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HARVARD LAW SCHOOL
LIBRARY
Received JUL 2 9 1938
Digitizi^ •••
Wtnasr
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THE
e-t
AiN I AKBARI
BY
ABUL FAZI^ ALLAMI,
i
TRANSLATED FROM THE bRIGINAL PERSIAN.
BY
COLONEL H. S. JARRETT,
8BCBETARY AMO MEMDBB, BOARD OF BXAMINEBS, CALCUTTA^
PUBLISHED BY THE ASLA.TIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
VOL. II.
■■— I
CALCUTTA :
jPrimted at thb ^aptist ^ission ^rsss.
1891.
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^Uv
JUL 2 9 1938
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PREFACE.
Though the reason that has compelled a change of author-
ship in the continued translation of the Ain i Akhari i3
doubtless universally known, the regretful duty of its for-
mal announcement is imperatirei in the introduction of this
volume. The early and somewhi^t sudden death of Professor
Blochmann is a loss which Oriental literature may be per-
mitted to share with his personal friends, and its regrets,
though differing in kind and measure from theirs, will not be
less grateful to his memory from its independence of associa-
tions in which friendship bears a part, and as a testimony to his
appreciation in a wider sphere where partial judgments have
no sway. This is not the place to pass in review his services to
letters which have been adequately commemorated elsewhere
by the Asiatic Society of Bengal for whom he so largely
laboured, but as commissioned by their authority to continue
the work which death has snatched from an able hand, it is
fitting that these few words from his successor should record
the unfortunate necessity of their action. It was at one time
supposed that the manuscript of the whole translation had
been completed by Professor Blochmann and prepared for the
pressj but whatever the origin of the rumour, no trace of the
work was discovered amongst his papers, and the interval of
five years between the conclusion of the first volume and his
death, leaves little doubt that the report had no foundation.
His preface deplores or excuses the delay that had already oc-
curred in the translation of the volume then issued, and
could not have omitted mention of the early completion of
the whole were the manuscript of the remainder ready for
publication. The enumeration of the diflGlculties which stood
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ir PRBFICT.
in his way is expressed in terms which imply that they had
not been overcome, else his silence, when silence might be
interpreted to his prejudice, is inexplicable. It may be,
therefore, safely assumed that want of leisure, or other
weighty reason, had hindered his continuance of a work which
had become the preoccupation of his most serious study and
which he hoped to leave to posterity as a record that he had
not toiled in vain. But the event was otherwise ordained.
While sensible of the hpnour conferred upon me by the
Asiatic Society in selecting ijie for the duty of entering upon
the labours and sharing the reward of my predecessor, I
cannot but express my diffidence in presenting this second
volume to public notice under their auspices, lest a com-
parison should discredit the wisdom of the choice. But
whatever the verdict of those competent from linguistic
knowledge and acquaintance with the abrupt, close and
enigmatic style of the original to judge of the merits of
the translation, no pains at least have been spared to
render it a faithful counterpart consistently with a clear-
ness of statement which the text does not everywhere
show. The peculiar tone and spirit of Abul Fazl are
difficult to catch and to sustain in a foreign tongue. His
style, in my opinion, is not deserving of imitation even in
his own. His merits as a writer have, in general, been great-
ly exaggerated. Omitting the contemporary and interest-
ing memoirs of Al Baddoni, whose scathing comments on the
deeds and motives of king and minister have an independent
value of their own, the accident that Abul Fazl's works
form the most complete and authoritative history of
the events of Akbar's reign, has given them a great and
pectQiar importance as state records. This they eminently
deserve, but as exemplars of style, in comparison with the
immutable types of excellence fixed for ever by Greece and
Bome, they have no place. His unique position in Akbar's
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PBEFAGE. V
court and service enhanced the reputation of all that he
wrote, and his great industry in a position which secured
wealth and invited indolence, fully merited the admiration
of his countrymen. B/Cgarded as a statistician, no details
from the revenues of a province to the cost of a pine-apple,
from the organisation of an army and the grades and
duties of the nohility to the shape of a candlestick and the
price of a curry-comb, are beyond his miscrospic and patient
investigation : as an annalist, the movements and conduct
of his sovereign are surrounded with the impeccability
that fences and deifies Oriental despotism, and chronicled
with none of the skill and power, and more than the flattery
of Velleius Paterculus : as a finished diplomatist, his
letters to recalcitrant generals and rebellious viceroys are
Eastern models of astute persuasion, veiling threats with
compliments, and insinuating rewards and promises with-
out committing his master to their fulfilment. But these
epistles which form one of his monuments to fame, consist
of interminable sentences involved in frequent parentheses
difficult to unravel, and paralleled in the West only by
the decadence of taste, soaring in prose, as Gibbon justly
remarks, to the vicious affectation of poetry, and in poetry
sinking below the flatness and insipidity of prose, which
characterizes Byzantine eloquence in the tenth century.
A similar affectation, and probably its prototype, is to be
found in the most approved Arab masters of florid com-
position of the same epoch, held by Ibn Khallikan's
erade and undisciplined criticism to be the perfection
of art, and which still remains in Hindustan the ideal
of every aspiring scribe. His annals have none of the
pregnant meaning and poiht that in a few masterly strokes,
efxalt or brand a name to all time, and flash the actors of his
dxama across the living page in scenes that dwell for ever in
tiie memory. The history of nearly forty-six years of his
J Digitized by VjOOQ IC
VI PREFACE.
master's reign contains not a line that lives in household
words among his own countrymen, not a heautiful image
that the mind delights to recall, not a description that rises to
great power or pathos, nor the unconscious simplicity re-
deeming its wearisome length which lends such a charm to
Herodotus, and which in the very exordium of Thucydides,
in Lucian's happy phrase, breathes the fragrance of Attic
thyme. His narrative affects a quaint and stiff phraseology
which renders it often obscure, and continues in an even
monotone, never rising or falling save in reference to the
Emperor whose lightest mention compels the adoring pro-
stration of his pen, and round whom the world of his
characters and events revolves as its central sun. What-
ever its merit as a faithful representation, in a restrict-
ed sense, of a reign in which he was a capable and distin-
guished actor, it lacks the interesting details and portraiture
of the life and manners of the nation which are commonly
thought to be below the dignity of history but which brighten
the pages of Eastern historians less celebrated than himself,
and are necessary to the light and shade of a perfect picture.
His statistical and geographical survey of the empire which
this volume comprises is a laborious though somewhat lifeless
compilation, of the first importance indeed as a record of a
past and almost forgotten administration to guide and in-
struct the historian of the future or the statesman of to-day,
but iminf ormed by deductive comment and illustration which
might relieve the long array of bald detail. His historical
summaries of dynasties and events in the various S6bahs
under their ancient autonomous rule, are incoherent abridg-
ments, often so obscurely phrased as not to be under-
stood without a previous knowledge of the events to which
they relate and his meaning is rather to be conjectured than
elicited from the grammatical analysis of his sentences.
The sources from which he drew his information are never
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* PREFACE. Vii
acknowledged. This of itself would have been of no mo-
ment and their indication might perhaps have disturbed
the unity of his design had he otherwise so incorporated the
labours of others with his own as to stamp the whole with
the impress of originality, but he not seldom extracts passages
word for word from other authors undeterred by the fear, or
heedl^s of the charge, of plagiarism.
Such, in my opinion, is the reverse of the medal which
represents Abul Fazl unrivalled as a writer and beyond the
reach of imitation. The fashion of exaggerating the impor-
tance and merits of a subject or an author by those who
make them their special study, especially when that study
lies outside the common track of letters, inevitably brings
its own retribution and ends by casting general discredit on
what in its place and of its kind has its due share of honour
or utility. The merit and the only merit of the Ain i
Akbari is in what it tells and not in the manner of its tell-
ing which has little to recommend it. It will deservedly
go down to posterity as a unique compilation of the
systems of administration and control throughout the vari-
ous departments of Government in a great empire, faith-
fully and minutely recorded in their smallest detail, with
such an array of facts illustrative of its extent, resources,
condition, population, industry and wealth as the abundant
material supplied from official sources could furnish. This
in itself is praise and fortune of no common order and it
needs not the fictitious ascription of unparalleled powers of
historiography in its support. The value of the Ain in this
regard has been universally acknowledged by European
scholars and it may not be out of place to quote here the
opinion of the learned Beinaud on this work in his 1st vol.
of the Geographic d 'Abulfeda, as it accurately represents its
nature and worth and the style and quality of its literary
ocHiipositicm.
\
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Viii FEEFAOE.
L 'Indemusulmane nous offre, dans les commencements
du xvii* sitele, un ouvrage de compilation, qui est d'un
grand int^rfet pour la gdographie; c'est le traits persan,
compost par Aboul-Pazel, ministre de 1* empereur mogol
Akbar, et intitule Ayyn-Akbery ou Institutes d* Akbar, par
suite de 1' int^rfet qu* Akbar avait apport^ h. sa composition.
L' empire fond^ dans 1' Inde par Babour, un des descendants
de Tamerlan, avait pris, sous le r^gne d' Akbar, une grande
extension et s' ^tendait depuis V Afganistan jusqu 'au fond
du golfe du Bengale, depuis V Himalaia jusqu'au Dekhan.
Gritce k Texcellent gouvemement dtabli par Akbar, les
provinces, pendant longtemps ravag^es par les guerres intes-
tines, avaient acquis une physionomie nouvelle. D*un autre
c6t4, les vues lib^rales de I'empereur et de son ministre
n'avaient rien de commun avec I'esprit ^troit et exclusif qui
caract^rise Tislamisme, et ils avaient fait traduire en persan
les meilleurs livres de la litt^rature sanscrite. Aboul-Eazel,
se mettant a la t^te d'une soci^t^ de savants, entreprit une
description g^ographique, physique et historique de Tempire,
accompagn^e de tableaux statistiques. Ghacun des seize sou-
bah ou gouvernements dont se composait alors Tempire
mogol, y est decrit avec une minutieuse exactitude ; la situa-
tion g^ographique et relative des villes et des bourgs y est
indiqude ; T^num^ration des produits naturels et industriciS
y est soigneusement trac^e, ainsi que la nomenclature des
princes, soit idol£btres, soit musulmans, auxquels les soubah
avaient €i^ soumis avant d'etre enclaves dans Tempire. On
trouve ensuite un expos^ de T^tat militaire de Tempire, et
r^numdration de ce qui composait la maison du souverain, etc.
L'ouvrage se termine par un precis, fait en g^n^ral d'apr^s
les sources indigenes, de la religion brahmanique, des divers
syst^mes de la philosophic hindoue, etc.
L'auteur^ par une recherche d'^rudition deplac4e» a
effects le style des anciens auteurs persans ; on a souvent de
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PEEFAOB. IX
la peine a le comprendre. En 1783, Francis Gladwin, en-
conrag^ par le gouvemeur g^n^ral Hastings, publia une ver-
sion anglaise abr^g^e de Touvrage. Plao^ aussi favorable-
ment qu'il V 6tait et aid6 des oonseils des indigenes, il vint
k bout de difficult^s qui auraient 4t4 partout ailleurs insur-
montables. La version anglaise, plusieurs fois r^imprim6e,
se r^pandit h la fois dans Tlnde et en Europe, et cette pub-
lication n'a pas ^t^, surtout dans les commencements, sans
influence sur les progr^s des etudes indiennes.
Maintenant, si on entreprenait une nouvelle Edition de
la version de Gladwin, Ton pourrait la rendre d'un usage en-
core plus utile. L*ouvrage fourmille de noms indigenes,
particuli^rement de mots sanscrits, et ces mots, en passant k
travers les caract^res de Talphabet arabe, ont souvent subi d*
horribles alterations. Au temps de Gladwin, Ton n'^tait
pas assez avanc6 dans les etudes indiennes pour rendre k ces
mots leur veritable physionomie, Maintenant, un indianiste
qui saurait passablement le persan, rdtablirait facilement les
termes dans leur veritable 4tat. Pour ma part, dans le cours
de mes travaux sur Tlnde, j'ai fait subir des corrections k
la transcription, au fur et a mesure des besoins.
Je ne dois pas n^gliger de dire un mot sur la table des
noms de lieux, reproduite dans la version anglaise en carac-
t^res arabes avec leur transcription, et dispos^e d'aprfes Tordre
des sept climats. Non-seulement beaucoup de noms sont
alt^r^, mais encore les noms sont places au hasard. En ce
qui conceme la confusion, elle existe dans le texte original.
Svidemment, la personne qui dans le principe, f ut charg^e
de dresser cette table, 6tait pen au courant de la geographic. .
The criticism of Gladwin's version is just and this deli-
eate animadversion I desire to imitate. His di£B.culties with
varying and corrupt MSS. from which he had to translate
were very considerable, and it is much to his credit that he
has on the whole succeeded so well. But it is not to be
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I
r
PREFACE.
denied that omissions are frequent and considerable and that
he has often misconstrued his author and thus led those who
followed and relied on him astray. In the Tables of Longi-
tudes and Latitudes in the fourth book, the geographical
names whether Persian or English are quite untrustworthy
and very few are correctly spelt or transliterated. Much of
the burden of this blame is to be laid on the original text which
has been composed or transcribed without intelligence,
discrimination or geographical knowledge, and for purposes
of reference is so frequently incorrect as to be worthless.
The fourth and fifth books which form the concluding
volume of this work are now in course of translation and if
the little leisure I can command will permit of it, I trust
that their publication will not long be delayed. The constant
elucidation which the text requires, involves no inconsider-
able research which, while it lightens the exertion and en-
courages the patience of the reader, is among the transla-
tor's most anxious and laborious tasks. I have dispensed
with two indices, such as are appended to the first volume,
the advantage of which I have not been able to discover.
There appears to me no more reason for distinguishing
geographical from other proper names than for disjoining
names of men from those of women, or animate from in-
animate objects. I have therefore included all in a single
index. The names of the towns and villages in the list of
Sarkdrs, twice recorded by Abul Fazl both under the Ten
Years' Settlement (p. 88. et aeq.) and in the histories of the
Stibahs, have not been separately entered, to avoid augment-
ing the index without necessity. A reference to the S6bah
and then to the Sarkdr will suffice to trace the location
of any particular town.
H. S. Jarrett.
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CONTENTS.
BOOK THIRD.
Page
The Divine Era,
...
...
1
The Era op thb Hindus,
...
...
15
Thb KhatXi Era,
«.•
19
The Turkish Era,
...
...
20
Names of the twelve years op the
Cycle,
•••
21
The Astrological Era, ...
••.
■•.
ib.
The Era op Adam,
•«•
.*•
tb.
The Jewish Era,
•••
...
ib.
The Era of the Deluge,
.«.
...
22
The Era op Bukht Na^ar (Nebuchadnezzar),
■*.
ib.
The Era op Philippus (ARRHiDiius),
...
r..
23
The Coptic Era,...
...
,.
ib.
The Stro-Macedonlln Era, ...
•«•
.«■
24
The Augustan Era,
.. •
...
25
The Christian Era,
, , ,
...
26
The Era op Antoninus op Rome,
...
• ..
ib.
The Era op Diocletian op Rome,
•#•
...
ib.
The Era op the Hijra,
...
...
ib.
The Era op Yazdajird,
••.
• ••
28
The Maliki Era,
...
1..
29
The Kh/niEra,...
...
...
ib.
The Il/hi Era, ...
..«
!••
80
SL'in
I.-
—The Commander op the Forces,
.••
• a.
37
»
II.'
—The Foujd/r, ...
..•
...
40
99
IIL-
—The MIr Adl and the ^izi,...
..•
4.1
99
IV.-
—The Kotw/l,
«..
• t*
ib.
w
V.-
—The Collector op the Revenue,
•»•
• ••
43
»
VI.-
—The Bit(kchi, ...
...
...
47
»
VII.-
-The Treasurer, ...
••.
• •0
49
W
VIII-
-The Il/hi Gaz, ...
..ff
#••
58
19
IX.-
-The TanA,
•.•
• t.
61
>»
X.-
—The BioHA,
...
...
62
f>
XI.-
—Land and its classipication, and the proportionate
dues op Soyerbignty, ...
■••
.••
ib.
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CONTENTS.
9f
A'in XII.-*Ohaohae LAND, ...
„ XIII. — Bahjablakd, ,„
„ XIV.— The Nineteen Ybabs' Bates,
» XV.— The Ten Years' Settlement,
MiLWAH,
Account op the twelve SiJbahs,
The SdBAH of Bengal,
Obissa,
Sarkdr OF Udne'e, „•
„ „ Lakhnaittt,
I, Fat^/bXd,
„ Ma^mi^d/b/d,
„ KHALiFAX/BiD, ...
„ Bogl/,
„ PrfBNITAH,
„ T^jpi5h,
„ Ghob/gh^t,
„ PiNJABAH,
„ BXbbaeXb^d,
„ BXzoh/,
„ SonXbg/o^,
„ Sylhet,
„ „ Chittagono,
„ „ 8HABiFi(B/£>,
„ „ SvLkmisihii}, ...
„ ,1 S/tg/on,
„ „ MADi^RAN,
„ „ J ALB SAB, ...
,. I, Bhadbak, '...
„ „ KkTkK (Outtack),
„ „ Kalang (PanppXt),
„ „ BXj Mahandbah,
s07ebeigns of bengal,
Si$bah of BehXb,
Sarkdr „ Bbhab,
„ „ MONGHTR, •••
„ „ GHAHPiBAN,
„ „ HXjIPIJB,
„ S/ban,
„ TiBHUT,
Page
.»*
67
• at
ib.
*..
69
• ••
88
• ••
112
• ••
115
• ••
ib.
• ••
126
• ••
129
■ ••
131
■ ••
182
• ••
ib.
«t*
184
.»•
ib.
• ••
ib.
..«
135
• ••
ib.
• ••
186
• ••
187
• ■t
ib.
• ••
138
tc.
189
• ••
ib.
,,,
ib.
• ••
140
• ••
ib.
• ••
141
• a*
142
• t*
143
•••
ib.
0**
144
#••
ib.
• ••
ib.
• ••
149
• ••
158
• ••
154
• •t
156
• ••
ib.
t.«
ib.
...
156
Digiti
*d by Google
COlfTlHTS.
ZIU
Sarkdr
SdBAH
Sarkdr
ft
ft
t»
»l
ff
99
Sl$BAH
Sarkdr
SdSAH
Sarkdr
9>
19
SdBAH
SarAwV
99
99
99
99
99
>9
oy BOHTiS, •»•
„ Allah/bXd, •••
„ AllahXrId,
I, Gh/zip^b (EastX «•.
„ BbnXbbb (East), «••
„ JaukpiJa (NobthX
„ M/nikpi}b, ..«
,1 OHAiriDAH (Ohava^a) South,
,, ^hathehora (soutu),
,, K/linjab (South),
„ KoBABAH (Corah) West,
,, EZabbah (WB8T),
„ OUDH, .*.
„ OUDH,
,, GobakhpiJb,
„ Bahbaioh,
,, KnAIB^BiD,
„ LUCKNOW,
II AGBA| •••
„ AOBA,
„ Ei^LPI,
„ EoL (KoaX
„ OWiCUOR,
„ fRij, .«
„ BkilinrJkX,
„ NlBVAX,
„ AlWAR,
„ Tij/rih,
„ N^BNOI.,
„ Sah/r,
„ M/lwah,
„ Ujjiin,
„ lUlsiN,
„ KUKAXIJ,
„ Ohandb'bi,
„ BiJA'aAiiA
,. Mahdo
Pag«
,. 187
. tfr.
,. 161
,. 162
.. ib.
,. 163
>. 164
. 165
. 166
. ib.
. 167
. ib.
. 170
. 178
. 174
. 176
. ib.
. 177
,. 179
,. 182
. 184
. ib.
,. 186
. 187
I. ib.
,. 188
,. 189
,. 190
. 191
,. 192
. 193
,. 196
,. ib.
,. 198
,. 199
,. ib.
,. 201
,. 203
.. 204
. 206
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XIV
CONTENTS.
Page
Sarkdr
OF HiNpiAH,
...
... ,
... 207
»
„ NazarbXb,
• •.
• ••
... 208
»
„ Mar6s<5r,
• ••
..•
... lb.
»
„ G/eR<$N,
• ••
... 209
«i
„ K<5trI Pab/tah,
■ ••
...
... ih.
S07BRBIGNS OV Mi^LWAH,
• ••
... 210
SubXh
or DiCNDE^S,
• ••
• ••
... 222
Sarkdr
„ Di^NDE'S,
*••
...
... 225
SfjBiH
„ Ber^r,
•«
...
... 228
SarJcdr
„ GAWIL,
#••
.••
... 232
»
„ PANiR,
• tt
• ••
... 233
»
„ Khbrtjlh,
.••
• tt
... ib.
}>
„ Narn/lah,
• ••
tt«
... 234
ft
,y Kallam (Ealamb),
ttt
... 235
»»
„ B^IM,
• ••
... ib.
»
„ Mi^HdB,
...
... ib.
»
„ Manikdruo,
• tt
tt. 286
»
„ PifTHRI,
• tt
... ib.
>9
„ Tbling/nah,
t • •
... 287
»>
„ B/nOHAR (BiCMQHAR),
t»t
ft ib.
>f
„ Mahkar,
• ••
•
... lb.
>t
„ Batt/lah (Pit/lw/ri),
• t»
... %b.
Si5bah
„ GuJAr/t (GuZERi^T),
• tt
... 288
PABftAKAHB OF THB TiMBB'l TRIBE,
a»«
... 246
8(vrkdr
OF Ajpmad/b^,
•••
•••
... 262
19
„ Pattan, North,
• t.
•••
... 254
»
„ N/d6t (Nandod) North,
.••
••• ib.
>f
„ Baboda, South,
...
• ••
... 256
}>
„ Bahr6oh (Broach) South,
• tt
... 16.
»
„ OhjCmpane'r,
• ••
.••
... 266
»
„ SdRAT,
• ••
• tt
••• ib.
»
„ GODHRiC,
>••
••■
... 257
9>
„ S6RATH,
• ••
ttt
tt. 258
Port DUTisg,
«••
• •t
.tt 259
Prinoee
\ OF Gujarat,-
• ••
• ••
... 259
StfBAH
„ Ajmer (Ajmerb)
,...
••0
... 267
iSarArdr
„ Ajme'r,
,,,
...
... 272
»>
„ CHiT<$R,
*••
tta
... 278
>}
„ Eantanbh<5r,
...
• ••
... 274
»
„ JODHPtfR,
•••
• ••
... 276
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CONTENTS.
XV
Tage
Sarlcdr of SiBrfHi,
•».
... i6.
„ „ NiCoOB,
.tt
... ih.
„ „ Bikane'b,
...
... 277
Si}ba.h of Dehu (Dblhi),
• a.
... 278
Sarkdr of Delhi,
««•
... 285
„ „ Bad/on,
• ••
... 288
„ „ KUMiON,
... 289
„ p Sahbhal,
• ••
... ib.
„ ,, SAHiCaANPl^B,
...
... 291
1, ff Jn>B WARIy
• t*
... 293
„ „ H19/B FiBdzAH (HisbXb),
• •«
... i6.
„ „ SmHiNi),
...
...
... 296
SOVBBEIGNS OF DeLHI,
...
*••
... 297
S6bAH of Li^HOB,
•••
• ••
... 810
Sarkdr of the Bet Klandhab Do/b,
..*
... 316
„ „ „ B/biDo^b,
...
• ••
... 818
„ ,, ,, Bechn/u DOi^B,
•0.
... 819
Chenhat (Jboh) Do^b,
•••
...
... 821
SiNDH SiOAB DoiB,
...
...
... 322
Betond the Pivb bivebs (Bib^n I Panjhad),
325-330-333
SdBAH OF MULT^N,
•••
...
... 826
Sarkdr of Mult/n. Foub Do/bs,
• •*
... 328
Be't Jir.ANDHAB Do^B,
• ••
328-331
B/bi Do/b,
• *.
829-332
Rbchn/u Do/b, ...
• *•
830-333
Bind S^gab Do/b,
...
.*• ih.
Sarkdr of Dip/LFtjB,
...
... 331
„ „ Bhakkab (Bukkur),
.«•
... 333
Kings of MultXn,
...
... 834
Sarkdr of Tattah,
...
... 836
„ „ HXjKifN,
...
... 840
,, ,, SsWISTiN,
■ a.
... %b.
„ „ Na9ibpiJb,
• ««
... 841
„ ,, ChakabhXlah,
• ••
... ih.
Pbincbs of Tattah,
.••
... ih.
St^BAH OF K/bUL,
...
... 347
Sarkdr of Kashmir,
• t.
... ih.
The MabbXj Tract,
...
... 868
Kamb/j Tract, ...
• ••
... 370
Soyebeigns of KashmIr,
• ••
... 871
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XVI
vuni^fiiv.
Page
Sarhdr op Pakli,
.. .•• 390
„ „ Saw/d (Sw/t), ...
... 391
„ „ Daub, Baku and Ibakhail, .
... 893
„ „ ^andah/b,
... ib.
Dbpbndencies of ^andah/b,
... 397
SabkIb of KXbul,
... 898
Dbpbndencies of K/bul, •••
... 411
•in XVI.— The Kab6h, or K6s,
... 414
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ADDENDA.
CORRIGENDA.
1
line
21
for
Taffil
read Taf^fl.
8-
36
i*
Ans^
II
Ans&rfl.
9
81
)i
Mathematioiam
II
Mathematioian.
12
9
»»
^ml
II
4imal.
14
„
3
»»
Sadhpdr
M
Siddhapdr.
30
note
»
cnrions
It
envioas.
32
6
)i
wahab
It
Wahb.
32
7
If
Marabbih
II
Manabbih.
33
2
II
*Ali
„
Abi.
88
34
II
if
II
of.
42
28
II
or
II
nor.
46
note
i»
,^14.
II
{^i^
66
,,
It
yshnri
„
VTahrf.
50
6&8
11
l^wAkn
II
Fadd&n.
57
27
II
Tamaha
II
Tamghab.
65
15
,,
pignut
It
water ohestnat.
118
30
II
Tatoa
II
Tatoa.
127
note 4
II
after I G.
11
and.
133
28
II
Mardfdebh
,,
Mfliriifdeh.
135
27
II
Audalgao?
II
Andalg^o?.
136
35
»»
Aubel
II
Anbel.
136
36
»»
AabaH
„
Amb&ri.
154
note
»i
Jai Ohanpa
II
Jai Champa.
359
24
II
B^bal
II
B&bil.
388
87
i»
1
Ironoolast
II
Iconoclast.
ADDENDA.
«
XV n
Page 125, line 9, to Sherganj add the following note :
Cisaa SinenBis, Briason. Cissa Venatoria, Blyth — the green }\j. It is found in
the Soutb Eastern Himalayas and in the hill ranges of Assam, Sjlhet, Arakan and
Tenaaserim. These birds wander aboat from tree to tree and pick grasshoppers,
mantides and other insects, are frequently tamed and caged and are amusing and
imitatiTe. They sing lustily a loud screeching strain and are highly carnivorous. The
ihrike-like habit, in confinement, of placing a bit of food between the bars of their
oage is in no species more exemplified than in this — Jerdon, II, 812.
Page 56, line 6, to l^udan add following note :
The text has ' k^d&n,' with a variant ' kulUn.' — I accepted the former without in-
▼eaiigation at the time, but the true reading is Fadd^n (^t<3i) which means a certain
neasiire of land, subdivided into 24 ij^ira^ — loosely reckoned as the quantity which
a yoke of oxen will plough in one day and commonly defined as consisting of 333 1
|afa6«^, ihe latter being 24 kah4ah, and the kab4ah being the measure of a man's fist
witii the thumb erect, or about 6i inches. Lane's Arab. Lex.
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book: TUXRTy,
IMPERIAL ADMINISTEATION.
Since somewhat of the recent imperial institutions regulating
the Army and the Household have been set down, I shall now record
the excellent ordinances of that sagacious intellect that energizes
the world.
ATN 1.
THE DIVINE ERA.
The connection of monetary transactions without fixity of date would
Blip from the grasp, and through forgetfulness and falsehood raise a tamult
of strife ; for this reason every community devises a remedy and fixes an
epoch. Since thought fosters well-being and is an aid to facility (of action),
to displace obsolete chronology and establish a new usage is a necessity of
gOYernment. For this reason, the prince regent on the throne of felicity
in the 29th year of the Divine Era,^ for the purpose of refreshing that plea-
sure-ground of dominion and revenue, directed its irrigation and rendered
blooming and lush the palace-garden of the State.
(Compassing events within a determinate time, the Persian calls
makross (date) ; the Arab has converted this into muarrakh (chronicled),
and thence " tarikh (date) is a household word. Some derive the Arabic
from irdkhy a wild bull. This conjugation of the measure of tdjaHl^ means,
to polish. As ignorance of the time of an event grew less, it became dis-
• 1586. See Vol. I, p. 196. The Use-
fol TaUes pablished as an appendix to the
loamal of the Asiatic Society, state
tkat the date of the establishnient of the
CCB is the thirtieth of Akbar's reign.
It gives the epooh of the Ilahy era as
falfingon Friday the 5th Babi us S4ni
A. H. 908, corresponding with the 19th
fchniAiy 1666. It is ased on inscrip-
tipBSj eoins aand reoords of Jehangir's and
teialloiwiiii^ raigna, but generally conp-
M vHb the Hejira date.
1
' I can find no anthority for this
statement — no dictionary that I have
consnlted gives this meaning. Lane
says that *■ tarikh' is an arabioized word
according to some, borrowed apparently
from the Hebrew H"!" " * month," or from
t
the Chaldean. Others say it is pnre Ara*
bio. Al Biriini quotes Maimdn-b-Mihraii for
the etymology of "Mahroz'* and * Tarikh.'
A^har-iil BilfLijay* Sac(iaa's translation,
p. 34.
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tingnisbed by ibis name. Some assert tbat it is transposed from ' tdhhir
wbicb is referring tb late period to an antecedent age. Otbers understand
it to be a limit of time wherein an event determines. Tbej say " sncb
a one is the tdrikh of bis tribe," tbat is, from wbom dates tbe nobility of bis
line.^ It is commonly understood to be a definite day to wbicb subsequent
time is referred and wbicb constitutes an epocb. On tbis account tbey
cboose a day distinguisbed by some remarkable event,^ sucb as tbe birtb of
a sect, a royal accession, a flood or an eartbqaake. By considerable labour
and tbe aid of fortune, by constant divine worsbip and tbe observance of
times, by illumination of tbe understanding and felicity of destiny, by tbe
gathering together of far-seeing intelligences and by varied knowledge
especially in the exact sciences and tbe Almigbty favour, observatories
were built : wonderful upper and lower rooms with diversity of window
and stair arose on elevated sites little affected by dust.
By tbis means and with tbe aid of instruments sucb as tbe armillary
sphere and others double-limbed and bi-tubular,* and tbe quadrant of
altitude,* the astrolabe, tbe globe and otbers, the face of astronomy was
illumined and the computation of the heavens, tbe position of tbe stars, tbe
extent of their orbits in length and breadth, their distance from each other
and from tbe earth, the compai'ative magnitude of the heavenly bodies and
tbe like were ascertained. So great a work without the daily increasing aus-
picioasness of a just monarch and his abundant solicitude, is not to be
• The Arabic phrase is, ^Uy ;^p ^^
• This passage is so strikingly similar
to the opening of the 3rd chapter of Al
Biruni's Athar ul BfiJfiya that it can
scarcely be accidental. There is nothing
to hinder the supposition that Abfil
Fazl Tras acquainted with that writer's
works and not a little indebted to him.
• I cannot determine accurately what
these may be. No dictionary renders the
expressions. It is possible that the first
may be the ska'phium of Aristarchus
which was a gnomon, the shadow of
which • was received on a concave hemi-
spherical surface, having the extremity
of its style at the centre, so that angles
might be measured directly by arcs in-
stead of the tangents. The second may
refer to the invention of Archimedes to
ascertain the apparent diameter of the
sun by an apparatus of double cylinders.
There was another, too, of Aristarchus to
find the distance of the sun by mea^nr-
ing the angle of elongation of the moon
when dichotomized. The kitah vl PihHst
mentions only the astrolabe and the
urmillary sphere, p. 284. S^iUot (Pro-
logom^nes des Tables Astron. d'Olong
Beg) speaks of a ** gnomon h trou " lued
by Nafiruddin T<^.
* So I venture to interpret the term.
Dozy (Supplem. Diet. Airab.) quotes
Berbrugger on this word "Buba^a-el-
moudjihf le quart de oerole horodictiqae,
instrument d'une grande simplicite dont
ou fait usage pour oonnaitre I'heure par
la hauteur du soleil." Moudjib should be
" mu}2kyydb*
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3
aocomplislied. The gathering together of learned men of liheral minds is
not achieyable simply by means of ample wealih, and the philosophic treatises
of the past and the instiintions of the ancients cannot be secured without the
most strennons endeayoors of the sovereign. With all this, thirty years
are needed to obeerve a single revolution of the seven planets.^ The
longer the period and the greater the care bestowed upon a task, the more
perfect its completion.
In this time-worn world of affliction Divine Providence has vouchsafed
its aid to many who have attained considerable renown in these con-
itrnctions, such as Archimedes, Aristarchus and Hipparchus in Egypt, from
whose time to the present, the 40th year of the divine era, 1769 years have
elapsed* ; such as Plotemy in Alexandria who flourished some 1410 years
ago ; as the Caliph M&mtin in Baghdad, 790 years past, and Sind^ bin 'Ali
^ The ancients gave the name of planets
to the five planets risible to the naked
eye, and the snn and inoon. The names of
U» five— Mercnry, Venns, Mars, Jnpiter,
and Saturn first oooor in the cosmical
scheme of PhilolanB. (Lewis. Astron.
of the Ancients) The thirty years must
lefep to that planet of the seven occu-
l^iBgthe longest period in its revolution,
aamely , Saturn which wasthemost remote
tiien known. It takes 29 years and 5^
nonths (very nearly) to return to the
same place among the fixed stars, whether
tl» centre of motion be the Snn or the
Sarth. The Gopemican system had been
pidilished fifty-six years before Abdl
Ibd began this volume.
' It is needless to say that all these
I are very inexact. Archimedes flou-
. 287-212 B. C. Aristarchus some-
vftera about 280-264 B.O. and Hipparchus
ii plaeed by Snidas at from B. G. 160
ti 146, and yet they are all bracketed to-
iMher. The date of Plotemy, illustrious
M ha is as a mathematician, astronomer
Mi gaogiBpfaer, is uncertain. He ob-
IKviist Alezaadria, A. D. 139 and was
llbft m A. D. 161. Mam^ snooeeded
ii fta OaK^iato on 4he 24th September
iMi Mb mmoA all Greek works that he
' ta be translated, and in
\
particular the Almagest of Plotemy. The
real title of this work is MtydKri ^6trra^is
rijf 'Affrpopofilas. There was another
called fiadijfiartic/i trbrra^is. The Arabs,
to distingpiish the two probably called
the greater work /irydA?; and afterwards
firyurrri and Almagest is a compound
of the Greek with a prefix of the Arabic
article. MamiiSn is said to have made
the delivery of certain Greek MSS. at
Gonstantinople, one of the conditions of
peace with Michael the HI. He ordered
the obliquity of the Ecliptic to bo ob-
served at Baghdad which was found to
be 23** 35', and less than some preceding
observations had indicated. Another
important operation was the measure of
a degree of the terrestrial meridian.
There is still preserved, a work composed
under M&mdn's direction entitled, ac*
cording to the Latin translation, Astro-
nomia Elaborata a oompluribus D. X>,
jnasu regis Maimun. (Encyol. Metro-
politana. Art. Astron.)
• Ahu Tayyih Sind-b-'Ali was a Jew
converted to Islam in the Galiphate of
M&mtin and was appointed his astronomer
and superintendent of observatorieB. A
list of his books may be fo^nd in the
Kit^b ul Fihrist, p. 275, and in Hammer-
Purgstall's Literaturgeeoh der Araber, p.
k
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4
Eind Kbdlid' bin 'Abdal Malik al Marwazi 764 years since at Damascus.
Hakim and Ibn^ Aa'lam also laid the foundations of an observatory at
Baghdad which remained unfinished, 712 years, and Battani^ at Bacca 654
years previous to this time. Three hundred and sixty-two solar years
have passed since Khwdjah^ Na^ir of Tds built another at Muragha
258, Vol. Ill, bat the latter is inexact
and has in two plaoes misunderstood his
original, the Fihrist : see also, Sedillot-
Prolegomfenes d'Oloug Beg, Introd. ix.
* Khalid^h-* Abdul Malik, A. H. 217
(832) a native of Merv. He is included
among three astronomers who first among
the Arabs, instituted observations from
the Shammasiyah observatory at Bagh-
dad. His son MaJl^mmad b. Ehdlid was
an astronomer in Mamdn's service.
Ham. Purg. Lit. Gesch. der Arab. p. 259.
Vol. III. and Sedillot. p. x.
« Ibn u'l 'Aa'lam A. H. 376 (A. D. 985),
stood in great credit with Adl^ad ud
daulah, but finding himself in less estima-
tion with his son Shamsud Daulah, he
left the court but returned to Baghdad a
year before his death. His astronomical
tables were celebrated not onlj in his
own time but by later astronomers. He
died on his return from a pilgrimage to
Mecca. Ibid. p. 311. Vol. V. Of Al
Hdkimi, I can learn nothing.
■ Muhammad b. Jdbir al Battdni,
(Albatenius) a native of Harran and in-
habitant of Bakka. His observations
were begun in A. H. 264 (A. D. 877-8)
and he continued them till A. H. 306.
He died in 317 A. H. He was the author
of the astronomical work entitled the
Sabean tables. It is doubtful whether he
embraced Islamism. His ancestors were
Sabeans and he was probably so himself.
In his table he marked the positions of
the fixed stars in A. H. 299 (A. D. 911-
12)« Among other works he wrote a
treatise on the mode of calculating the
amplitude of the Zodiacal signs for every
latitude, which would be of use in the
history of spherical trigonometry : also an
explanation of Ptolemy's qitudripartitum.
cf. Ibn KhallikAn. art al Battdni and
the Fihrist, p. 279. In the Encyclop£edia
Metropolitana it is stated that he was
sumamed the Ptolemy of the Arabs. He
corrected the determination of Ptolemy
respecting the motion of the stars in
longitude, ascertaining it to be one degp:«e
in 70 instead of 100 years ; modern ob-
servations make it one degree in 72 years.
He also determined very exactly the
eccentricity of the ecliptic and corrected
the length of the year, making it con-
sist of 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes,
24 seconds, which is about 2 minutes
short of but 4 minutes nearer the truth,
than had been given by Ptolemy. Ho
also discovered the motion of the apogee.
His works have been collected and pub-
lished in two vols. 4to. under the title of
De Scientia Stellarv.m, of which there are
two editions, one in 1537 and the other
in 1646.
* No^iru^ddin is the surname of
Muhammad-b-Hassan or Ibn Mul^mmad
at Tusi, often simply called Khwajah
Na^iru'ddin (A. H. 697-672, or accord-
ing to some 687). Hulaku the Tartar
chief placed him at the head of the
philosophers and astronomers whom his
clemency had spared in the sack of
Moslem towns, and gave him the ad-
ministration of all the colleges in his ao-
quired dominions. The town of Muragha
in Azarbayj&n was assigned to him and
he was ordered to prepare the astrono-
mical tables which were termed Imperial
(Elkhin). He studied and explained the
elements of Euclid and wrote on the
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near Tabriz and 156 is the age of that of Mirza Ulugh Beg^ in Samarkand.
Basad signifies 'watching' in the Arabic tongue and the watchers,
therefore, are a body who, in a specially-adapted edifice, observe the move-
ments of the stars and stndy their aspects. The results of their investigations
and their discoveries regarding these sublime mysteries are tabulated and
reduced to writing. This is called an astronomical table (zij) . This word
is an Arabicized form of the Persian,* ztk which means the threads that
guide the embroiderers in weaving brocaded stuffs. In the same way, an
astronomical table is a guide to the astronomer in recognising the conditions
of the heavens, and the linear extensions and columns, in length and breadth,
resemble these threads. It is said to be the Arabic rendering of zih from
spherics of Theodosins and Menelaas in
663 and 670. The Akhla^ i Na^iri, a
work on morals was translated into
Persian by this savant from the Arabic
original the Kitab ut Taharat, written by
Aba AH b. Maskawaih, minister of the
hoQse of Bnwaib, with additions on do-
mestic and political subjects. Gf.
d'Herbelot art. Nassiraddin. S^dillot.
Prolog. Introd. p. xcvii. Abnl Pharaj-ed.
Poooke. 1663, p. 548 in which his death
is placed in 675 A. H.
* Ulngh Beg ( «-^ c!l "^t •-^•'l
was the son of Shah Bnkh and grandson
of Tamerlane bom at Snltanieh A. H.
796, (A. D. 1393). In 810 he possessed
tlie government of some provinces of
Khorasin and Mazander^n and in 812,
that of Tnrkistdn and Transoxania. He
bowever, quickly abandoned politics
■ad devoted himself passionately to
^ favourite studies. He desired that
kis tables should be scrupulously exact
•nd procured the best instruments
ihexL available. These at this period,
were of extraordinary size. The obli-
<Ittity of the ecliptic was observed in
A, D» 995 with a quadrant of 15 cubits'
»diM (21 feet 8 inches). The sextant
of Abu Mu^ammed al Khojandi used in
^ had a radios of 40 cubits (57 feet
9 inches). The quadrant used by Ulugh
Beg to determine the elevation of the
pole at Samaroand, was as high as the
summit of St. Sophia at Constantinople
(about 180 feet). The astronomical
tables were first published in A. H. 841
(A. D. 1437). The ancient astronomy
had produced only one catalogue of the
fixed stars, that of Hipparchus. Ulngh
Beg, after an interval of sixteen cen-
turies, produced tbe second. Like all
orientals he fell into the slough of
astrology. The stars foretold his assas-
sination. His suspicions pointed to
his son, whom unmerited ill-treatment
drove into rebellion and this brought
about the catastrophe he dreaded. He
was slain in 1449, and with his death
closes the line of Arabian astronomers.
A century and a half separates him
from the great Keppler. Purbach, Re-
giomontanus, Copernicus and Tjcho
Brahe filled the interval and not a little
of the honour accredited to Western as-
tronomers is due to the labour of the
Arabs. The subject is exhaustively dis-
cussed by Sedillot. Prolegom. d'Oloug
Beg, Vols. I and II.
• See Sedillot. Prolog, des Tab.
Ast. Tome I, p. 686. Note 1. whore
the words of the text are almost literally
given from Shah Kulji.
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6
the frequent necessitj of its use, which the intelligent will understand.
Some maintain it to be Persian, signifying a mason's rnle, and as he,
through its instrumentalitj determines the evenness of a building, so an
astronomer aims at accuracy by means of this astronomical table.
Many men have left such compilations to chronicle their fame. Among
these are the Canons of
1. Ma^a'r the Turk.
There are two of this family whom SMllot terms the Benoa Amadjonr, vim,, ^ ^0
if^y^\ jy^ ^ (^t ij^ cr^*^f J L^j^by^ ^' Hammer-Porgstall makes them the
same person bat adds another name jy^'Ul/t ^ idDf*^ ^^^Iftityt Aooording to him, they
were brothers, and the former was the anther of the Canon called al Bedi&or " the Wonder-
fnl ;'* the latter of works on other astronomical tables with disputed titles. He appears to
quote from the Fihrist and from Casiri who borrows from Ibn Jounis, bat the Fihrist dis-
tinctly states that Aba'l Qasan was the son not the brother of AH b. Amajdr. Ibn
Joanis speaks of Aba'l ]j|liLsim also, and as a native of Herat, AvpUfiit^yj ^^ which
evidently refers to his Turkish orig^ bat mis -translated by Casiri and copied by Ham-
Purgstall 'descended from the Pharaohs." (Sedillot. p. xxxix note). The Benon Ama-
jur were astronomers of repute and made their observations between the years 885-933,
leading the way to important discoveries. (Sed p. xxzv et seq),
2. Hipparohus.
3. Ptolemy.
4. Pythagoras.
6 Zoroaster.
6. Theon of Alexandria.
7. Sa'ma't the Greek.
Another reading is S4bdt/ J:bL#) but I cannot recognize nor trace the name satis*
factorily. The epithet ^ytj^ inclines me to believe the name to be that of a Oreek
astronomer in Islamic times.
8. Tha'bit-b-Kurrahb Hardnwasanativeof Harrin, of the Sabean sect, and
rose to eminence in medicine, mathematics and philosophy, bom A. H. 221 (A. D. 836)
died in A. H. 288 (A. D. 901). He was much favoured by the Caliph Al Mua'tadhid
who kept him at Court as an astrologer. He wrote on the Spherics of Theodosius,
and retranslated Euclid already turned into Arabic by Hunain-b-Isha^ al Ib^di. He
was also author of a work in Syriac on the Sabean doctrines and the customs and
ceremonies of their adherents. Ibn Khali. D'Herb. Sedillot. p. xxv. et seq. For a list
of his works, see the Fihrist, p. 272.
9. Hxisa'in b. Sina'n. (var. Shabin.)
I believe the first name to be an error. The Fihrist mentions a son of Sinin with
the patronymic Abul J^asan who is no doubt here meant. He was grandson of
Thitbit-b-^urrah, and named also Thibit according to P'Herb. as well as Abdl ^asan
after his grandfather. (Sedillot). Equally proficient in astronomy with his grandfather,
he was also a celebrated physician and practised in Baghdad. He wrote a history of
his own time from about A. H. 290 to his death in 360. Abdl Fiuraj speaks of it as
an excellent work. See also Ibn Khali. De Slane. Vol. II. p. 289 and note 7. His
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hiAet nmkn tiie son of Tli^bij>-b*Karrali, died at Baghdad A. H. 331. They were both
Huranians, the last representatives of ancient Greek learning through whom Greek
tdenoes were oommnnicated to the illiterate Arabs. Sin^ made a collection of meteo-
rologioal obsenrations called the Kit&b nl anwi, compiled from ancient sonrces, incor-
porated by Albironi in his Chronology, and thereby preserved to ns the most complete
Ptoapegma of the ancient Greek world. Bee Albirdni. Ghronol. Saohan's Transl.
p. 427. n.
10. Thal>it.b-Ma'8a.
I can find no such name The Fihrist g^res ThiLbit-b- Ah^sa, head of the Sabean
sect in Harrin.
11. Muhammad-b- Ja'bir sl Batta'ni. See p. 4, note 3.
12. Ahmad-b-'Abdu'llah Jaba'.
Jafaa is a copyist's error for Habsh ^Ji^J^ He was one of Al Itf amiin*s astronomers,
and distinguished by the title of Al 9&sib or the Keckoner. He was employed by
Mamin at Sinjar to observe the obliqnity of the Ecliptic and to test the measurements of
geometrical degrees. He compiled a set of tables by the Caliph's order. Ham. Pnrg.
B. m, p. 260. Abn'l Fara] (ed. 1663, p. 247} says that he was the author of three
Canons ; the first modelled on the Sindhind, the second termed Mumtahan or Pro-
Ten (after his return from his observations) and the third the Lesser Canon, known as
tte ' Shih*. He lived to the age of a hundred. Though Ham. Purg. writes the name
Hnbaysh ^^^^U^) and Habsh, the Fihrist and SediUot oonfirm the latter reading. A
Hsi of this astronomer's works will be found in the last named work.
13. Abu'Bayha'n.
Abu Bayban-Mubammad-b-Abmad Albirdni, bom 862. A. H. (A. D. 978), d. 440.
(A. D. 1048). For further particulars I refer the reader to Sachan's preface to the
Indioa and the Chronology of this famous Savant.
14. Khalid-b-'Abdu'l Malik. See p. 4 note 1.
15. Tahya-b-Mansu'r.
More correctly Yahya-b-Abi Ma^s^r, was one of Al M^mun's most famous astro-
Bomen. Abu'l Faraj (p. 24B). says that he was appointed by that Caliph to the Sham-
oUnya^ observatory at Baghdad and to that of Mount Kasiun at Damascus. The
Pibzist gives a list of his works (p. 275) and (p. 143) his genealogy and descendants
who appear to have shared and augmented their father's fame. He died about 833»
(A H. 218) in Milmfin's expedition to Tarsus and was buried at Aleppo.
16. Ha'mid Marwaru'di.
This is doubtless, Abu 9^mid, A^mad-b-Mubammad as $^h£ni. ^^h&n is a town
aear Marw. Ibn Khallik&n's derivation of Marwarrdd will explain the difference in the
titular adjectives of place. I transcribe De Slane. Y. I, p. 60. " Marwarrudi means
^athe of MarwarHidf a well-known city in Ehorasdn, built on a river, in Persian ar-rud,
ttd situated 40 parasangs from Marw as Sh4hj&n ; these are the two Marws so frequent-
ly mentioned by poets : the word Shahj&n is added to the name of the larger one from
irhioh also is derived the relative adjective Marwaai ; the word rud is joined to that of
the oUier dty in order to distinguish between them. ManoarHid has for relative
lAjeetive Xarwarr6di and Marwazif also, according to as Sam^ni." Sh&hjin is, of course,
Uljbiii. Abu 9&mid, was one of the first geometricians and astronomers of his time
(1 879. A. H. 989J, and a maker of astrolabes at Baghdad and was employed to certify
t^ oorrectness of the royal astronomical reports. Ham Purg. B. Y. 818.
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17. Mughl'thi. Perhaps, Mngbni f^^>kj\ tabolae astronomioae snfficienfces,
mentioned by Hdji Khalifa, p. 568, Art. ^\
18. Sharki. (Var. Sharfi.) probably AbuT K^im as Saraki (<V;-Jl) o^ whom
Casiri writes. 'AbMoassam Alsaraki Aractensis (of BAkka), AstrologiaB jndiciarisB et
astronomisQ dootrina, uti etiam Tabalamm et Spherse peritia hand ignobilis, inter
familiares atque intimos Saifeldanlati Ali-ben-Abdalla-ben Hamdan, per ea tempora
Regis, habitns est, qaibnscnmqne Sermones Academioos freqnens conf erebat (Saifeldan-
latus SyrisB Bex, anno Egiras 356 obiit. (Sedillot, p. xlviii.)
19. Abu'l Wafa'-Nu'rha'ni. An error for B6zjdni. Bdzjin is a small town
in the Nisdbur district in the direction of Herdt. He was bom A. H. 328 (939) d. 388
(998). In his 20th year he settled in Irak. A list of his works will be found in the Fihrist,
p. 283. Ham. Pnrg. B. V. 806. His Canon was termed " as Shimil." His most import»int
work was the Almagest, which contains the formulas of tangents and secants employed by
Arab geometricians in the same manner as in trigonometrical calculations of the present
day. In the time of Al Battdni, sines were substituted for chords. By the introduction
of tangents he simplified and shortened the expression of circular ratios. His antici-
pation of the discoveries of Tycho Brahe, may be seen in Sed. p. ix.
20. The Ja'mi*. (Plura continens) ^
21. The Bali'gh. (Summum attingens) > of Eyakushy&r.
22. The 'Adhadi. ^
Kushydr-b-Kendn al ^anbali, t5*t^^t c>^ C^"* J^A wrote three Canons, ac-
cording to Hdji Khalifa. Two were the J4mi' and the Salf ( C'^^ ) (Biligh is
however, confirmed by D*Herbelot art Zig). These works were on stellar computations,
on almanacs, the motions of the heavenly bodies and their number, supported by
geometrical proofs. His compendium (mujmal) summarises their contents (p. 564.) The
Jami' is again mentioned lower down as a work in 85 chapters applied by the author
to rectify or elucidate the Persian era. He added to it a supplement in illustration
of each chapter of the Jami' entitled t*^' ilLor^^^iUt ^ii^ rpj^^ ^.^^^.^ Canon is
called simply jUJi^J^ ^j translated into Persian by Md-b-'Umar-b-Abi Talib at Tabrizi.
This was probably dedicated te Adljad 'ud Daulah Alp Arslan lord of Khorasan who had
condescended to accept this title from his creatare the feeble Kaim bi amri' llah at
Baghdad. Hence, I conjecture, the name Ad^adi.
23. Sulayma'n-b- Muhammad. Untraceable. This name does not occur in
one of the MSS. of the Ain.
24. Abu Ha'mid Ansa'ri.
The only descendant of the Au^ars that I can find among the astronomers is Ibn us
8hitir. d. 777 A. H. (1375) j the name was Alau'ddin, patronymic not given. See Haj.
Khal. pp. 557. 566. It is possible that the celebrated Abu ^amid al Ghazzali may be
meant.
26. Safa'ih. Evidently the name of a Canon and not of its author.
26. Abu'l Farah Shira'zi.
27. Majmu'a'. Apparently the name of a Canon mentioned by Hiji Khalifa.
auctore Ibn Shari'. ( y^ L^O oollecta de astrologia judioiaria.
28 Mukhte'r^^^^l^b^l/I V^ U^ J^^\ auct. Shaikh Abu Mansiir
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Stkimaii b. al Qosam-b-fiar^owaih. Another work of the same name (Dilectos e
Ubrifl eleotlonis diemm, astrologicae) was composed by the physician Aba Na^r Ya^^ya
b. Jaru> at Takriti for Sadid nd Danlah Abn'l Ghan&im Abdii*l Karfm.
29. Abn'l Hasan Tu'si. This name oocnrs in the Fihrist (p* 71) as that of a
aohohur learned in tribal history and poetry. A son of the same name is mentioned as
a diatingaished doctor, bnt there is no notice of his astronomical knowledge.
30. Ahmad-b-IshalL SarakhsL
The name of I^fyaif. does not occur in the genealogy of any Sarakhsi that I can dis-
cover. The text probably refers to Abmad*b-Md. b. at Tayyih, the well known precep-
tor of the Caliph al Mnatadi^d by whom he was pnt to death in A. H. 286 (899) for
rerealing his pupil's confidences. D' Herb, states that he wrote on the EUraytnYfl of
Porphirius, and Albiruni (Chronology) mentions him as an astrologer and cites a prophecy
of his where he speaks of the conjunction of Saturn and Mars in the sign of Cancer.
31. Qhara'ri. Probably Al Faziri. Abu Is\^ik Ibrahim-b-Qabib the earliest
maker of astrolabes among the Arabs, who was the author of a canon and several as-
tronomical works. Fihrist, p. 273, date not giren.
32. Al Ha'ru'ni.
It is difficult in such bald mention of names, where so many are alike, to be sure
of the correctness of allasion. This is, probably, HiLrdn-b-al Muuajjim, an astrologer,
native of Baghdad and an accomplished scholar. His great grandfather was astro-
loger to the Caliph al-Mansur and his son Yahya served al Fadhl-b-Sahl in the same
capftcity, died A. H. 288 (901). Ibn Khali. IV. p. 605.
33. Adwa'r i Kira'in (Cycles of conjunctions) the name of a Canon whoso
author I cannot discover.
34. Ya'ku'b-b-Ta'u's.
I may safely hazard the emendation T^ik (OX^) for 'fiuB, This astro-
. nomer is mentioned by Albirdni. Ham. Purg. gives his date A. H. 218 (833) and a
Hst of his works apparently copied from the Fihrist, p. 278.
86. Rhwa'razmi.
HQba>mmad<b-Mti8a, by command of al M£mun, compiled an abridgment of the
Sindhind (Siddh&nta) ; better known as a mathematioism than as astronomer— see Se-
dniot, I. zvi. He was the author of a Canon according to the Fihrist, p. 274.
86. Yu'sufl. The secretary of Al M6mtin, Abu*t Tayyib-b-'Abdi'Uah is the only
name I discover in this relative form. The Fihrist, (p. 123) mentions no astronomical
works of his. Perhaps, Yusnf-b-Ali Thatta (1043) or Ibn Yiisuf al Ma^i^i may be
meant : the text is too vague to determine accarately.
87. Wa'fl— the work of Ulugh Beg " fi Mawdfi ul aa'mil nn Najdmiya, (de
tnmsitibus operationum astronomicarum) is the only ^itle approaching that of the text
that I discover.
38. Jauzharayn — Jauzhar the Arabic form of Gauzhar, is the head and tail
of Draco. The two points in the Ecliptic which mark its intersection by the orbit
of a planet in ascent and descent, are called its Nodes or two Jauzhars — (Istila^&t u'l
Punoon, arts. »-*ii and -ik^^) , There is a Canon called Jbj^arf^*^ ^ de motu
TOO capitis et caudoe draconis, by Shaikh Ibn ul Kidir al Barallusi — see Haj-Khall
pi56L
89. Sama'a'ni. D'Horbelot mentions under this surname Abu Saa'd Abdu
2
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Earim Mnl^ammad, ibe author of a work on Mathematics entitled Ad&b fi ist'im&l il
Hisdb. A. H. 506 — 62. The Fihrist p. 244, records another Sama'^n as a commen-
tator on the Canon of fPtolemy, and a third Ibn Sama'dn, the slave of Abn Ma'shar, and
author of an astronomical work.
40. Ibn Sahra.
The variants of this name suggest its doubtful orthography. Ibn Abi Safari
\iS^^ i^* i:^* ) is mentioned by Ham. Pxirg. as an astrologer of Baghdad whose
predictions were fortunate. He lived in the latter half of the century, 132 — 232, (749 —
846) the most brilliant period in the annals of Arab literature.
41. Abu'U Fadhl Ma'sha'llah, incorrectly Mdshd^a in the text.— Born
in Al Man?ur'8 reign, he lived to that of Al Mdmun. His name " What God wills ** is
simply a rendering of the Hebrew Mischa. The Fihrist calls him Ibn Athra /c^ I lo^
and notes his voluminous writings, copied by Ham. Purg. B. III. 257.
42. 'Aa'simi— untraceable.
43. KabiY of Abu' Ma'shar— a native of Balkh, a contemporary and envious
rival of Al Kindi. — At first a traditionist, he did not begin the study of astronomy tiU
after the age of 47. He died at Wdsit exceeding the age of 100, A. H. 272, (885)— An
astronomer and astrologer of great renown. In the latter capacity, he paid the pen-
alty of success in a prediction by receiving a flogging at the command of Al Musta'in ;
upon which his epigram is recorded *^y^ ^-S-^^L " I hit and got hit." Thirty-
three of his works are named in the Fihrist, p. 277. He was known in Europe as Albu-
maser and his works translated into Latin, see Sachau's Albiruni (Chronol.) p. 375, —
also Haj. Ehal. art. z{j.
44. Sind-b-'Ali. See note p. 8.
45. IbnAVlam Do. p. 4.
46. ShahryaYa'n.
This Oanon occurs in Albiruni (Chronol.) with the addition of the word Sh^h. —
Sachau confesses his ignorance of it. Haj. Khal. gives a Canon called Shahrydr which
is well-known — translated into Arabic by At Tamimi from the Persian. Fihrist, 244. v.
also Sachau' s preface to Albirtini's India, p. xxx.
47. Arkand. — In Albiruni called "the days of Arkand." The more correct
form according to Reinaud, Memoire sur 1' Inde., p. 322, would be the Sanskrit Ahar-
gana — See Sachau's note p. 375 of Albiruni's Chronol. from which I quote.
Albirdni made a new edition of the Days of Arkand, putting into clearer words
and more idiomatic Arabic, the then existing translation which followed too closely the
Sanskrit original.
48. IbnSu'fl.
Al Shaikh Md. b. Abi'l Fatl^ as Sufi al Mi^ri wrote an epitome of the Canon of
Ulugh Beg with additional tables and notes. It was with reference to this epitome that
the work of Al Barallusi, Bihjat ul Fikr fi Hall is Shams Wal ^amr was written, of which
the Jaazhar, one of its three parts, is alladed to in 38.
49. Sehela^n Ka^shi.
Sehelan, Sehilan or Ibn Sehil&i according to D'Hei-belot was the name of the
Minister of Sultdn ud Daulah of the Buyide family, whose enmity with his brother
Mushraf ud Doulah was due to the policy or personal feeling of that Btatesman. A
canon might have been published under his patronage and name.
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50. Ahwa^. D*Herbelofc allndes to seyeral authors nnder this name ; odo a
oommentator on Euclid. The Fihrist names M4-b-l8^d^ al Ahwazi, without date.
He appears to have written on agriculture and architecture.
61. The 'XJru'8 of Abu' Ja'far Bu'shanji.
Bdshanj, according to Yakdt (Mu'jam il Bnldiin) is a small town about 40 miles
from Herat, which has g^ren birth to some eminent scholars, but I can find no astro-
nomer among them.
62 Abu"! Fath— Shaikh Abu'l Fat^ as Sufi who amended the tables termed
Samarcandi. Haji Khal, 566. III.
63. A'kkali Raliibi- untraceable.
54. Masa'u'di. — The Canon Masudious is extant in 4 good copies in Earopoan
Ubraries, and waits for the combination of two scholars, an astronomer and an Arabic
pbilogist, for the purpose of an addition and translation, v. Saohau, pref. to Alb.
India, p. xvi.
55. Mua'tabar of Saisjari. The surname of Abu'l FatI; Abdurrahman,
called the ti^asurer ; he was a slave of Greek origin, in the service of A'li al
Ehizin al Marwasi and much in his favour. On the completion of his Canon, the Sultan
Sanjar sent him a thousand dinars which he returned. Haj. Khal. III. 564.
56. Waji'z-i-Mua'tabar is doubtless, as its name imports, an epitome of the
foregoing.
57. Ahmad Abdu'l Jali'l Sanjari, author of two treatises on stellar
inflaences. D'Herbelot mentions him as an astrologer of note, but adds no particulars.
58. Muhammad Ha'sib Tabari.
Untraceable.
'^ These are names of tables which I do not find men-
tioned. By the term Taylasin is meant a paradigm
69 'Adani. ,
AA mi ' -t I Blowing astronomical calculations, in the shape of half
* /K >• * ^ an oblong quadrangpilar field divided by a diagonal. It
' -^..^^ / . is named after the form of the Scarf (Taylas&n) worn
by learned men in the East. A model will be found in
Albirdni's Chronology. (Sachau), p. 133.
63- Sulta'n *Ali Khwa'razmi Ali. Shah-b-M<j[-b-il KAsim commonly known
as 'Ala'uddin Al Ehwdrazmi, the author of a Canon called Shdhi — the royal ; also
of a Persian opitome from the Elkhdni Tables, called the ^mdat ul Elkhdniya. Haj.
Khal. p. 665, III.
64. Fa'khir 'AU Nasabi.
The variants indicate a corrupt reading — untraceable.
65. The 'Alai of Shirwa'ni. Fariduddin AbuM ^lasan Ali-b-il Karim as
Shinrani, known as Al Fahhad, eminent among the later astronomerF, the author of
•ereral canons besides the one mentioned — See Haj. Khal. p. 567, in two places.
There are two other Canons called 'Alai. H. K. 556-7.
66- Balliri— var. Z^hidi— untraceable.
67. Mostawfi — mentioned by Haj. Khal. without author's name.
68. Muntakhab (Seleotus) of Yazdi.
69. Abu' Basa' Yazdi.
Tasd is a town between Naysabur and Shiraz. I find no record of either the
i or the astronomer.
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70. Kaydu'^rah.
71. IkliOi.
Al Ikin ia the 17th Lnnar Station — three stars in the head of Scorpio. I infer
from the absence of any mention of saoh astronomers that these canons are named
after stars. I can learn nothing of ^ydorah.
72. Ka%iri~perhaps called after Nibim*d-DanlaJli- b-Qamdin, temp. Mntii bi'llih,
A. H. 394. (946 A. D.)
78. Mulakhkhas. (Simunariom).
74. Dastu'r. Dasttir n*l Ami fi Tafl^i^^ il JadwaV—a Persian commentary by
Mal»mdd-b-Mahd.-b-Ki4hiz^a (known as Menem Chelebi, (tr^ in H. K. and D'-
Herb.) of the Canon of Ulogh Beg. See H. K. p. 660, III. and Sedillot, civ. I.
76. Murakkab. (Compositns).
76. Miklamah. (Oalamarinm).
77. 'Asa'. (Bacnlns).
78. Shatsalah. Var. Shashtalah.
79. Ha^il. (Gommodnm).
80. Khatal. A name of N. China : its people possessed an Astronomical
Calendar in common with the Aighnr Tribe, ▼. D*Herb. Art. Igor.
81. Daylami.
This is a bare list of tables of whose anthers there is no certain record. Two of
them, Kha^i and Daylam point to the oonntries where they were in yogpie. Knblai
Khan the brother of Hnlika after his conqnest of China, introdnoed into the Celestial
Empire the astronomical learning of Baghdad, and Cocheon-king in 1280, receired
the tables of Ibn Tunas from the hands of the Persian Jamila'ddin. For the extent
of Chinese science at this time, see SediUot. ci. I.
82. Muf^ad. (Simplex) of McL-b-Ayyub.
This Canon is in H. K. withont the anther's name.
83. Ka^mil (Integer) of Abu Bashid.
There is a commentary of the ShdmU of al Bdzj&ni by Qasan-b-Ali al Ij^nnm^ti,
entitled the K&mil, mentioned in H. K. p. 565. III.
84. Elkha'ni.
There are the tables of Na^fm'ddin fusi.
85. Jamshi'di. Ghiy£thn*dd£n Jamshid together with the astronomer known
as K&dbiz4dah, assisted Ulagh Beg in the preparation of his Canon. The former died
dnring the beginning of the work, the latter before its completion. H. K. 659.
D*Herbelot (Art. zig. Ulng. Beg.) reverses this order and asserts that Jamshid finished
it. I snspeot that he has copied and mistaken the sense of H. K.
86. Gurga'ni. Another name for the Canon of Ulngh Beg. See Sed. p. cxiz.
Whatever they set down, year by year from an astronomical table, as
to the particular motions and individual positions of the heavenly bodies^
they call an Almanac. It embodies, in fact, the diurnal progression of a
planet from its first entrance into Aries to a determinate point in the
ecliptic, in succession, and is in Hindi called pairah. The Indian sage
considers astronomy to be inspired by divine intelligences. A mortal
endowed with purity of nature, disposed to meditation, with accordant
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harmony of condnct, transported in sonl beyond the restraints of sense
and matter, may attain to such an elevation that earthly and divine
forms, whether as nniversals or particularized, in the sublime or nether-
most regions, future or past, are conceived in his mind. From kindliness of
dispoflition and in the interests of science they impart their knowledge to
enquirers of auspicious character, who commit their lessons to writing, and
this writing they term SiddhdrU. Nine such books are still extant ; the
Brahm-Siddhdnty the Suraj'Siddhdnty the 86m-8iddhdnty the Brahcupat-
Siddhdnty inspired by Brahma, the sun, moon, and Jupiter respectively.
Their origin is referred to immemorial time and they are held in great vene-
ration, especially the first two. The Ghu*g-Siddh4nt,^ the NiLrad-Siddhant,
the Pdrdsar Siddhant the Pulast-Siddhimt, the Bashistah.Siddh&nt,^these
five they ascribe to an earthly source. The unenlightened may loosen the
tongue of reproval and imagine that these mysteries acquired by observa-
tion of Stellar movements, have been kept secret and revealed only in
Boch a way as to ensure the gratitude of reverential hearts, but the keen-
sighted and just observer will, nevertheless, not refuse his assent, the
more especially as men of innate excellence and outward respectability of
character have for myriads of years transmitted a uniform tradition.
Among all nations the Nychthemeron^ is the measure of time and
this in two aspects, firstly,. Natural, as in Tur&n and the West, from noon
to noon, or as in China and Chinese Tartary* from midnight to midnight ;
but the reckoning from sunset to sunset more universally prevails. Ac-
cording to the Hindu sages, in Jagmot^ — the eastern extremity of the
^ These iMfc are named after five ce-
lebrated Bishis or Mqiub. The anti-
qnitj of Indian astronomy is a matter
of dispute among the learned. The on-
rioBs inquirer may refer to the 8th Vol.
«f the Asiatic Besearobes where Mr.
Beostley reduces its age, maintained by
HoDsieiir Bailly to date back to the
oommenoement of the Kali Tag, 8102
B, C— to within a few hundred years,
a&d fixes the date of the Siiraj-Siddhint
"-"the most ancient astronomical trea-
twe of the Hindos and professed to
IwM been inspired by divine revelation
VH899 years ago,— to 1038 of oar
<Bk Xr. Bentley is in torn learned-
ly answered by a writer in the Ediiv-
♦■Tf* Review for July 1807. Sir W.
Jones' essay on the Chronology of the
Hindus may be read in conjunction
with the preceding papers, r. Alb. India,
Gap. XIY. where the names of the Sid-
dh&nts and their sources are difPerently
given.
' This term for the twenty-four hours
of light and darkness was used by the
later Greeks and occurs in 2 Cor. zi.
25. vwjce^ifMpop 4v t5 /9v0» vcvoiijjca
Its precision of meaning commends its
use which Sachau has adopted.
• jiyki\ is the name of a Chaghtai
tribe eponymously applied to this
country, see D'Herb. Art. Igur and
the observations thereon Vol. IV, p. 300.
* Cf Albiriini's India, Edit. Sachau.
p. 133. Cap. XXVI. This word should
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globe, they reckon it from sunrise to sanrise ; in Rdraak — ^the extreme
west, from sunset to sunset ; in Ceylon, the extreme south, from mid-
night to midnight and the same computation obtains in Dehli : in Sadh-
pur, the extreme north, from noon to noon. Secondly, the Equated also
called Artificial, which consists of a complete revolution of the celestial
sphere measured by the sun's course in the ecliptic. For facility of cal-
culation, they take the whole period of the sun's revolution and divide
equally the days thereof and consider the fractional remainder as the
mean of each day, but as the duration of the revolutions is found to vary,
a difference between the natural and artificial day arises. The tables of
Al-Battani assume it as 59 minutes, 8 seconds, 8 thirds, 46 fourths, 56
fifths and 14 sixths. Those of Elkhdni make the minutes and seconds
the same, but have 19 thirds, 44 fourths, 10 fifths and 37 sixths. The
recent Gurgd.ni tables agree with the Khwajah^ up to the thirds, but give
37 fourths, and 43 fifths. Ptolemy in the Almagest accords in minutes
and seconds, but sets down 17 thirds, 13 fourths, 12 fifths and 31 sixths.
In the same way ancient tables record discrepancies, which doubtless
arise from varying knowledge and difference of instruments. The cycle
of the year and the seasons depend upon the sun. Prom the time of his
quitting one determinate point till his return to it, they reckon as one
year. The period that he remains in one sign is a solar month. The
interval of the moon's departure from a given position to its return thereto
with the sun in conjunction or opposition or the like, is a lunar month.
And since twelve lunations are nearly^ equal to one annual revolution of
the sun, they are called a lunar year. Thus both the year and the month
be " Jamk<5t.'* Albirdni qaotes from the
Siddhdnta. The 4 cardinal points men-
tioned are given as the names of 4 large
towns — the globe is described a spheroid,
half land, half water : the mountain Mfm
occupies the centre, through which the
Equator (Nalkash) passes. The Nor-
thern half of the mountain is the abode
of angelic spirits, the southern that of
Daityas and Nags and is therefore
called Dai tan tar. When the sun is in
the meridian of Miru, it is midday at
Jamk<5t, midnight at Bumak and even-
ing at Saddpur. The latter name is
spelt by Abiruni with a double d. See
a map of this peculiar geographical
system prefixed, to Qladwin's transla-
tion of the Afn and in Bloohmann's
text edition, following the preface.
* Na?iru'ddin fusi, author of the El-
khani tables.
* A synodical month, the interval
between two conjunctions of the sun
and moon, is 29 d. 12 h. 44. m. It waa
founded on the most obvious determi-
nation of the moon's course and fur-
nished the original month of the Greeks,
which was taken in round numbers,
at 30 days. By combining the course
of the sun with that of the moon, the
tropical year was assumed at a rough
computation to consist of 12 unations
or 360 days. See Astron. of the An-
cients, Lewis, p. 16.
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are solar and lunar : and each of these two is Natural when the planetary
revolutions are regarded and not the computation of days, and Equated
when the computation is in days and not in the time of revolution.
The Hindu sage divides the year, like the month, into four parts,
allotting a particular purpose to each. Having now given a short
account of the night, the day, the year and the month which form the
basis of chronological notation, we herein set down somewhat of the
ancient eras to complete our exposition.
Era of the Hindus.
The creation of Brahma is taken as its commencement and each of
his days is an epoch. They assert that when 70 kalps are completed, each
consisting of 4 Yugs^ and the total of these being 4,320,000 years, a
Mann appears. He is the offspring of the volition of Brahma and his co-
operator in the creation. In each of his days fourteen^ successive Manns
arise. At this time which is the beginning of the 61st year of the age of
Brahma, there have been six Manus, and of the seventh, 27 kalps have elapsed,
and three Yugs of the 28th, and of the fourth Yug, 4,700 years. In the be-
ginning of the present Yug, B^jd Judhishthira conquered the universe
and being at the completion of an epoch, constituted his own reign an
era and since that time to the present which is the fortieth of the Divine
era, 4,696 years have elapsed. It continued in observance 3,044 years.
After him Bikramajit* reckoned from his own accession to the throne and
thns in some measure gave relief to mankind. Ho reigned 135 years. In
this year 1652 years have since then gone by. They relate that a yoath
named Sdlbdhan,^ was victorious through some supernatural agency and
* Fta., the Satya or Krita, Treta,
Dwapar and Kali j the first comprises
1,728,000 years J the second, 1,296,000,
the third, 864,000, the fonrth 432,000—
being a total of 4,320,000.
* The first is Svayambhuva (as sprung
from Svayam-bhu, the self-existent,)
the author of the famous Code : the
nett five are Svarochesha, Uttama,
Timasa, Baivata, Chakshusha; the
terenth is called Yaivasvata, or the
Snn-bom and is the Manu of the pre-
inrt period,— conjectured to be Noah,
as the first is thought to be Adam.—
FHnsep'a Useful Tables.
* Thia era to which the luni-solar sys-
tem is ezoInsiTely adapted is called
Sanvat, Vulg. Sambat. It began when
3044 years of the Kali Tug had elapsed,
». e., 67 years before Christ, so that if
any year, say 4925 of the Kaii Yug be
proposed and the last expired year of
Vikramaditya be required, subtract 3044
therefrom and the result, 1881, is the
year sought. To convert Samvat into
Christian years, subtract, 57; unless
they are loss than 58 in which case
deduct the amount from 68 and the
result will be the date B. C. This era
is in general use throughout Hindustan
properly so called. — Useful Tables, Part
II, p 26.
• Salivdhan, a mythological prince
of Deccan who opposed Vikramaditya
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took the B&J& prisoner on the field of battle. Since the captive was
not deserving of death, he treated him with consideration and asked
him if he had any request to make. He replied that thongh all his desire
was centred in retirement from the world and in the worship of the
one Supreme Creator, he still retained the wish that his era might not
be obliterated from the records of the age. It is said that the boon
was granted, and although he introduced his own era, he did not
interfere with the observance of tho other. Since this era, 1517 years have
expired, and they believe that it will continue in use for 18,000 years more,
after which Rajah Bijiydbhinandan will institute a new era from his
own reign which will last 10,000 years. Then N4g4 Arjun will come to
the throne and promulgate another era which will continue for 400,000
years, after which Kalki,^ whom they regard as an avatar, will establish
a fresh era to last 821 years. These six are considered the principal eras
and are called Sdkd, for there were many epochs and each termed
" Sanpat."* After the invasion of Sdlbdhan, the era of Bikramdjit was
changed from " Sdk4 " to " Sanpat." After the expiration of these six, the
Sat^ Yug will re-commence and a new epoch be instituted.
The Hindti astronomers regard the months and years as of four kinds —
1st, " Saurmis," which is the sun's continuance in one sign of the Zodiac,
and such a year consists of 365 days, 15 ghajris,^ 30 pals, and 22^ hipals ;
2nd, " Chdndramds," which is computed from the first day of the moon's
increase to the night of the new moon. This year is of 354 days, 22
ghafis^ and one * paV The beginning of the year is reckoned from the
entry of the sun into Aries. This month consists of 30 lunar days
raja of Ujjain. His capital was "Pra-
tislitli&na on the Godaveri. The Siki
era, dates from his birth and commen-
ces on the Ist Bysdkh, 3179. K. Y. which
fell on Monday, 14th March, 78 A. D.
Julian style. -Ibid. p. 22.
* Vishnu, in his future capacity of
destroyer of the wicked and liberator
of the world. This is to constitute the
tenth and last avatar and is to take
place at the end of the four yugs. He
is to re-appear as a Brahman, in the
town of Sambhal, in the family of Vish-
nu Sarmd.
• Properly * Sanwat.* Sdkd signifieB
an era or epoch and is generally applied
to that of Salivdhan.
• The text is here in error. The full
stop after o^ nullifies the sense. It
should be omitted together with the alif
of OwMif The sentence is then complete
and the raeaniog obvious and consistent.
vSaaw is the ordinary Persian translite-
ration of the Sanskrit ^f^.
• A ghafi is 24 minutes, a pal 24
seconds, a bipalf a second. This would
give 6 hours, 12 minutes and 22^ se-
conds, whereas according to our calcu-
lation, it should be 5 hours, 43 m. 47i8.
very nearly. 8aur and Chandra sig-
nify * solar ' and * lunar * — Mds is a
* month.*
• This minus the 'pal' is our cal-
culation exactly.
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{tUhi). Each twelve degrees of the moon's course, reckoning from its
departure from conjunction^ with the sun is a Hthi : and from the slowness
or speed of the moon's progress there is a difference in the number of
gh€tris from a maximum of 65 to a minimum of 54. The first, tithi is
called Pariw4 ; the second Diij ; the third Tij ; the fourth Chauth ; the
fifth Panchami^ ; the sixth Ghhafh ; the seventh Saptamii^ ; the eighth
Ashtami^ ; the ninth Naumi^ ; the tenth Dasmin ; the eleventh Ek^dasi ;
the twelfth Duiulasi ; the thirteenth Tirtidasi ; the fourteenth Ohaudas :
the fifteenth Piiranmdsi ; and from the 16th to the 29th, they use the same
names up to the 14th. The 30th is called Am&was. From Pariwd the
1st to the 15th they call Shuklapachoh, and the other half Kishnpachch.
Some begin the month from the 1st of Kishnpachch. In their ephemerides
generally the year is solar and the month lunar.
And since the lunar year is less than the solar by ten days, 53 gkafia
29 pals and 22^ hipalsy on the calculation of a mean rate of motion of thet
nm and moon, the difference, after 2 years, 8 months, 15 days and 3 gharis,
would amount to one month, and according to the reckoning in the ephe-
meris would occur in not more than 3 years or in less than 2 years and one
month. According to the first calculation, there is this difference in every
twelve months and in such a year they reckon one month twice : according
to the latter system, in every solar month when there are two conjunctions ;•
and this must necessarily occur between Chait and Kn&r (dsin) and
does not go beyond these seven months. They term this intercalary month
Adhik (added), vulgarly called Laund.^
The third kind of month is Sawan Mds. They fix its commencement at
any day they please : it is completed in thirty days. The year is 360 days.
' The year oommenoes at the tme
imtant of conjnnotion with the sun and
mooiijthat is on the new moon which
immediately precedes the beginning of
the solar year, falling, somewhere
within the 80 or 31 days of the
H^ month Chaitra. The day of oon-
jnnciion (amdvasya) is the last day of
the expired month ; the first of the new
month being the day af tor conjunction.
The titkit are computed according to
^Sppannt time, yet registered in civil
tiaae. For the comprehension of this
perplexing notation I refer the reader to
the Useful Tables, Part II, p. 24.
* When two new moons fall within
3
one solar month, the name of the cor-
responding lunar month is repeated,
the year being then intercalary or con-
taining 13 months. The two months of
the same name are distinguished by the
terms ctdhika (added) and nija (proper
or ordinary). U. T. p. 23.
* As the place of the sun's and moon's
apogee, the equinoctial precession, and
the obliquity of the ecliptic are neces-
sary, among other subordinate bases of
calculation, for the true computation of
the lunar days, I leare the verification
of the text to the possessors of this
knowledge.
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The fonrtli, Nacbhattar, is reokoned from the time the moon quite
any mansion to her return thereto. This month consists of 27 days and
the year of 324.
The number of the seasons is, with them, siz^ and eacb tbey call
Bitu. The period that the sun remains in Pisces and Ai*ies, they term
Basant : this is the temperate season : when in Taurus and Gemini^
Qirekhamy the hot season ; in Cancer and Leo, Batrkha^ the rainy season ;
in Virgo and Libra, Sard^ the close of the rainy season and the beginning
of winter ; in Scorpio and Sagittarius, Hemanty winter ; in Capricomus
and Aquarius, Shishra, the season between winter and spring.
They divide the year likewise into three parts : to each they give
the name of Kdly beginning from Phigun. They call the four hot
months Bhupkdl; the four rainy months Barihakdl and the four cold
months Sttkdh Throughout the cultivable area of Hindustan, there are
but three seasons. Pisces, Aries, Taurus and Gemini are the summer ;
Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, the rains; Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricomus
and Aquarius, the winter. The solar year they divide into two parts*
Tne first beginning with Aries to the extreme of Virgo they term
Uttargoly which is the sun's progress to the north of the Equator, and from
the beginning of Libra to the extreme of Pisces, BakkhangSl, the sun's
course to the south of the Equator. Also from the first of Capricorn to
the end of Gemini, they call Uitardyany the sun's northern declination
(the summer solstice) : and from the 1st of Cancer to the end of Sagittarius
Bachchhandyany or the sun's southern declination (the winter solstice).
Many eyente, occurring in the first of these divisions, especially death,
are deemed fortunate.
The Nycthemeron they divide into 60 equal parts and to eacb they
give the name of ghaUs, more commonly ghari, Eacb ghaj^ is subdi-
vided into the same number of parts, each of which they call pal. In the
same way they apportion the pal, and each part they term ndri and also
hipal. Each ndri is equal to six respirations of a man of an equable tem-
perament, undisturbed by running, the emotions of anger and the like.
A man in good health respires 360 times in the space of one ghart^
and 21,600 times in a Nycthemeron. Some afi&rm that the breath whioh
is respired, they term Swds and that which is inspired Parstodgy and
both together they called a pardn. Six pardns make a pal, and 60 pcUs
a gharu An astronomical hour which is the 24th part of a Nycthemeron
^ Of two sidereal montbii each, the
nooession of which is always the same :
hat the yicissitiides of climate in them
will depend upon the position of the
equinoctial oolnre.— U. T. II, 18.
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k equal to 2^ ghafts, Each night and each day if again divided into 4
parts, each of whioh ia oalled a pahr, bnt these are not all equal*
The Khafdi era.
They reckon from the creation of the world, which in their belief took
place 8,884 Wans and 60 years preyiona to the present date. Each Wan
m 10,000 years. They belieTe that the duration of the world will be 300,000
ITofw^-according to some 360,000. They employ the natural solar year
9iDd the natural lunar month. They begin the year from the sun's mid
passage though Aquarius. Mat^'u'ddin^ Maghrebi places it at the
16th degree, others between the 16th and 18th> They divide the Nycthe-
meron into 12 Ohdghs. Each of which is subdivided into 8 Kehs,
and to every one of these they give a different name.
They divide the Nycthemeron also into Feneks. For this computa-
tion of time they have three cycles, viz^ 8hdng TFan, Jung Wang^ and
Khd Wan^ each comprising 60 years and each year of the cycle is deOued
by a double^ notation. The revolution x)f the cycle is marked by a series
^ He was a distinguished philosopher
axid mathematictAn in the servioe of the
Saltan of Aleppo. Somamed al Itfngh-
r^ from his having been edaoated in
Spain and Africa. On the taking of
Aleppo by Huli^, he was spared in
the name, and for the cause of science
associated in A. H. 658 with Nasir-
a'ddinf^i in the superintendence of
the obserratory at Moriigha, and shared
in tiie composition of the Elkh&ni tables.
D'Herbelot.
• See D'Herb. {Vol. IV. p. 42.) on
this Bomeaclatore and his tables of the
ojdes.
• The word J*V may also grammati-
oallj bat in point of fact less accurately
apply to the cycle. The following ex-
fbaation taken from the Useful Tables
vffl efaioidate the text. They have two
Mtiet of words, one of ten and the other
flf twelve words ; a combination of the
tot words in both orders is the name
of the lot year : the next in each series
tn taken for the 2nd year, and so to
tU lOfeh; in the 11th, the series of 10
being exhausted, they beg^ again with
the first combining it with the
eleventh of the second series : in the
12th year, the second word of the first
series is combined with the twelfth of
the second : for the 18th year, the third
word of the first list with the first of
the second list is taken, that list also
being now exhausted. Thus designa-
ting the series of 10 by Roman letters,
and that of 12 by italics, the cycle of
60 will stand thus.
laa
21 ai
41 ae
2bb
22 bk
42 bf
dec
23 cl
43cg
4dd
24dm
44dh
6 ee
25 e a
45ei
6ff
26fb
46fk
"^gg
27 go
47 gl
8hh
28 hd
48hm
9ii
29 ie
49 ia
10 kk
30 kf
50 kb
Hal
31 ag
61 a 0
12 bm
82 bh
52 bd
13 ca
33 oi
53 ce
14 db
34 dk
54df
L.
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of ten and a series of twelve symbols. The first is employed for the nota-
tion of the year and the daj ; the second is similarly applied and is like-
wise horary. By the combination of these two series, they form the cycle
of 60 and work ont detailed calculations.
The Turkish Era.
Called also the Aightiri. It is similar to the foregoing, except that
this cycle is based on the series of 12, They reckon their years and days
after the same manner, but it is said that some astronomical tables also
employ the series of 10. The commencement of their era is unknown.
Abu Baihdn (Albirdni) says^ that the Turks add nine to the incomplete
Syromacedonian yeai*s and divide it by 12 : and in whatever animal the
remainder terminates, counting from the Sign of the Mouse, the year is
named therefrom. But weighed in the balance of experiment, this is
found wanting by one year. The intention, undoubtedly, is to carry tbe
remainder down the animal signs of the series, and, beginning from the
Mouse, to adopt the name of the animal in which it terminates. Although
the commencement of the era is unknown, yet we gather sufficient informa-
tion regarding the year of the cycle and its name. And if 7 years be
added to the imperfect years of the Maliki era, dividing by 12, whatever
15 eo
35el
56 eg
16 fd
36 fm
66 fh
17 go
87 ga
57 gi
18hf
38hb
58 hk
19 ig
89 io
59 il
20kh
40kd
60km
The Beries of 10 is designated in China
by the name of tien lean or celestial
signs. Their oharacters and names are
1. K4a, 2. yih, 8. ping, 4. ting. 6.
woo. 6. he, 7. hang, 8. kin, 9. jin.
10. letoey.
The series of 12 are the horary cha-
racters and are named teche, terrestrial
signs, they are as follows :
1. tsxe, 2. chow. 3. yin, 4. moon. 5
shin, 6. 8ze. 7. woo. 8. we, 9. shin,
10. yew, 11. seo, 12. hoe.
These characters being substituted
for their equivalent letters in the cycle,
will show the Chinese name of every
year ; for example. Kea U»e is the first
year. Kong yin the 27th. Their months
are Innar of 29 and 30 days. Their years
ordinarily 12 months, but a 13th added
whenever there are two new moons,
while the son is in one sign of the
Zodiac, which occurs 7 times in 19
years. The first cycle, according to the
Jesuits, began in February 2397 B. C. ;
we are now, therefore, in the 72nd
cycle, the 28th of which will beg^
in 1890. To find the Chinese time,
multiply the elapsed cycle by 60, and
add the odd years : then if the time be
before Christ, subtract the sum from
2398 ; but if after Christ, subtract 2397
from it ; the remainder will be the year
required.
* This reference I have not been able
to trace in Albirdni's Atl^ar ul Bi^ya,
or his India.
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remains is the yeai* of the animal reckoning from the Monse. This will
prove correct according^ to the following series.
Names of the twelve years of the Cycle,
1. Sijkdn, the Mouse. 2. (Ti, the Ox. 3. Pdrs, the Leopard. 4.
Tamshkdn the Hare. 5. LSty^ the Dragon. 6. Y*ildn, the Serpent. 7.
Tunty the Horse. 8. J^u, the Sheep. 9. Btj, the Ape. 10. Takhdkuy the
Cock. 11. YU, the Dog. 12. TonA;ti« the Hog. They add the word el to
each of these words, which signifies year.
The Astrological Era*
The astrologers reckon from the Creation and assert that all the
planets were then in Aries. The year is solar. According to their calcnla-
tioo, from that time to the present 184,696 years have elapsed.
The Era of Adam.
Its beginning dates from his birth. The years are solar, the months
lanar. According to the Elkhiini tables, 5,353 solar years have elapsed
to the present date. But some of those possessing a book of divide
revelation make it 6,346 solar years ; others 6,938 solar : others again,
6,920, solar, but according to what has been reported from learned
Christians, it is 6,793.
The Jewish Era.
Begins with the creation of Adam. Their years are natural, solar r
their months, artificial, lunar. They reckon their months and days like
the Arabians according to an intermediate system. The year is of two
kinds, viz.t Simple,* which is not intercalary, and Composite, in which an
* These 12 signs of the Zodiac ex-
acUj correspond with the animals in
the series of the Japanese Cycle given
in the Useful Tables, bat the yemaonlar
names are different. The calculations
based on them are vaguely stated : in
llbir^ni's Chronology, some informa-
tkm may be obtained from the Bules
for the reduction of Eras. Chapters YI
and yn may be read by the curious,
bat will be understood only by the
isamed. See also D'Herbelot art.
Cbagathai and the interesting obaerva.
tions thereon, followed by tables of the
denary and duodenary cycles, in Vol. IV,
p. 43.
* }y^ from J^ to pass or cross.
Albiriini says that the Jewish leap year
is called 'Ibbdr ('^'JSsy) derived from
Me'uhhereth (^?i^^9) meaning a
''pregnant woman." For they com-
pared the insertion of the supernume-
rary month, to a woman's bearing in her
womb a foreign organism, ChronU
Sach. p. 63.
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interoalal^ion is effected. Like the Hindus they intercalate a month
every three years.^
The Era of the Deluge.
This era is computed from this erent ; the year is natural, solar, the
month natural, lunar. The year begins from theentiy of the Sun into Aries,
Abu Ma'shar* of Balkh based his calculations regarding the mean places
of the stars on this era from which to the present year 4,696 years have
elapsed.
The Era of Buhht Noffar^ (Nehtichadnezzar).
This monarch instituted an era from the beginning of his own reign.
The year is solar, artificial, of 365 days without a fraction. The month.
* Or 7 month* in 19 loBftT ye*r«. Of.
Albirdni'8 Ohronology, p. 13 where
the Jewish Lnni-solar year is discussed.
The Jews usually employed the Era of
the Seleucides till the 15th century,
and though some insist on the antiquity
o^^heir present era, it is generally be-
lieved to be not more ancient than the
eentnry named. They date from the
Creation which they number at 8,760
years. Their year is luni-solar, of 12
or 13 months each and each of 29 or 80
days. The civil year commences with
or immediately aiter the new moon
following the equinox of autumn. The
length of the year of 12 months varies
between 858 and 355 days ; that of 13,
may contain 385. In 19 years, 12 years
have 12 months each, and 7 years 13
months. A table of 19 years is given
in the Useful Tables. The year must
be divided by 19 and the remainder
will show the year of the Cycle. If
there be no remainder, it is the 19th
year. To reduce the Jewish time to
ours, subtract 3761 and the remainder
will show the year. The ecclesiastical
yeflur begins 6 months earlier with the
month of Nls&u. Consequently when
the given year is ecclesiastical, deduct
a year in the date from Nisin to B161
inclusive. Useful Tables, P. II, p. 8.
' Albir^ni chastises what he call*
the follies of this savant <m every op-
portunity. Abu Ma'shar had calculated
on the basis mentioned in the text that
the deluge had happened once in every
180,000 years and would thus continue
to recur. The heavy hand of Albirdni
buries the astronomer under the ruins
of his owu system. See the Chronology,
p. 29.
• Albirtini says that this word in its
Persian form, BUkht-narsij means one
" who laments and weeps ;" in Hebrew,
•* Mercury speaking " as he cherished
sdence and favoured scholars. The
era is based on Egyptian years. This
is not the same king who sacked Jeru-
salem ; there is an interval of 143 years
between the two. (Ohronol. p. 81).
To find the day of any Julian year on
which the year of Nabonassar beg^ins,
subtract the given year, if B. C, from
748 and if A. 0. add to it 747. Divide
the result by 4, omitting fractions, and
subtract the quotient from 67 (♦. e. num-
ber of days from January 1, to February
26— the Ist day of the era being 26th
February 747, B. 0.) If the quotient
exceed 57, add 365, as often as neces-
sary, before subtraction. The remain-
der will be the day of the year given.
The first result before the division by 4
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likewise, is of 30 days and fire days are added at the e!iid of the year.
Ptolemy in bis Almagest computed the planetary motions on this era.
Since its commencement 2,341 years have elapsed.
The Era of Phil^^ (Arrhidmus).^
Galled also Filbos or FilJ^ns. It is also known as the Era of Alex-
ander of Maoedon. It dates from his death. The years and months are
artificial, solar. Theon of Alexandria has based his calcolations of the
mean places of the stars in bis Canon on this Era, and Ptolemy baa
leoorded some of bis observations regarding it, in the Almagest. Of
this period, 1,917 years baye elapsed.
The Coptic Era.*
This is of ancient date. Al Batt&ni states that its years are solar,
artificial, consisting of 365 days without a fraction. The Sulfftni tables say
xncreMed bj a nnit for each 865 added
to 67, will be the year of N. then be-
gfaming. The day of the week may be
known by diriding by 7 — ^if no remain-
to, the day will be Tneiday : if there
be a remainder, the day placed below it
on the following table will be the day
required.
0. 1. 2. ' 8. 4. 6. 6.
Tm W. Th. F. Sa. Sn. H.
The year of K. being giren, to find
when i^ begins. Bnle, Diride by 4r ;
fohtraci quotient torn 57 adding 866^
if neceosaxy, as before; the remainder
win be nnmber of days from Ist Janu-
ary. The given year diminished, as
often as 865 has been added, will shew
the nnmber of Jolian years from 74ff
B. 0. If leu than 748, subtract from
that nmnhtki' and the remainder will b«
tht fear B. 0. s if equal ov more, sub-
tract 747 from it and the remaiader is
A. 0. Useful Tables, P. II, p. 9.
^ Ha was half brother of Alexander
the Great, the son of Philip and a f e-
aiale daasoer, Philinna of Larissa. He
sad his wife Sorydioe were put to death
bf (Hjaspiai B. O. 817. Of Thaoa's life
no partioulara are known, save that he
was the father of the famous and hap-
less Hypatia. His works may be found
in Smith's Class. Diet.
' This is the era of Dioclesian or the
Martyrs i was much used by the Ohris-
tian writers till the introduction of the
Christian era in the 6th century, and ia
still employed by the Abyssinians and
Copts. It dates from 29th August, 284,
the supposed date of Diocletian's assump-
tion of sorereigBty at Chaloedon.
The year consists of 865 days with an
additional day erery 4th year. Diyide
the date by 4 and if 8 remain, the year
is bisextile. The Coptic months are aa
follows :
Coptic. 0. 8.
Thoth. August 29.
Paophi. September 28.
Athyr. October 28.
Cohiao. KoTcmber 27.
Tybi. December 27.
Kesir. January 26.
Phamenoth. February 25.
Pharmouti. March 27.
Pashons. April 26.
Pyni. May 26.
Bpiphi. June 25.
MewMci. July 25.
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that its years and months resemble the Sjro-Maoedonian. It has the same
intercalations, but the Coptic intercalary days precede those of the Syro-
Macedonian by six months.
The Syro-Macedonian Era.
The years and months are artificial, solar, and they reckon the
year at 365} days exactly. In some astronomical observations, the
fraction in excess is less than }. According to Ptolemy, it is 14 m. 48 ».
The Elkhani observations make the minntes the same, bat 32 seconds
and 30 thirds. According to the caJcalations of the Cathayans^ the
minates are the same, and 36 seconds, 57 thirds ; to the recent Gnrgdni
observations, the minntes agree, with 33 seconds ; the Maghrebi has 12
m. : the Battdni, 13 m. 36 s. Mnhiyu'ddin Maghrebi says that some of
the Syro-Macedonian calculations make the fraction more than a qnarter,
others less than a quarter, and thus a quarter has been taken as the
medium. Others assert that the Syro-Macedonians have by observation
determined the fraction to be a full i. Consequently it is a natural solar
year, although Mulla 'Ali Ktishji^ makes it a solar year even on the first
mentioned basis. This era dates from the death of Alexander the second,^
BicomutuSj but was not employed till 12 years after his death. Others
assert that he established it in the 7th year of his reign when he set out
from Macedonia, his kingdom, bent on foreign conquest. Mnhiyu'ddin
Mughrebi on the other hand, states that it began with the reign of Seleucns
{Nicator) who founded Antioch.^ This era was in use both with the
Jews and Syrians. They relate that when Alexander the son of Philip
marched from Greece to the conquest of Persia, he passed through Je-
rusalem. Summoning the learned Jews of Syria he directed them to
discontinue the Mosaical era and to employ his own. They thus answered
him. " Our forefathers never observed any era above a thousand years
and this year our Era will complete the thousand ; from next year, there-
fore, thy command shall be obeyed." And they acted accordingly. And
this took place in Alexander's 27th year. Some maintain that this Gre-
The additional days are called by the
modem Copts, Nisi, in common yeazs,
and Kehiis, in leap years. To reduce the
years of this Era to those of the Cbris-
tians, add 283 y. 240 d. When the Dio-
clesian year is the year after leap year, it
begins one day later than nsaal, and in
consequence, one day must be added to
the Christian year, from 29th Aognst to
end of February following. Useful
Tables.
* V. p. 12.
' Anno. 1445. Sedillot. Proleg. olr.
• Properly III.
^ Besides the capital of Syria, he ia
■aid to have founded 15 other cities
of this name, called after his father.
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oianera is of Hebrew origixL Knshyir^ in his Jimi* says that there
k no difference between the Syro-Macedonian and the Syrian era, except
in the names of the months. The Syrian year begins on the Ist day of
Tishrin nl Awwal. This happened formerly when the san was in the 4th
degree of Libra, and now falls on the llth> With the Syro-Macedonians,
tbafe date is the 1st of K4ndni i S&ni, when the snn is near the 20th degree
of Capricorn. Battani mentions this era^ as beginning with Philip, father
of Alexander Bicomntus, but that he called it after his son to exalt his
fame ; and he has based on it the calculation of the mean places of the
planets in his Canon. Of this era 1905 years have elapsed.
The Augustan Era,
He was the first of the Roman Emperors^. The birth of Jesus
Chnst happened in his reign. The era begins with his accession. The year
is the same as the Syro-Macedonian, and the months are Coptic ; the last
month in the common years has 35 days and in leap years 36. Of this
era 1623 years have elapsed.^
* V. p. 8.
' Another reading is 15th. Gladwin
has I6th.
• There is a diacrepincy among chro-
nologera as to the commencement of
this era. So-ne deteikmine it to the let
October 312 B. 0. (W. Smith, 01. Die.
art Selene): the U. T. places it, 311
y. 4 m. B. C. The Syrian Greeks began
their years in September, other Syrians
in October : the Jews, abont the antnm-
nal eqninox. It is nsed in the book
of Maccabees and appears to have begnn
in Niflibi. Supposing it to begin on 1st
September 312, B. 0. ; to rodace it to
onr era, subtract 311 y. 4 m. The follow-
ing are the months nsed by Greeks and
Sfrians, according to the U. T. :
Syrian. Macedonian, English.
Eldl. Gorpioeas. September,
Tishrin I. Hyperbere- October,
teens.
„ 11.
Dins.
November.
Kandnl.
Appellaens.
December.
„ n.
Andynoens.
January.
Sfaiiba^
Peritins.
February.
Ai&T.
Dystms.
March.
Nisin.
Xanticns.
April.
Ayir.
Artemisins.
May.
Hazirdn.
DsBsins.
June.
Tamfiz.
Panoemus.
July.
Ab.
Lona.
August.
* Albirdni says that the word OaBsar
in Latin, means, " he has been drawn
forth after a cutting has been made'
alluding to the death of his mother in
parturition and his birth by means of
the *' Csesarean operation," from which
he received his name. An ingenious
though fictitious etymology from ewdo.
* The Spanish era of the Cassars is
reckoned from 1st January, 38 B. 0.,
being the year following the conquest
of Spain by Augustus. It was much
used in Africa, Spain, and the south of
France. By a Synod held in il80, its
use was abolished in all the churches
dependent on Barcelona. Pedro IV of
Arragon abolished it in 1350. John of
Oastile in 1382. It continued to be used
in Portugal till 1455.— U. T.
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The Christian Era.
Begins with the birth of Jesns Christ. The year consists, like the
Syro-Macedonian, of 365 d. 5 h. At the end of 4 years, they add a day to
the end of the second month. The beginning of their Nycthemeron is rec-
koned from midnight. Like the Arabians, they name the days of the week,
beginning with Snnday. The commencement of their year, some take to
be the entry of the son in Capricorn : others, from the 8th degree of the
same.
The Era of Antoninus of Borne,
It begins with his accession.^ The years are Syro-Macedonian, the
months Coptic. Ptolemy determined the position of the fixed stars in his
Almagest on this era of which 1457 years have elapsed.
The Era of Diocletian^ of Borne.
He was a Christian emperor. The era begins with his accession.
The years are Syro-Macedonian^ the months Coptic ; 1010 years have
since elapsed.
The Era of the Eijra.
In pre-Islamic times, the Arabs had varioos eras, such as the bnilding
of the Ka'bah, and the sovereignty of Omar^ b. Babii'a to whom was due
» A D. 138.
• The name in the text is U^J^^^
with a variant wy^th^^' Diocle-
tian. Abnl Fail evidently meant Constan-
tine, bat probably following the text of
Albir6ni, (Ohronol) he copied the heading
of the Era of Diocletian, withont noticing
in the body of the passage, the change
of name to Oonstantine, as the 1st Ohris-
tian Emperor. The nnmber 1010 is an
error. Gladwin has 1410. If Abnl Fazl
counts from the era of Diocletian A. D.
284, the intermediate years would be
about 1810; if from A. D. 324, the date
of Oonstantine's sole mastership of the
empire 1270, if from his proclamation as
Emperor by the legions in 306, the num-
ber would be 1290. His father Constan-
tins was proclaimed Gsesar by Diocle-
tian in A. D. 292.
• An error for 'Amr-b-Lohayy-bom
about 167 A. D., was king of ^ijis ; for*
his genealogy see Oaus. de Perc. Essai
Sur I'hiit. Arab. Tabl. H, Vni,
The great tribe of KhudLa'h traee their
descent from him. Whilst at Bal^i in
Syria, he had seen its inhabitants prac-
tising idolatry : their idols, they ayerred,
protected' and faronred them, gp^anting
rain at their prayers. At his request
they presented him with the idol, Hobal,
which he set up in Mecca and introduced
its worship. It was made of red agate
or cornelian and represented an old maa
with a long beard. " Quam pulchre con-
yenit figmento isti nomen suum," says
Pococke. (Spec. p. 97) " utsit ^^H ^a»**"
tcu" He also brought two other idols,
Asaf and Nailah in the figure of a man
and a woman and placed them upon
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ihe rise of idolatry in Hijaz, and this continued in nse till the year of
the Elephant,^ which they, in turn, observed as a fresh epoch. Every
Arab tribe constituted any important event in their history, an era. In the
iome of the prophet this thread of custom had no coherence, but from the
date of the Hijra, they gave each year a special name. Thus that year was
called the ' year of Permission," that is, the permission to go from Mecca to
Medina. The second year was named the " year of Gommaiid,*' i. e i^ to fight
the unbelieyers.* At the accession of the second Oaliph (Omar), AbuMusa
Asha'ri,^ governor of Faman made the following representation: '^Your
despatches have arrived dated the month of Shab&n. I cannot dis-
cover what date is understood by Shftbdn." The Caliph summoned the
learned. Some of the Jews advised the use of their era. The sage Hdr-
rnuz^n^ said ; " the Persians haye a computation which they call Mdhroz "
and this he explained. But as there were intercalations in both, and their
skill in calculation was slight, he did not accept either but adopted the era
of the Hijrah. The month according to their system is reckoned from the
sight of one new moon, after the sun has completely set, till the next is visible.
It is never more than 30 nor less than 29 days. It sometimes occurs that
four successive months are of 30 days, and three of 29. Chronologers put-
ting aside calculations based on the moon's appearance, reckon lunar months
maanta Safa and Merwa. The following
referenoes deal fully with this subject.
Poc. Spec 90 et seq. Caus. de Pero. I,
223. Shahraatani, p. 434. Sirat ur
Baadl. Ibn Hish&m, p. 50. Sale, Prel.
Disc. Eur. p. 14. The same error in
the name Babia' occurs in Albiruni
Clinmol. p. 89.
* 570 A. D. the year in which Maho-
med was bom, and the name of which
commemorates the defeat of Abraha, the
Kthiopian king of Taman. The story is
wen known v. Sale's Kurfin, p. 499.
tesi snr THistoire des Arabes. Caus.
an, de Perceral, I, 268.
• the Srd year was called, the year of
the trial
4th „ „ year of Congratula-
tion on the occa-
sion of marriage.
6th „ „ year of the earth-
quake.
6ih „ „ year of inquiring.
7th „ „ year of victory.
8th „ „ year of equality.
9th „ „ year of exception,
10th „ „ year of farewell.
Chronol. Albirdni, Sa-
chau, p. 35.
* Abd Mdsa Al Asha'ri was one of
the Companions, a native of Kdfah. Ho
joined the prophet at Mecca and was a
convert before the Flight to Medina.
He was also one of the fugitives tb
Abyssinia and including his journey from
Yaman to Mecca, shared in the unusual
distinction of three flights. His reading
of the Kuran was unequalled. He died
at Medina A. H. 50 or 51. Nawawi. Ta-
hzih u*l Asmd.
* Hurmuzan was a learned Persian,
taken prisoner by Abu Mdsa and sent to
the Caliph Omar by whom his life was
spared, though the grace was obtained
with some difficulty. He subsequently
became a convert. Ibid.
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in two ways, viz.y Natural, which is the interval of the moon's departure from
a determinate position, with the snn in conjunction or opposition or the like*
to its return thereto; 2ndly, Artificial; since the motions of the moon
are inconstant and their methodisation as well as an exact discrimination
of its phases difficult, its mean rate of motion is taken and thus the task is
facilitated. In the recent (Ourgdni) tables, this is 29 days, 12 hours and
44 minutes.^ The rule is this, that when the fraction is in excess of half,
it is reckoned as one day. Thus when the excess is over a half, they take
the month of Muharram as 30 days, and the second month 29, and so on
alternately to the last. In common years, therefore, D^i'l Hijjah is 29
days. The mean lunar year consists of 354 d. 8. h. 48 m.« which is less
than a solar artificial year by 10 d. 21 h 12 m. Mirza Ulugh Beg has
based his new Canon on this era of which 1002 years have elapsed to the
present time.*
The Era of Yazdajird,
He was the son of Shahrydr Aparwez* b. Hurmuz b. Noshirwan. It
began with the accession of Jamshid. After him every succeeding mon-
arch renewed its designation by his own accession and Yazdajird also re-
instituted it from his assumption of sovereignty.^ The years are like the
Syro-Macedonian ; but the fraction in excess was reserved till at the end of
120 years, it amounted to a whole month, and that year was reckoned at 13
months. The first intercalation was after Farwardm, and it was called by
the name of that month. Then Urdibihisht was twice counted and so on.
When the era was renewed under the name of Yazdajird, and his authority
terminated in disaster, the continuity of intercalation was neglected.
The years and months are Artificial, solar. 963 years have since elapsed.*
* This is a lunation or synodical
month, the interval between two con-
janotions of the Snn and Moon. The
periodical month, as distingnished from
this, is the time taken in transit by the
moon from any point of the Zodiac back
to the same point : it consists of 27 d.
7 h. 43 m. Hence a Innar month is
sometimes taken in roxmd nnmbers at
28 d. and this is the length of a Innar
month according to the law of England.
Lewis. Astr. of the Ano. p. 20.
' And 86 seconds. Ibid.
• For the prohibition of intercalation
See Albir6ni Sachau.
by Mahomed.
Chronol. p. 74.
* In Albirdni, Shahryar-b-Parwez.
Parwez or Aparwez signifies Viotorions.
All the fiye tables of the Sassanian kings
in the Chronology vary somewhat, bufc
are ag^reed in naming Shahryar as the
father of Parwez, though he is not
placed as a reigning sovereign. The U. T.
however mentions him after Ardeshir
III. A. D. 629.
» A. D. 632.
• " In Persia, since the age of Zoro-
aster, the revolution of the snn has been
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The Mdliki Era.
It is also called Jaldli. The Persian Era was used at tHai period.
Tbroagh the interruption of continnitj in intercalation, the commencements
of the years fell into confusion. At the instance of Snl^dn Jalilu'ddin^
Malik Sh4h Saljiiki, Omar Khayyam and several other learned men in-
stituted this era. The beginning of the year was determined from the sun's
entry into Aries. The years and months were at first Natural, but now the
month is the ordinary Artificial. Each month consists of 30 days and
at the end of IsfanddrmuZf they add 5 or 6 days. Of this era, 516 years
baye elapsed.
The Khdni Era
dates from the reign of Ghdz&n^ Kh4n and is founded on the Elkhdni
tables. The years and months are Natural, solar. Before its adoption the
State records bore date from the Hijrah and the lunar year was current.
By this means the road was opened to grievous oppression, because 31
lunar years are equal to only 30 solar years and great loss occurred to the
agriculturiste, as the revenue was taken on the lunar years and the har-
vest depended on the solar. Abolishing this practice Qhiz&n Khan promo-
ted the cause of justice^ by the introduction of this era. The names of the
month are the Turkish with the addition of the word khdni. Of this, 293
years have elapsed.
known and celebrated as an annual fes-
tival, bat after the fall of the Magian
empire, the interoalation had been neg-
lected: the fractions of minntes and
hours were mnltiplied into days, and the
date of the spring was remoyed from the
ngn of Aries to that of Pisces." Gibbon.
DccL and PaU. Vol. X. p. 867. Ed. 1797.
* A brilliant sketch of his life may be
iwd in Gibbon. I need not multiply
references. " The reign of Malek was
ilhs^ated by the Gelalsean era: and
an errors, either past or fntnre, were
ecnrected by a computation of time,
iriuoh surpasses the Julian and ap-
proaches the accuracy of the Gregorian
style. The Gclalsan era is fixed to the
IHh March A. H. 471 (A. D. 1079) Vol.
X.p.867.
* Ghizin Khia, Maltimiid, eldest son
of Arghun, the 8th from Mangu Khia
son of Jenghiz, of the Moghul Tartar or
Ilkhanian Dynasty of Persia. He as-
cended the throne in A. H. 694 (A. D.
1294) and was succeeded by Ghiisu'ddin
Au-gpiptu Ehudi bandah Muhammad, A.
H. 708. (A. D. 1808). U. T. P. II,
p. 146. A history of Gh&zan Ehin was
written by Shamsu*ddin Mul^ammad al
Kdshi, temp Bnl^in Abu Said. Hdji
Khalifah giv^es the date of the author's
death about A. H. 980. which does not
agree with the date of Abu Qiid in the
U. T.
' A similar act of justice is recorded
of the Caliph al Muatadhid in his re-
form of the Calendar. V. Albiruni,
Chronol. p. 36.
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The Ildhi Era,
His Majesty had long desired to introduce a new computation of years
and months throughout the fair regions of Hindustan in order that per-
plexity might give place to easiness. He was likewise averse to the era
of the Hijra {Flight) which was of ominous signification, but because of the
number of short-sighted, ignorant men who believe the currency of the era
to be inseparable from religion, His Imperial Majesty in his graciousness,
dearly regarding the attachment of the hearts of his subjects did not carry
out his design of suppressing it. Although it is evident to right-minded
people of the world, what relevancy exists between the market-coin of
commercial dealing and the night-gleaming jewel of faith, and what parti-
cipation between this chain of objective connection and the twofold cord
of spiritual truth, yet the world is full of the dust of indiscrimination, and
the discerning are heedful of the fable of the f ox^ that took to flight when
camels were being impressed. In 992* of the Novilunar year, the lamp
of knowledge received another light from the flame of his sublime in-
telligence and its full blaze shone upon mankind. The fortunately gifted,
lovers of truth raised their heads from the pillow of disappointment and
the crooked-charactered, drowsy-vnlled lay in the comer of disuse. Mean-
while the imperial design was accomplished. Amir Fatljiu'llah Shir&zi,^
the representative of ancient sages, the paragon of the house of wisdom, set
himself to the fulfilment of this object, and taking as his base the recent
Gurg&ni Canon, began the era with the accession of his Imperial Majesty.
The splendour of visible sublimity which had its manifestation in the lord
of the universe commended itself to this chosen one, especially as it also
concentrated the leadership of the world of spirituality, and for its cogni-
tion by vassals of auspicious mind, the characteristics of the divine essence
were ascribed to it, and the glad tidings of its perpetual adoption proclaimed.
The years and months are natural solar without intercalation and the Per-
sion names of the months and days have been left unaltered. The days of
the month are reckoned from 29 to 32, and the two days' of the last are
called Boz o Shah (Day and Night). The names of the months of each era
are tabulated for focility of reference.
* Gnlistan I. Story XVI. * What oon-
neotion, Madcap/ they said to him ' has
a oamel with thee and what resemblance
hast thou to it ? * Peace ! ' he answered
' for if the cnrioos should , to serve their
own ends, say " — " This is a oamel," who
would care about my release so as to in-
quire ir.to my condition ?"
» A. D. 1584.
• See Ain Akb. Vol. I, p. 33, Ao.
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0 •
wg
8
Chait
Chanweh Ar^ Ay.*
Zheshewehjlkandi Aj.
Aaith
Bhidov
Knnwir
Kitik
Iffhan
Xiffh
fhSgan
I
Simweh
Harweh
Uweh
Liiweh
Oheweh
Biweh
Kheweh
Shabweh
Shajayweh
Sirweh
3
Oohanj Ay.
Dardanj Ay.
Beshanj Ay.
Altfnj Ay.
Yetinj Ay.
Ssksanj Ay.
Tdkaanj Ay.
Onnanj Ay.
Onbaranj Ay.
Ha^bit Ay.
Tishri
Marhesh-
wan
Kiilew
Tebeth
Shebi^
Adhir
Nisin
lyir
Siw4n ^
Tammaz
Ab
£161
Thoth
Bipeh
H£tor
Eehak
Tdbah
„ Amsh^r Amsh^r
Thoth
B&peh
Hator
Kehak
Tdbah
Barmahit
Barmddah
Bashans
Bonah
Abfb
IMisri
10.
wo
Thoth
Plopi
Athyr
Khawit:
Tybi
Makhir
Phamanoth
Pharmdthi
Pachon
Payni
Epiphi
Meson
u.
12.
13.
14.
16.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Syio-lCa-
oedoman
Era.
li
The Chris-
tian Era.
^1
•S-l
Era of the
Hijrah.
Era of
Yazdijird:
The Ma-
UkiEra.
The
Ehini
Era.
The
Diyine
Era.
TuhruUil
January
Mn^arram
Farwardin
Farwar-
ArimAy
Farwar-
Awwal
Mih. Old
Style
din Mih
. i Jalili
Khani
din Mih
illihi
TMhrfnn'l
Febroary
Safar
Ardibihisht
Ac.
Ac.
&c.
Akhir
M4h. 0. S.
like 18.
Kindn'l
March
Babia' I.
Khnrdid
&c.
AclikeS,
substi-
'^Awwal
i
Mih. 0. S.
with the
tuting
Klninu'l
S
April
Eabia' II.
Tir U&k 0.
Ac.
word
* llihi'
Akhir
d
S.
" Khini"
for
Shebit
£
May
i
Jnmida I.
Amnrdad
Mdh. 0. S.
like 17.
with the
after
"Ay"
"Jalili."
l<4r
"tt
Jane
3
Jam&da II.
Shari^war
word
Inthe4th
o
3
MAh. 0. S.
"Jalili"
month,
Hiifiii
1
July
sS
Bajab
MihrMdh.
after
the word
*tt
0. S.
" Mah."
" Tor-
Ayyfc
1
Aogost
O
Sha'bdn
AbinM^h. ,
tanj"
0. S.
occurs,
HuoriQ
September
^
Azar Mih.
where in
*3
1
0. S.
Col. 3, it
T$mia
M
October
Shaww^l
Day M£h. 0.
is Dar-
s
S.
danj."
Mb
Noyember
1
D^ Ea'da
Bahman
Mdh. 0 S.
AyUl
December
D^i ^ijjah
Isfandirmaz
H
H
M4h. 0. S.
' Theee months are somewhat dif-
fcnot in Albiruni. Chronol. p. 82.
* The choice of yariants in these names
n^ht haye been decided by a reference
to C^esemus : the correct spellings appear
to be relegated to the notes of the text.
' In the Coptic months, I haye follow-
the spelling of Sachau*s Albiruni (Chro-
no). p. 83) and the U. T. p. 10. P. II.
They are to be found also in Mas^udi's
Murdj u^ Pahab. Chap. 65, and in Abdl
Mahisin (Annals) Vol. I, p. 36.
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The events of the world recorded in chronological sequence, are ac-
counted the science of history, and he who is proficient in them, is
a historian. Many writings in this branch of knowledge regard-
ing India, Khafd, the Franks, Jews and other peoples are extant.
Of the Muhammadan sect, the first who in Hijiz occupied himself
with this subject was Muhammad-b-Islji&V)^ *^e^ follow Wahab-b-
Murabbih,* WAlfiidi,* Asma'i,* Tabari,^ Abu A'bdu'Uah Muslim-b-Kutaybah,*
* Author of the well known work
Al Maghdxi toa'a Siyar (ezpeditiones belUose
etbiographisd); he was a native of Medina,
and as a traditionist held a high rank,
and regarded hy Al Bukh&ri and as
Shifa'i as the first authority on the
Moslim oonqnests. He died at Baghdad
A. H. 151 (A. D. 768) other dates (151-
2-3) are &lso g^yen. It is from his work
that Ibn Hisham extracted the materials
for his life of the prophet, v. Ibn Kha-
lakan. Others aooord the honour of being
the first writer on this subject to U*rwah-
b-Zubayr. Haj. Khal. V. '646.
* Was a native of Taman and one of
the " Abn6" ♦. e., a descendant of one of
the Persian soldiers settled there. He
died at $ana'i in Taman A. H. 110. in
Mubarram (April— May A. D. 728)—
(others say in 114 or 116) at the age
of 90. He was a great transmitter of
narrations and legends. A great part of
the information given by Moslem his-
torians regarding the antislamio history
of Persia, Greece, Taman, Egypt Ac.
comes from him. He was an audacious
liar, OS Moslem critics of a later period
discovered. Ibn Khali. De. SI. IV. p.
672-3.
* Abu A'bdu'llah Mu\^ammad-b-Omar.
Wal^id, al Wi^^idi, a native of Mecca,
author of the well known " conquests" of
the Moslems. He was born A. H. 130
(Sep. A. D. 747) and died on the eve of
Monday 11 Zul ^Jijjah. A. H 207 (27th
April A. D. 823), being then IJladhi of
the quarter of Baghdad, situated on the
west bank of the Tigris ; vxikidi means de-
scended from Wi^d, an ancestor of this
name., I. E. III. p. 61.
« Abu S%id 'Abdu'l MaUk-b-Kuraib al
Asma'i, the celebrated phOologer, a
complete master of Arabic. He was
native of Basra, but removed to
Baghdad in the reign of Hardn ar
Bashid. It is said he knew by heart
16,000 pieces of verse. He was bom
A. H. 122 (A. D. 740) and died at
Basra in the month of $afar A. H. 216
(March— April A. D. 831). Others say
he died at Marw. The voluminous
treatises of this author are detailed by I.
K.
* Ibn Jarir at T&bari (native of T^ba-
restin) author of the great commentary
of the Kurin and of the celebrated his*
tory. He is regarded as an exact tradi-
tionist, born A. H. 224 (A. D. 838-9) at
Amol in Tabarestsn and died at Baghdad
A. H.310(A. D. 923)., I. K.
' A native of Dinawar, some say of
Marw, author of the Kitah uZ Ma'drif and
Addb 41 Kdtib ; the first a work of
general knowledge, from which Eichhoru
extracted his genealogies of the Arabs
published in his Monumenta kistorim
Arahum : it contains a number of short
biographical notices of the early Moslems.
A list of other works will be found in
I. K.'s biography. II. p. 22. He was
bom A. H. 213 (A. D. 828-9) and died
A. H. 270 (A. D. 884). Other dates
given are A. H. 271 and 296 (A. D. 909).
The Addb ul Kdtib or Writer's Guide is
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Aa'tiiam of K&ta^^ Mn^mmad Mnkanna',* HaHm A'li Miskawaih,^
Fakhra'ddiQ Mu^mmad-b-A'li B&M Salaiman Bin&kiti,^ Abd'l Faraj,
remarkable for its long preface, thongh
itself a short work on philology, and was
called by the learned * a preface without
a book/ in contradistinction to Ibn as
Sikkif a work, the Isl4? ul Manti^, a
book without a preface.
* tfuhammad-b-A'li, known as Aa'sim
Eiifi; his work, the Fntiih Aa'thim (H.
E.) is a short account of events from the
death of the prophet to the death of
9as^ at Karbala. It was translated into
Persian by A^mad-b-Md. Mustaufi : a
copy of it is among the MSS. of the
Aaiatic Society. In this latter the name
is spelt with a u^ instead of «^
* This name occurs in the Hamibah.
A poem beginning ij^j* {:H^^i^ U^
W J the 89th of the " Bih til Adab»' is
by Al Hukanna' al Kindi. Freytag gives
hbname from the Scholia as Muhammad-
b-Ohmaisah. He is said to have been
oaUed Mu^anna' from the veil he wore
to protect the beauty of his person. He
sqaandered his wealth in lavish gifts
and in the time of the Omayyads was
still living, of much accoxmt with his
people, but in poverty. This single
poem scarcely deserves to place him in
therdl ml Arab writers of note. The
variant Mvkaffa^ must refer to Ibn al
MnlalEa'. He was known as the Kdtih
or Secretary and was the author of some
oeiebrated epistles. He also translated
KaHla and Damna into Arabic. He was
Seentary to fsa-b-A'li, uncle to the
Hut two Abbaside Caliphs, as Saff&h and
al Ifaiifdr. His horrible death by order
cf the governor of Basra, Sofyin-b-
Itewtjrah al Huhallabi may be read in
Bai-KhalL It occurred in A. H. 142 (A.
iX 789-<K)). The latter states that some
<Ckii poetry may be found in the Ha-
5
misah. He is evidently confounding
him, with Mnkanna' above mentioned.
According to H. E. the Tarikhu*! Furs,
an ancient history of Persia by an un-
known author and the principal source of
the Shahnimah was translated from the
Pehlevi into Arabic by Ibn al Mukanvna*
I suspect Mukafla' is the right reading.
* Abu A'U A^mad-b-Miskawaih, a
Persian of good birth and disting^hed
attainments. He was treasurer to Malik
Adhd'ud Daulah-b-Buwaih, who placed
the utmost trust in him. He was the
author of several works. Abdl Faraj
relates (Hist. Dynast, p. 328) that
Avicenna consulted him on a certain ab«
struse point ; and finding him slow of in-
telligence an<\ incapable of solving his
difficulty, left him. His death is placed
about A. H. 420. Haj. £hal. makes it
421 (A. D. 1030.) The latter mentions
one of his works. TajdribM-Umum wa
Tavxikih u*l Himam (evperientuB popu-
lorum et stvdia animorum) of much re-
pute.
* BiniUdt is placed by Ya^iiit (Mua'ja*
mid BuLddm) in Transoziana. He is the
author of the Baudhat ul Albdb (viri-
darium cordatorum) a compendium of
Persian history. He lived tempore Jin-
ghiz Khan and wrote on the history of
the Khi^ kings at the request or com-
mand of Sult&n Abu Said Bahildur.
H. K. See Elliot's Bibl. Index to Mu-
bammadan Historians India p. 70.
* The well known author of the His-
toria Dynastiarum, bom A. D. 1226 ; and
died 1286 according to Chaufepi^. Po-
cocke and D'Herbelot briefly allude to
him ; Bayle at some length, whose pyni-
oism enlivens if it does not add to the
value of his notes.
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Im&dn'ddin-b*Kathir,i Mal^addasi,' Ab6 Hanifah Dinawan,' Mait^aiixuiiaa-
b-'Abdu'llah Maea'tidi,* Ibu Khall4k4n,» TAfa'i,*^ Abd Na^r Utlii;^
amongst the Persians, Firdansi, Tdsi, Ab61 Husain Bailiak,^ Ab6l
> The H&fidh rm&da'ddm, Ism&il-b-
A'bda'Uah ad Dimashki died in A. H.
^4 (A. D. 1872). The name of his his-
tory is 'Al Biddyah waH Nihdyah {ini'
Hum et Jmia) and is continned to his
own time. See H. E.
• There are seyeral of this name. See
D*Herb. art. Mocaddes. Shamsn'ddin
^Abda'llah was the author of a geography
entitled. — Ahsanu'l tdksdn fi Ma*r%fcUi'la
hdUmy a description of the seven climates,
died A. H. 441, (A. D, 1049 : a second,
Hnsfimuddin Md.-b:-A'bnl W61?id au-
thor of a work on judicial decigions ; died
A. H. 648 (A. D. 1245) ; a third, probably
the one alluded to, 6hah&b(idd£n Abu
Ma^m^id as ShAfa'i author of the work
MvihCruH Qha/rdm ila* ZidratU K^ds wdl
8hdm (liber cupidinem esseitans Hiero-
solyma et Damascum visendi.) He died
in 765, (A. D. 1863). H. K.
* Abd Hanffa A^mad-b-Daud ad
Dinawari, author of a work Isldh u'l
MarUik (emendatio sermonis). He died
290 (A. D. 902). H. K.
♦ The author of the Murfij ud Pahab.
(Prata Auria) which he composed in the
reign of the Caliph Mutia BilUh. It
begins with the creation of the world,
and is continued through the Caliphs to
his own time. He died in Cairo iu 846.
A. H,(A. D. 957). See D'Herb. andH. K.
• • The famous biographer: his work
the Wafaydtu*l Aa^ydn containing the
lives of illustrious men is well known.
It was composed in Egypt under Sultan
Baybars of the Mameluke dynasty. He
has given a few particulars of his life at
the close of this work which was finished
in A. H. 672 (A. D. 1278-4). He was bom
in 608 (A. D. 1211) and died in 681 (A.
D. 1282). D'Herb. and H. K.
• A'bd'ullah.b-Asa'd al Ylfa'i al
Yamani, died 768 A. H. (A. D. 1366).
He wrote the Mirat u*l Janin wa I'brat
u*l Yakdh&n (speculum cordis et ex-
emplum vigilantis), a historical work
beginning with the Flight and continued
to his own time. Another is the Bau-
dhatu'l Rid^in (viridariumhyacinthorum)
containing lives of Moslem saints. This
last is not mentioned by H. K. cf.
D'Herb.
' Author of the Tarikh Tamini which
contains the history of the Ghaznivide
Sulfcdn Yamfn u*d Daulah Ma^jmud-b-
Subuktakfn of whom he was a contem-
porary : it is brought down to the year
428 (A. D. 10367) : De Saoy haa given
an analysis of it in the 4th Vol. of N&tid€$
et extraits. I. K. III. p. 266. Ano-
ther of his name is Al Utbi the poet of
Basra; his surname was drawn from
Vtba son of Abii Sufyin. It also signi^
fies descended from Vtba-b-QhaEin one
of the prophefs oompanions. I. K, III,
107.
^ Abd ^asan' Ali-b-Zayd al Baiha)i
afuthor of the Wishdhi Dwmyatil Koir ; a
supplement to the Dnmyat u'l Ka9r of
al B&kharzi the poet who died. A. H,
467. (A. D. 1075). He is mentioned in
I. E. under the latter name ; alpo by H*
K., but his date is omitted ; also as the
author of a work called Tarikhi Baihak*
V. under Tarikh / Baihak, derived from
the Persian baiha, good (6iWn), aoooid-
ing to Yal^ii^ is a collection of 8Sl
villages between Nisabiir and ^4mi8,
there are two others given in H. K. one »
the author of the Arha*(n {quadra^
^enaria de Moribm) Abu Bakr Al»mad-b-
A'lias Shifa'f, died 458, (A. D, 1065) ^nct
Abu'l Mabiain MasaHi4^b-A'U*d-64« (A*
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Bnnan author of the Tirikhi Khnsrawi,! Khwijah AMI Eozl Baihald,'
Al>bfa-b-Mii9aV Al^nad-b-Sayyir,* Abu Isi^lf Bazz'az,^ Hafiiammad
Balkhi,^ Abnl Ka'sim Ka'bi,7 Abul Hasan Fiun,» ^adra'ddin Muhammad
author of the T^ju'l Madsir,^ (corona monumentorum)^ Abd'Abdu'llah
jMJ&ii,w (author of the Tabak4t.i-N*firi), Kabiru'ddin 'Irtti," Abu'l
Kisim Kishi,^ author of the Zubdah (LactU flos), Eliwijah Abti'l
Fail^ author of the Makhzan ul Bal&ghat (pronUuarium eloquentuB
and Fadhiil ill Mul6k (virtiUee pr^ndpum pr(iBitante$),^^ 'Atau'ddin
Jnwainiy brother of the Khawijah Shamso'ddin author of a Diwin, (he
D. Ili9) author of the Al AaHak u'l Ma-
lawtdn {pretiosiores partes diei et noctis)
d. FHerb. art. Baiheki.
* Abu*! ^nsain MniiMimmad-b-Salai-
man Al Asha'ri. the Tirikh KhuBrawi,
ia a history of the Persian kiiigs. H. K.
giTas no fnrther partionlars or date.
' Anthor of a history of the House of
Sahnktikin in sereral volnmes. H. K.
'Author of the Tarlkh KhorMn
H.K.
* Ahmad-b-Sayyir-b-Ayyiib. The m-
fidh| Abn'l J^^asan al Marwazi a tra-
ditjaoist of great repute and accuracy.
Died A. H. 268. A. D. 881. Abn'l Mahi-
■in V. n. p. 46.
' Abd Ish4-Mut^kmmad-b-al Bassis
was the author of a history of Herat.
EK.
* Mnhammad.b.Akil al Balkhi-d-A.
H. Sia (A. D. 928). (Abnl Mahisin H.
p. 236.) anthor of history of Balkh H. K.
' Ahn'l Ximm AH-b-Hal^dd anthor
cf a history of Balkh. H. K. See also
I.K.n.p.21.
*Abdl Qasan, A'bd'n'l Ghifir-b-
loBa'fl Al Firm, anthor of the Bijik
AfsiUtdrikh l^iaabdr (cursus orationis
%ipsDdiz ad historiam Nisabtro). He
4M A. H. 687 (A. D. 1132.) H. K.
.tTlda is the Persian History, men-
tetdhj H. K. who gires no further
•'^Tte Tabakdti N£«iri is on the
«xpeditioui of K^ifim'ddin
Ma^mud Sh&h-b-ntamish of Delhi. The
name of the anthor is Abd Omar, Othman-
b-Mubammad al Minhd], Sirhdj al Jdsjdni.
So it ooonrs in the author's own preface
to his work which has been printed un-
der the superintendence of Captain Nas-
sau Lees. The name is sometimes writ-
ten,but apparently incorrectly as Jurjin :
the latter city is placed by Ti^ut between
Tabarist&n and Ehor£s£n, while Juzjin
is an extensiye distract between Balkh
and Marward^* See Oapt. Lees' preface
for an account of this anthor.
*^ Son of Tdjn'ddin IMd, who wrote
of the conquests of Sult&n A'Uu'ddin
Khilji. He was a skilled rhetorician,
and writer ; see a slight sketch of him
in the Tarikh Firoz Sh&hi. (p. 861) of
ZilLuddin Bami.
*' Abn'l ^sim Jam&lu*ddin. Mubam-
mad-d- A. H. 886 (A. D. 1482), author
of the Znbdatn't Tawiirikh, in Persian.
H. K.
^ Abd'l Fadbl Ubaidn'llah H. K. (In
Bandhat us Safa, 'Abdullah).b.Abi Nasr
Abmad-b-A'U-b-alMfkill ; both the works
mentioned are historical. H. K, refers
to the Bandhat us Safa without further
detail.
.^^ D'Herbelot and the Bandhat give
the name A'lin'ddin A'ta Malik al
Juwaini ; the anthor of the Jahdn JTu-
ihd a Persian history; no other parti-
culars are stated.
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wrote the Tarikh Jahinkushi, Eistoria, orhis terrarum victrim) Hamda'Uah
Mufltaufi ^Cazwini,! Kidhi Nidhim Bay^hAwi,* Khwajah-Rashidi Tabib,»
H&fiz Abm,* and other trustworthy writers.
For a long time past, likewise, it has been the practice to record
current events by a chronogram and to make the computation of years ap-
pear from a single word, a hemistich and the like and this too they term a
date ; as for instance, for the accession of his Majesty, they have devised
the words "Na^rat i Akbar" (^ ^j^) victoria insignia and ''Kim
Baksh" ( cr«^ f^ ). Optatis respondens), but the ancients practised it
little; thus the following was written on Avicenna.^
The Demonstnation of Truth, Abu A'li Sina.
Entered in Shaja* (j*^ 373) from non-existence into being.
In Shasd ( ^-^ 391) he acquired complete knowledge.
In Takaz (yC 427) he bade the world farewell.
* A u thor of the Tarikh Chiz<da (prcBstan-
tissimaeaohistoria) which ranks among the
best general histories of the East, written
for the Wazir Ghiathn'ddin Mn^ammad.
It was first composed in 60,000 verses,
and then tamed into prose about A. H.
730 (A. D. 1329-80). It begins with
the creation and giyes an account of the
prophets, preislamite monarchies, and
subsequent Caliphate to his own time
with the usual digressions in biog^phy,
geography and genealogy. The various
chapters of this work are detailed in
H. K. See Elliot's Bibl. Index, p. 75.,
' Ki^hi Nafiru'ddin Abdu'llah-b-
Omar al Baidh&wi-d-A. H. 684 (A. D.
1286) author of the Nidhimu't Taw&rikh
(Ordo historiarum), a compendium of
Persian history with an account of Mos-
lem dynasties from the house of Umay-
yah to that of Ehw^bazm and the
Mongols. The text has the word Nidhdm
as a name instead of the titles of his work.
• Khwdjah Eaahidu'ddin Fadhlu'llah.
the Wazir (put to death in 718 (A. D.
1318), author of the Jami'u't Taw&rikh
(hietoria universalis)* He began it
just before the death of Gh£sin Khan
A. H.704 (1304. A. D.) fiissaooessor
Khudabandah MutAmmad ordered him
to complete it and preface it with his
name and to add to the history of the
Jingis dynasty, a more general aoooont
of the nations of the world. The full
details will be found in H. K. under art.
^ly^l g;*^. A more extended notice of
the author and his work may be road
in Elliot's Bibl. Index p. 1. Vol. I.
* N6ru'ddfn Lutfullah, al Harawi-b-
A'bduUah, known as ^ifidh Abrd, au-
thor of the ZubdaimH Tawdr0eh composed
for Bai SanJjpar Mirza, an account of the
principal events and strange or extra-
ordinary occurrences recorded in the
history of the world carried down to A.
H. 829 (1426 A. D.) He died in 834
(A. D. 1480). Elliot's Bibl. Index p. 81.
The whole of this series of authors is
taken bodily and in the same order by
Abu'l Pazl from the Baudhatu's Saf£
without acknowledgement.
' Fur i Sfna signifies the same as
Ibn 8ina, The full name of this philo-
sopher is Abu 'Ali Susain-b-'Abdu'lliA-
b-Sina, as Shaikh, ar B&is. He una bom
in Buhk&ra A. H. 870 (A. D. 980) and
died in 428 (1036) at the age of 68. The
length to which these notes have nm
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87
A'fN I.
The Commander of the Forces,
He ifl the vicegerent of His Majesty. The troops and* people of the
province are under his orders and their welfare depends npon his jnst ad-
ministration. He mnst seek the will of God in all that he nndertakes
and be constant in praise and snpplication. He most never lay aside the
oonsideration of the people's prosperity nor suffer his zeal to sleep. He
mnst not be prompt to vain converse or asperity of manner. Vigilance and
the duo distinction of ranks must be his care, especially towards subordinates
near his person and officials at a distance. What is the duty of dependents
must not be committed to his sons, and what these can' perform he should
not execute himself. In all transactions he should confide in one wiser
tlian himself and if he can find none such, he should confer with a few
chosen individuals and weigh carefully their deliberations.
It haps at times, the hoary sage
May fail at need in counsel right, ^
And unskilled hands of tender age
A chance shaft wing within the white. <
He should not admit many men to his secret councils, for the prudent,
sealous, warm, disinterested adviser is rare, lest one of them should pro-
voke dissension, and opportunities for timely action escape. He should
regard his office of command as that of a guardian, and exercise caution,
and making a knowledge of the disposition of men a rule of government,
live as it behoves his office. Levity and anger he should keep under the
res^int of reason. He should reclaim the rebellious by a just insight
into the conduct of affairs and by good counsel, failing which, he should
be swift to punish by reprimands, threats, imprisonment, stripes or amputa-
tion of limb, but he must use the utmost deliberation before severing the
bond of the principle of life. He should not pollute his tongue with abuse
which is the manner of noisy vagabonds of the market place. He should
refrain from the use of oaths in speech for this is imputing falsehood to
himself by implication and distrust in the person he addresses. In judicial
investigations, he should not be satisfied with witnesses and oaths, but
pursue them by manifold inquiries, by the stady of physiognomy and the
ooBipel me to reject information whioh
the leader may easily gather for him-
lelf. The life of Aricenna will be found
m L K. Under art 8ina D*HerbeIot tran-
his life and nnder Canwn the
contents of his famons work on Medi-
cine which has been a mine of know-
ledge and contention to all subsequent
Moslem writers on this subject.
1 Goliath of Ba'di, Chap. UL
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exercise of foresight, nor, laying the burden of it on others, live absolved
from solicitude.
Beware lest justice to that judge belong,
Whose own ill-deed hath wrought the suppliant's wrong.
Let him not inflict the distress of expectation upon supplicants for
justice. He should shut his eyes against faults and accept excuses, and
adopt such a course of conduct as will not disparage his good breeding
and dignity. He should not interfere with any man's creed. A wiso man,
in worldly affairs that are transient, seeks not his own loss, why then should
he knowingly abandon the spiritual life that is eternal, iar if it be true, dis-
turbance is criminal and if otherwise it is the malady of ignorance and is
deserving of kind treatment. Each division of the kingdom, he should en-
trust to zealous upright men and provide for the safety of the roads by the
establishment of trusty guards and from time to time receive reports of
them. He should select for purposes of secret intelligence honest, pro-
vident, truthful and unavaricious men, and if such needful individuals are
not to be obfained, in every afEair he should associate several who are un-
known to each other and inspecting their several reports thus ascertain the
truth. His expenditure should be less than his income, and from his trea-
sury ho should sup])ly the needy, especially those who loose not their tongues
in solicitation. He should never be negligent of the supplies and accoutre-
ments of the troops. He should not refrain from the practice of horse-
manship, and should use the bow and the matchlock and command this
exercise to his men. In attaching individuals to his own person and in
the increase of confidence, he should employ a cautious circumspection.
Many are the evil dispositioned and licentious of nature who profess sin-
cerity and sell themselves at a high price. He should turn his attention to
the increase of agriculture and the flourishing condition of the land and
earn the gratitude of the people by the faithful discharge of his obligations
and account the befriending of the agriculturists as an excellent service to
the Almighty. He should retain impartial collectors of revenue and from
time to time obtain information regarding their actions. Let him store
for himself a goodly reward in the making of reservoirs, wells, watercourses,
gardens, serais and other pious foundations, and set about the repairing if
what has fallen into ruin. He should not be given to retirement nor be
unsettled in mind which is the manner of recluses, nor make a practice
of associating with the common people nor be ever surrounded by a
crowd which is the fashion of blind worshippers of outward appearances.
Court not the world nor to it wholly die ;
Walk wisely : neither phosnix be nor fly.
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Let him hold in honour the chosen seifvants of Ood, and entreat the
assistance of spiritually-minded anchorites and of mendicants of tangled
hair and naked of foot. The imploring blessings from the sun and the
solar lamp, he should not consider as its deification or a worshipping of
fire.^ Let him accustom himself to night vigils and partake of sleep and
food in moderation. He should pass the dawn and the evening in medita-
tion and pray at noon and at midnight. When he is at leisure from worldly
a&irs and introspection of conscience, he should study works of philosophy
and act according to their precepts. If this does not satisfy his mind, he
should peruse the spiritual admonitions of the Masnawi* and regardless
of the letter imbibe its spirit. He should entertain his mind with the
instructive stories of Kalila and Danma, and thus gaining a knowledge of
the vicissitudes of life, regard the experience of the ancients as his own.
Let him apply himself to the cultivation of true knowledge and put
aside childish tales. Let him associate with a discreet and trusty friend
aod give him permission to look carefully into his daily conduct in
order that he may privately represent whatever, in the balance of his dis-
cretion, appears blameworthy and if at any time his penetration should be
at fault he should not be thereat displeased for men have ever been back-
ward in uttering a displeasing truth especially in a season of anger when
reason slumbers and the spirit is aflame. Courtiers, for the most part,
seek pretexts of evasion and lend a false colouring to error, and if perchance
one of them should be really concerned, he will hold his peace for fear,
for he is indeed difficult to find who would prefer another's benefit to his
own injury. Let him not be roused to anger by the representations of
detractors, but rest in the path of circumspection, for men of evil nature,
dissemblers in speech, palm oft their tales with the semblance of truth and
representing themselves as disinterested, labour to injure others. He
should not consider himself as fixed of residence but hold himself ever
ready for a summons to the presence. .Let him not be malevolent, but
prefer courtesy and gentleness. He should not subvert ancient families
hot let an illustrious ancestry redeem unworthy successors. Let him see
thai the younger among his followers when they meet, use the greeting " God
is great,"* and the elder reply * Glorious is His Majesty." Let him not
take as food a sheep or a goat of under one year and he should abstain
from flesh for a month after the anniversary of his birthday. He shall
nol eat of anything that he has himself killed. He should restrict him-
self in sensual gratification and approach not a pregnant woman. The
» See. VoL I, pp. 200-202. | • See Vol. I, p. 166.
* Of Jal^a'ddin Rumi.
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food which is bestowed in memory of the deceased, he should prepare each
year on his birthday and regale the needy.
With heayenly treasures store thy grave — provide*
While yet in life — none may when he hath died.
When the sun advances from one sign of the zodiac to another, let
him offer np a thanksgiving and discharge cannon and musketry to arouse
the slumberers in forgetfulness. At the first beams of the world-illumining
sun and at midnight which is the turning point of its re-ascension, let him
sound the kettle-drum and enforce vigilance.
ATN II.
The Fovjd&r.
In the same way that His Majesty, for the prosperity of the empire,
has appointed a Oommander of the forces for each province, so by his
rectitude of judgment and wise statesmanship he apportions several par-
gaunahs to the care of one of his trusty, just and disinterested servants,
appreciative of what is equitable, and faithful to his engagements ; and
him they style by the above name. As a subordinate and assistant he
holds the first place. Should a cultivator or a collector of the crown lands
or an assignee of government estates prove rebellious, he should induce
him to submit by fair words, and if this fail, he shall take the written
evidence of the principal officers and proceed to chastise him. He should
pitch his camp in the neighbourhood of the body of rebels and at every
opportunity inflict loss upon their persons and property but not risk at
once a general engagement. If the affair can be concluded with the in-
fantry he should not employ cavalry. He should not be rash in attacking a
fort, but encamp beyond bowshot and the reach of its guns and musketry, and
obstruct the roads of communication. He should be vigilant against night
attacks and devise a place of retreat, and be constant in patrolling. When
he has captured the rebel camp, he must observe equity in the division of
the spoil and reserve a fifth for the royal exchequer. If a balance of
revenue be due from the village, this should be first taken into account.
He should constantly inspect the horses and accoutrements of the troops.
If a trooper be without a horse, his comrades should be assessed to pro-
vide for him and if a horse be killed in action, it should be made good at
the expense of the State. He must duly furnish a roll of the troops present
* Sa'di-GnlisUn Preface.
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and absent, to the rojal court and ever bear in mind tbe daty of carrying
oat its sacred ordinanees.
XTN Ul.
The Mir A*dl and the Kdzi.
Although tbe supreme authority and the redress of grieyauoes rests
with sovereign monarchs, yet the capacity of a single person is inadequate
to the superintendence of the entire administration. It is therefore
necessary that he should appoint one of his discreet and unbiassed servants
as his judiciary delegate. This person must not be content with witnesses
and oaths, but hold diligent investigation of the first importance, for the
inquirer is uninformed and the two litigants are cognisant of the facts.
Without fall inquiry, and just insight, it is difficult to acquire requisite
certitude. From the excessive depravity of human nature and its covetous-
ness, no dependence can be placed on a witness or his oath. By impartia*
lity and knowledge of character, be should distinguish the oppressed
from the oppressor and boldly and equitably take action on his conclusions.
He must' begin with a thorough interrogation and learn the circumstances
of the case ; and should keep in view what is fitting in each particular and
take tbe question in detail, and in this manner set down separately the
evidence of each witness. When he has accomplished his task with in-
telligence, deliberation and perspicacity, he should, for a time, turn to
other business and keep his counsel from others. He should then take up
the case and reinvestigate and inquire into it anew, and with discrimina-
tion and singleness of view search it to its core. If capacity and vigour
are not to be found united, he should appoint two persons, one to investigate
whom they call a Kdzi ; the other the Mir A'dl to carry out his finding.
AfN IV.
The Kotwdl
The appropriate person for this office should be vigorous, experienced,
aotive, ddiberate, patient, astute and humane. Through his watchfulness
and night patrolling the citizens should enjoy the repose of security, and
the evil-disposed lie in the slough of non-existence. He should keep a
ragistor of houses, and frequented roads, and engage the citizens in a
pkdge of reciprocal assistance, and bind them to a common participation of
weal and woe. He should form a quarter by the union of a certain number
of habitations, and name one of his intelligent subordinates for its superio-
tendenoe and receive a daily report under his seal of those who enter or
6
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leaTe it, and of wliatever events therein occnr. And he should appoint as
a spy one among the obscure residents with whom the other shonld have
no acqnaintance, and keeping their reports in writing, employ a heed-
ful scrutiny. He should establish a separate serdi and cause unknown
arrivals to alight therein, and by the aid of divers detectives take account of
them. He should minutely observe the income and expenditure of the
various classes of men and by a refined address, make his vigilance reflect
honour on his administration. Of eveiy guild of artificers, he should name
one as guildmaster, and another as broker, by whose intelligence the business
of purchase and sale should be conducted. From these also he should require
frequent reports. He should see to the open thoroughfare of the streets and
erect barriers at the entrances and secure freedom from defilement. When
night is a little advanced, he should prohibit people from entering or leav-
ing the city. He should set the idle to some handicraft. He shonld
remove former grievances and forbid any one from forcibly entering the
house of another. He shall discover thieves and the goods they have
stolen or be responsible for the loss. He should so direct that no one
shall demand a tax or cess save on arms, elephants, horses, cattle, camels,
sheep, goats and merchandise. In every Stibah a slight impost shall be
levied at an appointed place. Old coins should be given in to be melted
down or consigned to the treasury as bullion. He should suffer no
alteration of value in the gold and silver coin of the realm, and its
diminution by wear in circulation, he shall recover to the amount of the
deficiency. He should use his discretion in the reduction of prices and
not allow purchases to be made outside the city. The rich shall not take
beyond what is necessary for their consumption. He shall examine the
weights and make the ser not more or less than thirty ddms,^ In the gasfi
hereinafter to be mentioned, he should permit neither decrease or increase,
and restrain the people from the making, the dispensing, the buying or
selling of wine, but refrain from invading the privacy of domestic life.
Of the property of a deceased or missing person who may have no heir,
he shall take an inventory and keep it in his care. He should reserve
separate ferries and wells for men and women. He should appoint persons
of respectable character to supply the public watercourses, and prohibit
women from riding on horseback. He should direct that no ox or buffalo*
or horse, or camel be slaughtered, and forbid the restriction of persona]
liberty and the selling of slaves. He should not suffer a woman to be burnt
against her inclination, nor a criminal deserving of death, to be impaled,
» See Vol. I, pp. 16, 82, H seq, | • See Vol. I, p. 88. n. and Kin 11 of
this book.
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nor any one to be oironmcised ander the age of twelve. Above this limit of
age, the permission may be accorded. Religions enthusiasts, calendars,
and dishonest tradesmen he should expel or deter from their course of con-
dnct, but he should be careful in this matter not to molest a Gt)d-fearing
recluse, or persecute barefooted wandering anchorites. He should allot
separate quarters to butchers, hunters of animals, washers of the dead, and
sweepers, and restrain men from associating with such stony-hearted gloomy-
dispositioned creatures. He shall amputate the hand of any who is the
pot-companion of an executioner, and the finger of such as converse with his
fiftmily. He should locate the cemetery outside of, and to the west of the city.
He should prohibit his adherents from wearing sombre garments in mourn-
ing and induce them to wear red. From the first till the nineteenth of the
month of Farwardin, during the whole of the month of Abim, the days of
the sun's passage from one sign of the zodiac to another, mz,, the first of
every solar month, the sixteenth of the same, the lUhi festivals, the days
of the eclipse of the sun and moon, and on the first day of the week.
Be shall prohibit men from slaughtering animals, but hold it lawful as
a necessity for feeding animals used in hunting and for the sick. He
shall remove the place of execution to without the city and see that the
Oihi festivals are observed. He shall have lamps lit on the night of the
Kauroz^ (New Year's day) and on the night of the 19th of Farwardin. On
the ere of a festival, as well r.s on the festival itself he shall cause a kettle-
dram to be sounded at each watch. In the Persian and Hindu almanacs,
he shall cause the Il&hi era to be adopted and the beginning of the
month according to the Hindu nomenclature he shall place in Shukla*
pachoh.*
AFN V.
The Oolleetor of the Revenue
Should be a friend of the agriculturist. Zeal and truthfulness should
be his rule of conduct. He should consider himself the representative of
the lord paramotmt and establish himself where every one may have easy
access to him without the intervention of a mediator. He should deal with
the contumacious and the dishonest by admonition and if this avail not, pro-
ceed to chastisement, nor should he be in apprehension of the land falling
waste. He should not cease from punishing highway robbers, murderers and
evildoers, nor from heavily mulcting them, and so administer that the cry
of complaint shall be stilled. He should assist the needy husbandman with
^ See Ain 22, Sod Book. | ' See p. 17 of this book.
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advanoea of monefy and raooTer them gradvally. And when tlurough the
ezartionB of tbe village headman the full rental is reoeived, be ehoold allow
him half a hiswah^ on each highahj or otherwise reward him according to
the meaaore of his services. He should ascertain the extent of the soil in
ooiktiyation and weigh each several portion in the scales of personal observatixui
and be aoqnainted with its quality. The agricultural value of land varies
in different districts and certain soils are adapted to certain crops. He
should deal differently, therefore, with each agriculturist and take his case
into consideration. He should take into account with discrimination the
engagements of former collectors and remedy the procedure of ignorance
or dishonesty. He should strive to bring waste lands into cultivation and
take heed that what is in cultivation fall not waste. He should stimulate
the increase of valuable produce and remit somewhat of the assessment
with a view to its augmentation. And if the husbandman cultivate less
and urge a plausible excuse, let him not accept it. Should there be no
waste land in a village and a husbandman be capable of adding to his
cultivation, he should allow him land in some other village. He should be
jaei and provident in his measurements. Let him increase the facilities of
the husbandman year by year, and under the pledge of his engagements,
take nothing beyond the actual area under tillage. Should some prefer
to engage by measurement and others by appraisement of crops, let him
forward the contracts with all despatch to the royal presence. Let him
not make it a practice of taking only in cash payments but also in kind.
This latter is effected in several ways. First, kanMt : kan in the Hindi
language signifies gr^in, and kut, estimate. The whole land is taken either
by actual mensuration or by pacing it, and the standing crops estimated
in the balance of inspection. The experienced in these matters say that this
comes little short of the mark. If any doubt arise, tbe crops should be
cut and estimated in three lots, the good, the middling and the inferior,
and the hesitation removed. Often, too, the land taken by appraisement,
gives a sufficiently accurate return. Secondly, hatdi, also called bhdoli ;
the crops are reaped and stacked and divided by agreement in the presence
of the parties. But in this case several intelligent inspectors are required,
otherwise the evil-minded and false are given to deception. Thirdly, hhet
h(Udi, when they divide the fields after they are sown. Fourthly, Idng bcUdi;
after cutting the grain, they form it in heaps and divide it among themselrea,
and each takes his share home to clean it and turn it to profit. If it be
not prejudicial to the husbandman, he may take the value of the com-bear-
' The aoth part of a highah.
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vag kad in oash nk the madce^ rate. If onthiakixl thej sow the best kkide
of produce,^ in ^e first year he should remit a fourth of the usual assesa-
ment. If at the time of colkotioD, the better produce is found to be
larger in quantity than the preyious year, but less land cultiyated, and the
riTenue be the same, let him not be provoked or moved to contention. He
Aonld alvrays seek to satisfy the owner of the crops. He should not en-
trust the appraisement to the headmau of the yillage lest it give rise to
leBusaness and incompetence and undue authority be conferred on high-
baaded oppressors, but he should deal with each husbandman, present his
demaod, and separately and civilly receive his dues.
He must take security from land surveyors, assessors and other officers
of revenue. He should supply the officials engaged in the land measure-
nents, for each day on which they are employed, with 16 ddme and 81
<ef», and as a monthly ration, oa the following scale :
Flour. Oil. Grain. Vegetables Ac.
s6r b6t s6r dam
Superintendent of survey, ... 6. J 7. 4.
Writer, ... ... ... 4. | 6. 4.
Land surveyor and four thanadar8,each, 8. 1 „ 5.
He shall affix a mark to the land surveyed and shall take a bond from
the headman that there shall be no concealment regarding the land, and the
various crops shall be duly reported. In the process of measurement if any
inferior portion of land be observed, he shall at once estimate its qnantity,
and from day to day take a note of its quality and this voucher he shall
deliver to the husbandman. But if this discovery be made after the collec-
tion of the revenue, he shall gather information from the neighbours and
from unofficial documents and strike an average. In the same way as the
harhun (registrar of collections) sets down the transactions of the assess-
ments, the mulcaddam (chief village revenue officer) and the pattodrt (land-
steward) shall keep their respective accounts. The Collector shall compare
&ese documents and keep them under his seal and give a copy thereof to
the clerk. When the assessment of the village is completed, he shall enter
it in the abstract of the village accounts, and after verifying it anew,
cause its authentication by the kdrkun and ^mtwari, and this document he
Aall forward weekly to the royal presence and never delay it beyond
fifteen days. After the despatch of the draft estimates to the imperial
oeart, should any disaster to the crops occur, on ascertaining the exact
• twfT 4j*^ guoh as gugar, pan or | inferior crops, suoh as maise.
iottoa ia ooatradiatinotion to t!^*^' cT^
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ptirtioalars on the spot, he shall calculate the extent of the loss and record-
ing it in writing, transmit it without delay in order that it may be ap-
proved or 01 commissioner despatched. He should collect the revenue in
an amicable manner and extend not the hand of demand out of season.
He should begin the collection of the spring harvest from the HoU, which is
a Hindu festival occutring when the sun is about to pass from Aquarius
and is entering or has reached midway in Pisces, and the Autumn harvest
from the Basharah, which is a festival falling when the sun is in the mid-
dle or lasfc ten days of Virgo, or the first ten of Libra. Let him see
that the treasurer does not demand any special^ kind of coin, but take
what is of standard weight and proof and receive the equivalent of the
deficiency at the value of current coin and record the difference in the
voucher. He should stipulate that the husbandman bring his rents himself
at definite periods so that the malpractices of low intermediaries may be
avoided. When fchere is a full harvest, he should collect the appropriate
revenue and accept no adjournment of payments on future crops. Who-
soever does not cultivate land liable to taxation but encloses it for
pasturage, the Collector shall take for each buffalo six ddmSf and for an ox,
three ddms yearly, but for a calf or a buffalo which has not yet calved, he
shall make no demand. He shall assign four oxen, two cows and one
buffalo to each plough and shall lay no impost on these. Whatever is paid
into the treasury, he shall himself examine and count and compare it with
the day-ledger of the kdrkwi,. This he shall verify by the signature of
the treasurer and placing it in bags under seal, shall deposit it in a strong
room and &sten the door thereof with several locks of different construc-
tion. He shall keep the key of one himself and leave the others with the
treasurer. At the end of the month, he shall take from the writer (hitikcht)
the account of the daily receipts and expenditure and forward it to the
presence. When two lakhs of ddms are collected, he shall remit them
by the hands of trusty agents. He shall carefully instruct the patwdri of
each village to enter in detail in the memorandum which he gives to the
husbandman, the amount he receives from the same; any balances he
shall enter under each name in a book and forward it attested by the
signatures of the headmen ; and these, ax) the next harvest, he shall recover
without distress. He shall carefully inspect the suyurghdl^ tenures, sending
* If the word i^^^ be read instead of
U^^ as oconrs in one MS., the ren-
dering will then be " fine gold*' instead of
fipeoialooin.
* An aasignment of land revenue for
charitable purposes : also a grant with-
out stipulation of any condition. See
yoLi,p«27a
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oopiei of tbem to the registry office to be compared. He should ascertain
tiie correctness of the chahndmahf^ and resume the share of a deceased
grantee or one who is an absentee or actually in service of the state. He
should take care that land cultivated by the farmer himself and not by the
tenant, as well as resumed lands, should not be suffered to tsM waste ; the
property of the absentee or of him that dies without an heir he should
duly keep under ward and report the circumstances. He should see that
no capitation-tax be imposed nor interfere with the remission of dues
granted by former governments. He shall not make the occasions of
jonmoying, feasting or mourning an opportunity for exactions, and refrain
from accepting presents. Whenever a mukaddam or pattodri shall bring
money or, advancing to the dais, shall present a ddm in obeisance, he shall
not accept it. In the same way he shall renounce halkatif which is the
practice of taking a small fee from each village when the harvest is ready
for reaping. He shall also waive all perquisites on handicrafts, market-
booths, police, travelling passports, garden produce, temporary sheds, en-
closure, fishing rights, port-dues, butter, oil of sesame, blanketing, leather,
wool, and the like malpractices of the avaricious who fear not God. He
shall provide for the periodic appointment of one among those best ac-
quainted with the district, to reside at the royal court and furnish it
with the minutest particulars. Every month he shall submit a statement
of the condition of the people, of the jdgtrddra, the neighbouring residents,
the submission of the rebellious, the market prices, the current rents of
tenements, the state of the destitute poor, of artificers, and all other
contingencies. Should there be no hotwal^ the Collector must take the
duties of that office upon himself.
AfN VI.
The Bitihchi^
Must be conscientious, a good writer, and a skilful accountant. He is
indispensable to the collector. It is his duty to take from the kani^ngc^ the
' This i« a g^ant of alienated lands
specifying the boundary limito thereof.
GKakt according to Elliot, is a patch of
reiit*free land detached from a village.
■ A word of Torkish origin, signifying
t wiitw OP scribe.
* An officer in each district acquainted
with its cnstoms and land-t«nares and
whose appointment is nsnally hereditary.
He receives report from the paJtwMs of
new cases of alluyion and dilayion, sales,
leases, gifts of land &c. which entail a
change in the register of mutations. He
is a revenue oflBcer and subordinate to
the tahsildir. Gamegy. Kachh. Tech-
nical.
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average decennial state of the village revenues in money and kind, and
having made himself acqoainted with the onstoms and regnlations of the
district, satisfy the Col lector in this regard, and lend his ntmoet assistanee
and attention. He shall record all engagements made with the agrienl-
tnrists, define the village bonndaries, and estimate the amonnt of arable and
waste land. He shall note the names of the mumify the superintendent
the land-surveyor and ikanaddr^ also that of the cultivator and headman,
and record below, the kind of produce cultivated. He should also set
down the village, the pergunnah and the harvest, and subtracting the
deficiency take the value of the assets, or after the manner of the people of
the country, inscribe the name, the kind of produce, and the deficiency
below the date of cultivation. When the survey of the village is complete,
he shall determine the assessment of each cultivator and specify the revenue
of the whole village. The Collector shall take the revenue on this basis,
and forward a copy of the survey, called in Hindi khasra to the royal court.
When drawing out the rolls, if the former documents are not available, he
should take down in writing from the patwdri the cultivation of each
husbandman by name and thus effect his purpose, and transmit the roll to-
gether with the balances and collections punctually, and he shall enter the
name of the tahsUdar below each village, in the day-ledger. He shall re-
cord the name of each husbandman who brings his rent and grant him a
receipt signed by the treasurer. Copies of the rolls of the patwdri and
mukaddam by means of which they have made the collections, together
with the sarkhati that is the memorandum given to the husbandman, he
shall receive from the patwdri, and inspecting them, shall carefully scru-
tinize them. If any falsification appears, he shall fine them and report to
the Collector daily the collection and balances of each village and &cilitate
the performance of his duty. Whenever any cultivator desires a reference
to his account, he shall settle it without delay and at the close of each har-
vest he shall record the collections and balances of each village and com-
pare them with the pattodrTSf and enter each day in the ledger the receipts
and disbnrsemenls under each name and heading, and authenticate it by the
signature of the Collector and treasurer. At the end of the month, he
shall enclose it in a bag under the seal of the Collector and forward it to
the presence. He shall also despatch daily the price-current of mohurs
and rupees and other articles under the seals of the principal men, and at
the end of each harvest, he shall take the receipts and disbursements of the
treasurer, and forward it authenticated by his signature. The abstract and
settlement of the assessment, at the close of each year, he shidl laranamit
under the signature of the Collector. He shall enter the effeote and oatUe
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plundered in any village, in the day-ledger, and report the circnmstances.
At the year's end, when the time of the revenae-collections has closed, he
fiball record the balances dne from the village and deliver the record to
the Collector and forward a copy to the royal conrt. When removed from
office, he shall make over to the Collector for the time being his account
mider the heads of balances, advances &c., and after satisfying him in this
regard, take the detail thereof and repair to the Court.
AtN VII.
The Treasurer.^
Called in the language of the day Fofaddr^, The treasury should be
located near the residence of the governor and the situation should be
such where it is not liable to injury. He should receive from the culti*
vator any kind of mohurs, rupees or copper that he may bring, and not
demand any particular coin. He shall require no rebate on the august
coinage of the realm but take merely the equivalent of the deficiency in
coin- weight. Coinage of former reigns he shall accept as bullion. He shall
keep the treasure in a strong room with the knowledge of the shikddr^
and the registrar, and count it every evening and cause a memorandum there-
of to be signed by the Collector and compare the day-ledger with the regis-
trar's account and authenticate it by bis signature. On the door of the
treasury as sealed by the Collector, he should place a lock of his own, and
open it only with the cognisance of the Collector and registrar. He shall
not receive any monies from the cultivator save with the knowledge of the
Collector and registrar, and he shall grant a receipt for the same. He
shall cause the patwdri^s signature to be affixed to the ledger known in
Hindustan as hakiy so that discrepancy may be avoided. He shall consent
^ Khixinad&r.
' The term fola is applied in Arabic,
to cloths used as waist wrappers
brought from Sind, and the word itself
ii sapposed to be derived from that coun-
try and not to be of Arabic origin. De
Sacy in his Ghrest. Arabe I, 195 quotes
from M. Yarsj that these cloths are
nade in the Levant and Arabia, and are
used for the bath, as veils for women
ind for turbans. He adds, Les pagnes
sont tres-oonnnes dans nos ports
neridionaoz qni font le commerce dn
lerant, aoos le nom de foutes, De la
vient en portogais, Fota. The office
was no doubt originally named from
this distinguishing portion of apparel.
In Marathi, it is termed sifi^K whence
the common name Poddr applied to a
banker, a cash-keeper, or an officer in
public establishments for weighing
money or bullion. See Wilson's Gloss,
' An officer appointed to collect the
revenue from a certain division of land
under the Moghul govern men t ; it was
sometimes applied to the chief financial
officer of a province or to the viceroy in
his financial capacity. — Wilson' sGlossory.
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to no disbarsements without the voncher of the diwdn} and shall enter
into no usurious transactions. If any expenditure should be necessary
that admits of no delay, he may act under the authority of the registrar
and shikddr and represent the case to government. The aforementioned
duties, from those of the commander of the troops up to this point, are
primarily under the direct cognisance of the sovereign authority and as no
one individaal can perform them, a deputy is appointed for each function
and thus the necessary links in administration are strengthened.
Currency of the means of Subsistence,
Since the benefit and vigour of human action are referrible to bodily
sustenance, so in proportion to its purity is the spirit strengthened ; the
body, were it otherwise, would grow corpulent and the spirit weak : the
thoughts too under such a regimen, incline to refinement and actions to
virtue. The seekers of felicity, sober in conduct, are before all things
particularly careful in the matter of food and do not pollute their hands
with every meat. To the simple in heart who fear God, labour is difficult
and their means of living straitened. They have not that luminous in-
sight which penetrating to the essence of things, dwells in repose, but
through fear of the displeasure of God, are sunk in exhaustion of soul from
the pangs of hunger. As for instance in the case of the man who possessed
a few cows, his legitimate property, and subsisted on their milk. By
the accident of fortune, it chanced that they were carried off, and he
passed some days fasting. An active fellow after diligent pursuit brought
them back, but he would not accept them and replied, " I know not whence
those dumb animals have had food during these past few days." In a short
space this simple soul died. Many tales are told of such dull-witted crea-
tures who have thus passed away. There are also avaricious worldlings
who do not recognize the difference between other people's property and
their own, and gratify themselves at the expense of their spiritual and
temporal good. The ignorant and distraught in mind, making their own
necessities an occasion of spoilation and seizure, prepare for themselves
eternal punishment.
Simple, innocent-minded folk consider that there are no unappropriated
waste lands and were they obtainable, it would be difficult to furnish the
implements of cultivation, and if these could be had, the means of providing
* This term was especially applied to
the head financial minister whether of
the state or of a province, being charged
in the latter with the collection of the
revenne, its remittance to the imperial
treasnry and invested with extensive
judicial powers in all civil and financial
causes. — Ibid,
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food which would enable them to labour, are not manifest. They can dis-
coTer no mine to excavate, and if one were pointed out to them which had
no owner, it wonld be extremely onerons to obtain a living therefrom. They
are averse too, from the profession of arms, lest dear life be the exchange
for base lucre. They withdraw themselves also from commerce for this
reason that n^^y ask a high price for their goods, conceal their deficiencies
and praise them for qualities which are not in them, while they close their
eyes to the evident excellencies of what they purchase and disparage it for
faults it does not possess, preferring their own benefit to another's loss.
And they disapprove also of those who are content to hold lawful the
sequestration of the goods of rival sectaries, and they affirm that if the
fautor of such pretension be discerning and wise, it will seem an occasion
for additional anxiety rather than a sanction to retain the property of
another ; for how can the illicit seizure of what is another's be commend-
able on the score of a difference of faith ? On the contrary, it is a sugges-
tion of the evil one, a phantasy of the dreams of the avaricious and unfit
for the ears of the good. At the present time His Majesty has placed a
lamp upon the highway before all men, that they may distinguish the
road from the pitfalls, and sink not into the slough of perdition, nor pass
tbeir dear lives in unprofitableness.
Since there is infinite diversity in the natures of men and distractions
internal and external daily increase, and heavy-footed greed travels post
haste, and light-headed rage breaks its rein, where friendship in this
demon-haunted waste of dishonour is rare, and justice lost to view, there is,
in sooth, no remedy for such a world of confusion but in autocracy, and
this panacea in administration is attainable only in the majesty of just
monarchs. If a house or a quarter cannot be administered without the
sanctions of hope and fear of a sagacious ruler, how can the tumult of this
world-nest of hornets be silenced save by the authority of a vicegerent of
Almighty power ? How, in snch a case can the property, lives, honour, and
religion of the people be protected, notwithstanding that some recluses
have imagined that this can be supernaturally accomplished, but a well-
ordered administration has never been effected without the aid of sovereign
monarchs. That fiery wilderness of talismanic power, too, is haunted by
spells and sorcerers, and storms of confusion from this sea of undiscern-
ment have arisen and arise, and many souls, through simplicity and short-
sightedness, in the turbulent billows of inexperience have been and are
still ever engulfed, while those who by the light of wisdom and through
the grace of acceptance have bridled their desires and garnered prorisions
for the long journey to come, have, in the cross-roads of distraction, become
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the reproach of high and low, for their folly, irreligion and nnhelief. In
that assembly of ignorance should a philosopher of experience enter, he
mast needs take up the fashion of fools and so escape from the contumely
of the base.
It is evident that in all cultivated areas, the possessors of property
are numerous, and they hold their lands by ancestral descenjj, but through
malevolence and despite, their titles become obscured by the dust of un-
certainty and the hand of firmness is no longer stretched above them. If the
cultivator hold in awe the power of the Adomer of the universe and the
Elixir of the living, and the merchant turn back from evil designing and
reflect in his heart on the favour of the lord of the world, the depository of
divine grace, his possessions would assuredly be approved of wisdom. Thus
the virtue of property lies in the pledge of intention, and a just ruler, like
a saltbed, makes clean the unclean, and the evil good. But without honest
coadjutors, abundant accessories of state and a fall treasury even he could
effect nothing and the condition of subserviency and obedience would lack
the bloom of discipline. Now the man of robust frame should, in the first
place, choose the profession of arms and reflect on the assistance which he
is capable of rendering, so as to regard his life as devoted to the task of
preserving human society from dissolution. The means of sustenance are
likewise as abundant to the labourer as forage for his cattle. But if a
man is unequal to this, he should endeavour, in some way, to enter into
the number of state servants. Thas the currency of the means of sub-
sistence rests on a twofold basis, viz,, the justice of sovereign monarohs
and regard to the welfare of well-disposed dependents. The base materia-
list understands not the language of reason and never transcends the
limits of bodily sense. This unfertile soil needs the water of the sword,
not the limpid spring of demonstration. In the presence of the majesty of
the prince, the proud and perverse of disposition sink into obscurity
while the prosperity of the good who seek after justice is ever continuous.
Of a truth, whatever be the recompense of the guardianship over the
four^ priceless elements of the constitution, it is both meet and expe-
dient and according to the Almighty will. To the watchmen over the
house, the lord thereof appoints the guerdon, and to the watchmen of the
universe, its shepherds.^ If the whole of a man's possessions were spent
for the protection of his honour, it would be but fitting if in gratitade he
further pledged his whole credit, how much the more when it is a question
of the guardianship of the four great elements of State polity P But just mo-
* See Vol. I, p. lY. Abal Fasl's pre- I ' i. «., in the Homeric sense, noifjitvt^
oe. I XfiUtfv
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narchfl 6xact not more than is necessary to effect their purpose and stain not
their hands with avarice ; and hence it is that this principle varies, as has
heen stated, according to diversities of age and ooantry. From this suggestive
digression, it will be evident that whatever circumspect rulers exact from
their subjects after due deliberation and to subserve the interests of justice
and grant to their submissive dependents, has a perfect propriety and is
nniyersally in vogue. It is also clear that the maintenance of the soldier
should be ampler and more choice. Next follow the cultivators and then
other artisans. Ancient Oreek^ treatises a£Srm that professions are cir-
cnmscribed to three classes, the Noble, the Base, and the Intermediate.
The former refers to the mind and is, also, of not more than three kinds :
the first concerns the pure intellect, as sagacity and capability of adminis-
tration ; the second, acquired knowledge, as composition or eloquence ; the
third personal courage, as military duty. The Base also is of three kinds ;
the first is opposed to the common weal of mankind, such as the hoarding
of grain : the second is the contrary of any one virtue, as buffoonery ; the third
is such as the disposition is naturally averse from, as the trade of a bar-
ber, a tanner or a sweeper. The Intermediate comprises various callings
and trades ; some that are of necessity,* such as agriculture ; others which
conld be dispensed with, as dyeing ; others again simple, as carpentry and
ironmongery ; and some compound, as the manufacturing of scales or
knives.*
From this exposition the distinguished character of the military pro-
fession is evident. In short, the noblest source of maintenance is to be
fonnd in a profession which is associated with just dealing, self-restraint
and bravery and apart from evil doing and sensuality. The good regard
' The reference is, no donbt, to
Aristotle's Politics z. (^) the tme sense
of whicli . has been lost by filtration
through some Arabic version or para-
phrase.
'Ev dirouracs 8^ ral^ v6\€(nv iari rpia
lUfnj rrj^ ^oXccos, oi ficy eviropoi o-^oSpa,
Si ^ iiFOpoi c^oSpa, 61 S\ rpiroi ol futroi
TovTcw lirct roLvw 6/LtoA.oyctTai ri fter-
pcor Spurray Kai to fitaoy, ^avepov ori
Kol TW fxynixfliMTiav 17 Krrjavi ^ p.i<ni
P^XTtOTTf 7rdvT<ov
The three classes of citizens are dif-
ferently described by Theseus in the
Suppliants of Euripides but the middle
class is there also adjudged to be the
most serviceable to the State, v. Iket.
238.
*. Scvrcpov 8^ TO fcoAov/icvov fiav
avaov &m Sk tovto ircpt Tas revya^
&v av€v irokiv a^vvarov otKcur^oi*
TOVTUiv 8k Ttav t€;(vo)v Tot? fxkv ii avdyicrf^
V7rdpx€iv Set, Tots Sk cis t/dv^^ rj to Ka
Xws &jv* Id. z. (A)
• Perhaps this distinction may lie be-
tween arts and instruments made by the
arts. So Aristotle, ^ (H) j ^ctTaT€xwis,
7oXA(uv yap opydyutv Sctroi ro irjy
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three things as necessary in a profession — avoidance of tyranny, refraining
from what is dishonourable, abstinence from all that is mean ; by what is
dishonourable, is meant baffoonery and the like low pursuits ; by what is
mean, is understood an inclination to base callings.*
When an appropriate means of maintenance is secured, it is a re-
quisite condition of economy to husband a portion of one's means, provided
that the household is not thereby straitened. The mendicant should not
be turned away disappointed nor subjected to the reproof of covetousness
and greed. The proper control of an estate is conditional on the expen-
diture being less than the income ; it is permitted to indulge a little
in commercial speculation and engage in remunerative undertakings,
reserving a part in coin and valuables, a part in goods and wares,
and somewhat invested in the speculations of others, and yet a por-
tion in lands and immoveable estates, and a share may be entrusted to
borrowers of credit, and expenditure regulated with circumspection, justice
and modesty. Let such a one be frank in kis commercial dealings and give
no place in his heart to self-reproach. He should keep in view of his pur-
pose, the will of God, not the hope of gratitude, the increase of reputation
or the expectation of reward. He should also give freely to the needy
whose destitution is unexposed. There is also a twofold manner of muni-
ficence which if exercised in just measure, is meritorious. Firstly, what is
given in pure generosity or largesse such as a present and the like. This
should be done quickly and secretly and without setting store on its ampli-
tude or abundance, nor yet so as to cripple one's resources or exhaust them.
Secondly what is called for by occasional exigencies, either in pro-
curing comforts or removing grievances, such as what is given to oppres-
sors or to the profligate in order that person, property and honour may
escape tbeir injury. But in this he should use moderation. In procuring
the conveniences of life, however, it is better that the bounty should be
liberal.
People of the world in the matter of living are to be resolved into
tbree classes. One class are fallen into such heedlessness that spiritual
needs do not enter their comprehension, much less are practically con-
sidered. Another through their luminous fortune are so immersed in the
consideration of essential truths that they give no thought to their
means of sustenance. But those who seek the felicity to come, the circum-
spect in conduct, neglect not a just appreciation of life but make external
• Aristotle counts among these, the
mechanical and commercial professions.
ouTc jSavavo'OV j3iov ovt' ayopaiov ScZ
irjv Tovs TToXiras* iycw^s yap 6 toioG-
Tos /?tos Kou irpo^ dptrrp^ vTrcvavrtos* A
(H).
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conditions the instrnment of interior well being in the hope of admis-
aion among those absorbed in divine love, and so attaining to the third
degree of felicity, whence after traversing the arid waste of deliverance,
thej may repose in the second.^
The dues of sovereignty have thus been set forth. The circu-
lation of the means of sustenance, thus, is seen to rest on the jus-
tice of prudent monarchs and the integrity of conscientious depen-
dents. And because the conditions of the royal state and prerogative
vary in different countries, and soils are diverse in character, some pro-
ducing abundantly with little labour, and others the reverse, and as ine-
q[ualities exist also, through the remoteness or vicinity of water and cultivated
tracts, the administration of each state must take these circumstances in-
to consideration and fix its demands accordingly. Throughout the whole
extent of Hindustan where at all times so many enlightened monarchs have
reigned, one-sixth of the produce was exacted ; in the Turkish empire, Iran
and Turin a fifth, a sixth, and a tenth respectively. In ancient times a
capitation tax was imposed called, khirdj. Kubdd disapproved of this prac-
tice, and resolved that the revenue should be fixed upon arable land
accurately surveyed. But his death occurred before he could accomplish
his design. Noshirwan (his son) carried it to completion and made the
janb of ten square reeds.* This was sixty royal yards square. One fourth
of this was taken as a kaJW and valued at three dirhams,* and the third part
was fixed as the contribution due to the state, ^aftz is a measure called
also «aa* weighing eight rafl,^ and, some say, more. The dirhem is equal in
weight to one mUkdh When the Caliphate fell to Omar, at the suggestion
of the learned, he adopted the plan of Noshirwdn but through the vicissi-
* That is, according to the theology of
the mystics, the third stage in the pro-
gressiTe spiritual life is the attraction of
tlie soul to God ^1 ; the second is im-
mersion in the Divine love *^* ^; the
rapreme stage is the unitive *^' Cf re-
ierred for his chosen saints.
• In the original, the word kahzah is
written erroneonsly for kofbah which is
corrected in the subsequent page with
the following note. " According to the
glossaries, 6 barleycorns make an aiiba\
(finger breadth) : 4 aaha^ a kabzah : 6
kahzahj a tarda* (cubit): 10 cubits, a
kofkah : 10 kafhah, an aahl : a jarib is 1
square ashl, u e. 10 square kofhah or 100
square cubits. According to the kudd-
mahf 4 aaba* is equal to a lkah:fah, and
10 kabzah a cubit, and 60 cubits an ashZ,
According to this, a jarib would be 60
square oubits."
* A space of ground containing from
about 124 to 144 cubits square. It is
also a dry measure.
* See Vol. I, p. 86.
* This is variously rated at 12 to 16 oz.
At Bombay it is said to be equal to 86
Surat rupees. In the Bed Sea Uttoral
the Eottob, as it is corruptly called,
varies from 10 to 24 oz. avoirdupois.
Wilson's Gloss.
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tudes of temporal conditions, he introdnced some alterations which may be
gathered from ancient volnmes. In Tnran and Irdn from ages past, they
have exacted a tenth, bnt the exactions have increased to more than a half
which does not appear exorbitant to a despotic government. In Egypt
they take for a
Kttddn of the best soil, 3 Ihrahimii
„ „ middling, 2 „
„ „ worst, 1 „
The kuddn is a measnre of land of 100 square reeds, each of which is
equal to one bda\^ An Ibrahtmi is current for 40 hahira and 14 kahirs is
equal to a rupee of Akbar Sh4h. In some parts of the Turkish empire, they
exact from the husbandman 30 Akchehs for everv yoke of oxen. The
Akcheh is a silver coin equal to 81 Ihrahimis. And from crown lands the
demand is 42 Kkchehy and from each soldier 21, besides which the gover-
nor of the Subah takes 15 more. In some parts for each plough 20, and
from each soldier 7 Akcheh, while the Governor takes six. In others, the
Sanjakbegt^ receives 27 and the Subashi (kotw41) twelve. Other systems
are also g^ven which obtain in that empire.
The Mu^mmadans account conquered lands of 3 kinds ; TPshrt, Khirdji
and Sulhiy, The first two are subdivided into five kinds and the last in-
to two. Wahriy 1st, kind ; the district of Tehamah which comprises Mecca,
Taif, Yemen, 0'm£n, Bahrayn.* 2nd, kind ; land of which the owner has
voluntarily embraced that faith. 3rd, Lands which have been conquered
and apportioned. 4th, Land on which an adherent of that faith has built
a mosque or planted a vine or laid out a garden or fertilized it with rain
water ; otherwise other conditions apply. 6th, Waste land which has been
> A fathom— tlie arms extended to
ilieir full reach.
• This word in Turkish, (properly
Sa^Jdlc with the long alif) signifieB a
flag or standard : it also means a minor
province of which several in one Ejalat
^^^if or Government. It is in this latter
sense that the word should probably be
taken, signifying the provincial gover-
nor. An Akcheh is i of a 'pdra and con-
sequently the xb of * piastre or the ^
of a penny ; it is frequently mentioned
under the name of cwper, a corruption of
the Greek equivalent for the proper
Turkish word.
• The text has a word following " Bah-
rayn" which may possibly be read as a
proper name. Either Rabah or Bayah,
but Abu'l Fazl quotes evidently froni
the Fat&wa of ^zi Khan (A. H. 592.
HIij. Kbal.) where the deiinition of the
limits of IPahari are laid down exactly as
in the text with the omission of Babah.
The Fatiwa i A'lamgfri foUows Ifjkxk
Khin. From the variants of this doubtful
reading g^ven in the notes, it is dear
that there is some corruption and per-
haps the yariant of M. S. {^) is oorreot.
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brought idto onltivation by permission of the owner. Khirdji 1st kind ;
Persia proper and Kirmdn. 2nd, Land which a tributary sabject has laid
oat as gronnds ronnd about his house. 3rd, Land which a Muslim has re-*
claimed and irrigates from a source constructed from thb public revenues,
ith, LaLd which has been acquired by convention. 6th, Land cultivated by
means of water that pays revenue. Sulhty^ Lands of the fiani Najrdn and
Bani Taghlib ;^ the details of these may be learnt from ancient documents.
Likewise, in some treatises, land is regarded under three heads 1st, Land
cultivated by Muslims which they deem U'shr.^ 2nd, Land of which the
proprietors have accepted that faith. According to some, this is U^shri,
and others say that it is TJ'shri or Khirdjiy according to the determination
of the Imim. Srd, Land acquired by conquest, which some make Wshri
and others khirdji, and others again affirm that its classification rests with
the Imdm. 4th, Land which those outside the faith retain on convention.
This they call khirdji. Tribute paid by khirdji lands is of two kinds. 1.
Mukdsamah ^divided), is the 5th or 6th produce of the soil. 2. Waztfah^
which is settled according to the capability and convenience of the tribu-
taries. Some call the whole produce of the revenue khirdji and as the
share of the producing body is in excess of their expenditure, the Zakdt^
is taken from the amount under certain stipulations and this they call a
tithe, but on each of these points there is much difference of opinion.
The Caliph Omar, during his time, taxed those who were not of his faith at
the rate of 48 dirhams for persons of condition, 24 for those of the middle
class, and 12 for the lowest class. This was called the Jaziyah (capitation
tax).
In every kingdom government taxes the property of the subject over
and above the land revenue and this they call Tamqha^ In Idm and
* The text has Tha'lab, a misprint.
The details of the sabmission of these
two tribes may be gathered from Canssin
Be Pero. Essoi aur Thistoire des ^rabes.
* This word signifies a tenth and is
the tithe assessed on lands nnder Mas-
Km mle. XTshri are therefore those
lao^ snbjeot to the tithe.
* Wasifah signifies a stipend or any
thing sfcipiilated or agreed npon ; hence,
rerenue collected at a stipnlated or fixed
rate for a certain quantity of land.
WOfon'B Gloss.
* The poor rate, the portion there-
8
from g^ven as the dae of God by th®
possessor that he may pwri/y it thereby,
the root of the word, ^ denoting purity.
The proportion varies, but is generally a
fortieth or 2^ p. c, provided that the
property is of a certain amount and has
been in possession eleven months. See
Lane under JrJ
' The Turkish word meaning a royal
seal or stamp: sometimes written al-
tamgha from the Turkish &I, red. The
word also signifies a royal grant under
the seal of some of the former native
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Tnrdn tbej collect the land tax from some, from others the Jihdt and from
others again the Sdir Jihdt, while other cesses nnder the name of Wajuhdi
and Farua*6t are exacted. In short, what is imposed on cnltiyated lands
by way of qnit-rent is termed Mdl, Imports on manufactnres of respect-
able kinds are called Jihdt^ and the remainder 8dir^ Jihdi. Extra ooUeo-
tions oyer and aboye the land tax if taken by reyenne officers are Wajukdi ;
otherwise they are termed Fwr4a^dt
In eyery conntiy snch demands are tronblesome and vexations to the
people. His Majesty in his wise statemanship and beneyolence of mle care*
fnlly examined the snbject and abolished all arbitrary taxation, disapprov-
ing that these oppressions should become established by custom. He first
defined the gcutf the tendbf and the bighah and laid down iheir bases of
measurement : after which he classed the lands according to their relative
values in production and fixed the revenue accordingly.
AFN VIII.
The IWii Oax,
Is a measure of length and a standard gauge. High and low refer to
it, and it is the desire of the righteous and the unrighteous. Throughout
Hindustan there were three such measures current, vxz,^ long, middling and
short. Each was divided into 24 equal parts and each part called fassuj.^
prmoes and reoognised by the British
Government as conferring a title to rent-
free land in perpetoity, hereditary and
transferable. AHhoogh, perhaps, ori-
ginally bearing a red or pnrple stamp,
the oolonr of the imperial seal or signa-
tnre became in Indian practice indif-
ferent. Wilson's Qloss.
* In its original purport, the word
sig^nifies moving, walking, or the re-
mainder : from the latter it came to
denote the remaining or all other sources
of revenne in addition to the land tax
from a variety of imposts, as customs,
transit dnes, houses, fees, market tax ^.,
in which sense it is current thro«ghoitt
India: the sereral imposts under this
name were abolished by the British
Government, except customs, duties on
spirituous liquors and other minor items.
The privilege of imposiiig local taxes
under the name of Bdir, was also taken
away from private individuals, but it still
applies to various items of the income
from landed property not comprised in
the produce of cultivation, as rent from
fisheries, timber, fruit-trees, bees' -wax
Ac ; it also designates certsin admitted
manorial rights or prescriptive fees and
cesses levied from residents in a village,
or from cultivators by the proprietors,
which have long been established and
are upon the record: the former of
these additions are usually takeif into
account, the latter not, in fixing the
assessment. It is also a tax on personal
property. In Marathi it also signifies
the place where the oust<mis are levied.
Wilson's Gloss.
' This is an arabidsed word from the
Pers. y^ a weight of 4 barley-corns, the
24th part of a weight measure or day.
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A T'^xm; of the Ist kind was equal to 8 oi*diaai7 barley-corns placed to-
gether breadthways, and of the other two respectively, to 7 and 6 barley-
oonis. The long gaz was used for the measurement of cultivated lands,
roads, distances, f<Mris, reservoirs and mud walls. The middling was employ-
ed to measure buildings of stone and wood, bamboo-built houses, places of
wonhip, wells and gardens, and the short gaz for cloth, arms, beds, seats
of state, sedan chairs, palanquins, chairs, carts and the like.
In some other countries, although they reckon the gaa as consisting of
24 TWtt;, they make
2 Habbah (grain).
2 Barley-corns.
6 Mustard seeds.
12 Fab.
6 Fatfla.
6 Na^r.
8 ^itmir.
12 Zarrah.
8 Habi.
2 Wahmah.
^1 Tassdj equal to
1 Habbah
1 Barley-corn
1 Mustard seed
1 Fak
1 Fatila
1 Na^ir
1 ^itmh*
1 Zarrah
1 Hab&
Some make 4 Tassfij equal to 1 Ddng.
6 Ding „ 1 Oas.
Others reckon the gaz as 24 fingers, each finger equal to the breadth
of 6 barley-corns, and each barley-corn equal in thickness to 6 hairs from
the mane of a cob. In some ancient books they make the ga% equal to two
spans and twice round the joint (girth) of the thumb, and they divided it
into 16 girih and each girth was subdivided into 4 parts which they
called 4 pahr^ so that a pahr was the sixty -fourth part of a gaz.
In other ancient records the gaz is reckoned of seven kinds. 1st, The
Qttz i 8amda (Oa» of traffic) consisting of 24 digits and two- thirds of a
digit Hariin At Rashid of the House of 'Abb&s took this measure from the
hand of an Abyssinian slave who was one of his attendants : the Nilometer*
In Arabic, it ia a weight of 2 barley-corns,
a quarter of a 3^^ ag the 24th part of a
i: the plur. is ^'"^. It also
a district or province or a town-
■Up, as ArdabU is of the ^^-^ of
Qahrin. This term for an agglomera-
tion of Tillages or townships is analo-
gous to the
vJuJiir*
of Yemen, the
^^^ of the people of Syria, the Jjf of
Bl Ir6^ and the (>^S of £1 Jib4l. See
Lane nnder ^J"^
* This scale is given nnder A(n II,
Vol. I, p. 8«.
' The onbit of the Nilometer is sap-
posed to be the same as that of the Jews,
which is exactly two feet Kaglish : if so
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of ^gypt is on this measure, and houses and cloths are also measnred by it.
2nd, Zirda' i kashahy (Reed-yard) called also A^dmah^ and Bauty of 24
digits : this was introduced by Ibn Abi Laila.^ 3rd, The Yusufiyah, used
by the provincial governors of Baghdad for the measurement of houses : it
consisted of 25 digits. 4ih, The short Hdshimtyah, of 28 digits and a
third. BiUl* the son of Abi Bardah introduced it: according to some
it was Abu Mdsa Ash'ari his grandfather. 5th, The long Hdshimiyah of
29 digits and two-thirds which Man^dr the A'bbaside favoured. It is also
called the Malik and Ziyddtyah, Zijidfi was the so-called son of Abd
Sufiyin who used it to measure the lands in Arabian I'dLl^. 6th, The
Omartydh of 31 digits. During his Caliphate, Omar carefally considered
the long, short and middling gaz,^ He took the three kinds together and
to one-third of the aggregate he added the height of the closed fist and the
thumb erect. He closed both ends of the measure with tin and sent it to
Hudaifah^ and Otl^mdn^-b-Hunaif which they used for the measurement
of the villages in Arabian Ir^k. 7th, The Mdniuniyah of 70 digits less a
third. Mamdn brought it into use, and it was employed for measuring
rivers, plains and road distances.
Some in former times reckoned the cloth-measure {gaz) to be seven times
the fist, and the fist was equal to four fingers closed ; according to others,
one finger less. The survey gaz^ according to some, was the same seven
fists : others made it seven fists together with one finger (thumb P) erect
added to the seventh fist. Others again added another finger to that fist ;
while some made it seven fists with one finger adjoined to each fist.
the 24 digita will be preciaely inches.
Volney makes ifc 20^ French or 22 Eng-
lish inches. Some allowance must pro-
bably be made for the broad hand of a
negro, but the other measnres will not be
affected by the same error, as they most
be referred to the ordinary delicate hand
of a native of Asia. A finger's breadth
may be safely taken as three quarters
of an inch. Useful Tables, pp. 87, 88.
* Mul?amroad-b-Abddr Barman, sur-
named Ibn Abi Layla, was a distin-
guished jurisconsult and one of the
fdhiii. He was l^hi of Kdfa where he
was born A. H. 74, and died in A. H.
148. D'Herb.
' The grandson of Abu Mdsa al Ashari,
^i/dHt^x of Baarah, of which his grand-
father had been Governor. See a brief
notice of him in Ibn Khali. Vol. II, p. 2.
• See D*Herb. and Ookley, p. 868 un-
der art. Ziad for a fuller aooount of him.
^ I think it probable that the word
"long" has here been inadvertently
omitted from the MSS. used for this
edition. Gladwin has the word which
confirms my suspicion.
' One of the most eminent of the
Companions of Mu|^mmad. Omar ap-
pointed him to the government of
Mad&in, where he died after the assassi-
nation of OthmiLn and 40 days after the
accession of 'Ali. Ibn Hajar. Biog. Diet.
' He was governor of Basrah under
the Caliph 'AU. Ibn KhaU, p. 891,
Vol. IV.
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Snitan Sikander Lodi in Hindustin introduced another gaz of the
breadth of 41 IsJeandaris and a half. This was a copper coin mixed with
silTer. Hmnaydn added a half and it was thus completed to 42. Its length
WM 32 digits. Bat some authors anterior to his time make mention of a
similar measnre. Sher Khdn and Salim Khan,^ under whom Hindustan was
released from the custom of dividing the grain and its apportionment, in
measuring land used this goui. Till the thirty first-year of the Divine
Era, although the Akbar 8hdhi gaz of 46 fingers was used as a cloth-mea-
sure, the Iskandari gaz was used for cultivated lands and buildings. His
Majesty in his wisdom, seeing that the variety of measures was a source of
inconvenience to his subjects, and regarding it as subservient only to the
dishonest, abolished them all and brought a medium gaz of 41 digits in-
to general use. He named it the Ildhi gaz and it is employed by the public
for all purposes.
ArN IX.
The Tandb.^
His Majesty fixed for the jarib the former reckoning in yards and
* Of the family of Sdr who reigned
between the expnision and restoration of
Hamaynn.
' The Tandhf Jar^b and B{gha eeem to
hare been indiBoriminately need as near-
ly interchangeable terms. The Jarih
in its origmal nse, according to Wilson
(Glossazy), was a measure of capacity
equal to 60 kafla or 884 madd, abont 768
pounds. It then became applied to a
land measnre, or as much land as could
be sown with a JarOt of seed-corn, and
then appears to have been loosely used
for a Ugha. In course of time it occurs
as a measure of land of various extent,
ud as the chain or rope for measuring.
In the N. W. P. the measurements were
made by a chain, and the jar^b is » to 6
diains of 11 yards each, or to 60 gras or
90 ga^has or knots. A square of one
Jar{b is a h(gha. Before the new system
of surrey, it was usual to measure lands
paying revenue with 2k jarih of 18 knots
^mly, two being coiled round the mea-
iuror, but free lands were measured with
the entire rope of 20 knots. In Sindh
a jarih is a measure of a 150 square feet.
In Telegu, it is applied to garden land
or its produce. The standard bigha of
the revenue surveyors of the N. W. P. is»
to 8,026 sq. yds. or | of an acre. In
Bengal the Ugha contained only 1,600 sq.
yds. or a little less than i of an acre. In
Benares at the time of the settlement,
it was determined at 8,186 sq. yds. In
other perganahs it was equal to 2,025 to
8,600 or 8,926 sq. yds. A hachha bigha
is in some places a third, in others only
a fourth of a full Ugha, Akbat's higha
of 8,600 Ilahi ga» was considered « to
3,026 sq. yds. of the htgha of Hindustan.
In Outtack the higha is now considered
to be an English acre. The Haratha
bigha is called 20 ptfi^ or 400 sq. hUhis
or rods of (each) 5 cubits and 6 hand-
breadths. The Guserit bigha contains
only 284) sq. yds. Mr. Elliot specifies
six rariations found in the Upper Pro-
vinces. See Wilson's Gloss, under
Bigha and Jan 6.
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62
chose the measurement of sixty square, but adopted the Ildki gaz. The
Tandb (tent rope) was in Hindustan a measure of hempen rope twisted
whioh became shorter or longer aooording to the dryness or moisture of the
atmosphere. It would be left in the dew and thus fraudfully moistened.
Oftentimes it would be employed in the eaiiy morning when it had got
damp and had shrunk, and by the end of the day it had become dry and had
lengthened. In the former case, the husbandmen suffered loss, in the
latter the royal revenues were diminished. In the 19th year of the Divine
era, the jar^b was made of bamboos joined by iron rings. Thus it is sub-
ject to no variation, and the relief to the public was felt everywhere while
the hand of dishonest greed was shortened.
AFN X.
The B4gha
Is a name applied to iYi^jarih. It is a quantity of land 60 gaz long
by 60 broad. Shonld there be any diminution in length or breadth or
excess in either, it is brought into square measure and made to consist of
3600 square ga».^ They divide the higha into 20 parts, each of which is
called hiawah^ and this is divided again into 20 parts each of which is
termed hiswdmah. In measuring they reduce no further. No revenue
is required from 9 hisw6n$dh^ but ten they account as one hiswah. Some,
however, subdivide the bisw&nsah into 20 parts, each of which they called
tjLawom9a\ whioh they again divide into 20 parts, calling each tapwAnsah.
This again they partition in 20 portions, and name them severally antvodn-
sah. A higha as measured by the tan6h of hemp, was two hUtoah and 12
hiswamah smaller in extent than the higha measured by the tanah of bam-
boo. This makes a difference of 10 higha in a hundred. Although the
tanah of hemp was of 60 gaz^ yet in the twisting it shrunk to 56. The
Ilahi goM was longer than the libandari by one hiswahj 16 hinodnsah^ 13
tanodAMoh^ 8 tapwdmdky and 4 answdneah. The difference between the two
reduced the higha by 14 himoah^ 20 hiswdnsah, 13 taswdnsah^ 8 *apwdnsah^
and 4 answdnsah. In one hundred highas the variation in the two measures
amounted to 22 highas, 3 hiswah and 7 hiswdnsah.
ATS XI.
Land and its classification^ and the proportionate dues of Sovereignty,
When His Majesty had determined the gag, the tandh^ and the htgha^
^ The text has an error of 60 for 600. I womevrhmi more tiian half an acre. U.
3600 sq. ga« = 2,600 sq. yards - 0.688 or | T. p. 88.
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63
m his profound sagacity he classified the lands and fixed a different reyenue
to be paid bj each.
Polaj is land which is annually cultivated for each crop in succession
and is never allowed to lie fallow.
Paraufi is land left out of cultivation for a time that it may recover its
strength.
Chtichar is land that has lain fallow for three or four years.
Bcmjar is land uncultivated for five years and more.
Of the two first kinds of land, there are three classes, good, middling
and bad. They add together the produce of each sort, and a third of this
representR the medium produce, one-third part of which is exacted as the
royal dues. The revenue levied by 8her Kh4n, which at the present day is
represented in all provinces as the lowest rate of assessment, generally ob-
tained, and for the convenience of the cultivators and the soldiery, the
value was taken in ready money.
Produce of Polaj Land.^ Spring Hctrvest, called in Hindi Asddhi,
1"
•8
• ■8
8"
II
T
•8
■TT
■s
1
II
WLeat .
Jr«atid— (Vetches)
Ada» — False (Gicer lens) in
Hindi. Masur ...
Barley ..
Linseed
Safflower — (carthamns tincto-
rins)...
Anan — Millet (Panicnm milia-
oenm (in Hindi China)
Ungtard
Peas ...
Fenngreek, {Mtthi)
Kkr rice
Md. Sr.
18
18
8
18
6
10
10
18
14
24
10
0
ao
80
90
20
0
0
fi
Md. Sr.
12
10 20
Md.
8
7
Sr.
85
20 31
20
20
10
6 80
25
15
8
8
10
11
018
20
90
0
0
6
5
8
9
14
5
5
25
85
10
II
^1
Md. Sr.
88 85
0
19
38
8015
15
85
20
10 20 80
24
24
32
84
56
5
5
5
85
10
IT
•s
I
11 8
Md. Sr.Md. Sr.
12 88^1 4 12{
10 18i 8 18
6 18i
12 88i
5 7
6 86^
8
8
10
11
18
U
If
28
25
80
2 6
4 ]2i
1 29
2 12
27i
85
10
' I hav0 copied the fomn of the 4 fel-
Unring tables from Gladwin. Abnl Fazl
makm the ealeolatioB for tke4th and Sth
oolmnna for wheat only. For yetohes and
palse he omits the 4th column and omits
the 4th and 5th of all the remainder.
The fractions below a qnaspter of a seer are
discarded in calculating the proportion
fixed for revenne : the thirds ajfe not
always mathematically exact, and frac-
tions are sometimes raised to a unit or
altogether omitted.
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64
The revenue from musk melons, ajtodtn {Ligusttcum ajowan), onions
and other greens not counted as produce, was ordered to be paid in ready
money at the i^tes hereinafter mentioned.
Polaj Land.
The Autumn Harvest^ called in Hindi Sawani.
Molasses^
Cotton...
S/idii lfu«?ifcin— Dark oolonred,
small in grain and white,
fragrant, that ripens qnickly
and pleasant to taste
Common rice, not of the above
quality •••
Mdsh-in Hindi Mfing (Phaseo-
luB mnngo) ••
Mush Siah— H. Urdh (a kind of
vetch) — ••
Mo(h (lentiU), coarser than
the white m^ng and better
than the dark ...
Jowdr (Andropogon Sorghum.
Roxb.) ... , ,„ •;•
Shamakh— H. Sawvodn (Pani-
cum frumentaoenm. Roxb.)
iTodron** like SanwAn) but its
outer husk darkish red
Sesame •••
Kanguni (Panioum italioum;
Turiyay like mustard seed, but
inclined to red ... ...
Anan (Panioum miliaoeum)
generally a spring crop
Lah4arah grows in ear, the
grain like Kangv/ni
Mandwah (Cynosurus ooro<»
nus) the ear like Sanwin, the
seed like mustard seed, but
some red, some white
Md. Sr
18 0
10
T"
■8
Md. Sr.
10
7
24
17
10
iO
6
13
10
17
8
6
6
16
0
0
20
20
20
20
0
0
20
20
10 20
11
20
.«
•It
§
* to
a
rs
Md. Sr.
18
12
7
7
010
12
6
6
018
201 7
5
0
20
20
20
10
20
20
20
0
10
10
20
20
0
T
•si
2031
022
Md. Sr.
0
14
9
5
6
3
7
6
9
4
8
8
10
10
15
10
10
80
15
0
80
h
^1
20
66
38
23
23
15
10
20
si's
"** .«
o
CO o u
d
o
o g $
Md. Sr
10 134
20
Md. Sr.
8 18
2 20
1018
86]
10
12
7
80
384
80
80
64
2081 010 134
8 14
24
38
18
15
16
36
0
80]
2540
1C28
12
6
5
5
518
10
884
0
7
7
H
80
S fl s
§.2 §
10
18
234
284
29
18
2 274
4 124
2 O
1 29
1 29
4 1S4
2 234
I rpije 4th and 6th columns have been
omitted by Abul Fazl.
• A variant gives Kodon and Koderam
probably the same as Kodo — ^a small grain
(Paspalom Kora).
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63
As a coDsideration for watching the crops a quarter of a seer (per
manDd) is allowed in some places and in others more, as will be shown.
The revenne from indigo, poppy, ^n, turmeric, pignut^ (trapabispinosa),
hemp, kachdlu (arum colocasia) pumpkin, ^tnna (Lawsonia inermis) cucum-
hers, hddrang (a species of cucumber) the egg-plant (solanum melongena),
radishes, carrots, Jcareld (momordica charantia) kakuraj^ tendas^^ and
musk-melons, not counted as produce, was ordered to be paid in ready
money at the rates hereafter mentioned.
* This is the Sing^&rali or Singhafah.
In the montli of November, the nut
ripens and sach of the fmit as remains
nngathered, falls off and sinks to the
bottom of the pond. When the water
driM up in May or Jnne, these nnts or
bolbs are found to have thrown oat a
number of shoots. They are then care-
fully collected and placed in a small
bole in the deepest portion of the tank
Md covered with water. In the
aitts when the ponds begin to fill,
tiie balbe are taken np, each shoot is
btoken off, enveloped in a ball of clay to
■ink it and thrown into the water at
9
different distances. They at once take
root and g^ow rapidly until in a short
time the surface of the water is covered
with leaves. The fruit forms in October.
The produce of a standard hig\a is about
%\ mam which at the selling price of 10
sera for the rupee, represent a total value
of Bs. 10. It is much more extensively
consumed by the Hindus than the Ma-
hemedaus. Carnegie's Kachhari Techni-
calities.
* Momordica Muricata.
* Also called tendu : resinous fruit of
the tree Diospyros glutinosa.
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66
Parauti land when cultivated, pays the same revenue aa potaj.
His Majesty in his wisdom thas regalated the revenues in the aboTe-
mentioned favourable manner. He reduced the duty on manufactures
from ten to five per cent, and two per cent, was divided between the patwari
and the kanungo. The former is a writer employed on the part of the
cultivator. He keeps an account of receipts and disbursements, and no
village is without one. The latter is the refuge of the husbandman. There
is one in every district. At the present time the share of the kanungo (one
per cent.) is remitted and the three classes of them are paid by the State
accordding to their rank. The salary of the first is fifty rupees: of the
Becoud, thirty ; of the third, twenty ; and they have an assignment for
personal support equivalent thereto. It was the rule that the commissaries
of the shikkdar, karkun,^ and Amin should receive daily 58 ddms as a
peiquisite, provided that in spring they did not measure less than 200, nor
in autumn less than 250 bighas. His Majesty whose heart is capacious as
the ocean, abolished this custom and allowed only one dam for each higha.
Many imposts, equal in amount to the income of Hindustdn were
remitted by His Majesty as a thank-offering to the Almighty. Among
these were the following ;
The capitation tax.
The port duties.
Tax* per head on gathering at places of worship.
A tax on each head of oxen.
A tax on each tree.
Presents.
Distraints.
A tax on the various classes of artificers.
Bdrogha^a fees.
Tahsilddr's fees.
Treasurer's fees.
Complimentary offerings on receiving a lease and the like.
Lodging charges.
Money bags.
Testing and exchanging money.
Market duties.
* The registrar of the collections un-
der a Zamindar, The Am{n was an
officer employed either in the revenue de-
partment to take charge of an estate
and collect the revenues on account of
government, or to investigate and report
their amount : or in the judicial depart-
ment, as a judge and arbitrator in civil
causes. Wilson's Gloss.
' The word is kar in the text, and is
probablj from the Sansk. IfT an impost,
fee or cess.
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67
Sale of cattle; also on hemp, blankets, oil, raw bides, weigbing,
scaling ; likewise butcher's dues, tanning, playing at dice,^ passports, tur-
bans,* hearth-money, fees on the purchase and sale of a house, on salt made
from nitrous earth, on permission to reap the harvest, felt, manufacture of
lime, spirituous liquors, brokerage, catching fish, the product of the tree
Al {Morinda citrifoUa) ;^ in fine all those imposts which the natives of Hin-
dustan include under the term Sair Jihdty* were remitted.
AfN XII.
Ghachar land.
When either from excessive rain or through an inundation, the land
falls out of cultivation, the husbandmen are, at first, in considerable distress.
In the first year, therefore, but two fifths of the produce is taken : in the
second three-fifths ; in the third,^ four-fifths and in the fifth, the ordinary re-
TCDue. According to differences of situation, the revenue is paid either in
money or in kind. In the third year the charges of 5 per cent, and ono ddm
for each higha^ are added.
AfN XIII.
Banjar land.
When through excessive inundations production has seriously dimi-
nished, the revenue is collected in the following proportions :
Spring Harvest,
Proportion of revenue from one Btgha of Banjar 'land for five years.
let year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year
5th year
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr
Wheat
... I.
0 20
1 0
2 0
3 0
as polaj
Knstard
... R.
0 5
0 25
0 35
1 10
VetcheB NukUd
... I.
0 10
0 30
1 10
2 10
Do.
...R.
0 5
0 80
1 10
2 10
ti
* Two words follow which are marked
in the text as donbtf nl, they are ****^
and iSjy^ : the latter word means sim-
ply a tax : there is doabtless an omission :
the former I cannot trace.
* The word is pag^ contraction of pagrif
a tnrban. It was a kind of poll tax
leried on every tnrban.
* From which a dye is extracted.
* See p. 68.
* There is probably an error in the
text as the fonrth year is omitted.
Gladwin has " the third and fourth years
fonr-fifths each "
• I take the J between ^ J J^6 to be
an error, as by retaining it the percen-
tage would rise to 15 or at least to 10^.
Five per cent, was levied on mannfac-
tnres ; it may therefore have been an
extra charge on land though I do not
see its reason or its justice. Gladwin
translates as I have done.
*.^-
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68
Proportion of Bevenw, Sfc
. — Continued.
let jear2iid yearSrd year 4th year
6th year
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr
Barley ... ... ... I.
0 20
1 0
2 0
3 0
aa polaj.
Do. ... ... ...B.
0 6
0 35
1 20
2 20
VTilee{p%em'lffM)Adas ... ...I.
0 10
0 30
1 10
1 30
Do. ... ... ... E.
0 6
0 30
1 10
1 30
0 10
0 26
0 86
1 0
n
Do. .. ... .. E.
0 6
0 25
0 35
1 0
Linseed ... ... ... I.
0 10
0 20
0 30
1 10
Do. .. ... ...R.
0 5
0 5
0 30
1 10
»»
Note. I stands for inundated land, and R for that which has suffered
from rain.
Autumn Harvest.
Proportion of revenue from one Btgha of Banjar land for Jive years.
let
year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year
5th year
Md
. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Md. Sr.
Jf(£«V
...I.
0
20
1 0
1 30
2 10
as polai
Do.
... R.
0
6
0 20
1 0
1 20
Jowdr
...1.
0
20
1 0
2 0
3 0
"
Do.
...R.
0
5
0 20
1 0
2 0
Moth
... R.
0
5
0 20
0 30
1 10
*
Lah4araih ...
... R.
0
6
0 20
1 10
2 0
K6dr6i^
... I.
0
20
1 0
2 0
3 0
Do.
...R.
0
5
0 20
1 20
2 20
Man^wah
...I.
0
20
1 0
2 0
3 0
"
Do.
... R.
0
5
0 80
1 10
2 10
KMiri
... I.
0
10
0 26
0 35
1 10
Do.
...R.
0
5
0 25
0 85
1 10
Jy
... I.
0
10
0 25
0 35
1 30
Do.
...R.
0
6
0 25
0 85
1 10
Turiya
... I.
0
20
1 0
1 10
1 20
**
Do.
... R.
0
5
0 25
0 35
1 10
*'
Banit/dn (Peni. Shamdhh)
...I.
0
10
0 25
0 36
1 10
it
Do.
...R.
0
6
0 25
0 86
1 10
Arxan
... I.
0
10
0 30
1 0
1 10
Do.
... R.
0
6
0 30
1 0
1 10
Sesame
... R.
0
6
0 20
0 30
1 10
>i
In the 4th year the charges of 5 per cent, and one dam fw each higha
were collected and this is still in force.
In Banjar land for the Ist year, one or two sers are taken from each
Ugha; in the 2nd year, 5 sers^ in the Srd year, a sixth of the produce ; in
the 4th year, a fourth share together with one ddm : in other years a third
suffices. This raries somewhat during inundations. In all oases the hus-
tandman may pay in money or kind as is naost convenient. Banjar land
at the foot of the hills and land subject to inundatioas in the districts of
* For these names, see p. 64^
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69
Sanbal^ and Bahrdicb, do not remain as hanjar^ for so mncli new soil is
broaght down with the overflow that it is richer and more productive than
fo^;'. His Majesty, however, in his large munificence places it in the
nme class. It is in the option of the cultivator to pay in ready money or
by hinkufi or hhaoli.
AfN XIV.
The Ninetepi Years Batesfi
Intelligent people have from time to time set themselves to record the
prices current of the Empire, and after careful inquiry the valuation of grain
was accepted on this basis.
The revenue rates for a htgha of polaj land were fixed as has been
stated. From the 6th year of the Divine Era which runs with the Novi-
hnar year 968 (A. D., 1560-1) and concluding with the 24th year of this
rwgn, the statistics were collected and have been tabulated for reference
after the most diligent investigation. The figures are entered under the
heading of each year.
' Or Sanbhal. See Vol. I, Geograph.
Index.
* See p. 44.
' Ninetoen years correepond with a
cycle of the moon daring^hich period
the seasons are supposed to undergo a
complete reyolution. Gladwin, p. 292.
Vol. I.
See Table next page.
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70
iwAri^fZ
5co .
llllf 1
9
^
9 SSS
82-120
12-16
50-70
2
MWiCpjgg
|sd
2
S;ooQ
tH i-l ^
2
g
•J«9^ pugg
|Sq
§29
g
•j«9^ ^X2
ii«
■^ 1
s
32S
OOfH OO
8
g
1
•j«eiC ti:k)2
5oo .
s
i
S S28
§23
Hi
8
•JTO^ qcj6I
i
©1 r-l i-l r-»
Son
i-H fH T^
823
s
1
•JB9^ qigX
l..
SSSS2 g
82S#8 ^
i
8 SS^
S 222
r-4 i-l lO
8«8
8
8
1
•j«9i qui
5^x
00
§23
82S
r-
g
^
•JB8^ qf»9t
sssgi g
00
^ ^^^
6 tOkO kO
01 fH ^ I-l
§23
828
8
g
•JTOi q:»9t
|««
&8SSS g
s
s
8 l8^
ei tfi "^ U5
04 rH fH tH
§2S8
8 8
g
•JBe-f qc^f X
' l§«
.§sss g
=8§ --g
S §S2
ei ph lo
o
•Bjrea^q^ei
|s«
.W5 38"^ S
s
8 S83
8 8
:»g
8
.«
•JB9^ qijgX
|S«
.S3SS 8
••33 -^
s
8 88 .
,oog
8
m
?
•JBO^ q^Xl
|S«
.SS8S S
5S
s
8 88 .
8 S =
8
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AIN 15.
The Ten Years' Settlement. •
Prom tlie beginning of this immortal reign, persons of intelligence
and void of rapacity, together with zealous men of experience, have been
annually engaged in noting the current prices and reporting them to His
Majesty, and taking the gross produce and estimating its value, they deter-
mined the rates of collection, but this mode was attended with consider-
able inconvenience. When Khwajah Abdul Majid Asaf Khan^ was
raised to the dignity of Prime Minister, the total revenue was taken at an
estimation,* and the assignments were increased as the caprice of the
moment suggested. And because at that time the extent of the empire was
small, and there was a constant increase of dignities among the servants of
the State, the variations were contingent on the extent of corruption and
self-interest. When this great oflfice devolved on Muzaffar Khan^ and Rajah
Todar Mull, in the 15th year of the reign, a re-distribution of the imperial
assessment was made through the kanuvgos, and estimating the produce of
the lands, they made a fresh settlement. Ten kanungos were appointed
who collected the accounts from the provincial kanungos and lodged them
in the imperial exchequer. Although this settlement was somewhat less
than the preceding one, nevertheless there had been formerly a wide
discrepancy between the estimate and the receipts.
When through the prudent management of the Sovereign the empire
was enlarged in extent, it became diflScult to ascertain each year the prices
current and much inconvenience was caused by the delay. On the one hand
the husbandman complained of extensive exactions, and on the other the
holder of assigned lands was aggrieved on account of the revenue balances.
His Majesty devised a remedy for these evils and in the discernment of
his world-adorning mind fixed a settlement for ten years : the people were
thus made contented and their gratitude was abundantly manifested.
From the beginning of the 15th year of the Divine era to the 24th, an
aggregate of the rates of collection was formed and a tenth of the total
was fixed as the annual assessment ; but from the 20th to the 24th year
the collections were accurately determined and the five former ones ac-
cepted on the authority of persons of probity. The best crops were taken
into account in each year and the year of the most abundant harvest
accepted, as the table shows.
* See Vol. I, p. 866, and Index.
• See Vol. I, p. 849.
■ See Vol. I, p. 848.
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89
Tfce Babak of Allahabad comprises nine sarkdrs (districts) and pos-
sesses fifteen separate revenue codes.^
1. The Sarkdr of Allahabad inclades fifteen mabals and has three
revenne codes.
The sabnrban district of Allahabad comprises three mahals, viz., the
SQburbB of Allahabad, Kantat, and a tract on the extreme limits of the
suhdh of Agra,* and possesses one revenne code.-
Jaldldbdd bas three mabals and a reyenue code.
Bhadoi, seven mabals, viz,, Bhadoi, Sikandarpur, 8ardoii, Sangror,
Mahj Kcfwdi, Hddidhds^ — and a revenne code.
2. The Sarkdr of Benwres has eight mabals and a revenne code.
The detail is as follows — the suburban district of Benares, the township
of Benares, Pandarhd, Kaswdr, Harhawd, BydUsi,*
3. The Sarkdr of Jaunjmr bas 41 mabals and two codes.
The suburban district of Jaunpur, 39 mabals, one code, viz. : —
Aldemao, Angali, Bheteri, Bhaddo'h, Belheti,^ Jaunpur, Suburban Jaun-
pur, Ghandipur Badhar, Ghdndah, Ghiriyd Kot, GhakSsar, Kharid, Khdspur
Tdndah, Khdnpur, Deogdon, Bdri, SanjhSli, Sikandarpur, Sagdi, Sarharpur,
Shddi-dbddy Zafardbdd, Karydt Maftu, Karydt Dostpur, Karydt-Mendhah,
Karydt Swetah, Kolah, Qhiswah, Ohosi, Kodiya, Qopdlpur, Kirdkat, Man-
diaho, Muhammad-dbdd, MajhSrd, Mau, Nizdmdbdd, Naigun, Nathupur.^
4 The Sarkdr of Ghanddah, 14 mabals and one revenue code, viz.
* The Dastur u*l A*mal is a body of
instrnotions and tables for the use of
oatiTe revenne officers under the Maho-
medan Goyemment. Although profess-
ing to be copied from the original of
Akbar, no two copies agree, owing, as
Mr. £lliot conjectures, to their having
been made up, in various degrees of
oinnpleteness, from another account left
I7 the Kanungoe, the A^mal-dastur, in
which orders superseding those of the
Dfli*w u*l Amal were registered. Wil-
ton's Gloss.
• There is probably an error here as
a note to the text suggests.— The MSS.
all differ in the names of the various
jnryanaAa of this district.
' In Tieffenthaler's Geographic de
nBdoaatan (Bernoulli. Descript de Tin-
12
de. Vol. I) the above names with one
exception are mentioned with the addi-
tion of Kheragafh. A note in the text
of Abul Fazl supplies this omission.
^ This makes but six, which is the
number given by Tieffenthaler whose
names, however, vary somewhat from
the text.
* This is the name in the note to the
text and I have given it, as it accords
with Tieffenthaler t the text itself has
Talhanu
• I am extremely doubtful as to the
orthography of these names — the MSS.
confessedly vary and many of these
places have doubtless ceased to exist.
The importance of their true spelling and
pronunciation scarcely justifies the la-
bour of an extensive research.
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00
the suburban district of Ohanddah, Ahirtodrdhf BhSli^ BafhSlf J\ln4ahf
DhoSf BdghupHir^ — the villages on the western bank of the river, MajhufArdk^
Mahdechf Mdhwdriy MahSi^ Silpiirf Naran,
5. The Sarkd/r of Qhdztpiir, 18 mahals, one code, vu.f the snbnrban
district of Ohdzipur, BaU&, Paohdtar, Balkdhde, Bharidbddy Bhaldej, Ohauttd
Lehhdj Sayyid^itr Namdt, Zahurdbdd, Karydt Pali, K6pd OKhit, Qanihd^
Karandahf Lakhner, Madan BendrcUf MuhammoLdahdd, Farhdrhdri.
6. The Sarkdr of JKarrah, 12 mahals, one code, vur., the township
of Karrahy its suburban district, Aichhi, Atharbanf Ayisd, Bdri, Kardri,
Kdtla, Kaunra commonly called KSsSn, Fatehpur Ha^iwah, Hafgdo^
Hanswah.
7. The Sarkdr of Korarahf 8 mahab, 8 codes, vur., thus detailed.
Tbe suburban district of Korarah has one code and 2 mahals, i^., itself
and Ohdtampiir ; K6tid, 3 mahals, K6tx&j Qondry Keranpir Kindrf and
one code ; J4jmau, 3 mahals, viz. Jdjmau, Muhainpiir, Majh&on^ and one
code.
8. The Barhwr of Kdlinjar, 10 mahals, one code, vig., Kdlinjar with
its suburbs, Agudsi, Ajigafh, Sendha, SamSniy Shddipur, Basan, Khar4Uihf
Mahdbd, MSdhd,
9. The Sarkdr of Mdnikpur^ 14 mahals, 2 codes. The suburbs
of Mdnikpur have 10 mahals and one code, via,, Mdnikpur together with its
suburban district, Arwal^ Bhalol, SalSn, Jaldlpur Balkhar,^ Karydt Kardrahy
Karydt Faegdh, KhafSt, Na^irdbdd,
B&e Bareli, etc. 4 mahals, one code, viz, Bde Bareli, ToZ^n^i, Jdes,
Dalmau.
* A note to tbe text gires Rdlhup&r
B8 the present name of this mahal — the
other names hare nearly all variants in
the MSS„ no donbt due as mnoh to
dialectic variations in pronnnoiation as
to errors of copyists. Tieflenthaler adds
to the above, the fortress of Tackinar-
ghar (Ohan^r) built of stone, cm an emi-
nence on the western bank of the Granges.
* Thns in all MSB. bnt SUiot baa
Kerafpur Kananda.
* This is the variant in a note and ao*
cords with the spelling at p. 428 of text,
* Tieft. has " somomm^ Halaoa."
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03
The Bubah of Oudh comprises five sarkdrs and possesses twelve
codes.
1. The Sarkdr of Oudh, 21 mahals, 3 codes. The subnrban dis-
trict has 19 mahals and one code. Two parganahs are comprised in
Ehair&bad. They are as follows :
Oudh with its suburban district; Anhddha, Anhonahy Pachham/rdthy
BUehri, Baiodhi, Thdnah Bhaddoihy Bakthdj BaryaJbdd, B>udatdiy Selakj
SultdnpuTj SdianpuTy Supahah, Sarwdpdli, Satrakahy Oawa/rchahy Manglasi
Naipur,
Ibrahim&bdd and Kishni are each a parganah with one code.
2. The Sarkdr of Bharmtch has 11 mahals, one code. The suburban
district of BhardUch, <fec. 8 mahals, one code. Bharditch with its suburbs
6 mahals, Bahrahy Husampvry Wankduthy^ Bajhaty Banjhauliy Fakhrpur, Fort
Navdgafh.
Firuzdbdd, &c., two parganahs, one code, viz., Firuzdbddy Stdtdnpur,
Kharomay one mahal, one code.
3. The Sarkdr of Khdirdbddy 2 mahals, 3 codes. Khairdbddy <S!k;.,
12 parganahs, one code, viz.y suburbs of Khairdbddy Basdrdy Baswahy
Bcurahy Ohhitdpur, Khairigafhy Sadrpdry Kheriy Kha/rkheld, and Laliarpury
two mahals ; Machh<irha((ahy and Hargar&OQ, two mahals.' Pdliy &c. has 8
mabals, one code, viz.y Pdliy Barurdnjnahy BdwaUy Sdndiy Sirahy OopamaUy
Ehdnkatmauy Nimkhd; Bha/rwdrahy &c. two mahals, included in Oudhy
vi2,y Bharwdrah and Pildy — and one code.
4. The Sarkdr oi Qorakhpury 24 parganahs, one code. The subur-
ban district of Gorakhpur with the town, 2 mahals, Atrauldy Anhold ; Ba-
ndekpur &g, 4 mahals, Bdribhanpdrdhy Bha^todpdrdy Telpury Ohilupdray
Darydpdray Dewdpdrd and Kotlahy 2 mahals, Bohli ; Bdmgafh and Qdriy
2 mahals, Bas&lpur and OhSsi 2 mahals; Kafhldy Khaldpdrdy Mahdliy
Mandwahy Mandlah ; Manghar and Batanpv/Ty 2 mahals ; Maharanthoi,^
5. The Sarkdr of Lucknow has 55 mahals, 2 codes. The suburban
district of Lucknow, &c., 47 parganahs, one code. Abdthiy IsauUy Astyiuy
Akhdy Unchah Gdony Balkar BijloWy^ Bdriy Bharimau Pangwdriy Bethdliy
Tanhany Parsanddny PdtaUy Bdrdahdkory JhaUtery Dewiy Beorakhy Dadrah,
EanbirpuTy Bdmkofy Sandilahy Saipury Sardsiy Sahdliy Sidhory 8t4hupury
Sandiy SaroUy Fate^pdry Fort of Ambhafiy Kursiy KdkSri, Khanjrahy Ghdtam-
' Dangdau/n. Tieffenth. — A variant in
tbe text has Damakdun ; almost every
name has an alternative spelling.
> This name is neither in Bernoulli nor
in Elliot and is not mentioned in the ac-
count of Oadh. It has several variants.
* A note snggests this to be Bijnonr.
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94
puTf Karan4a^ Kdnbhi, Lucknow with its saburbs, LoihkaTf^ Malihdbddf
Mohdn, MordoHy McufidoHj Mahonah, Manaun^ Makrded^^ Hadhat rnhdr,
Ondm &c., 8 parganahs, one oode, vi^.y Otuimy Bilgrdon^ Bangcarmau^
Hardoiy Sdkmpurt FcUe^pur Ohaurdsi, Kctchhdndu^ Mcddwah.
Spring Harvest of the Subah of Ottdh.
Wheat
Indian Yetohes
Mustard seed (Khardal)
Barley
Adtis
Safflower
Poppy
Potherbs
Linseed ... .«.
Mustard seed {Sarahaf)
Anuin
Peas ,
Oarrots
Onions
Fenugreek
Persian Mnskm^ons
Indian do.
Cumin seed
Coriander seed
Kur rioe
Ajwdnn
D. J.
54.20
84-17
89-8
28-12
71-14
127-15
29-0
80-5
20-8
29-2
80-6
78 0
55-22
115-20
4-18
79-15
D. J.
62-15
89-8
40-6
45-21
85-20
72-0
115
76-1
85-20
88-0
24-15
38-0
86-21
80-18
54-20
280-4
14-28
61-12
150-2
46-24
97-5
I
M
D. J.
58-4
89-8
42-12
28-12
88-21
20|1 56-13
68-5
82-15
27-24
16-19
29-2
86-21
79-10
58-4
160-1
17-22
46-24
79-10
D. J.
54-20
88-14
88-6
22-9
71-14
127-12
66-12
27-24
29-2
15-8
25-8
28-7
78-7
58-4
110-20
15-16
45-21
83-21
D. J.
55-28
82-11
85-20
21-6
69-8
127-11
54-20
26-21
29-2
722
24-15
29-2
78-7
78-20
115-20
15-16
44-18
83-21
D. J.
55-20
88-14
'ss-o
22-10
71-14
^27-11
66-12
27-24
29-2
20-8
25-15
29-2
78-7
115-80
15-16
45-21
82-21
Note,— The dif-
ference in the
two classes of
mustard seed
is in the size
and colour of
the grain.
* The text has Lashkar only — Tieifen-
thaler, Lashkarp&r. When there are
seyeral varianta in the notes, I hare
ventured to seleot those that acowd
with other accounts, though differing
from the selected names of the text.
* Tieff. " Bdkraed aatrement Bin.'*
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96
1. The Sarhdr of Agra — the royal residence. 44 parganahs, 4
codes. The suburban district of Agra, &c., 6 mahals, one code., viz,, Agra
and its suburbs, Ohanufdr, Jalesar^ the citj of Agra, Dholpur, Mahdwan.
Bednah &c. 33 mahals, one code; the suburbs of Bednah, 2 mahals,
Oudihi, Od, Oly Bhasdwar Todahhhim, Btndwar, Ghatisafh, Khdnwd, Bajhd-
har, Fafehpur known as Sikri, Seonkar Seonkri, Mathura, MahSU, MangSflah,
Bhaskar, Wazirpur, HSlak, Hindon, Bdpari, Bart, Bajvfdrah. Etdwah &c. 3
mahals, one code, viz., Efdwah, Bdpri,^ ffatkdnt. Manddwar &c. 2 mahals,
one code, viz., MaTiddtoar, Kakhdnmar,
2. Sarkdr of Alwar, 43 parganahs, 3 codes. The parganahs of
Alwar (fee. 33 mahals, one code, viz., the suburbs of Alwar, Dhard, J)a4ekar,
Bahddurpur, Pandin, KhelShar, JaldVpur, Bihrdzpur, Bdth, BdlhattO'h, BaJir-
kol, Hdjipur, Budahthal, Anthulah Hdhru, Pardf, Balhdr, Barodah Fathkhan,
Barodahmeo, Basdnah, Hasanpur, BaddTiar, Hasanpvr 06ri, Deoli Sdjdri^
Sakhan, Kiydrah, Qhdi Seon, Kohrdnd, Monkond, Manddwarah, Naugdon
Ndhargafh, Rars&ri and Harpur, 2 mahals, Harsdnd. Bachherah, Ac, 5
mahals, one code, viz., Bachherah, Khoharir^nd, Bhiwdn, Ismatlpur, Amran^
Mubdrakpur, &c., 6 mabals, one code, viz., Muhdrakpur, Harsdni, Manddwar,
Khirtahali, Mojpwr.
3. 4. Sarkdrs of Tijdrah and Erdj, 4 codes. The Sarkar of Eraj^
16 mahals, viz., Eraj, Parhdr, Bhdnder, Bijpur, Pdndur, Ohhatrah, BiytU
hdnah, Shdhzddahpur, Khafdlah &o., Kajhodah, Keddr, Kunj, Khekas,
Kdnfi, Khderah, Mahdli. The Sarkdr of Tijdrah, 18 mahals, 1 code, viz,
Tijdrah, Indor, TJjaina, Umard Umari, P6r, Beg wan, Bandhrd, Jhamrdwat,
Khdnpur, Sdkras, Sanfhdddri, Firuzpur, Fatehpur Mdngarta, Kotlah, Kar-
herd, Nagindn. Thdnah of Kahwdr, one code. Beam, one code.
5. Sarkdr of Kanauj, 5 codes. The suburban district of Kanauj, &o.
11 mahals, one code. The suburbs of Kanauj, Bdrd, Bithur, Bilhur,
Bilgrdon, Deohd, Sikandarpur, Sedli, Sedi^rakh, Malkusah, Ndnamau. Sakefh
&c. 6 mahals, one code. SdkSfh, Kardoli, Bamah, Sahgr, Patidli, Sahdur.
Bhdgdon, Ac. 10 mahals, one code. Bhdgdon, Sonj, Sakrdon, Sakatpur,
Saror, Chhaharmau, Shamshdbdd, Pati *Alipur, Kanpal, Bhdjpur. Sikandar*
pur, one code. Phapund, one code.
6. Sarkdr of Sahdr. Sahdr, Ac. 6 mahals, one code, viz.^ Sahdr,
Pahdri, BhadSli, Kdmah, Koh Majdhid, Hddal. NonhSra, one code.
7. 8, 9. Sarkdr of Qwalior, Ac., one code. Sarkdr of QwaUor, 13
mabals, one code. Sarkdr of Nardrpanj, 5 mahals, one code. Sarkdr of
Beanwdn, 28 mabals, one code.
* A note to the text snggeBtB this i nor in the account of the proyinoe of
name to be an error, as not in Elliot | Agra. Neither is it in Tieifenthaler.
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97
10. Sarkdr of Kdlpi, 16 parganahs, one code. Ulaif Bildspdr, Badh'
nefh^ DerdpAr^ DeohaU^ Bdth^ Edipur, Suganpu/r, Shdhpur, suburbs of Kdlpi^
Kendr, Kkandoff Khan4ela^ city of KaXpi, Muhammaddbdd^ Hamirpur,
11. Sarkdr of Kdlf 4 codes. Thdtiah Fartda^ <&c. 10 mahals, one
code, vta., Tkdnah Farida^ PahdsUy Danbhdi^ Malikpur, Shikdrpur, Nuh,
ChandSs, Kharjahy Ahdr, Tapal, Suburban district of KSl^ <feo.y 4 mahals,
one code, viz.^ KSl, Jaldliy Sikandar rdo, OangSri, Mdrharak, i&c, 5 mabals,
one code, vt:g., Mdrharahy Balrdmy Soron, Pachldnah and Stdhpur^ 2 mahals.
Akhardbdd, 2 mahals, one code, viz.^ Akbardbddj Atrauli,
12. Sarkdr of NdrnSl^ 4 codes. Suburban district of Ndrnol, <feo.,
8 mahals, viz., suburbs of Ndrnol and city, Bdrhy K6f PStli, Bdbdi, Khan.' -
iela, Sankhdna, Kdn&ri, villages at the foot of the hill. Barodah r^nd, <&c.
2 mahals, viz., Barodah rgtndy Ldpoti, Ohdl Kaldnah, &o. 2 mahals, Chdl'
kaldnahf Khoddnd. Kanodah, <&c. 3 mahals, Kanddah, Narharah, Jkojeon,
See Table next page.
13
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29-2
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83-14
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82-18
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Wheat
Cabul Vetches ..
Indian do.
Barley
Adas ...
Safflower
Potherbs
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Peas
Carrots
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Fenugreek
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Cumin seed
JTttrrice
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101
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102
Subah of Ajmere, 7 Sark&rs, 9 codes.
1. Sarkdr of Ajmere, 2 codes. Suburban district of Ijmere, Ac.
24 Parganahs, i code. City and suburbs of Ajmere, 2 mabals, Ardine^
Parhaf, Bdhndi^^ JBhardnah, Bawdl, Bdhal, Bdndhan Sandheri, Bhardnda^
Tusina^ Johnair^ Deogdoi*, BSshanpur, Sdnhhatj Sarwdr^ Safheldf Sulai-
mdnabddy Kekri, Khdrwah^ MdhrSf, Masgiuddhddy Nardindh, Harbor ^ Anh&r^
Ac., 4 Parganahs, 1 code, viz,, AnhSr^ Bhakoi, Jhdg, Muzdbdd.
2. Sarkdr of Jodhpur, 21 Parganahs, 1 code. Suburbs and city
of Jodhpur, Asopf Endr dotty BhSdhi, Palpdrahy Beldra, Pdliy &c., 3 mabals,
Bdhilahy Podhhf Bhadrdjaufty Jetdran^ Dotdrdy Sujhat, SdtahnSry Sewdnd^
KhSrway Kheonsary Kundojy Mahewah,
3. Sarkdr of OhitoTy 28 Parganahs, 1 code. Suburbs and city of
OhitoTy 2 mahals, Isldmpur commonly Bdmpury Udaipury &c., 3 mahals,
Aparmdly^ ArfSdy Isldmpur commonly MohaUy Bodhnur, Phulidy Banhera^
Pury Bihtn Surury Bdgory Begun, Pati HdjipuTy Jeran, Sdnwarkhdtiy Sdndri^
SamSl with the cultivated land, Kosidnahy Mdndalgarh, Mdndaly Maddriyd
Nvmach Ac, 3 mahals.
4. Sarkdr of Banthanhory 4 codes, BantlianbSr Ac., 36 Pai^gan-
ahs, 1 code. Subarban district of Banthanhdry Alhanpur, Etd4ay Aton^
Isldmpur, Iwdn Bosamery Barodahy Bhadldon, Bakldnf, Paldtidhy Bhosor^
Belonahy Bdlakhatriy Bhoripahdriy Bdrdtiy Taldd, Jetpv/ty JJiditVy Khaljipur^
Bhariy Sanhusdriy Kotd, Khanddr, Khafoliy Kaddudy Ldkhriy Londahy Lahaud^
MdngrSry Momeddnah ^c, 16 mahals. Ohdtsu Sfc.y 16 Parganahs, 1 code.
viz,y Ohdfsuy Barwdrahy TJniydrdy Pdfan, Banhatdy Sarsupy Bdliy BSjri,
Kharniy Nawdhiy Jhaldwahy Khankharah, 8ui Supary Maldmahy Karor,
Bondiy Delhwdrahy Ac., 7 Parganahs, 1 code, viz,y Delhtodrahy Be-
todndhnahy Nagar, Antrorahy Deldnahy Amkhorahy Loharwdrahy Toffdy Ac.,
3 Parganahs, 1 code, viz., Todd, Tonky Tori,
5. Sarkdr of Ndgor, 30 Parganahs, 1 code. Suburban district of
NdgoTy Amar Samdiny Inddnah, Bhaddnahy Baldubatdniy^ BatSdhdy Barodahy
Bdrah gatn, Chdel, Charodahy Jdkhrahy Khd/rijkhafUy Bendwdnahy Donpur^
Bewdsdy BStiy Basulpur, Bahot, SddSlahy Fafhpur Jhanjmdn, Kdsliy KhdSlak
Kdjurahy K6Uwahy Kumhdriy KSrany Lddon, Merath, Manohar nagar, Nokhd.
6 A 7. Sarkdrs of SarShi and BikdnSr. The codes of these two
Sarkd/rs are not laid down.
* Bahaedif Tieff. I * Zounbara, Ihid,
■ Bosaina, Ibid, \ * Aparpdl, Ibid.
' In the texfc Bahdu, but the abore ia the name in the aooount of this Siibah which
oocors later on.
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108
Spring Harvest of the SubaK of AjmerS,
Wheat
Indian Yetohes
Bariey
flaiBower ...
I*<W7
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Linseed
Mwiardieed
Anon
Peat
Carrota
Onions ..«
Fenugreek .
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Indian ditto
Cnmin
Kur rioe
AjwUn
D. J.
49.5
88-14
83-14
22-8
62-16
86-16
66-28
81-8
44-18
20-9
26-9
26-21
67-2
100^16
11-6
70-7
61-11
70-7
D. J.
81-8
20-8
20-3
18-11
88-9
60-9
86-20
20-8
26-21
13-11
20-8
16-16
44-18
67^2
6-18
68-17
83-0
58-17
D. J.
100-16
66-23
67-2
67^2
116-20
62-15
81-8
65-23
66-23
67-2
66-0
77-8
78-7
D. J.
65-23
81-8
88-14
22-9
66-28
89-24
55-23
26-21
26-21
13-11
22-2
22-9
59-21
88-il
13-11
67-2
52-14
67-2
1
1
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5523
31-8
83-14
22-9
55-22
84-24
55-23
26-21
24-16
13-11
209
22-21
59-21
67.
8911
18-11
67-2
62-24
67.
D. J.
53-18
38-0
88-0
24-15
58-9
II6-20I
46-8
26-21
17-22
80-18
13-11
80-13
40-6
80-13
D. J.
67-2
42-12
49-6
20-3
59-4
116-8
56-22
29-2
27-24
17-22
27^24
89-18
89^1
13-11
80-13
33-14
80-13
D. J.
46-24
27-24
32-11
36^29
77-4
36-24
18^1
14-15
IS-il
58-17
5523
89-8
13-11
53-17
53!i7
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100-16
55-28
67-2
67-2
116-20
62-15
81-8
55-23
66-28
68-2
8-24
88-7
Autumn Harvest of the Subah of Ajmer.
14
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.
...
239-6
239-6
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116i-20
86-1
115-8
115-8
115-8
134-4
116-20
81-16
115-20
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55-28
35-20 65-28
67-2
68-2
72-20
67-22
44-18
Common rioe
44-20
23-2 j 44-2
53-17
60-17
67-2
46-24
31-8
44-18
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33-14
29-2
31-7
33-14
33-14
39-3
27-24
18-16
31-8
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60-15
40-6
67-2
76-1
76-1
78-8
72-17
54-0
67-0
Mo(h
24-16
15-16
36-3
26-1
26-1
22-9
40-6
26-21
20-8
Odl
13-15
8-24
38-21
13-15
13-15
15-16
16-16
10-16
38-8
«rty« ...
38-1
24-16
...
38-14
33-14
15-6
...
Ar%an
1722
12-7
55-21
17-22
17-22
17-22
22-9
17-24
55-6
Indigo
134-4
85-11
134-4
111-20
134-4
134-4
134-4
89-11
134-4
Einna
67-2
44-18
67-2
65-23
56-23
67-2
62-16
40.-21
67-2
Hemp
82-19
63-8
87-7
78-8
78-7
89-15
76-13
76-13
53-17
Potherbe
66-22
86-20
62-16
66-23
66-23
62-16
76-13
26-9
62-16
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104
Aiitninn Harvest of the 84hah of Ajmere. — continued.
Koch f ah ...
Singhdrah
Lobiya
Jowdri
Lahdafak ,,,
Kodaram ...
Mandwah ...
Sesame seed
Shamdkh ...
Mdng ...
Kurt
Kalt
U
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D. J.
13-2
116-20
81-20
24-15
20-8
22-8
22-2
83-14
15-6
24-11
21-6
D. J.
8-24
116-20
20-9
11-16
12-8
11-6
14-4
20-8
6-18
16-16
6-18
^•9
D. J.
1811
116-20
22-9
81-8
17-20
88-4
26-21
?•§
D. J.
11-6
116-20
81-8
29-2
22-9
22-9
22-8
88-14
11-6
40-6
8-24
D. J.
16-6
116-20
81.8
29-12
22-9
22-9
22-9
83- 14
11-6
40-6
8-24
38-14
D. J.
13-11
116-20
82-11
32-22
26-18
88-14
26-21
24-16
11-6
86-22
D. J.
18-11
116-20
22-9
42-2
81-8
88-14
26-21
84-17
11-5
42-12
11-6
'4
D. J.
8-24
116-20
18-14
80-0
19-0
27-24
17-22
22-24
6-0
27-10
6-8
22-9
4P
?•§
D. J.
18-11
116-20
22-9
81-8
17-22
88-14
26-21
The rates of the Sarkdrs of Bikdn^r and Sardhi are not given.
The Suhah of Delhi, 8 Sarkdrs, 28 codes.
1. The Sarkdr of Delhi, 48 Parganahs, 7 codes. The old snbur-
ban district, the new ditto Pdlam, Jhdrsah, Masauddbddy Tilpat, Luni^
Shakarpur, Bdghpat, Kdsnah^ Ddsnah, Sulaimdndhdd, Kharkhudah, SSnipat,
TalbSgampur, Taldlpur,
Fdnipat^ &o., 2 Parganahs, 1 code, viz., Pdnipat, Ka/mdl, Safedun,
^utdnah, ChhaprSli, Tdndah JBhagwdn, Chnor, Jhanjhdnah, Kdn^hldk,
OangSrkhera,
Baran, Ac, 8 Parganahs, 1 code. Bara/n, Siydnah^ JSwar, Dankor^
Adh, Pothh, Senthhah, Sikarulardhdd,
Merath, &c., 7 Parganahs, 1 code. MSrath, Hdpur, Bamdwah, Jaldld-
bad, Sarwdrah, Oarh MuktSsar, Hatndwar,^
Jhajhar, &c., 4 Parganahs, 1 code. Jhajhar, Dddri fdha, Mdndothi,
BSri Dobaldhan.
Bohtah, 1 Parganah, 1 code.
PaUl. ditto. ditto.
2. Sarkdr of Baddon,, 16 Parganahs, 1 code. Ajdon, Anolah,
Baddon and suburbs, Bareli, Barsar, P6nd, Telhi, Sahsdon, Sondsi ifon-
dehah, Samyd, Kant, ^ot Sdlbdhan, Golah.
* Hastinapur, Elliot A TieS,
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105
3. Sarkdr of Hisdr Firozah, 18 mahals, 4 codes. Suburbs of Hisdt*
Firozahy <jbc., 7 parganahs, 1 code. Suburbs and city of Hdnsi, Bar-
wdlahy Barwdy Tashdm and Agrohah, 2 mabals, Fatehdhdd. Oohd^iah, <&c., 4
parganahs, 1 code. Qohdnah, Ahroni, BJiaft^ and 16 villages. Sirsd,
1 parganab, 1 code. Muhintj &€., 6 parganabs, 1 code. Muhiniy Rohtak,
Jindy Khdndah, Tohdnah, Afhlcerah,
4. Sarkdr of Bewdri, 11 mabals, 4 codes. Rewdrt, <fec., 8 parganabs.
1 code. Btwdriy Bdwal^ Kof Kdsim Al% Pdfodhiy Bhoharah, GhelSt^ Batdi
Jatdi, Nimrdnah, TdorUy 1 parganab, 1 code. Suhnahf 1 parganab, 1 code.
Kohdnah, 1 parganab, 1 code.
5. Sarkdr of Sahdranpiir, 36 mabals, 4 codes. Deohand, &c., 26
mahals, 1 code. Deohand^ Sahdranpur, Bhatkhanjdwar, Manglor, Ndnoth
Bdmpur, Sarot, Purchhapdr^ Jordd, Sikri Bhukarharij Sarsdwah, Char-
ihdwal, Burki, Baghra, Thdnah Bhewauy Muzuffardhdd, Baepurtdtdry Ambcfh,
Nakor and Toghlakpur, 2 mabals, Bhogpur, Bhaffahy Thdnah Bhtniy SanhaU
rd} Khodi and Gangwah, 2 mabals, Lakhnauti Kerdnah, <&c , 2 parganabs,
1 code. Kerdnah, BSdoli,
Sardhanahy &c., 7 parganab, 1 code. Sardhanah, Bhonah^ SuranpalH,
Badhdnahy Jdli, Khatoli and Baghray 2 mabals. Indri. 1 mahal, 1 code.
6. Sarkar of Sirhind, 2 mabals, 4 codes. Suburbs of Sirhindy
Ac, 13 parganabs. Suburbs of Sirhindy Btipary Pddly Benory Jahaty
Bholahy Dordlahy Deordnahy Khordniy Masenkariy villages of Bde Sarmly
Anbdlah and Kethal, Thinesary <fec., 8 parganabs. Thdnesar, Sddhurdhy
Shdhdbddy Khizrdbddy Mus^afa-dhddy Bhodar, Sultdnpur, Pondri. Thdrah,
tc.j 2 parganabs. Thdrahy Ludhidnah. Samdnahy <fec., 9 parganabs.
Samdnahy Sunndmy Mamurpur, Mdlnery Hdpariy Pondriy Fatehpur and Bha-
tandahy Mdchhipur,
8. Sarkdr of Sanhaly (Samhhal) 47 mabals, 3 codes. City of Sanhal,
Ac., 23 parganabs. City of Sanhaly suburbs of Sanhaly Sarsi, NarSli, Man-
jholahy Jadwdry Qonory Neodhanah, Deorahy Bahhdrsiy Dhakah, Bajahpury
Amrohahy Ujhdri, Kachh, Agtzampury Islimpur DargUy Isldmpur BharUy Afghan-
pur, Chopdlahy Kandarkiy Bachhardon, Qandor, Chdndpury <fec., 16 parganabs.
Chdndpury Sherkofy Bijnaury Manddwary Keratpur, Jaldldbddy Sahanspury
Nahtory Nadinah,^ Akhardhddy Islimdbddy^ Seohdrd and Jhdluy 2 mabals.
Lakhndry <fec., 11 parganabs. Lakhnory Shdhi, Kdhar and Kdnkhari
2 mahals. Hatamnahy Rdjpury Dddelahy LeswaJiy Sarsdwahy Basdrdy Parohi.,^
Sarkdr of Kumdon. (The names of its parganabs are not entered in
theMSS.)
* Sanbalhera, Elliot.
■ So the text and Tieff. hut Elliot.
• £Uiot, Islamahad — the di£Ference in
pronanoiation is accoanted for by the
Imdlah or prononnoiog Fatha like Kasra
— as kxt(b for kitdb ; en nes for an Nds,
♦ Elliot and Tieff. Biroi and Barohu
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110
The Suhah of Lahore contains 8 populated areas^ (Tteff. pagi et oppida)*
1. The area of Lahore, &c. has 20 mahals, 1 code. Area of Lahore, &c.
4 mahals ; metropolitan area, Bdri Dodh ; Barhidsat ;* lands of Panj Bari
Shdhpur : lands of Kdlapand, Bachndu Dodb.
Panjdh, 16 mahals : Tappah^ BhShiwdl of the Bari Bodh, Tappah Bharli,
Tappah Phulwdrt, Fanjgardmi, Sandhwdl,^ 8dhu Mali, Sidhpur, Manhat-
wdlah, Ohdzipur, Ohandanwarak, Amrdki Bhatah, Barsaror^ Bachndu,
Sidhpur Fanchnagar, QarhandwdL
2. Sarkdr of Jdlandhar, 30 mahals. 1 code. Jdlandhar, Sultdnpur,
Shaikhpdr, Melsi, Lohi Bheri, Nakodar, TaUn, Muhammadpur, Midni
Nurtya, Kharkhardon, Bahimdhdd, Jaldldhdd, Hddidhdd, Bdjwdrah, Harhd-
nah, and Akbardbdd, 2 mahals, Balot, Bhonkd, Hdjipur, Pati Dhindt, Ddrdah
Sdhimalot, Andwarah, Dadidl, Kard Jdlar ? 8arkar(?), Deswahah, Chaurdsif
Naunankal, Nobi,
3. Sarkdr of Batdlah, <fcc. 14 mahals, 1 code. Ba((dlah, Kdnuwdhan,
Kaldnor, Jamdri, flanwdd and Bdba, 2 mahals, Thandof, Bdbhdwdlah, KJiokho'
wdl, Paniydl, Bhalot, Kdtwahd and Bethdn, 2 mahals, Salimabad separate
from Batt^lah.
4. Pati Haibatpur, &c., 6 mahals, 1 code. Haihatpur, Hoshidr Kar-
ndlah, Firozpur, Kasur, Muhammadot, Beosah, ?
5. Sarkdr of Parsaror, Ac. 7 mahals, 1 code. Paraaror, MSkri,^ MahaS'
ror, Pati Zafarwdl, Pati Bdrmak, Haminagar,
6. Sarkdr of Bohtds, &c., 9 mahals, 1 code. Bohtds, Kari, Karidli,
Bahni, Andarhal, Losdah, Sardahi, Maldtrai Keddri, Nandanpur.
7. Sarkdr of Sidlkdt, <fco., 11 mahals, 1 code. Sidlkot, Mdnkdt, Wan,
Sddrah, Nardt, Benhd, Jimah Ohatah, Mardt, Mankoknorl Sialkot ?
' The term sawdd is usoally applied
to the towns and villages of Arabian
Irak, as those in Khurasan, are called
rustd}Cf and in Arabia Felix mahhdlif.
* This name does not oocnr in the
account of Lahore later on. The vari-
ants are Barhidtf Barhdt, Barsdhdt, Bar-
sahasdt. It is scarcely necessary to note
that the words Bdri and Rachna in con-'
nection with Dodb are formed by the
crasis of Beds and Rdvij in the former
case, and Bdvi and Chendb in the latter.
• Tappah denotes a small tract or di-
vision of country smaller than a par-
ganah bat comprising one or more
villages. In some parts of the North-
West, it denotes a tract in which there
is one principal town or a large village
with lands and villages dependent on
them : or a cluster of villages acknow-
ledging the supremacy of one amongst
them and forming a sort of corporate
body, although not otherwise identical.
Wilson's Gloss.
^ In the account of Lahore. Sandhicdn,
* In TiefiFenthaler this is placed in the
Bachna Dodh.
' This and the following name in the
account of Lahore Maukri and Mahror.
* Uncertain for want of diacritical
points.
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Ill
8. Saridr of Haedrahy Ac., 16 mahals, 1 code. Hazdrah, Chandanwat
of the Ohendu Dodb, Bherah, Khdkharwdl, KhusMb, Kal Bheldk,^ Khdr
Darwdzah^ Tdral, 8h6r, Shamshdhdd, separate from Bherah, Shdrjpur separate
from Chandanwat, Shakarpur separate from Shdr*
Spring Harvest of the Suhah of Lahore.
4
4
i
4
u
Pk
4
4
1
4
1
QQ
6
D. J
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
Wheat
60-13
49-6
63-17
63-17
63-17
44.18
33-17
55-23
Cabal Vetches..
64-21
...
•••
60-10
70-16
...
36-20
33-14
36-20
33-14
•••
31-8
36-20
84-17
Barley
46-0
36-20
38-0
88-0
...
81-8
38-0
38-0
Adas...
26-21
24-16
24-16
24-16
•••
22-9
23-21
29-2
Safflower
79-10
79-10
78-10
79-2
•••
67-2
78-7
79-10
Popp7
129-17
129-17
129-17
129-17
...
116-20
129-18
129-17
Potherhe
71-14
67-2
67-2
67-2
..•
65-20
67-0
67-2
Linseed
31-8
27-24
27-24
31-8
...
22-9
29-22
31-8
Mustard seed .
31-8
29-2
81-8
81-8
•••
26-21
31-8
35-21
Anon •!
21-6
19-0
19-0
21-6
•..
15-16
20-3
20-8
Pew ...
24-16
26-21
27-4
2621
••(
26-21
81-8
27-24
Carrots
24-16
26-18
24-16
24-16
«••
19-0
24-15
24-15
Onions
83-21
83-21
86-18
83-21
...
71-13
83-21
84-24
Fenngreek
50-8
46-24
61-12
40-6
...
60-10
67-2
36-23
Persiaii Water Melons ...
116-20
116-20
116-20
116-20
...
89-16
111-20
111-20
Indian ditto
15-16
16-16
16-16
16-16
...
11-13
15-16
15-16
Cnmmin
67-5
84-24
84-6
87-6
,.
81-4
84-24
87-6
Ajwdin
87-6
84-24
84-0
87-0
...
71-4
84-34
87-6
Autumn Harvest of the Subah of Lahore.
Sngarcane (paundah)
Common Sugarcane
Dark oolonred rice
Common rice
Kalt
Mash
Cotton
I
D. J.
240-12
145-9
64-21
4d-5
82-11
36-20
80-16
D. J.
240-12
136-10
60-9
40-6
31-8
33-4
85-0
D. J.
240-12
145-0
60-15
40-6
81-8
85-20
87-6
D. J.
240-12
134-4
60-16
46-24
30-5
33-14
88-5
D. J.
240-12
123-0
68-4
46-121
32-15
33-14
89-15
I
D. J.
183-121
123-0
60-8
83-14
26-21
81-8
76-5
^
D. J.
67-0
41-9
31-8
35-20
77-6
^
«
240-12*
170-16
66-0
49-6
29-2
86-23
91-18
^ In the acconnt of Lahor, Bhalak,
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112
Autumn Harvest i
yftheSuhah
of Lahore.^
continued.
4
i
3
4
4
i.
4
c
eg
M
a
4
1
i
i
6
J
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
Moth
20-9
22-9
23-23
22-9
22-9
20-3
23-12^
23-121
Odl
1722
15-16
17-20
17-20
15-16
13-12
16-15
19-0
Turiya
,,,
33-14
85-20
26-21
...
31-8
38-0
•••
Arzan
20-9
17-0
17-22
22-9
15-22
14-14
17-22
29-2
Indigo
156-23
156-13
156-13
156-13
156-13
134-4
134-18
158-19
Hirma
70-0
70-0
74-23
76-0
74-23
67-6
74-23
77-24
Hemp ...
93-23
93-23
93-23 1 93-23 |
89-15
80-12
93-23
93-23
Potherbs
80-121
80-17
80-17
80-12i
80-17
60-9
70-17
80-12i
Kachrah
12-8
12-8
12-8
12-8
12-8
10-6
12-8
13-11
Pdn
123-15,123-15
...
123-15
...
•••
...
123-15
Singhdrah
116-20
115-20
...
115-20
...
««•
•••
115-20
Jowdri
40^6
35-20
88-0
88-0
35-20
81-8
38-0
38-0
Lahdarah
31-8
29-2
305
29-2
26-21
24-15
23-2
31-8
Kodaram
33-U
85-20
34-17
81-8
33-14
31-8
35-20
35-20
Mandwah
33-14
31-8
31-8
32.15
26-21
, 26-21
21-20
32-15
Sesame
46-24
42-12
42- 12 J
44-18
40-6
33-14
42-12i
46-24
8ha7ndkh
13-15
12-20
12-8
12-8
12-9
10-2
12-8
13-15
Mung
40-12*
,,,
• .a
...
40-6
26-21
44-18
44-18
Kori
13-16
12-8
12-8
12-8
15-5
10-2
12-8
12-8
Turmerio
133-0
133-0
138-0
184-4
133-0
115-20
134-4
133-20
Slubah of Mdlwah,
1. SarMr of Ujjatn, 10 mahals. City of Ujjain with suburban dis-
trict, Dipdlpur, Bafldm, Ndldi, Badhndwar, Kanel^ Anhal, Khdchrod^ Sdnwer,
Pdnhihdr,
2. SarJcdr of Hindiahy 22 malials.
3. „ „ Kotriy 9 do.
4. „ „ Sdrangpur, 23 do.
5. „ „ Bijagafhf 32 do.
6. „ „ KakroUf 11 do.
7. Sarkdrs of Baisin and Chanderi^ 1 code. Sarlcdr of Baiain, Asd-
port, &c., 6 mahals. BUlsah, Bhori, Bhojpur, Bdldbhaf, Thdnah Mir Khdn,
Jdjoi, Jhatdnawi, Jalodahy Khiljipur^ Blidnioniy Dekhwdrah, Deorod^ Dhdniah,
Baisin with suburban district, Sewdni, Sarsiah, Shdhpur, Khimldsah, Khera^
Kesorah, Khdmgarhy Kargarh, Kordi, Laharpur, Mdhsamand. Sarkdr of
MandOf 12^ mahals. City of Mando, Amjharah^ MakSsar, Bikthdn, Dkarm-
gdon, Sdnkor, Fanmdn^^ Dhdr^ Barodah, Hdsilpur, Sandsi, Kofrah, Mandwarah
Ngtlchah and Nawali^ 2 mahals.
* In the account ot Mdlwah, 16 mahals is allotted to this Sarkdr,
* Var. Bcmau or Peman, probably. Batman.
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118
SUahof MuUdn.
Sarhdr of Dipdlpur. Dtpalpur, Ac., 14 mahals ; one Bastwr ; Dtpdl-
pits Lahhi bald Bhoj^ Lakhi Kalndrki, Lakhi Ttisfdniy^ Lakhi. Khokhardin,
J^abulah, Lakhi Sahtmdhddj Lakhi Chahnif Lakhi Kiydmpur, Lakhi Jangli,
Lakhi Adlampur, Jaldldbdd^ Tappah Sadkarah, 2 mahals. Tappah, Sad-
htira\ Shakzddah Baloj, Karal,^ Khdnpur, BaMpur^ Shahzddah Hajrau,
Mundi.
Spring Harvest of the Suhah
of Multdn.
Wheat
Cabal Vetches
Birley
Aiai
Safflower
Poppy
Pot-herbs ...
Linseed
Mustard seed
Anan
Peas*
Carrots
Ooioiis
Fenugreek ...
Peniaa mnsk melons ..
Indian do.
Cumin ... ..
fir riee
ijiotfm
Spring Harvest of the Suhah
of Mdltvah.
D.J.
D. J.
D.J.
63-17
44-18
51-11
49^6
sd-'s
36I20
44-5
24-15
47-14
73-20
78-20
70-8
115-20
128-16
129-0
67-2
70-16
67-2
29-2
31-8
441*18
29-2
31-2
29-2
20-17
20-3
...
28-12
25-17
••■
22-9
86-1
71-14
74-7
72-18
69-20
39-8
44-18
••■
116-0
115-20
22-9
15-16
15-16
73-20
74-8
77-11
...
4
4
1
1
M.8 D.
J.
D. J.
29-20
40-12
46-24
80-6
D. J.
3i 2
13
69-20
••••••
4i 5
20
127-16
H 2
18
60-9
81-8
8i 2
18
16.12
31-8
... •••
27-24
8i "i"
8
116-'2b
15-0
46-2
85-0
86-2
... *••
....a.
......
^ I^Adni in the account of MtUtdn,
S Khtiral ibid.
* if. stands for MuxafaH, see Vol. I,
p. 28.
* In this and the table of the Spring
15
harvest of Lahore I consider «-^*^ a
misprint for *-^^^^ which occurs in
this order in all the previous tables.
*-^>*, the FhaseoliM mwngOj is record-
ed only in the Autumn harvest.
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114
Autumn BarveH of the Sihah
of Multdn.
Autumn Harvest of the Suhah
of Mdkoah,
•a
as
4i
4
1
4
•a
D. J.
D. J.
D. J.
M. D. J.
D. J.
M. D. J.
BngaroMie (jMundah) ...
...
240-12
240-11
7i 1 81
239-6
Common Sugarcane ...
134-4
126.9
143-3
4i 5 8
48-15
6 10
Dark oolonred rice ...
60-3
64-21
70-13
Common rice
49-6
49-15
49-5
553
Kalt
...
27-24
31.3
46-6
Mdsh
40-0
82-11
35.20
Cotton
98.23
87-5
89.11
2} 1 2
87-5
2f 3 1
Moth
38-0
22.9
2312
• ...
26-21
Qdl
26-21
17-22
19 0
• •••
8-3
.. ...
Anan ... ...
31.20
23-12
22-9
• • • •
• • . •
Indigo
145.9
158-19
159.22
2} 1 2
4-24
......
Einna
76-0
76-0
76-0
... •••
• .••
2i 1 1
Hemp
85.0
91-17
93-23
• . • •
Pot-herba ...
78-20
77-4
82-18
• • • •
Fdn
123-0
...
• . • •
••••••
Smgh&nih. ...
...
111-0
...
4i 6 20
115-20
6i 4 7
Lobiya
Joioari
38-0
38-0
33-14
...
• . • •
42-12
35-20
38-0
44-18
K4H
...
13.11
12-8
15-16
Lahdardh
44-18
29.2
81-2
• . • •
Kodaram
33-14
3314
• • • •
Man&wah
8019
31-8
31-8
Sesame
41-9
43-15
44.18
40-12
Bhamdkh
12-8
12-8
13-11
Mdng
...
...
•«. •••
40-5
Note. — I cannot nnderstand nor explain the notation in Mnsaffaris and am not
sure if I hare interpreted it correctly.
The term Dostur u'{ 4^"^^ ^sb been translated by me, at p. 89, et 8eq, " reyenne
code ** according to the definition in Wilson's Glossary, hot daat^r alone, without the
sequent words in construction, he defines to be a subdiyision of a aarhdr or aggregate
of seyeral adjacent parganahtf a sense in which it is now obsolete. I haye since noticed
in Sir H. Elliot's Glossary that he considers dastAr as " perhaps " an abbreyiation of
Da8i4r u'l 4mal (the code of instructions for Beyenue Officers) and under ' Sirhdr,* he
explains it as a '* district " into which parganahs are aggregated, and his maps of the
K. W. P. attempt to restore the Borkdrs and Aasturs established in Akbar's time. This
meaning seems here the most appropriate and must supersede the definition I had
g^yen before the opportunity of consulting his yaluable work was afforded me. The
fiscal areas are thus designated. Each sibah is diyided into a certain number of
zarkd^Sf and each saxkdr into por^afwi^ or mahaU (used as equiyalent expressions). The
term parganah is employed in the Imperial QaneUer as a fiscal diyision and the tenito-
rial unit and centre of local history, coinciding generally with the dominions of a native
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Bija under the Moghal dynagty whose revenue dlTisionB preserved the limits of their
petty States. The words nsed before Akbar's time to denote tracts of country larger
Uian the par^onoA were J^ Shakk, ^^^ Khittah, *^ Arsah, jk:> Diydr, *^.h
Villyet, and ^^' I^^. Thus, says Elliot, in the early historical writers before the
close of the 14fth century, we find Shakk i S&minah, Ehittah i Awadh, ^rsah i Gorakpur,
Dijar i Lakhnauti, Yiliiyat i Mi&n Doab, and Iktd i Karra.
ACCOUNT OP THE TWELVE SITBAHS.
In the fortieth^ year of the Divine Era His Majesty's dominions consisted
of one hundred and five Sarkdrs (division of a Sdbah) subdivided into two
thonsand seven hundred and thirty-seven townships. When the ten years'
settlement of the revenue was made (which amounted to an annual rental
of three Arhs? sixty-two hrdrs, ninety-seven lakha^ fifty-five thousand two
hundred and forty-six dams and twelve lakhs of betel leaves), His
Majesty apportioned the Empire into twelve divisions, to each of which
be gave the name of Subah and distinguished them by the appella-
tion of the tract of country or its capital city. These were Allahabad,
igra, Oudh, Ajmer, Ahmaddbdd, Behdr, Bengal, Dehli, Kabul, Labor,
Kultan, Malwah : and when Ber£r, Khandesh and A^imadnagar were con-
quered, thoir number was fixed at fifteen. A brief description of each is
here get down, and an account of their rulers together with the periods in
which they flourished, duly recorded.
THE SITBAH OF BENGAL.
Since the conceptions of sovereign rule embrace the universe, I propose
to begin with Bengal which is at one extremity of Hindustdn and to pro-
ceed to Zabulistan^ and I hope that Tur4n and Iran and other countries
may be added to the count. The country lying to the east will be first
described, followed by the north, the south, and the west.
This Subah is situated in the second climate.* Its length from
* A. D. 1594-6.
' One hundred thonsand make 1 LaJeh.
„ yy Lakhs „ 1 Kr6r,
One hnndrd Kr6r „ 1 Arab.
The total revenue is therefore Ru-
pees 90,743,881-2.5.
* Kibul and the adjaoent territory as
fscaa Ghazna and even beyond come
under this appellation which is derived
hf Yiipity (Maajama'l Bnld&n) from
2ibiil {grandfather of Bostam.
* This term, literally a slope or inclina-
tion, was nsed in the mathematical geogra-
phy of the Greeks with reference to the
inclination of various parts of the earth's
surface to the plane of the equator. Be-
fore the globular figure of the earth was
known, it was supposed that there was
a general slope of its surface from S. to
N. and this was called wA/jua. But as
the science of mathematical geography
adyanced, the word was applied to belts
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Chittagong to Oarhi^ is fonr hundred feJA Its breadth from the
northern range of mountains to the southern frontier of the Sarhdr
of Maddran, is two hundred kos, and when the country of Orissa
was added to this Suhah^ the additional length was forty-three ko$
and the breadth twenty-three. It is bounded on the east by the
sea, on the north and south by mountains and on the west by the
Subah of Behar. The tract of country on the east called Bhdti^^ is
of the earth's snrfaoe, divided by lines
parallel to the equator, those lines being
determined by the different lengths, at
different places, of the shadow cast by a
gnomon of the same altitnde, at noon of
the same day. This diyision into
climates was applied only to the N.
hemisphere as the geographers had no
practical knowledge of the earth S. of
the eqnator. There ware 19 climates as
given by Ptolemy {Qeogr, i, 23). The
term was afterwards applied to the
average temperature of each of these
regions and henoe onr modem nse of the
word, (Diet, of Antiq. 2nd ed. art
Climates.) The Arabs adopted this system
but restricted the number to seven.
They considered three-foorths of the
globe to be submerged and one-fourth
above water. Of this latter H was ha-
bitable and the remainder waste or
desert. The habitable portion was
83,150,000 square miles in extent, each
mile being 4000 cubits, each cubit 24
digits. It was situated between the
Equator and the N. pole and was divided
into 7 climates. Their position and the
limits of the divisions will be found in
Yaktit. M. B. Vol. I, p. 25 sq. and in
DeSlane's translation of Ibn Khald6n,
pp. 93 — 168 et sq. Vol. I. An account
of the corresponding geographical sys-
tem of the Hindus may be seen in
Wilford's Essay on the Sacred Isles of
the West. Asiat. Research, Yol. YIII
and in Albirimi's India, Gaps. 21 — ^24.
^ This is Teliagarhi, a pass in the
Santhil Parganahs, Bengal,1yiog between
the Bijmahil hills on the S. and the
Ganges on the N. Formerly of strategio
importance as commanding the military
approaches to Bengal Proper. The
ruins of a large fort still exist, through
which the E. I. Bailway passes. It
seems never to have been completed and
was constructed in the last century by
the Teli namiiiddr who was forcibly oon-
verted by the Mubammadans. Henoe
the name of the fort and the parganak
in which it is situated. Imp. Gazetteer.
I retain the ordinary spelling of Chitta-
gong. Ghatgiof or Ghaturgrama, i. 9.,
/our vUUiffes, denotes its origin. Wil-
ford has another dwivation and iden-
tifies it with the Pentapolis of Ptolemy.
(Asiatic Research, XIY, p. 444.)
' The linear measures are variable all
over India but the kda is for convenience
generally taken at two English miles.
The basis of all linear systems is the
same, vt»., the cubit or human forearm.
Proceeding upwards four hdths or cubits
»a danda or staff : and 2000 dandas a has
which by this calculation should be 4000
yards English or nearly 2\ miles. I refer
the reader to the Useful Tables, p. 87,
for a fuller account of these measures.
Also to Elliot. Races, N. W. P. II, 194.
' The name given by the Mnhamma-
dan historians to the coast-strip of the
Sundarbans from Hijili to the Meghna
Lat. 20* aC to 22* SO* N., long. 88° to
91^ 14' E. The name means *Mow
lands overflowed by the tide" and is
still applied to the Sundarban tracts of
Khulna and 64kargan j Districts. I. G.
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reckoned a part of this province. It is ruled by Tea Afghia\ and the
* Kkuibah is read and the coin straok in the name of his present Majesty.
In this oonntry the mango trees grow to the height of a man or not
80 high and produce abundant fruit. Adjoining it, is an extensive
tract of country inhabited by the Tipperah tribes. The name of the ruler
if Bijwy Mdnik, Whosoever obtains the chieftainship, bears the title
of M6mk after his name, and the nobles that of Nardin. He has a force
of two hundred thousand footmen and a thousand elephants. Horses
are scarce. To the north is a country called Kuch, Its chief com-
mands a thousand horse and a hundred thousand foot. Kdmrup com-
monly called also Kdonru and Kdmtdy is subject to him. The inhabitants
are as a race good looking and addicted to the practice of magic.
Sb-ange stories are told regarding them. It is said that they build houses,
of which the pillars, walls and roofs are made of men. Some of these
tbej compel by the power of sorcery, and criminals deserving of death
an also thus made use of « Whoever voluntarily surrenders himself for
tins purpose, escapes retribution for a year. Various conveniences are
nserved for him. In due time, men armed with swords cut them
down, and from their movements or immobility or other aspects, they
liave cognizance of scarcity or plenty or duration of years or the longevity
of the ruler or defeat of enemies.' They also cut open a pregnant
woman who has gone her full term of months and taking out the child,
divine somewhat as to the future. There grows a wonderful tree whose
branches when cut, exude a sweet liquid which quenches the drought of
those a-thirst. They have also a mango tree^ that has no trunk ; it trails
like a climbing vine, over a tree and produces fruit. There is likewise
* See VoL I, p. 842. The name also
oocnrs in the Bidau's 8alc4{n, p. 5, MS.
whra^ this general is said to have con-
fvered some of the Eastern provinces
tmd imifced them to Bengal, reading the
hkmtbah and minting the coin under the
authority of Akhar.
* The anthor of the Siyar nl Mnta-
akhkfairfn in the introduction to his
work, in his aoconnt of Beng^ quotes
this narratiye of the magical prac-
tioea in Kimrdp, and gravely adds that
he has learnt from the authorities of
the place itself, their absolute false-
indebted to Dr. King of the
Bojal Botanical Gkurdens, Calcutta, for
a view of the specimens of this plant,
the WUlughbeia edulie. It is known
to natives of Bengal, Assam and the
Chittagong Hill tracts, he says, as the
Loti A'm [Loii, perhaps a corruption:
of lata, a creeper) hut hotanically is
far removed from Jbhe true mango. The
fruit is said to he pleasant to taste.
The leaf of the dried specimen is very
similar to the ordinary mango leaf : the
fruit is about 2^ inches long and 2^
hroad as it appears in its desiccated
state. I am assured hy a native friend
that he has seen the plant growing in the
neighbourhood of Calcutta.
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\^
a flower* which after it has been gathered for two months, does not wither
nor lose its colour or smell. Of this they make necklaces.
Bordering on this country are the dominions of the Bajah of* Asha m
(Assam) whose great pomp and state are subjects of general report. When
he dies, his principal attendants of both sexes voluntarily bury themselves
alive in his grave. Neighbouring this is Lower Tibet and to its left
is Khata.^ This is also called Mdhdchin which the vulgar pronounce
Mdchm. From Khdn Bdligh^ its capital, to the ocean, a forty days*
journey, they have cut a canal both sides of which are embanked with stone
I
^ Mr. Mann, Conservator of forests,
Shillong, informs me that many kinds
of flowers are worn, bnt the only one
that he has seen worn dry, and which
to some extent retains its smell and
colour, is the Tulsi, (Ocymam Sanctum).
* China for nearly 1000 years, writes
Yule {Marco Poio, 2nd ed. Introd. p. 11)
has been known to Asia under the name
of Khitai, Khata or Cathay and is still
called Khitai by the Russians. " The
pair of names Khitai and Machin is
analogous to the other pair, Seres and
Sinai. Seres was the name of the great
nation in the far East as known by land,
Sinai as known by sea : and they were
often supposed to be diverse just as
Cathay and China were afterwards.*
D'Herbelot gives the name of Khathai
or Khatha to northern China whose
ruler the Khdl^an, according to Eastern
romance or tradition, joined his forces
to those of Afrdsiib, king of Tartary
against Kai Khusru king of Persia. The
monarchs of this country in the time
of Chingiz Khin, bore the title of Al-
toun Khin, and in the time of Tamar-
lane and his successors, that of Daiman
Khin. The latter is a western corrup-
tion of Tai-mim— great brilliancy, Mim
being the dynastic title taken by the
Chinese conqueror who expelled the
Mongols and was proclaimed Emperor
in 1368. In the time of Chengiz, China
was divided into Northern which com-
prized ono-third, and Southern which
included the remaining two-thirds. The
former was under a Tartar chief, the
latter ruled by a Chinese Emperor,
paying tribute to the Tartar, who
might be thus said to be monarch of the
whole of China or Khathai which em*
bodies that meaning. See D'Herbelot
Vol. II, art. Khathai and IV, p. 17 et
seq. — Japhet is credited by Orientals
with the paternity of Chin who received
the celestial empire as his inheritance
and begot Machin, his first-bom. For
Sinai and Serik^ see Ptolemy's India
by McCrindle. The Chatae Scjthae are
placed by Ptolemy to the north of bis
A'kha88a regio^ identified by Cunningham
with Ladik, and therefore west of Tibet.
The name has perhaps survived with
oriental geography.
' De Guignes (Hist, des Huns, gives
this name to Pekin called also Ta-
ton the grand court or Kh&n fiiligh,
the court of the Khdn. The extent
and opulence of this city and the
splendour in which Kublai Khan lived
will be found in the reference, bnt
several towns have received this name
which as it signifies the royal residence
is transferable to any that the monarch
may honour with his presence. It is
the Camhalu of Western geographers
and historians and placed by them in
Northern China or Grand Tartary, while
the Orientals locate it in China Proper.
Those conflicting locations are due to
ignorance of the meaning of the name.
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and morlar. Alexander of Greece advanced to that conntry by this
ronte.^ Another road is also mentioned which can be traversed in four
dajs and four nights.
To the south-east of Bengal is a considerable tract called Arakan
whicb possesses the port of Ohittagong, Elephants abound, but horses
are scarce and of small size.^ Camels are high priced : cows and buffaloes
there are none, but there is an animal^ which has somewhat of the char-
acteristics of both, piebald and particoloured, whose milk the people drink.
Their religion is said to be different to that of the Hindus and Mnham-
madans. Sisters may marry their own twin brothers, and they refrain
only from marriages between a son and his mother. The ascetics, who
are their repositaries of learning, they style Wali whose teaching they
implicitly follow. It is the custom when the chief holds a court, for the
wives of the military to be present, the men themselves not attending to
make their obeisance. The complexion of the people is dark and the
nen have little or no beard.
Near to this tribe is Fegu which is also called Chin, In some ancient
aoooonts it is set down as the capital city of Ohtn, There is a large
military force of elephants and infantry, and white elephants are to be
rM
Kinkorum was the first Kh£n Bdligh
of the Mongols. Besides Pekin, a city
called Kai'pim-foUj built hj Kablai Khan
in 1256 seventy leagnes north of Pekin,
bore this title. The bewilderment of a
student of Chinese history in the mnlti-
tade of almost similar names, applied
to different places, by snccessive dynas-
tic races, eager to abolish the traces of
itfl predecessor, is amnsingly illustrated
in D^Herbelot, Vol. IV, p. 24 ^ seq. and
Yule*8 Marco Polo, Vol. I, pp. 309-324
»eq.
* In B. C. 329 Alexander crossed
the Oxus in pursuit of Bessus and after
patting him to death, he passed the
Juartes (Sir Daria) and defeated several
Scythian tribes north of that river.
Tbis was the northernmost point that
he reached. After fonnding Alexandria
Bschata, the modem Khojend on the
Jaxartes, he re-crossed the Oxus. In
the following year he completed the
wnquert of Sogdiana, and marched
south to Bactria and in the spring of
B. C. 327, passed the Indus at Attok.
• In one MS. yL occurs for c^jL
which connected with the following
word y^ would read " asses anji
camels ** as Gladwin has taken it. The
reading of the text appears to me more
probable. In the names of places I have
followed as far as possible the spelling
of the Imperial Gazetteer.
■ The domestic animals of the Arakan
Hill Tracts according to the Imp. Gaz.
are the gayal, buffalo, ox, goat, pig
dog. "The Gayal {Bos Frontalis) has
interbred with the common Indian cattle ;
these hybrids are brought down by the
Butiahs to the annual fair in the Dar-
rung District : though they thrive in
Shillong they soon die if kept in the
plains. The Gayal is plentiful along the
spurs of the Bhutin hills, amongst the
Dofflas, Lushais, and along the hilly
tract well into Chittagong." Sport in
British Bunnah by Lieut.-Col. Pollock.
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fonnd. On one side of it is Arakan,^ There are mines of rabies, dia-
monds, gold, silver, copper, naptha and sulphur, and over these mines
there is continual contention between this country and the Maghs as well
as the tribes of Tipperah.
The original name of Bengal was Bang. Its former rulers raised
mounds measuring ten yards in height and twenty in breadth throughout
the province which were called Alfi From this suflSx, the name Bengal
took its rise and currency. The summer heats are temperate and the cold
season very short. The rains begin when the sun is midway in Taurus,
(May) and continue for somewhat more than six months, the plains being
under water and the mounds alone visible. For a long time past, at the
end of the rains, the air had been felt to be pestilential and seriously
affected animal life, but under the auspices of his present Majesty, this
calamity has ceased.
Its rivers are countless and the first of them in this province is the
Ganges : its source cannot be traced. The Hindu sages say that it flows down
from the hair of Mahadeva's head. Rising in the mountains towards the north,
it passes through the province of Delhi, and imperial Agra, and Allahabad
and Beh&r into the province of Bengal, and near ^dzihattalfi in the Sarkar
of Bdrbakdbdd, it divides into two streams. One of these, flowing east-
wards, falls into the sea at the port of Chittagong. At the parting of the
waters, it takes the name of Padrndtoati and pursues a southern course.
It is divided into three streams ; one, the Sarsuti ;♦ the second the Jamna
( Jamuna) and the third the Ganges, called collectively in the Hindi language
Triheniy^ and held in high veneration. The third stream after spreading
into a thousand channels, joins the sea at Sdtgdonfi The SairsuH and
^ All the MS. and the Khuldsat-ut-
TMJodr^kh read ^5^*^. The author of
the Siyar has a shrewder oonjeotnre
( ij^jt ) which I have adopted. Ara-
kan is the silver country (Argyra) of
Ptolemy, though according to MoCrin-
dle no silver is known to exist in that
region.
' Sanik. ^VTf% a mound of earth or
ridge for crossing ditches, dividing fields
and the like.
' Anglioe, GoasimbaMor,
^ Usually Saraawati, though the spell-
ing in the text has ancient authority.
Imp. Gaz. This name according to
McGrindle has been frequently gfiven
to rivers (being a compound of saras,
* flowing water,' and the affix vati) and
applied among others to the river of
Arakhosia, probably the Helmand.
• Sansk. fwWl three braids of hair.
Wilford says (Asiatic Besearch. YoL
XIY, p. 896) that the waters of these
three rivers do not mix. The waters of
the Jumna are blue, those of the Saras-
vati white and the Ganges is of a muddy
yellowish colour.
* See Statistical Account of Bengal,
Yol. Ill, pp. 307-810 and Imp. Gaz.
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the Jamna unite with it. In praise of this stream the Hinda sages have
written Yolnmes. From its source to its mouth it is considered sacred
but some spots have a peculiar sanctity. Its water is carried as an offering
of price to fiar distant places. Believing it to be a wave of the primeval
river, they hold its worship to be an adoration of the supreme being, but
tliis is no part of the ancient tradition.^ Its sweetness, lightness and
wbolesomeneBS attest its essential virtues. Added to this, it may be kept
in a vessel for years without undergoing change.
Another river is the Brahmaputra^ It flows from Khati^ to Kuch
and thence through the Sarkdr of Basoha and fertilising the country,
falls into the sea.
And again there is the sea which is here a gulf of the great ocean,
extending on one side as far as Basrah and on the other to the Egyptian
?nlzum^ and thence it washes both Persia and Ethiopia where are Dahlak*
and Sti^kin, and is called (the Gulf of) Oman and the Persian Sea.
The principal cultivation is rice of which there are numerous kinds.
If a single grain of each kind were collected, they would fill a large vase.
It k sown and reaped three times a year on the same piece of land with
Me injury to the crop. As fast as the water rises, the stalks grow, so
^t the ear is never immersed, inasmuch as those experienced in such
matters have taken the measure of a single night's growth at sixty cubits.^
The people are submissive and pay their rents duly. The demands of each
/
' "This superstition is not to be
found in the earliest books of Sanskrit
literature, composed at a time when the
primitiTe Aryan race had not yet pene-
trated into the great plain of Eastern
Hindustan. The legend first appears
ia the two epio poems of the Mahabhii-
lata and Bimiyana" I. Gr.
' Its rise is supposed to be from
the S. £. base of the sacred Kailas hill,
on the opposite side of the water-part-
ing in which the Sntlej and the Indns
also take their rise. Its coarse, con-
fluents and history may be read in the
L G. and BemonlU, Vol. Ill, p. 111.
' This is the ancient Clysma, the site
rf the modem Snez, in the neighbour-
hood ci which the Tel £nlzum still re-
tains the name which has been given
to the Bed Sea. It is derived from the
16
qnadriteral root of the Arabic verb * to
swallow,' which that sea is said to
deserve from its unmerons victims. —
Yal^ut Mn'jam iil Bnld&n.
^ This is the well-known island Dah-
lak el Kabir, opposite Massonah. Ya^nt
says that it was nsed by the Bani
Umayya as a place to which subjects
under their displeasure were deported.
This passage recalls a similar one in Albi-
runi's India, I, p. 270. Sachau's trans] .
• The long stemmed rice, according
to the I. G. is extensively cultivated in
the swamps. The seed is sown whea
the marshes are dry or nearly so, and
when the rains set in the plant shoots
up with the rise of the water and can
be grown in water to a depth of from 18
to 20 feet, but even this is not in one
night. Gladwin has six for sixty.
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year are paid by instalments in eight months, they themselves bringing
mohurs and rupees to the appointed place for the receipt of revenue, as the
division of grain between the government and the husbandman is not here
customary. The harvests are always abundant, measurement is not insisted
upon, and the revenue demands are determined by estimate of the crop.
His Majesty in his goodness has confirmed this custom. Their staple food
is rice and fish ; wheat, barley and the like not being esteemed wholesome.
Men aud women for the most part go naked wearing only a cloth about
the loins. The chief public transactions^ fall to the lot of the women.
Their houses are made of bamboos, some of which are so constructed that
the cost of a single one will be five thousand rupees or more and they last
a long time. Travelling is by boat, especially in the rains, and they make
them of different kinds for purposes of war, carriage or swift sailing. For a
siege they are so adapted that when run ashore, they overtop the fort and
facilitate its capture. For land travel they employ the Sukhdsan, This is
a crescent-shaped litter covered with camlet or scarlet cloth and the like,
the two sides of which have fastenings* of various metals and a pole
supporting it is attached by means of iron hooks. It is conveniently
adapted for sitting in, lying at full length or sleeping during travel. As
a protection against sun and rain they provide a commodious covering
which is removable at pleasure. Some enjoy the luxury of riding on
elephants but tbey rarely take to horseback. The mats made here often
resemble woven silk. Tria^ inde genera eunuchorum veniunt, quos San-
dalos, Badaraos et Kafuros nuncupant. Priores, partibus genitalibus
radicaliter exsectis, A^lises etiam nominant. Bad^mis pars solum penis
relinquitur. Kafuros adhuc teneroe 89tatis, testes vel compressi conficiuntur
vel exsecantur : tamen notatum est, castrationem, quae pervicaciam caeteris
omnibus animalibns tollit, hominibus solis excitare. Salt is in great
demand and is brought from long distances. Diamonds, emeralds, pearls,
cornelians and agates are imported. Flowers and fruit are in plenty.
The betel-nut is of a kind that stains of a red colour the lips of those
who chew it.
Jannatdbdd is an ancient city : for a time, it was the capital of Bengal
and was widely known as Lakhnauti and for a while as Qaur. His Majesty
* The anthor of the Araish-i-MaJ^fil
who copies his acoonnt from the Khula*
\/ fat-ul-Tawarikh disputes this statement,
(p. HI.)
' The text is here doubtful as to the
true reading.
' I hare imitated the example of
Gladwin in veiling the following passage
under the mask of a learned language
and with a slight alteration have bor-
rowed his words.
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123
tbe late Emperoi' Hnm^ydn distlDguished it by this title of Jannatdbad.^
It has a fine fort and to the eastward of it is a lake called Ohhatidpatid^
in which are many islands. Were the dam that confines it to break, the
city would be nnder water. About a kos to the north of the fort, is a
large building and a reservoir, monuments of great antiquity. From time
immemorial^ its water has been considered to be of a poisonous character.
The phwje was called Piydshdri,^ and criminals condemned to death, were
there confined who in a short time perished from the effects of this
hrackish water. At present in the blessed reign of His Majesty, this
practice has been discontinued.
Mahmuddbdd, — The marshes around the fort have added to its im-
pregnability. The ruler of this district, at the time of its conquest by
Sher Ehdn, let some of his elephants loose in its forests from which time
they have abounded. Long pepper* grows in this tract.
The Sarkdr of KhaUfatdhdd is well wooded and holds wild elephants.
The Sarkdr of Bagld^ extends along the sea shore. The fort is snr-
iwmded by woods. On the first day of the new moon the sea steadily
rises until the fourteenth, and from the fifteenth till the end of the month
as gradually falls. In the 29th year of the Divine Era, a terrible
inundation occurred at three o'clock in the afternoon, which swept over
the whole Sarkdr. The Rajah held an entertainment at the time. He
at once embarked on board a boat, while his son Parmdnand Rae with
some others climbed to the top of a temple and a merchant took refuge
in a high loft. For four hours and a half the sea raged amid thunder
and a hurricane of wind. Houses and boats were engulfed but no damage
occurred to the iemple or the loft. Nearly two hundred thousand living
creatures perished in this flood.
In the Sarkdr of Ohoraghdtj^ silk is produced and a kind of sackcloth.
Numbers of eunuchs are here and hill ponies in plenty are procurable.
^
* This is confirmed by the Tabakdt
Akbari. Elliot»B Hist of India, Vol. V,
p. 201. In Bernoulli's 3rd Vol. the nama
is said erroneonslj to be given by Akbar.
The history of Gaur will be found in the
Imp. Gaz.
* Called Chhatalbhatah by the author
oftheArdish-i-Mabfil.
• • The abode of thirst.' So the I. G. ;
the tert has Biarhdri a variant Pidzbdri.
• Thia is the Piper longum, a native
of Java, Malabar and Bengal. The
fruit is gathered while green and dried
in the sun.
• In the Siyar nl Mntaakhirin, Hugla
and said to be called so from the well-
known grass of that name (Typha ele-
phantina) which here abounds.
• In the Riizn's SaUtin, this name is
coupled with Rangpfir, and ponies are
said to bo bronght hither from Bhutan.
Jute is one of the staple crops.
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There are many kinds of indigenous fi-uits, especially one called Latkan,^
It is the size of a walnut with the taste of a pomegranate and contains three
The Sarkdr of Bdrhakdbdd produces a fine cloth called Oangajal
(Ganges water), and a great abundance of oranges.
In the Sarkdr of Bdzohd are extensive forests which furnish long and
thick timbers of which masts are made. There are also iron mines.
The Sarkdr of Sondrgdon^ produces a species of muslin very fine and
in great quantity. In the township of Kiydra^ Sundar is a large reservoir
which gives a peculiar whiteness to the cloths that are washed in it.
In the Sarkdr of Sylhet there are nine^ ranges of hills. It furnishes
many eunuchs.
There is a fruit called Suntarah^ in colour like an orange but large
and very sweet. The China root* is produced in plenty. In ancient times
^ Avariant lias Lankan. Dr. King of
the Royal Botanical Gardens, Calontta,
considers this to be a species of EIcbo-
cavpus. They are now-a-days, he says,
indiscriminately called Jalpai by the
natives. .The fruits of all the species
are a good deal alike, varying in size
from an olive to a walnnt, having an
external fleshy palp more or less palat-
able (in some species of fair flavour)
and containing a stone. The latter is
usually found to be divided into 8 cells,
one of which contains a mature seed,
the seeds in the other two being abor-
tive. The taste of the pulp of the E,
serratus and E. lancaofolius (both natives
of Kangpiir) is a good deal like that of
the pomegranate.
' This was the ancient Mu^ammadan
capital of Eastern Bengal but is now an
insignificant village called Painam in the
Dacca District. I. 6.
* A variant is Eat^rah which Gladwin
adopts.
^ In the south of the district, says the
Gazetteer, eight low ranges of hills run
out into the plain, being spurs of the
Tipperah mountains. The highest is
about 1000 feet above sea level. There
is also a small detached group, the Ita
hills, in the centre of the district.
• Commonly Sangtarah. The name is
supposed to be a corruption of C intra,
but its mention by Baber in his Me-
moirs seems subversive of this deriva-
tion, for though the fruit is said to have
been an eastern importation into Portu-
gal, it is improbable that the foreign
name could have been current in India
at so early a date. Humayun praises
it highly saying that no one cares for
any other fruit who has this. He states
that it is found only at Senargam (so
Erskine spells the name, doubtless Sonar-
gaon) in Bengal and in the greatest per-
fection only at one place. A note to the
Memoirs (p. 329) says that the descrip-
tion of the fruit by Baber suits more the
Citi^us decumana than any other, bat
Roxburgh states that this shaddock is
found (or was in his day) only in the
Botanic Gardens in Calcutta and its
. /Bengali name Batavi nimhuy the Patavia
lime, denotes its being an exotic.
\1 • The root of a species of Smilax of a
pale reddish colour with no smell and
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it had not been discoyered nntil some scientific travellers from Enropean
Turkey introduced it to universal notice. Aloes- wood is abnndant in these
moantains. At the end of the rains they fell the trees to the groand,
and after a certain time they give them various names according to their
greenness or maturity.
The Bhangrdj^ is a bird of a black colour, with red eyes and a long
tail. Two of the feathers extend to a length of a gaz. They are snared
and tamed. It catches the note of any animal that it hears, and eats flesh.
The Sherganj is of the same kind but its beak and legs are red ; in imita-
ting sounds, it matches the other and pursues sparrows and the like and
eats them.
Chdtgdon (Chittagong) is a large city situated by the sea and belted by
voods. It is considered an excellent port and is the resort of Christian
and other merchants.
In the Sarkdr of Sharifdbdd is a beautiful species of cattle, white in
colonr, and of a fine build : like camels they are laden kneeling down and
ttrry fifteen man weight. It is noted for the Barbary goat and for
%hting cocks.
In the SarJidr of Satgdon^^ there are two ports at a distance of half a
ht from each other ; the one is Satg^on, the other Hugli : the latter the
chief ; both ai*e in the possession of the Europeans. Fine pomegranates grow
here.
In the Sarkdr of Maddran is a place called Harpah in which there
is a diamond' mine producing chiefly very small stones.
very little taste. The Smilcue glabra or
IcnceiBfolicLf not diBtingiiiBhable, accord-
iogto Boxbnrgh, by the eye from the
drag known as China root. It is a native
of Sylhet And the adjacent Garrow
ooimtiy.
* The Edolius paradiseus or large
racket-tailed Drongo. Plnmage nni-
fomily black with a steel-blue gloss.
Length to end of ordinary tail 14
inches; wing 6f ; tail to middle 6};
outer tail feather 12 to 13 inches
more; the shaft having the termi-
nal end for abont Zi inches barbed
externally,' but towards the tip only on
the inner side, and turning inwards so
that the nnder-side becomes uppermost.
It will eat raw meat, lizards, and almoat
any kind of food offered to it. It imi-
tates all sorts of sounds, as of dogs,
oats, poultry. BhimHlj or Bhring-rtfj,
king of the bees, is its common name.
It is found in the dense forests of India
from the Himalayas to the Eastern
Ghats as far S. as N. L. 15^ Jerdon.
' The traditional mercantile capital
of Bengal from the Puranic age to the
time of the foundation of the town of
Hugli by the Portuguese. Its decay
commenced in the latter part of the
16th century owing to the silting up of
the channel of the Saraswati. In 1632,
Hugli being made a royal port, all the
public offices were withdrawn from
S£tgr&on which soon sunk into ruin.
Stat. Acct. of Bengal, III, 307—310.
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Orissa,
This was formerly a separate State. The climate is extremely healthy.
His Majesty apportioned it into five Sarkdrs, mar., Jalesar} Bhadrak^
Kafak (Cuttack,) Kalang Dandpdf and Baja Mahandrah. These five are
now included in the province of Bengal. It contains one hundred and
twenty-nine masonry forts. Its ruler is entitled Gajpati.* The rainy season
extends over eight months ; there are three cold months and one month only
that is hot. The staple cultivation is rice and the food of the inhabitants
consists of rice, fish, the egg-plant^ and vegetables. When the rice is
cooked, they steep it in cold water and eat it on the second day. The men
are effeminate, anointing their bodies with sandal oil and wearing golden
ornaments. The women cover only the lower part of the body and many
make themselves coverings of the leaves of trees.* The walls of their huts
are of reeds and their temples are of stone and of great height. Elephants
abound. The inhabitants of Bengal do not understand the languasre of
this country. A woman may have more than one husband. They write
on palm leaves^ with an iron pen, holding it with the clenched fist,
and pen and ink are rarely employed. The litters called Sukhdsan are
much in use: cloths are manufactured and the province furnishes
eunuchs : fruits and flowers are in great plenty, especially the gul i nasrin^
which is very delicate and sweet-scented : its outer petals are white, the
inner yellow. The keoraW grows in great abundance and there are various
kinds of betel-leaf. Money transactions are in kauris which is a small
white shell generally divided down the middle ; it is found on the sea shore.
Four kauris make a ganda, five gandasy a hudi^ four hudis, a pan, sixteen
or according to some twenty pan, a khdwan, and ten hhdwan, a rupee.
Kaiak (Cuttack.) The city has a stone fort situated at the bifurcation
of the two rivers, the Mahdnadi, held in high veneration hy the Hindus, and
* In the I. G. Jaleswar, popularly
Jellasore, an old border town between
Bengal and Oriasa on the Calcutta high
road. The name was also applied to an
ancient Mubammadan circle or Sarkir
which comprised the present Midnapur
District, including Hijli.
• Lord or rider of the elephant. The
gnit of cards used by Akbar (Vol. I.
p. 316) under the name of Gajpati;
symbolised the power and reputation of
Orissa in the possession of these animals
■ Solanum melongena.
* For the leaf- wearing tribes of Oriasa,
the Juangs or PattoaSf see Hunter's
Orissa, II. 116.
* The Brahmanioal archives of the
temple of Jagannkth consist of bundles
of palm leaves, neatly cut and written
over with a sharp iron pen without ink.
LG.
* In Hindi, Seoti the Rosa glandulifera.
Roxb.
' Pandanus odoratissimus, Bozb.
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the Oanjuri} It is the residence of the governor and contains some fine
btiildings. For five or six kos round the fort during the rains, the country
is under water. Rajah Makand Deo* built a palace here nine stories in
height ; the first story was taken up for the elephants and the stables :
the second was occupied by the artillery and the guards and quarters for
attendants : the third by the patrol and gatekeepers : the fourth by the
workshops : the fifth, by the kitchen : the sixth contained the public re-
ception rooms : the seventh, the private apartments ; the eighth, the
women's apartments, and the ninth, the sleeping chamber of the governor.
To the south is a very ancient temple. Overlooking this, in the city of
Pumshottama^ (Puri) on the sea shore stands the shrine of Jagannath.
Kear to it are the images of Krishna and of his brother and sister,* made
of saodal-wood. It is said that over four thousand years ago Rajah
Indradaman (Indi-adyumna) ruler of the Nilkar (Nilgiri) hill sent a
learned Brahman to select a suitable spot for the building of a city.
He wandered much in search of his object and found a fitting site which
he preferred to all other places. On a sudden he beheld a crow plunge
into the water and after bathing itself, pay its devotions to the sea. He
WB8 astonished at this action and as he understood the language of
inimalB, he inquired of the crow the reason of its proceeding. He received
this answer. " I was once of the number of the deotas and through the
curse of an ascetic was transformed into this shape. A spiritual guide
of high illumination affirms that the Supreme Creator has a special
r^ard for this spot and whosoever dwells here and applies his soul
to the worship of God, quickly attains his desire. For some years past
I have supplicated for my deliverance in this manner and the time
is DOW at hand when my prayer will be answered. Since thou art
essentially meritorious, watch in expectation and comprehend the wonders
of this land." The Brahman in a short time witnessed with his own eyes
the things he had heard. He apprised the Rajah of these occurrences, who
* The I. G. has Katjuri, This latter
ia one of the deltaic tribntaries of thi
Mahinadi dividing into two branches^
one of which retains its own name while
the other takes that of Koy^khai and
supplies the Fiiri district.
* Telinga Makand Deo (Harichandan)
A. D. 1550 : in this reign the sovereignty
ofOrissawas overthrown by the King
of Bengal. The titular Bija under
Akbar, Ramohandra Deo, took pos-
session in 1580. U. T., p. 114 and
Orissa, II. 189.
' 'The best of men* an epithet of
Vishnu.
^ Balabhadra and Subhadra. The
images are rude logs coarsely fashioned
in the shape of a human bust, and are
actually in the sanctuary itself. For a
description of the temple and other local
shrines, I refer the reader to the I. G.
•♦ Orissa."
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builti a large city and appointed a special place of worship. The Rajah, one
night, after having administered justice, was reposing on the coach of
divine praise when it was thus revealed to him, ** On a certain day,
watch in expectation npon the sea shore. A piece of wood of fifty-
two fingers in length and a cnbit and a haU in breadth will approach :
this is the special image of the deity : take it and placing it in thy
house, guard it for seven days and whatever shape it then assumes,
place it in the temple and enshrine it." After waking, the thing happened
in the same wise, and by a divine inspiration, he named it Jagannath and
decked it with gold and jewels. It became a place of devotion to high and
low and many miracles are reported regarding it.^ Kal4 Pahar the General
of Sulayndln Karani,* on his conquest of the country, flung the imag« into
the fire and burnt it and afterwards cast it into the sea. But it is now
restored and these popular fables are related of it.
The three images are washed six times every day and freshly clothed.
Fifty or sixty priests wearing the Brahmanical thread, stand to do them
service and each time large dishes of food are brought out and offered to the
images, so that twenty thousand people partake of the leavings.* They
construct a car of sixteen wheels which in Hindi, they call Buth^ npon
which the images are mounted, and they believe that whosoever draws it, is
absolved from sin and is visited by no temporal distress. Near Jagannath
is a temple dedicated to the Sun.* Its cost was defrayed by twelve years
revenue of the province. Even those whose judgment is critical and who
are difficult to please stand astonished at its sight. The height of the wall
is 150 cubits^ high and 19 thick. It has three portals. The eastern has
carved upon it the figures of two finely designed elephants, each of them
* The legend will be found related at
length in ** Orissa," Vol. I, p. 89.
• The Riizn's Snlitin confirms this
variant which the text has relegated to
a note. In " Orissa " Vol. I, p. 85, the
burning and miracnlons recovery of the
image are described.
• ^^\ of the text should be ^Jt^\
* The temple of Kaniirak which formed
a landmark along the coast, and still
sighted by ships in their passage np the
Bay : said to be the most ezqnisite
memorial of son worship in existence.
Orissa, I, 188.
'^ Sir W. Hnnter in his Orissa, I, p.
288, quotes these measurements from
Gladwin, but changing "cubits" into
"hands'' and adding in a note.
"Gladwin says cubits but the word
in the original is diist." It would
have been more satisfactory had this
distinguished writer told us what he
understood by * hand.' The Persian
dost is equivalent to the Hindustani
hdthy namely, the length from the point
of the elbow to the tip of the middle
finger, and this is a cubit. Whether
Abdl Fazl's measurements are right or
not is another matter but Gladwin has
rightly interpreted his meaning.
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carrying a man upon his trunk. The western bears sculptures of two
horsemen with trappings and ornaments and an attendant. The northern
hafl two tigers, each of which is rampant upon an elephant that it has
OTerpowered. In front* is an octagonal column of black stone, 60 yards
high. When nine flights of steps are passed, a spacious court appears
with a large arch of stone upon which are carved the sun and other planets.
Around them are a variety of worshippers of every class, each after its
manner, with bowed heads, standing, sitting, prostrate, laughing, weeping,
lost in amaze or in wrapt attention and following these are divers musicians
and strange animals which never existed but in imagination. It is said
that somewhat over 730 years ago^, Raja Narsing Deo completed this
stapendous fabric and left this mighty memorial to posterity. Twenty-
eight temples stand in its vicinity ; six before the entrance and twenty-two
without the enclosure, each of which has its separate legend. Some affirm
that Kabir Mua'hhid^ reposes here and many authentic traditions are relat-
ed regarding his sayings and doings to this day. He was revered by both
Bindu and Muhammadan for his catholicity of doctrine and the illumina-
tioa of liis mind, and when he died, the Brdhmans wished to bum his body
ud the Muhammadans to bury it.*
The Sdbah of Bengal consists of 24 Sarhars and 787 Mahals. The
NTenue is 59 crores, 84 lakhs, 59,319 Mttis (Bs. 14,961,482-15-7) in money.
The zanoindars are mostly Kayaths} The troops number 23,330 cavalry,
801,150 infantry, 1,170 elephants, 4,260 guns, and 4,400 boats.
The Parganahs will now be entered in alphabetical order in long
double columns te each page accompanied by a few descriptive notices.
Sarkdr of UdnSr commonly known as Tdndafi
Containing 52 Mahals, Rev. 24,079,399^ Bams,
KkmsJijaX,
Dams.
133,017
' TMb now stands in front of the
Lion-gate of Jag^nith. Orissa, I. 290.
' The Eandrak temple was bnilt ac-
cording to the most trustworthy records
between 1237 and 1282 A. D. Orissa, I,
288.
• " A believer in one God," for his
tetohing, see Orissa, 1, 108.
^ Gladwin adds that when they lifted
the sheet from the bier, the corpse could
not be found. Neither the text nor the
Siyai hare this addition.
17
• The writer caste of Hindis.
' The ancient capital of Bengal after
the decadence of Ganr : now a petty vil-
lage in Maldah District. Its history is
obscure and the very site of the city has
not been accurately determined. What
shall be said for the obscurer roll of
names which the above list preserves ?
The I. G. says that this much is known
that it was to the S. W. of Ganr beyond
the Bhagirathi. Old T&nda has been
utterly swept away by the changes in
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Ddni*.
mmt
Aobli,
Dug&obb{,*
226,746
DarsMip&rah,
•••
...
404,287i
B&mpdr,
116,632
Ashrafnih^l/
R^basp^,
188,122
Ibrahimpdr,
•••
...
860,867
Sariip Singh,
1^8,877
Ajiyilglulti,*
•••
...
231,957
Sultinpur Ajiy&l,
466,894
TJngichhi,
>••
...
869,357*
Sulaim^n Sh&hi, ...
198,742
Barhgangal,
•••
...
666,200
Sulainiin4b4d,« ...
197,70)
Bhat&l,
...
...
415,470
Salimpiir,
187,097
Bah&dnrpib,
>••
...
814,870
Sambal4,«
174,660
B&hriri,
•••
...
24,655
Sherah&hi,
178,280
Phulwiri,
•••
•••
193,025
Shamsh Khdni, ...
861,952
Bahidnr Sh&hi,
••.
...
138,102
Sherpdr,
163,097
TM^ with Suburban diatriot,
4,326,102
Pir6zp6p,
347.787i
Tijpiir,
•••
...
201,997
KiiQwarparUib, ...
1,607,200
Taallu^ Barbh&kar,
...
11,725
K&nakjok,
1,689,832
Tanauli,
•••
•«.
196,380
Kithgarh,
1,266,632
Jiinagbiti,
...
...
689,967
Gankarah,
894,027
Oh&adptT,
..•
...
190,027
Kltfhip^,
86,240
Na»ibi,»
.-.
...
160,206
Kaohld,
86.240
Chdngnadiy^
...
...
145,305
Kifiirdiya,
1,440
H4jipiir,
•••
...
106,255
M^desar,
1,608,358
Husain&b&d,
...
...
266,545
Mangalpiir,
226,770
Kh&npfir,
•••
..•
81,410
Beoeipta from scattered
Dhiwab,*
•••
...
260,597
estates,*
46,837
Deviyapdr,
...
...
559,557
Nawanagar,
826,966
D46d Rh&hi,
...
...
242,802
Na»ibpfir,
877,760
the course of the ViglL Sulaimin Shih
Kar&ni, the last but one of the Afghan
kings of Bengal, moved the seat of
government of T4ndi in 1564, A. D.
eleven years before the final depopula-
tion of Gkiur. It was a favourite resi-
dence of the Mughal governors of
Bengal untU the middle of the following
century. In 1660 the rebel Shujia' Shih
was defeated in its vicinity. After this
date, it is not mentioned in history and
was deserted in favour of Eijmahal and
Dacca. In noticing variants in the spell-
ing of the above list, I shall refer to
Tieffenthaler under T. to Gladwin under
G. and a variant of the text in the text
notes as var.
^G.thil. T.bhiL
• T. Adjeptt.
• Vtur. agreeing with Q.
* G. Dahdah.
I> Var. and G. Durg&chi.
* T. and var, Salim&bid.
* T. and var, Sanila.
* The text has e^Jl/*^ instead of
C^JL^*^ an error which has been re-
peated in the following page. The term
was applied in old revenue accounts to
small and scattered estates not included
in the accounts of the district in which
they are situated, and of which the as-
sessments were paid direct to the Govern-
ment- officers : subsequently it denoted
a revenue payer, paying through the
intervention of another, except in Gut-
tack where it implied the reverse, or the
heads of villages paying the revenue
immediately to the Collector. Wilson's
Gloss.
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Sarkdr of Jannatdhdd or LakhnatUi,
66 MahaU. Rev. 18,846,967 Daww.
Castes Kdyaths and Brahmana. Cavalry 600. Infantry 17,000.
Dams.
Ddms.
Jumat£b£d, commonly known
ShAhbizpur within the city.
400
as Ganr. It has been a
GhiyAfipdr
41,920
brick fort
7,869,202
KamalA,
16,377
Adjacent viUagea of Akri
KnthachhApA, ...
12,000
fonning 14 Parganahs as
M(5di Mabal, ...
13,000
follows:
1,573,296
Mewa Mabal, ...
860
Ajar,
138,925
Duties from the New Market,
11,700
BiikhokWb
192,608
Adjacent villages of Dihikdt 7
Baler,
127,060
maJ^tcUs,
...
869,000
Aba mbnTban distriot,
211,260
BarAripinjar
...
698,900
Bbanpiir,
140,340
Pak(5r,*
...
87,720
Beriya,
112,208
Dihikdt
...
31,624
Sarinmr/
71,000
DahlgAon
...
130,920
SblbbaU,
98,400
ShAbzAdahptir, ...
...
84,360
fihlhlalsari,
8000
MAligAoii,
...
141,460
Khektar,
60,200
M6dipur,
...
61,880
MadnAwati,
151,890
Adjacent villages
of Ram-
Modihat,
6,980
rauti 7 mahals,
*•*
749,795
Nahat
242,710
BadhtahU,
•••
207,500
Haahtganjpur ...
28,616
B^mauti,
...
194,767
Adjacent villages of Darsarak
Selkharlya,* ...
...
103,000
16 mahcUa as follows :
2,009,344
SangkalkarA,
...
93,320
Acbirikhanah where they
Sul^anpur,
...
29,210
eeU undried ginger
7,800
Sangdwar,
...
14,447
Bhatiya,
826,132
Mahinagar,
...
107,550
Bflbari,
91.560
Adjacent villages of SarsAbad,
Baxari Kadim (Old BaxAr), ...
3,720
rev. of 10 mahals
13,192,377
Damrak,
62,83&
Akbarpur,
9736
Rfekimiti,*
8,200
PArdiyAr,
85,280
8«r duties* from Gangapat
KhizrpAr,
396,100
and neighboorhood of Hin-
SarsAbAd,
663,080
dui («c.),
170,800^
K(5twAU
...
788,427
Sherpur and Gangalp6r 2 ma-
Garhand,*
-
334,880
bali,
2000
Garhi,
«.
200,000
* T. Sirapour, G. Seernoor.
♦ T. Nagor, G. Tagore.
* T. Bangamati, G. Kaggamatty. |
• T. Sablgiria, G.
Sebelgehrya.
• T. p. 58, n. 1.
1
• G. Goiamend.
Digitized by
Google
132
Ddmg.
MakHin, ... 106,480
Manikpdr and Hatanda, 2
nwAoZa, ... ... 630,770
Adjacent yiHages of Mildah, ]1 ma^s.
VdfM.
B^bakpdr, B&z4r i Tusaf, Suburban
diBtriot of Mildah, Dh^rpur, 8iij£ptir,
Sarb^ablpur, Sankodiji,! Sb&lesari,
Shilbmandawi,^ Fat^p6r, Mui'szu'ddin-
pdr.
Barkdr of Fathdhdd.
31 makals. Rev.
7,969,568 ddms.
Zamindars of three classes.
Cavalry, 900. .
Infantry, 60,700.
Ddms.
I>dm.
fsTdcb^j,
34,024
Sardiy^,
53,882
BboUyib^l,
... 384,452
Sadbwd,
37,127
BsMr,
... 124,872
Sawiil, commonly called
Bbilgalpdr,
2,115
JaUlp^,
1,857,280
BAdhidiyi,
1,442
Shahbtzp6r,
782,172
Telha^i,
... 377,290
Kharakptir,
118,136
Cbamlakbi,
35,645
Kasodiya,
102,405
CharbiW,
80,200
KSsi,
68,360
Suburban district
and town
Mak<5rg£o9,
3,157
ofFatWbW, ...
... 902,662
Masnadpiir,
55,312
Salt duties,
... 277,758
Mirdnpur,
22,172
Hazratpiir,
11,640
Eeceipts from scattered
Market dues, ...
11,467
estates,
133,365
Basdlpiir,
... 103,767
Nal^lesar,
49,422
Sopdip,
... 1,182,450
Nia'matpiir,
20,960
Sarb&rkal,
... 787,430
Hazirhati,
21,597
Saris^ni,
... 173,227
Tusofpur,
258,025
Sarkdr of Mahmiiddhdd,
88 mahaU, Rev. 11,602,256.
Caste Kdyath, Cavalry, 200. Infantry, 10,100.
Adniyi,
Anotamptir,
Ajiy&lpdr,
Indarkalli,
Amdab,
Bdzdrast,
B&zdcbap,
Ddms.
Ddms.
76,113
Baradi,*
... 604,122
48,365
Bisi,
...
25,247
37,307
Barin Jumlah,
...
.. 102,210
11^50
Betbariya,
...
96,117
192
B&kbn&n,
...
85,447
652,507
Bdtkin*
**•
... 41,317
271,240
Belwdri,
...
80,196
• G. and var.
Pardri.
^ T. and G. B4nki.
> Var. and T. Sankatodiya.
* Var. and G. Sbih Hindui.
Digitized by
Google
133
Dama.
Ddnu.
BsDdwil,
...
26,166
S«ibariy4, ... ^
6.760
P4d' ka mira, ...
...
22,710
SAtor,
290,727
Blbhanburli, ...
...
14,895
ShAhajiyil,
644,787
Parfnp^.
12,672
Sherpdrbari, ...
9,402
Barmahp^,* ...
...
6,717
Sherpdr and Tasholi,
2,797
Fatkamiri,*
...
3,667
14,422
Kpalbariyi, ...
...
2,045
Ghaznipiir,
12,367
Btthotiy£.*
...
217
Par^tpdr,
301,790
B^Ikasi,
...
128,387
Fat^piir Noeeka,
102,525
Tinkini,
...
675,790
¥utabp<ir,
23,352
Ttyfeliili,
...
96
¥A?ip<ir,
2,652
Kmjiyal.
...
891,365
Kan^aliyi,
20,417
CUi£ddiy4 or Chhiddiya,
...
9,126
KhelphAti,
19,940
Jifirokhi,
...
11.505
Kandi Nawi, ...
8,477
Jaginnithpdr, ...
...
762
KolbariyA,
6,517
JWiWiy£,»
...
44,007
KaudaaA,"
6,435
Wfiya,
...
44,700
KAliyinpiir, ...
26,236
]iteb^(i« ...
...
952,950
Kali MaW.
26,717
SmiiAjiyil, ...
•••
845,135
Liniy&n,
813,286
flwrfi,'
...
91,575
Lannkohil,
15,425
aOinrtir,
...
56,805
MihmAn Shihi, ...
575,727
Ciiinkhiiil,
...
1,092
MakhijA,
14,505
KKorrampdr,
...
265
MafemiidShAM,...
226,562
Jhkid*
•••
51,740
Mirpdr,
2,370
Dnrlabahp^, ...
...
13,775
Mah^aarpOr. ...
42,852
Dh^K,
...
13,665
Madh<$diya,
695
Deora,
...
107
Marfif^ebh,
2,302
DaUat*JaUlp^,
...
1,200
Naldai,
804,440
Dostflini, >• ...
•••
lfi62
NafratShihi, ...
272,450
Dhdmarh^t*
...
42,505
Nakarohil Eotiy&,
61,235
Sadkiohil Kotiji or
Eota,
...
8,205
NakarB&nkA, ...
8,382
SArotiyi,
...
6,530
NAahipiir called also IJjain,...
91,080
SanariyA,
...
72,147
Hamtanpdr,
477,860
Sankardiyl,
...
10,212
Hald4,
122,566
SaHmp^,
...
23,637
HawAl GhAti, ...
66,217
8olt4ra Ajiyil, commonly Koma, 789,220
HatapAn,
8,665
Bnrdppdr,
...
7,482 J
Hosipur,
17,426
» Far.Pini.
• Donbtfol whether proper
name or
• G. Bernapoor.
Snbarban district of abore.
• G. Patkabiri, T.
Bangabiri.
• T. and var. DakAri.
♦ T. and G. Bagot
ia.
• G. and var. Dahkat.
* T. and tNH-. Chandi b.
'• G. and var, Doahiniya.
• Q. Chytan. var.
Chetan and Chain.
»* G. T. and var, GAada.
Digitized by
Google
134
Sarkdr of Khalifatdhad.
35 mahaU. Rev. 5,402,140 dams.
Castes, Tarious. Cavabj, 100. Infantry, 15,150.
Ddms.
Ddmi.
Bhdl, with township,
476,102
Snbarban dist. of Ehalifat&bdd,
31,443
Bhilk^,
230,515
Khili^pdr,
32,770
P61ah,
135,932
DdniyA,
522,885
Pdtki,*
104,205
Ringdiya,
129,910
B4gh Mirii,* ..
81,807
Sahaapiir,
260,340
Bhandi,
25,300
Solaiminibid, ...
168,504
Bhades,
11,225
Sihas,
91,500
9,527
Sobhnith,
61,663
Bhulnagar,*
66,660
Sile'sarbihi,* ...
11.484
Tailing of E^sinilth,
297,720
Im&dpur,
97,102
TiU,
174,676
Khokral,
105,520
Taa'IlnV of Srirang,
26,427
Kanges, Taallu^ Parmanand,
166,360
„ Mah^s M4ndal,
23,727
Munddkichh, ...
126,360
„ Pannodar* Bhattacharaj, 13,860
Malikpur,
61,327
„ Sripat Kirdj,*
8,675
Madhariy£,
45,007
Jesar, commonly, Rasiilpdr,...
1,723,850
Mangorghdt,
16,842
Gharanli,
99,550
Mahresa,
11,170
Chhalera,«
60,920
Sarkdr of Bogld,
Containing, 4 mahals. Rev. 7,150,605.
Castes, various. Elephants, 320. Infantry, 15,000.
Dams,
4,348,960
263,000
Ismailpnr, commonly Bogla,
Brir&mpur,
Sh&hziMlahpfir,
Aidilpur,
Ddmg.
977,245
1,558,440
Sarkdr of Pumtyah,
9 mahaU. Rev. 6,408,775 daTns.
Infantry, 5,000.
Dams.
Ddms.
A86nja,
734,225
Sripdr,
390,200
Jairampur,
467,785
8dir duties from elephants ...
85,000
Suburban dist. of Ptirniyah,
2,686,995
Eathiyiri,
690,100
Dalm£lpdr,
671,530
Ka^wdn,
280,592
Solt^ptir,
502,206
» T. G. and var. Piinga.
* G. Kabraj, var, Kdraj. Kabraj.
• T. and var. B. bari.
* G. and var. Chabrah.
• T. and G. Pha
» T. and G. and var. 841oeari.
* G. Narmodar,
Digitized by
Google
135
Sarkd/r of Tdjpur.
29 mahals. Rev. 6,483,857 dams.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 100. Infantry, 50,000.
Ddm8.
Bankat,*
3,307,885
DiUwarpiir,
Badokhar,
238,855
Dabhat,*
PhiK,
60,860
SesahTd,
Band^fl,
190,830
Siijipiir,
Bobam,
23,192
Shahpur,
Bho^hari,
118,295
Knw&rpdr,
Badgaoi^ . ...
9,330
Kas&rglon,
Bisigio?,
104,492
Gopilnagar,
Pingao?,
115,990
Goghra,
Bahadurpar, ...
96,012
Mah<5i?,«
Bahuagar,
91,630
Nflnagar,
Badalkl,
71,664
NU6n,
■Kliwir,
208,540
Yusnf,
ChUpartal,
243,255
Zak4t,*
fttbuban dist. and town of
Tljpar,
886,254
Ddms,
944,055
124,196
376,760
244,507
126,235
406,000
258,742
233,160
147,392
194,475
267,612
147,510
146,240
78,487
Sarkdr of Ohordghdt.
84 mahals. Rev. 8,083,072| ddms.
Castes, .various. Cavalry, 900. Elephants, 50. Infantry, 32,800.
Dams.
Adhwi, ... ... 91,292
Andhar, ... ... 75,010
Andalgion, ... ... 154,337
Anwarbin, ... ... 31,022
Algion, ... ... 171,695
Abthuri, ... ... 25,326
AbmadiWid, ... ... 18,617
AttbaUkichhi, ... ... 9,200
Anwar Malik, ... ... 8,020
AlHit, ... ... 7,508
lUhadadpur, ... ... 2,190
Bizn Zafar Shdhi, 2 mal^als, 735,835
Dd/ms,
Bizn Fanldd ShMii, ... 711,412
P£gdw4r,» ... ... 102,440
Phnlwdri, ... ... 6,580
Birbakpdr, ... ... 84,952
B&manpdr, ... ... 349,070
Town of Nasratdbid, ... 886,445
Barsala, .. ... 233,680
Bari Sibakb£la,7 ... 146,767
„ Ghoragbdt, ... 165,827
Bfiyazidpur, ... ... 144,227
PAtildeb, ... ... 41,365
Bilk4, .. ... 80,335
^ 6. and var. Pangat.
* G. and var. Daibat.
* G. and var. Mab8<5n.
* Seo n. 4, p. 57.
• G. and var. Ambathuri.
• G. and var. Tak.
' G. and var. Tdmuk, T. and
Sank.
Digitized by
Google
136
Bh61i,
Bdjpat&ri,
Banwirk&jar, ...
Belghati,
B&z&r Chhutighit,
Bal&8b&ri,l
B&nj M&nka,8 ...
Tnlsighat,
Taalluk Qasain,...
„ Baln&tb,...
„ Siw&n, ...
„ Ka8«, ...
TAohahal,
Ta^llu^ Abmad Ehin,
Khairdbddi
Rnknpiir,
Saltitipiir,
Sfkhsbahar,8
S&nbipdr,
Sirhata,
Sabdi/
Sitpdr.
Biriji E^di, ...
Q&ghit,
Sberp^ir Eoibari,
Fat^piir,
Ehet&ri,»
Gaji^ur,
Castes,
Anbel,"
Anb^,
* In text figures wanting, G. baa
7,000. Var. 6,340.
8 Var. BinkI, Malki, G. Matk£, T.
Pantscb Botaoa.
8 Var. Sabtakab, Besbekb. S'ilab. T.
Sankba.
♦ For. and T. Sidi.
D4ms.
DdfM.
12,040
Eiibulpiir,
98,465
7,900
Ganj S&kbm&l&, ..
98,465
4,452
Eba^kbadi,
81,565
3,245
Gokal,
56,865
387
Eo^bi Bari* 2 maliaU,
48,807
Ebalsi,
264,822
6,340
Ean^ibiri,
125,797
... 164,840
Enli Baz&r, commonly Jorpuri,
115,680
86,410
Gobindpdr Akband, ^.
40,675
27,962
Eai^btdl,*
40,367
16,490
Kanak Sakbar, ...
28,065
16,267
Gbatnagar,
27,921
8,290
Eaw&Eacbbi, ...
25,600
... 238,476
EbitiWiri,
24,847
6,580
Eori, receipts from Zakit, ...
18,000
5,602
Eokaran,
18,120
2,785
E&bnl,
11,690
10,950
Garhiya,
10,980
... 108,377
Gokanpird,
9,860
93.071
Magatpdr,*
124,00$
49,570
Mubabbatpdr, ...
46,612
... 344,097
Mnsjid Hnsain Sb4bi,
28,M5
... 206,224
„ Andarkbini,
3,447
... 128,776
MaUir,
24,800
24,622
Nandabra,
61,050
16,412
Naupira,
19,202
16,675
Nabajann Bitor,
49,010
... 353,355
Wakar Hazir, ...
30,646
... 1,844,280
Wacbbi,
16,833
... 107,205
Wabrib,»
4,230
Sarhdr of
Pinjarah,
21 mahaU. Be^
. 5,803,275 ddms.
various. Cavalr
y, 50. Infantry, 7,000.
DdtM.
Ddms.
... 1,0£8,725
Aag6cbab,
101,822
36,625
Bdrangpdr,"
635,890
6 G. and var. Ebatiyiri, T. Ebefiri.
• T. G. and var. Tari.
7 Var. Gatral, G. Gautnill.
• Var. and G. Makaebpdr.
» Var. Wabaib.
'• G. and var. Amp<5l.
** T. and var. B&rikpur.
Digitized by
Google
137
Mms.
Mms.
B^ibasar,
719,107
Deor6,
107,727
Btja^pdr. ...
266,445
Sadbarb^, ...
.. 273,04«
fitharnagar^
119,720
Sankati,
261,410
WriOk^,
84,277
Snlt<np4r,
208,292
B4d%har,
66,206
S&Bb^r,
.. 166,180
!NM,
$74,490
Snlaiminib&d, ...
42,682
Hflon,
82,142
Kbat^,
.. 777,265
Sabovban distariot of PinjfinUi,
98,967
Ked4b4ri,
218,882
DfiU>%
149,887
Barkdr of Bdrhakdhdd,
38 fnahals. Rev.
17,461,532 ddms.
Castes, varioTi9. Cayak
7, 50. Infantry, 7,000.
Am61,
660,882
Shikfrpdr,
.. 827,842
(% of above-mentioned,
Sheq)4r and Bahrimpiir
2
(B£rbakib6d}...
816,840
mqhcds,
. 891,626
Biaddl,
190,885
Tikbirpdr,
.. 606,826
Wirhir,
186,712
^i^dhBi^
.. 620,477
llltfil,
662,867
Kardabi,
.. 1,890,572
pnvijay
64,886
Gn^bi^
.. 1,296,240
Wigiony •.•
819,000
Kb^,
.. 861,060
w»^,
179,840
Ganj known as Jakdal,
.. 694,665
(&bBdi7a> B&xfi,
766,622
Gobindpdr,
410,586
Ohinri,
169,882
Kiligie E6tbiya,
841,067
itii^Md' and Joka, 2 morals,
407,007
Kbaril,
.. 210,182
JaaOlii,
269,840
Ko^nagap,
129,650
Wa6,*
86,787
Kaligie,
.. 196,982
8abiiib. district of Sikh Sha-
Laskarp^,
.. 255,090
li».
1,629476
Mttjipfip,
.. 925,680
Dhiman,
860,896
Mas^bi,
.. 689,712
D6£dp6r.
8,902
Man Sam&U, ...
694.792
BankiiTdal, Qonunonlj, Niste*
Habmddp(ir, ...
.. 124,582
P^»
889,975
Wazirpdr,
.. 169,190
Sarkdr oj
' Bdeohd.
82
mot^aU. B<
jv. 89,516,871.
Castes, varions. Cavalry, 1,700.
Elephants, 10. la&ntary,
6,300.4
laipShihi, ...
760,667
Bbdrija* Bisd, ...
.. 2,820,740
^MiiQir/ Ka«rat Shihi, -\
Babwftl B&z^ ...
.. 1,986,160
Mehwwmah, C
4,178,140
Partib-Bizfi, ...
.. 1,881,265
Phinrina, SiraU 6 mo^oZa, )
Bakbariyi B&xti,
.. 1,716,170
» For. and Q. Jirfyi.
1
* G. and vor. Barbtizii.
Tbere are
« For. and G. Jasnad and Ohangion.
also sUgbt yarianta of tbe otber namea.
• Var, and G. HainasiL
• G. and var, Bhasoriya.
^ G. haa 45,000.
18
Digitized by
Google
138
1
Qnsain ShUhi, ...
DaskhiidiTa B^^
Phaki B6z6, ...
Salim ParUb B£sd, Ohind
. TatUh B&z6,
Snlt&n B&z6,
8on£gh£ti B&zti,...
8oii£ B&z6| !•• •••
Sflbaras/
Dnee on produce and piscary
of riyers, tanks, &o,, •«.
Sh&h Ajiyil B£z6,
182,750
1,946,602
1,901,202
4,625,476
1,910,440
1,706,290
1,484,820
261,280
405,120
Zafar Ajiyal „
Eatannal „ •••
Khati „
Mihmin Slitiii, khown as
Sherpdr,'
Manmani Singh, Nafrat -v
Sh&hi, ^nsain Singh, C
Na9rai Ajiyil 4 maJ^, )
Mubirak Ajiyil,...
BaxijiX B&zd, ...
Ydgof Shihi, .^
250,047
2,804^890
187,720
2,207,716
1,867,640
468,780
844,440
1,670,900
Sark&r of Sondrgdon,
b2mahdl8. Bev. 10,331,333.
Castes, various.
Cavalry, 1,500.
Elephants, 200. Cavalry, 46,000.
Uiar Shihpiir, ...
•.•
888,442
Snbarban district of Sonlrgio^
Al Jihit,*
...
68,090
with dty.
459,638
T7tar V^minpnr,
•a.
24,880
Khizrpdr,
40,808
Bikrampiir,
• ..
8,885,062
Dohir,
458,524
Bhalw4jow4r, ...
• ••
1,881,480
DAnderi,
421,380
Baldikh&l,
• •*
694,090
Dakhan Sh£hp(ir,
289,910
BawiUy^
...
287,820
Dilawarpdr: receipts from
Barohan^i,
...
120,100
vuffWv, ... . , (
127,207
B4th Ear&,
...
4,080
Dakhan V^m^piir,
8,840
Bal«8K&thi,«fta,
...
48,266
lUepfir,
4,535
Bardiyi,
...
86,812
Sakhargiov,
840,865
Phnlari,
...
19,000
Sakari,
184,780
PInhatta,
...
7,867
Salimp6r,
91,090
T6ri,
...
104,910
S&lisari with produce and
Wjpdr,
•••
60,000
piscary of rivers, tanks, ^.,
Tarki,
• ••
18,270
rotyottft and the like
40,726
Jogidfy^
...
612,080
Sakhwi, from raiyatif
280,000
Bnvirons of Port,
••.
82,632
„ „ sdir dues, ...
28,000
Ohhokhandi, from shop
dnes.
17,827
Sakhideh,
28,000
Ohand Yi<>ar,» ...
•.«
80,822
Seojsl,'
18,000
Ohindp(ir,
...
120,000
Shamshp^,
22,000
' T. Sabal var. Baral
[,
the revenue is paid in money in opposi-
• G. and var, Serpur
Morchah.
tion to khamdr lands of which revenue
• G. and var, Chhap.
T.J4t
.
was paid in kind : also to a settlement
* G. and var. PaUaghati.
direct with the cultivators.-
-WiUon'B
Ql088,
is evidently corrupt.
* G. and var. Sabarcha
' Applied in Bengal to lands of which
Digitized by
Google
139
Kerfpdr/
•••
... 298,403
Ifehlr, ... •••
60,800
Gardi,
...
89,690
Manoharp^, ...
68,801
Kitikpdr,
...
80,000
MahijiO,
26,000
Khindi,
...
40,140
Narienpdr, from sdW doef,
K6|hri,«
•••
86,160
»ak(U and raiyati, ..•
940,760
GithiKadhi,*
.*•
20,000
Niwikot,
16,080
Ifehri^dl,
...
... 1,089.470
HamU Bix^ ...
281,280
Mnaiiampdr,
...
... 286,880
H&fc Gbiti,
10,286
Castes, Trarions.
Ftet£bgarh, called
P&njkhanf,
Baoi^^ Chang, ...
Btjwa BiyijV ...
I«i(Jamti7af)«
Sarkdr of Sylhet
8 mahdU. Rev. 6,681,308.
Cavalry, 1,100. Elephants, 190. Infantiy, 42,920.
also.
870,000
1,672,080
804^080
272,200
Snbarban diBtrioe of Sylhet,... 2,290,717
Sarkhaa^lal, ... ... 890,472
L4dii,7 ... ... 246,202
Harnagar, ratyottand sdir, ... 1,010,857
Sarkdr of OhiUagong.
7 maMs. Rev. 11,424,310 ddms.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 100. Infantry, 1,500.
T<Ug^,« ... ... 606,000
Cbl^9 (Chittagong) ... 6,649,410
Deogao9, — ... 775,540
Solaiiii^iipiir, commoiilY, Shaikh*
p6r, ... ... 1,672,400
Sdir does from salt-pits,
.. 787,520
Sahwi,
.. 6,079,840
Naw4p«,
.. 708,800
Sarkdr of Sharif dhdd.
26mahal8. Rev. 2,488,750.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 200. Infantry, 5,000.
Bardwin, ... ... 1,876,142
B^U,
... 609,340
B»hror, ... ... 1,786,795
Bhitsel^,
... 807,340
Barbaksail,* ... ... 640,896
Bisir Ibr&himpiir,
16,740
Bharkondah,><' and Akbar-
Janki,
... 937,705
Bhihi, commonly Sindal, 2
(hotMakand, ...
2,316
fMhal8, ... ... 1,276,196
Dhaniyin,
... 1,608,860
*■ G. and var^ Eharapiir.
^ G. and var. Kolhari.
' T. G. and var, DaniLi.
* G. By4n var. Uijin, Shdn.
* Var. Ba]w4 Sihir G. Bahoowa Sahir.
* G. and var. ChainUur, T. Tschena.
^ G. and var. Lawed.
* G. and par, Milgio?.
* G. T. and var. Barikseel, sel,- or
sail.
^* G. and var, Bhargodah.
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140
Bnlann^ Shihi,...
... 721^386
Khan*»
... t#6,88d
S<5my4,
90,S70
Khanga,
... 174,860
Sabarban distriot of Sherpiir ^t&i, 816,068
KodM,
68,128
Vzmatpdr,
... 1,660,045
HahlMid,
... 1,881,880
Fat^ Singh,
... %096,460
Haiu^iar Shihi, ...
... 1,708,920
9iuain Ajiyil, ...
... 89S,M6
HiifaAtf Shihi, ...
... 1,852^178
Kargio^
... 848^860
Naeak,*
... ^88,517
Kiratpdr.
... »«,776
Natain,"
.•• B06|8oO
Sarkar of Suladmdndbdd.
81 ma^. Bey. 17,629,964 dams.
Castes, varions. Cavalry, 100. In&ntry, 5,000.
Indar^in,
...
...
592,120
8lt8ftt.«
757,111
iBmaflptir,
...
•••
184,640
Sahspiir,
ill4,842
Anliya,
...
•.*
124,577
Sangbanli,
72,747
Uli,...
...
...
88,277
Sultimpfir,
44,576
Basandhari,
...
...
2,266,289
Umarpfir
223,320
Bhoeat,*
•..
..
1,968,990
Mlampdr,
38,^0
Pan4wah,
...
...
1,823,292
^b&ipdr,
747,200
Piohn6r,»
.*•
...
601,495
Gobinda (KosadaP)
867,943
B&U Bhang&<
2mahalSt
...
417,185
Beoeipti from independont
Chhdtdpdr,
... .
• ..
554,956
talukddrs,
...
218,067
Ghdmhl
455,901
48,515
Jaipiir,
.."
...
44,250
Molgbar,
...
782,107
^nsainp^,
...
...
855,090
Nagfn,*
...
810,890
Dhirsah,
...
...
95,250
KlUri,
•*.
872,846
Rie8«i,'(IUlenahP)
...
68,257
Naaang,
«••
600,766
Sabarban distriot of
Stdai-
Nabiya,"*
...
77^17
minib&d,
...
...
2,051,090
Sarhdr of Sdtgdon.
53 maJ^. Bev. 16,724,724 dams.
Castes, yarions. Cavalry, 50. Infantry, 6,000.
Banwa,Kotw4U,Fari8atgliar, (?) j ITkrf,
BmaJials, ... ... 1,640,770 | Anwarpur,
726,300
236,960
' Text-note, now Ehandghosh.
' G. and var. Nasang.
* G. and var. Nabrin.
^ T. and var. Bhorsa^.
* var, and G. Bijmor. T. and var,
Bajponr. Text-note adds that tkeore la
a Piohndr in Nadiya.
' G. and var. Ghanga. Kot9»— There
ifl a B^ Danga in Nadiya.
* G. and var. BaeelUc. Note^Baenih
probable oorreot ^reading, as this name
oocQm in 'the snbarfoan diBtnot of Bit*
aiminibid
* G. and var. Satsanga. Noie^Now
in the district iji Bardwin,
' G. and var, Makin.
>• G. and vwr. mpL,
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141
Ana> TUcnOi S&tgio? 2
Srir&jpdr,
125,792
moM*,
...
234,890
Sdir dues from Bandarbdn
Akb4rpfir,
...
ll(s690
and ICandawi, 2 maf^als,
...
1,200,000
Bo^han,
...
956,457
&ikhi%, Ka|8i1,
..■
45,757
Fuiw&n and Salimpiir,
...
96^505
Il^pdr,
•••
...
80,702
P&»h,
...
662,470
Oalontta,Bakoya,« B^ffbakpdr,
383,808
8<»KiiM«,
...
...
988,215
...
283,602
Khirar,
...
...
865,275
Bflm^i,
...
125,250
Kan^iUji,
...
...
242,160
%tr£ii and Bang^b^,
...
100,000
K£ldrd,
*••
...
197,522
BaKyi.
•••
94,725
Mag6r4,
...
...
801,802
KttW,
...
88,245
MatiyAri,
...
...
307,845
Baridhati,*
...
26,027
Medal Mai,
...
186,242
1^}rtari7l^
...
86,604
Mn^afifarpdr,
..«
••.
108,832
Sobarban dirtriot,
...
502,880
MTindgiohh4,
...
...
96,565
*»mp6r.
...
824,822
M&Uhatti,
...
...
40,985
Wpfir. B£rt)Uqifir*
2
Naddiya* and
S4taiip4r,
2
«M»,
...
142.592
mai^,
•••
...
1,506,820
Bbfiyip^/ ...
...
78,815
H^lki,
...
...
90,042
^"m,
...
1,858,510
H&thi KandU,
...
...
55,702
M^iA'
...
468,058
Haiyagarh,
••.
...
781,860
Btka^
• a.
204,072
Sarkdr of Maddran.
16 mai^aia. Bev. 9,403,400 d(hn$.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 150. Infaiitry, 7,000.
Anhafctl,
... 122,656
Shergafh, commonly Sakhar-
Bflgarhi,
... 937,077
bhdm,
...
.*•
915,237
BirbhTim,
... 641,245
Shihp^,
•a.
• ••
684,160
Bhawilbhfim, ...
... 495,220
K^t, ...
...
*»«
46,447
Cliatwi,
... 606,642
Mandalgh&t,
...
•m.
906,776
... 412,250
Nig(5r
...
• •*
4,026,620
Snbarban dlBtriot of Madluran 1,727,0^7 |
Uinah&k^
...
...
279,822
Sambhdm,
... 615,805
H^tuHi, (MeadaUP)
...
268,207
Samar Sinhaa, ...
... 274,461
* 6. and var. Anid Tawili.
* -G.^nd var, Bacrmah fifrab.
* G. Barmadbakti. T. Barmand-
^ T. Bariqxmr.
* (Note). Is in tbe 24-Pavgaanafa8.
' G. and var, Maktima.
' In ancient higtoriea, ^Nodiyi^ or
Nodi, (note).
S G. MinaUig.,
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U2
Ori88a.
Sarkir of JaUsar.
28 ffiahdU. Bey. 5,052,738^ ddms.
Castes, yarions. Elephants, 2. Cayalry, 3,470. Infantiy, 43,810.
Binsanda,* oommonly Haf t-*^
ohdr" has five strong forts, j
Castes, Khandait, Brdh- >
man, and Bhej. Cayalry, j
100. Infantry, 6,800, ...j
BibU* (PipU?) Cayalry, 10.
Infantry, 40, ...
Bdli Shihi Cav. 200. In. 2,000,
B&lkolisi,* has three forts : 1, '
Sokrah;2, Binhas TiU'
8, Daddhpnr. Cav. 20,
Inf. 800, ...
Parbadl Cav. 400, Inf/
1,600 ; has a strong fort,
partly on a hill, partly
fenced by forest,
Bhogrii, has a fortress
great strength ; Caste
ZTumdaie, Cav. 100, Inf.
2,200, archers and match
lookmen, ...
Bngdi, i2(i/ptte, Cay. 100, Inf.
200,
B£zilr,
B&bbanbhdm,* Brdhman, Cay.
20, Inf. 400, ...
Taliya with town of Ja]6sar,
has a brick fort. Caste,
Khandait, Cay. 800, Inf.
6,250,
Tanb61ak,» Cav. 50, Inf. 1,000,
has a strong fort, Khandait,
4,211,480
2,011,430
968,430
756,220
640,000
497,140
89,428
125,720
2,671,480
» G. 60,052,787.
* G. and var. B&nsad.
* G. and var. Hiir.
^ G. and var, Beli
* G. and var* Kohi, K^osi.
'•!
Tark61: a fort in the jnngle.
Cay. 80, Inf. 170,
Diwar Sh6rbh6m, common-
ly BArah,« Cay. 100, Inf.
100,
Bamna,' has fiye forts, 1*|
adjacent to city ; 2, Bam-
chandpiir; 8, bjf^ ; 4, Diit ;
6, Saldah, Cay. 700, Inf.
8,650, hold the fiye, ..
720,670
1,842,860
> 6,062,306
Bayn, on the border of\
Orissa, has three forts, |
Cay. 160, Inf. 1,500, ... )
B&ep^, a large city, with a
strong fortess. Cay. 200,
Inf. 1,000, ...
Sabang, strong fort in the
jangle. Cay. 100, Inf,
2,000.
Siyiri,
KisijorH, Cay. 200, Inf.
2,500, matchlock and
bowmen, ... ...
Kharaksdr, a strong fort
in the wooded hills, 600
footmen and maohlock<
men, ... •.O
KM£rkhan4, three strong
forts, Cav. 60, Inf. 600, ...
Kada.*0 Infantry 100
* Brahmanpnr in Midnapdr.
f Tamliik.
* G. Tarah.
* G. and var. Khamn^*
^* G. and v(ir. KerL
:1
218,806
986,970
1,267,140
106,570
898,160
528,570
468,570
285,720
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143
G^Dlp6r, Bajp^, OaT. 60,
Inf-400, ... ... 86,720
^^W ... ... 68,570
lUlchhata,* Cay. 600, Inf.
5»W0, ... ... 9,812,810
llednipdr, alarge oitj with"^
two forts, one anoient
and
Gaate
Inf.
wo ions, one anoient
id the other modem. V 1,019,980
Bate Khandaii, Cay. 60, I
rf.600,» J
ULahik&aghit commonly''
Ka^bp^r, a fortress of
great strength, Gay. 80,
Inf. 1,000, ...
Nariinpiir, oommonlj Kan-'|
dh&r, with a strong fort
on a hill. Cay. 100, Inf.
4,000,
SarJcdr of BhadraJk.
Imafials. Rev. 18,687,170.
Caates, varioiis.
Bsrwa, two strong fortresses,*^
Blnakand Baskdi, castes* 1
Ihandait, and Kdyaih, j
CtT. 60, Inf . 400, ...J
fcbirban district of Bha-^
dnk, has a fort called
Dhimnagar, with a resi-
dent goyemor, KhandAit,
Cav. 200, Inf. 8,600, ...
S«ha986, 2 strong forts,
Khamdaity Cay. 800, Inf .
1,700,
Infantry, 760. Cavalry, 3,730.
Kilm&n, a stone fort of the"^
greatest strength. Khan- I
datt, Cay. 100, Inf- j
400, ... ...J
Kadsa,^
Independent Talokdirs ; "^
three forts, Pachchham
Donk, Khandait, and Ma-
jori. Cay. 100, Inf. 800;
the three forts, held by
ZTumdoits.
8,240,000
67,14^
9,642,760
8,614,280
Sarhdr of Katak (Outtach,)
21 ma^ls. Bey. 91,482,780 ddms.
Castes, varions. Cavalry, 900. Infantry, 108,160.
240,000
2,280,860
1,616,840
780,480
86,720
AM. 2,100, ... ... 6,429,180
Paohohham Dfkh, Cay. 100,
A?akah, Inf . 16,000 ... 8,160,880
Inf. 60,000, ... ... 662,490
Aihgarh, with a strong\
Bahir. ... ... 6,129,880
fort, Brdhnum, Cay. 200, ( 1,184^980
Basil Diwarm&r,* Inf.
Int 7,000, ... ...)
1,000, ... ... 2,746,660
Pfiiab Dikh, fonr forts. Cay.
Barang, 9 forts, among the \
200 Inf. 6,000, ... 22,881,680
hiUs and jungles. Caste, ( 2,182,940
ah<r, Cav. 20, Inf. 800,... )
* G. and var, KerauH.
sentence, differing in two MSB., in two
' G. and var, Miljlkta.
others it is omitted.
'Here follows an unintelligible
♦ G. and *or. Garsii.
* G. and van B. D. pur.
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14A
Bhijnagar wiUi atKNig forfc, \
Tdingha, Oav. (K), Inf.! 880,190
22,000, ••• ••. /
Banjd,» Biflf/ptif, Cay. 100,
Inf. 20,000, ... ... 866,208
Pan6tam,* «. ... 601,680
Ohaabisk^t, 4 fortaof greai \
strength, day. 800, Inf. | 2,898,970
20,000, ... ... )
Jash,* oommonly, T&jpdr, a \
strong fort Brdhmany \ 2,078,780
Oav. 200, Inf. 1,800, ... )
Dakhan Dfkh, 4 forts, Cay.
180, Inf. 18,060,
S(r<n, ... ... 207,880
20,lBf.200, .J ^'^'^
iay. 1
J 22,066,'
,770
K6td^, witk tluM teis,^
the original fort, E^sibah, i
€a«te, Khandait, Oay. f
6,008, Inf. 800, ...J
Ka|ak Baniias, snbarban^
district with city, has a
stone 'fort of grsat
sUsogth, and a masoiiFy
pahioe wijthin, BrdJ^mon
and KhanddM, Oay. 200i
Inf. 1,000, ...
Khatrah, with strong \
fortress, KhandaiUt Oay. >
100, Inf. 400, ... )
M inakpaftan, a ktfge port,
where salt does are
collected, ...
4,720,980
» 608,800
"5
1,120,230
600,000
Sarkdr of Kailang Dan^pdtf
i1 maials. Bev. 5,560,000 <2(im«.
Cavalry, 500. Infantry, 30,000.
8(»rhdr of Bdj MdhandraJu
16 matale. Bey. 5,000,000 ddm9.
Cavalry, 1,000. Infantry, 5,000.
A general view of the country having i;iow been cursorily given, I
proceed to record the snccession of its mlers and the doration of their
reigns. Twenty-fonr princes of the Khatri caste, kept aflame the torch of
sovereignty from father to boa in succession during 2418 years.
Tears,
TCOTB.
B&ji Bhagrat, Khatri reigned
... 218
Ben6d Singh,
II
... 97
Anaoghhim,
i>
... 176
Silar S^n,
II
... M
Banhhim,
h
... 108
Sattarjl^
11
... 101
Oajbhim,
II
... 82
Bhtipati,
II
... 90
Deodst,
II
... 86
Sadhrak,
i»
... m.
Jag Singh,
II
... 106
Jaydhuk,
11
... W2
Barmah Sing|h,
II
... §7
Udai Singh,
II
... 85
II
... 102
II
... 99
^ G. and var
Ban^d.
found only in one MS.
"detailed
in each
*Here the
following
words
oooor,
SOfhar:'
1
• G. and var.
Qabsh.
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143
Tears,
Bi'nnith, reigned
... 83
Kdlddand,
Bnkhdera, „
... 81
Eamdeva,
Bikhbind, (Rukhnand) „
... 79
Bijai Kam,
Jagjiwan, „
... 107
Sat Singb,
reigned
Tears,
... 85
... 90
... 71
... 89
Nine princes of the Kdyeth caste ruled in succession 620 years after
Vhicb the sovereignty passed to another Kdyeth house.
Tears.
Tears.
Riija Bhdjgaorija reigned
... 75
Pirthu Rija, reigned
... 53
lils^n,
>»
... 70
U&ii Garrar, „
... 45
Baja Hadhd,
it
... 67
„ Laohhman, „
... 50
Samantbhdj,
»>
... 48
„ Nandbb6i,
... 53
Baji Jaint,
i»
... 60
£leven princes reigned in succession 714 years, after which another
Kdyeth family bore rule.
Tears.
Tears,
B4iird36r, (Adiaiir,)
reigned
... 76
BAii
Grid bar,
reigned
... 80
„ J&manibhan,
... 73
a
Pirtbidhar,
II
... 68
„ Unrud,
... 78
»
Shisbtdbar,
»
... 58
„ Partab Radr,
... 65
i»
Pmbbakor,
>»
... 63
,, Bbawadat,
... 69
»
Jaidbor,
})
... 23
„ BokdeTa,
... 62
Ten princes reigned 698^ years, after which the sway of another
Kdyeth family was established.
Tears.
Baji Bbop&l,
„ Dhrip^l,
„ Devapdl,
„ Bbnpatip&l,
„ Dbanpatip41,
reigned
... 55
... 96
... 83
... 70
... 45
Tears.
BAji Bigan (Bijjan) p6l, reigned ... 75
„ Jaipil, „ ... 98
Rajp61, * „ ... 98
Bbogpdl, hia brotber, „ ... 5
Jagpdl, his son, „ ... 74
I According to the Ueefnl Tables
fPt IT, p. 117), tbis is too mnob: the
eocoession of names differs also some-
what from those of the inscriptions.
Monghir Plate.
Gop^la.
Dhermap&la.
Devap&Ia.
Budal Plate.
B«j^p^la.
Siirap&la.
19
Nlriiyanp^Ia.
Samdth inscription,
Mabip&Ia.
Sthripala.
Yasantpdla.
1017. Kumarapila. (Fer.)
Dindjpur Copper-plate,
Looapdia.
DhermapMa.
Jayapdla
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146
Seven princes governed in snooession during 106 years.
Tears.
Bukh &6n, reigned
Balil Sen, who built the
fort of €^nr, „
Lakhan (Lachhman) S^, „
60
7
Tean.
Midh^ S^n, reigned ... 10
E^uS^n, „ ... 16
Sada (Sara) S^n, ,, ... 18
Sij& Nilajah, (NMjan), „ ... 3
Sixty-one princes thus reigned for the space of 4,544 years when
Bengal became subject to the Kings of Delhi.
From the time of Snl^dn Kn^b n' ddin Aibak to Saltan MolAmmad
Tnghlak Sbah 17* governors ruled during a period of 156 years.
These were followed by —
A. H. A. D. Tears. Months,
741 1840 Malik Fakhr'addin Sil4»d&r, reigned ... ... 2 some
743 1842 Snl^&n Al&a'ddin ... ... ... ... 1 „
Narayanp41af (Two
illegible).
Baj&p41a.
Vigrahap^Ua.
Mahip41a, at Benares.
Nayap&la.
1027. Vighrapila.
The Monghir plate, dated 28 or 128
Samvat refers to the Bhupila dynasty
and not to the Vikramftditya era as was
snpposed by Wilkins. The Yaidya
Bajas of Bengal are thns giyen.
1063. SnkhSen.
1066. Belil Sen who bnilt the town
of Ganr.
1166. Lakshman Sen.
1123. M&hava Sen.
1138. KesayaSen.
1151. SnraSen.
1154. Nir&yana. Nonjeb, last BAji
of Abnl Fazr s list. Laxmana.
Laxmaniya.
9se were :
A. D.
1203 Md. Bakhtiyar Ehiliji,
governor of Berit un-
der Kn^b.
1205 Md. Sher&n Izfa'ddin.
1208 Ali Merd&n Ala^ddin.
609 12X2 Hosimn'ddin, Ohiy^is^d.
din.
624 1226-27 Nasra'ddin-b-ShamBn'd-
din.
627 1229 Ma^miid-b-ShamBn'ddiB
became Emperor d
Hindustan.
684 1287 Toghan Khan, goyemar
under Sultana Bizia.
Tiji or T£ji.
Timiir Khia Keria.
Saifu'ddm.
Ikbtiy&ru'ddin Malik
Usbeg.
JeUlu'ddm Kh^ni.
Taju'ddin Arslau.
Md. Tatir EhiLn.
MnizEu'ddin Tughral.
Na^ru'ddm Baghra con-
sidered by some Ut
Sovereign of Bengal.
725 1325 K4dir Khan, viceroy of
Md. Shih. Fakhr'uddin Sikandar followed
and assumed independanoe in 1340, bat
this does not tally with the period of
years given by Abul Fazl. I add the
dates to Abul Fazl's list from the U. T.
II, p. 148.
641
1243
642
1244
644
1246
661
1258
656
1257
667
1258
659
1260
676
1277
681
1282
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147
A.H.
A.D
744
1843
760
1858
769
1367
775
1373
786
1383
787
1886
794
1892
812
1409
Shamgii'ddin Bangarahl
Sikandar (Sh&h) his son,
SnlUn Ghiyisa'ddin his son,
Snl^n 'us SaliLtin, his son,
Shamsa'ddm, his son,
Kinsi native of Bengal,
Snl^n JaUla'ddin, ^.
„ Ahmad, his son,
N^fir his slave,
830 1426-7 Nifir Shah, descendant of Shamsa*ddin Bangarah,
862 1457 Barbak8h4h, ... ^
YiisnfShih,
Sikandar Shih, ... ... ...
Fat^Shih,
879
1474
887
1488
887
1482
896
1490
897
1491
899
1494
90O
1496
9»
1498
«7
1521
9i0
1584
944
1537
945
1538
946
1539
952
1545
962
1555
968
1560
Tears, MofUh$,
16 some
.. ... .•• u „
7
10 0
3 some
7 0
17 0
' ... 16 0
a week or according to others, half a day.
322 0
17 . 0
7 6
half a day
7 6
two and a half days.
3 0
1 0
9 6
27 (?) some
... 11 (?)
BdrbakShih,
Firoz Sh^, ... ... ...
Mahmiid Shah, his son,
Mnzafi^ ^ahshi,
Alia'ddin,
Na^rat Sh&h,8 his son,
Mahm&d Shdh^ son ofAldWd defeated by
Sh^r Eh£n.
Hnmaynn (held his court at Gaar).
Sher Khan, a second time.
Mnl^mmad Khiui.
Bahddor Sh4h, his son.
Jal&ln'ddin, his brother. /
HotinU.T.I^^y^*^^-
i TiLj Kh&n.
971 1563^ Solaim^ (Kar&ni), his brother.
981 1573 Bayazid, his son.
981 1573 Dind, his brother, (d«/0ated by ii(;6ar'f/orc6«)
Fifty princes ruled during about 357 years and one hundred and
eleven kept alive the torch of sovereignty throughout the period, approxi-
mately, of 4,813 years and passed into the bleep of dissolution.^
The first Bija, (Bhagrat) came to Delhi by reason of his friendship
for BAji Jarj<5dhan, and fell manfully fighting in the wars of the Mahi*
' In the Tirikh-i-Firishta. Bhangerah^
i «., opium eater.
' Ihetext has 2 bat in a note 32 ia
Koorded as the proper number and tallies
with the U. T.
* Nofibf in the text according to all
the MSS. bnt corrected by a note.
Nofrat accords with the U. T.
* The calculations of the U. T. show
a diiference of 13 in exoeii in both
nvmbers.
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148
bhirat, 4,096 years previous to the present time. When the cup of life of
R^ja Naujah overflowed, the sovereignty fell to Lakhmaniya son of Eie
Lakhman. Nadiya was at that time the capital of Bengal and the seat of
various learning. Nowadays its prosperity has somewhat abated bat
the traces of its erudition are still evident. The astrologers predicted the
overthrow of his kingdom and the establishment of another faith and they
discovered in Muhammad Baktiydr Khiiji the individual by whom these
two events would be accomplished. Although the Bdja regarding these
as idle tales refused to credit them, many of his subjects sought refnge in
distant provinces. At the time when Ku^bu'ddin Aibak held India for
Shahabu*ddin, the Khiiji took possession of Behar by force of arms, and
when he marched upon Bengal, the Raja, escaped in a boat. Mu^mmad
Bahktiyar, entered Bengal and having amassed enormous plunder, he de-
stroyed the city of Nadiyd and transferred the capital to Lakhnanti.
From that time Bengal has been subject to the kings of Delhi.
During the reign of Sultan Tughlak, Kadar Kb^n was viceroy in
Bengal. Malik Fakhru'ddin his sword-bearer through greed of power, dis-
loyally determined upon the death of his master and plotting in secret,
Blew him and with pretentious allegations fraudfully possessed himself
of the government and refused allegiance to the sovereigns of Delhi.
Malik ^l\ Mubdrak, who had been one of the principal adherents of Kadar
Khan, assumed the title of Alau*ddin and rose against Fakhru'ddin, and
taking him alive in action, put him to death. Haji Iliyas jjilai, one of the
nobles of Bengal, entering into a confederacy with some others, slew him
and took the title of Shamsu'ddin. He is also called Bhangarah. Sul^n
Firoz set out from Delhi to chastise him and a severe struggle ensued, but
as the rainy season was approaching, he concluded a hasty treaty and
returned. When Shamsu'ddin died, the chiefs of the army raised bis
eldest son to the throne under the title of Sikandar Shdh. Sul^dn Kroz
again marched into Bengal but, retreated after aiTanging terms of peace.
On Sikandar's death his son was elected to succeed him and was proclaimed
under the title of Ghiyasu'ddin. Khwdjah Hdflz of Shiraz sent him an
ode in which occurs the following verse :^
And now shall India's parroqaets on sngar revel all,
In this sweet Persian lyric that is borne to far Bengal.
A native of Bengal by name Kansi fraudfully dispossesed Shamsu'ddin
who was his grandson. When he died, his son embraced Islam and
* Kosenzweig-Schwannan in his trans
lation of H&fiz identifies the Ghij^n'd-
din of this poem, as prince of Herat-
whom Tim6r later deprived of his king-
dom. The verse is certainly against tho
supposition.
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149
took the Dame of Saluda JaUIa*ddiii. It was the cnstom in that country
for seven thousand footmen called Pdyiks^ to patrol round the palace.
One evening a eunuch conspiring with these guards slew Fatl^ Shah and
assumed the title of Barbak Shah.
Firoz Shdh was also slain by these guards and his son Mahmtid was
raised to the sovereignty. An Abyssinian slave named Muzaffar with the
assistance of the same guards put him to death and mounted the throne.
iflLlaa'ddin. an attendant of MuzafPar, in turn, in conspiracy with these
guards despatched his master and established himself in power. Thus
tlirough the caprice of fortune, these low footsoldiers for a considerable
time played an important part in the state, ^lau'ddin placed the admi-
nistration of justice on a better footing and disbanded the Pdyiks, Nasrat
Shah is said to have followed the example of his father in his justice
in and liberality and treated his brothers with consideration. When
Sultan Ibrahim (Lodi) met his death in the engagement with Sultan
Bibar,* his brother and the chiefs of the army took refuge with this
Booarch and lived in security. Humaytin appointed Jahangir Kuli Beg
to the governorship of the province. When Sh6r Khdn a second time rose
to power, he beguiled Jahangir under pretext of an amicable settlement
and put him to death. During the reign of Salim Khan (at Delhi)
Muhammad Khan his kinsman, united loyalty to his lord with justice to
his subjects. When he fell in action against Mamrez Kh&n, his son Khizr
Khan succeeded him and assumed the title of Bahadur Shdh. Mamrez
Khdn entered the field against him but perished in battle. Tdj Khan, one
of the nobles of Salim Khan, slew Jalalu'ddin and assumed the govern-
ment. His younger brother Sulairadn, although of a tyrannous disposition,
reigned for some time, after which his sons Bayazid and Daud through
misconduct dishonoured the royal privileges of the mint and the pulpit.
Thus concludes my abstract.
Praise be to God, that this prosperous country receives an additional
splendour through the justice of imperial majesty.
The Subah of Behdr.
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from Gadhi to Rhotds
k 120 Kos; its breadth from Tirhut to the northern mountains, 110 kos.
On its eastern boundary is Bengal ; to the west lie Allahabad and Oudh,
On the north and south it is bounded by hills of considerable elevation.
* Hindi. Mlf*!* Pers. «-^J a mes- | * At PAnipat, April 21 st, A. D., 1626.
seoger, guard, ranning footman.
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150
Its chief rivers are the Ganges and the Son. Whatever of wood or leather
and the like falls into the Son, becomes petrified. The head springs of
these three rivers, the Son^ the Narbada and the JoJUla^ babble np from a
single reed-bed^ in the neighbonrbood of Oa4ha. The Son is pleasant to
the taste, wholesome and cool ; flowing in a northerly direction, it joins
the Ganges near Maner,^ The Ohandak flows from the north and unites
with the Ganges near Hdjipur, Such as drink of it suffer from a swelling
in the throat,^ which gradually increases, especially in young children,
to the size of a cocoanut.
The Sdlgirdm^ is a small black stone which the Hindtis account among
divine objects and pay it great veneration. If round and small and unctu-
ous, they hold it in the highest regard and according to the variety of its
1 This passage has haffled the editor,
who unable to make sense of any of the
variants, regards it as oormpt. A re-
ference to the 8iyaru*l MutcMhhhhiHn
and the Khuldsat u*t Tawarikh clears the
diffiooltj. In both of these works the
passage is identical and is as follows :
^y, lAj^ »*^ ^ </* ^y- *^3* ^^
and establishes the acoorapy of the
readingSy if not of the fact, Tieflfentha-
ler confirms it. In his account of Behar
he writes: "Snivant un livre qui con-
tient la description de I'lnde, o'est dans
le Gondvane, que le Narbada, le Soane
et le Djnhala jaillissent d*un buUson de
hcmibot^s, comme d'nne source. Selon
nn ingenieur Anglais qui depuis Elahbad
a pen6tr^ jusqu'lL la source, les trois
rivieres susdites sourdent d'un etang,
long de 8 aunes, et large de 6, qui est
entoure d'un mur de brique. Get etang
se trouve an milieu d'un village appel^
Amar cantak; ii est doming par un
hameau assis sur le sommet d'un ooUine
haut de 60 aunes ; des Brahmes en sont
les habitants : il est distant de 20 milles
de Bettenpour, cp:tuide viUe situ^ an
Nord, et de 80 de Mandela a' I'Est.
Le Narbada, apres sa sortie de I'etang,
parcourt Tespace d'un mille et demi
vers I'Est: ensuite se pr^ipitant d'nne
colline avec violence d'une hauteur de 26
aunes, il uoule rapidement vers le village
de Gapaldara. La fleuve, au sortie de
Tetang, a une aune en largeur.
Le 8oane n'est visible qu'a la distance
d*un demi mille de Tetang. Ensuite
apres un oours de 6 milles, il se perd
dans le sable, mais acquerant de nouvean
un plus g^nd volume, il devient one
fleuve considerable, et poursuit soa
course vers Bot&s.
Le DJuhala commence seulement a se
montrer lorsqu* il est d^j& eloign^ de S
milles de I'etang. L4 il descend de la
colline en un mince filet d'eao, qui par
I'espace de 12 milles echappe aux yeox ;
apres quoi il devient une petite riviere et
continue de rouler ses eaux en xp^oore
quantity."
* The junction is thus indicated in
the Bengal Atlas of 1772. It is now
about 10 miles higher up.
8 No doubt from the same causes
which affect Alpine streams. It is snow-
fed, but soon acquires the character of
a deltaic river.
* A species of black quartsose found
in the G^ndhak containing the impres-
sion of one or more ammonites conceived
bj the Hindus to represent Vishnu.
This river is also known as the SalgL
ram.
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151
form, different names and properties are ascribed to it. The generality
ha?e a single perforation, others more and some are without any. They
contain gold ore. Some say that a worm is bred within which eats its
way through ; others maintain that it works its way in from the outside.
The Hindus have written a considerable work on the qualities of this stone.
According to the Brahminical creed, every idol that is broken loses its
claim to veneration, but with these, it is not so. They are found in the
Son for a distance of 40 kos between its northenmost extremity and the
Bonih of the hills.
The Karamndsd flowing from the south unites with the Ganges near
Chausd, Its waters are regarded with aversion.^ The Punpun flows also
from the south and joins the Gkinges near Patna. The smaller rirers of
this Sdbah cannot be recorded. The summer months are intensely hot,
while the winter is temperate. Warm garments are not worn for more
than two months. The rains continue during six months and throughout
the year the country is green and fertile. No severe winds blow nor
ckids of dust prevail. Agriculture flourishes in a high degree, especially
tie cultivation of rice which, for its quality and quantity is rarely to be
iqaalled. Kisdrfl is the name of a pulse, resembling peas, eaten by the
poor, but is unwholesome. Sugarcane is abundant and of excellent
quality. Betel-leaf, especially the kind called Mahhiy* is delicate and
beantiful in colour, thin in texture, fragrant and pleasant to the taste.
Pmits and flowers are in great plenty. At Maner, a flower grows named
Majkand,^ somewhat like the flower of the Blidtura^ very fragrant and
found nowhere else. Milk is rich in quality and cheap. The custom of
dividing the crops is not here prevalent. The husbandman pays his rents
1 No person of anj caste will drink its
waters. The reason of its imparity is
•aid to be that a Brahman having been
murdered bj a Baja of the Solar line, a
sunt pnrified him of his sins hj ccUeot-
ing water from all the streams of the
world and washing him in their waters
which were collected in the spring from
which the Karamndsd now issnes I. G.
Bee Baber's acoonnt of this river in his
If emmrs, p. 408. YHien he crossed it,
the Hindns accompanying him embarked
in a boat and passed by the (Ganges to
avdd it. Its name signifiea * the rain
of reUgiona merit.'
S Lathyrns sativna.
8 Gladwin "Maghee." Thoogh a ^
in the text, the Am constantly prefers
this Taranian form, both initial and
terminal to the Irini ^. Not mentioned
in his description of the Betel at p. 72,
Vol. I.
^ Dr. King of the Royal Botanical
Gkurdens, Oaloatta, snggests that this
may be the Jasminam pnbescens. The
flower resembles a miniatore Dhatara
flower and is very fragrant.
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152
in person and on the first occasion presents himself in his best attire. The
houses for the most part are roofed with tiles. Good elephants are pro-
cumble in plenty and boats likewise. Horses and camels are scarce.
Parrots abound and a fine species of goat of the Barbary breed which they
castrate : from their extreme fatness they are unable to walk and are
carried on litters. The fighting cocks are famous. Game is abundant.
Gilded glass is manufactured here.
In the Sarkdr of Behdr^ near the village of Bdjgar is a quarry of stone
resembling marble, of which ornaments are made. Good paper is here
manufactured.^ Gayd the place of Hindu pilgrimage, is in this province :
it is also called Brahma Oayd being dedicated to Brahma, Precious stones
from foreign ports are brought here and a constant traffic carried on.
In the Sarkdr of Monghyr {Mungir) a strong stone wall has been built
extending from the Ganges to the hills,^ which they consider as demarca-
ting the boundary of Bengal.
In the Sarkdr of Hnjipur the fruits Kafhal^ and Barhal g^row in
abundance. The former attain such a size that a man can with diffical*
ry carry one.
In the Sarkdr of Ohampdran the seed of the vetch Mdsh* is cast on
unploughed soil where it grows without labour or tilling. Long pepper
grows wild in its forests.
Tirhut has from immemorial time, been a seat of Hindu learning. Its
climate is excellent. Milk curds keep for a year without alteration. If
those who sell milk adulterate it with water, some mysterious accident be-
fals them. The buffaloes are so savage that they will attack a tiger.
There are many lakes and in one of them the water never decreases, and
its depth is unfathomable. Groves of orange trees extend to a distance of
thirty kds^ delighting the eye. In the rainy season gazelle and deer aud
tiger frequent together the cultivated spots and are hunted by the inhabi-
tants. Many of these with broken limbs are loosed in an enclosure, and
they take them at their leisure.
Bohtds is a stronghold on the summit of a lofty mountain, difficult
of access. It has a circumference of 14 kos and the land is cultivated. It
contains many springs, and wherever the soil is excavated to the depth of
' This indastry together with that
of cloth, formerly its principal mann-
factures have now nearly died oat. I. G.
■ To the Boath-west, according to
Tiefifenthaler, to close the entrance into
Bengal.
8 Known as the Jack fruit (Artocar-
pns integrifoUa, Roxb ). The Bafhal
according to the dictionary is a small
round fruit, also an Artocarpus, doubt-
fully disting^shed as " lactieha"
* Phaseolus radiatus.
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. 153
three or four yards, water is visible. In the rainy season many lakes are
formed, and more than two hundred waterfalls gladden the eye and ear.
The climate is remarkably healthy.
This Suhah contains seven SarJcdrs subdivided into 199 Pargannahs,
The gross revenue is 22 krors, 19 lakhs, 19,404J darns, (Rs. 66,47,985-
1-3.) Of these ParganahSy 138, pay revenue in cash from crops charged at
special rates.^ The extent of measured land is 24 lakhs, 44,120 highas,
yielding a revenue of 17* krors, 26 lakhs, 81,774 dams (Rs. 43,17044) in
cask The remaining 61 Parganahs are rated at 4 krors, 22 lakhs, 37,630^
dam. (Rs. 12,30940-12-5), out of which 22 lakhs, 72,147 ddms are Suyur-
gM,^ (Rs. 56,803-8-10). The province furnishes 11,415 Cavalry, 449,350
Infantry and 100 boats.
Sarkdr of Behdr,
Containing 46 Mahals, 952,598 Bighas. Revenue, 80,196,390 ddms
in cash from special crops, and from land paying the general higdh rate.
g«yur^^aZ, 2,270,147 diiw». Castes various. Cavalry 2,115. Infantry 6 7,.350.
Bighas and
Biswas.
Kevenne.
D.
Cav.
Inf.
Suydrghal.
D.
Castes.
Anral
57,089-5
426,780
...
1000
Ankhn* ...
49,401-10
8,747,940
,.
...
fkhal
40,404-4
335,260
...
200
Afghan &
Brahman
Amritu ...
24,387-19
18,21,333
...
16035
Do.
Anbald ...
847,920
.,
250
Brahman
Anchha ...
10,'296-57
6,700,000
20
300
Afghan
Antri
1998-9
147,980
20
200
....••
Kayath
Behir with enborban
dis^ot, has a fort
of Btone and brick ...
70,683-9
5,534,161
10
400
653,200
BahUwar ...
48.310-3
3,651,640
...
500
9000
Brahman
BM6k
35,318-18
2,706,539
...
300
1,708,130
Shaikhza-
PaUch ...
30,030-18
2,270,438
500
59,185
dah,Br&h.
Ralia
26,000-18
2,056,502
20
400
85,747
man,
Rajptit
* The terms iJ^ though originally
applied to lands sequestrated by the
■tate, was nsed of rent free lands sub-
jected to assessment in Bengal, to lands
which had been resumed from Jagir
grants by Jafar Khan: in the north-
west, to money rents on the more valu-
able crops, such as sugar, tobacco, and
cotton where rent in kind was the rule.
Abdl Fazl employs it loosely elsewhere
for the revenue collection or assessment
20
of a village. According to Camegy
the word is not in general use in Ondh.
• Gladwin has 18, but 17 is confirmed
by the reading of the S. ul. M., the
writer of which has, however, misunder-
stood the reference by Abul Fazl to
parganahs in the figures 138 and 61,
and confused the sense of the passage.
• See p. 46, note.
• var, Khokri T. Ghogri.
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154
Bighas and
Biswas.
Bevenne.
Lo.
Oav.
Inf.
Snyiirghal
D.
Castes.
Patna, has two forts,
one of brick and the
other of nrnd
2l«846-8
1,922,480
...
...
131,807
Phalwiri ...
20,226-19
1,586,420
20
700
118,120
Rijpfifc.
Pahra
12,283.6
941,160
20
400
18,560
Brahman
Bhimpiir ...
PandAg» ...
10,862.16
824,684
...
24,424
727,640
300
2000
[ah
Tilddah ...
89,653-12
2,920,366
20
300
232,080
Shailchzad.
Jarar«
12,930-10
979,363
60
600
880
Do.
Cbarg&on ...
904,440
20
300
Brahman
Jai Chanpa
620,000
20
600
Didar
••• .
262,600
...
Dhakner ... ...
215,680
...
...
Eiih
260,100
20
1500
••. ..
Br&hman
R&mpiir ...
......
863,820
...
...
Wjgarh ...
3766-12
288,228
...
...
17,225
San<5t
36,780-7
2,824,180
20
500
Bam&i
82,614.8
2,637,080
10
200
62^380
Kiyath
8ahrah
2,079,000
...
600
Rijput
S&ndah ...
24,962-2
1,889,956
600
•.•••*
Afghan
Se6r, has a strong fort
Biihman
on a hill...
14,146-8
1,250,691
200
6000
Ghiasptir ...
84,206-7
6,667,290
...
...
227,454
Gidbanr,* has a strong
B&jpiit
fort on a hill in the
jungle ...
1,452,500
250
10,000
Kitibahra...
••. ...
737,640
...
...
K&bar
7400-9
660,876
80
700
....••
K&jbXI
G6h
874,880
100
1000
B4jpiit
Ghiltis&r ...
.••...
860,820
••.
...
Karanpiir ...
863,820
...
••.
... ..
Gaya
951,4
74,270
...
.,
14,235
Mnner
89,039-15
7,049,179
.«•
...
325,880
Masodhi* ...
67,161-10
4,631,080
...
...
......
Mildah ...
28,128-9
2,151,675
100
8000
49,805
Brilhman
Manro& ... ••.
7706-6
685,500
20
600
Do.
Mah^r
23,937-19
1,779,540
200
47,700
Do.
Narhat ...
30,655-7
2,880,309
6'
200
Kiyath
8a/rkdr of Monghyr.
Containing 31 Mahals. Bevenne I09,625,981| ddms.
2,150 Cavalry, 50,000 Infantiy.
Bevenne.
Abhipur ... ... 2,000,000
Gala ... ... 89,760
Ang6
Anbalu
Castes various,
Berenne.
147,800
60,000
> var, and G. Pandarak T. Pandok.
The word ^^J^ with variant »«>*^
follows the reyenne figures, bat the text
offers no explanation and I can afford
bat nnsatisfaotory conjeotore. It also
oocors ander " Jai Chanpa."
• var. and G. Jadar.
* var. and G. Gandhor. T. Kon^dha-
poar.
4 var. G. and T. Modha.
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155
Bevenne.
BeveiiTie.
Bligtilpdr
...
... 4,696,110
Sdrajgarh
...
299,445
Balii
...
... 3,287,320
Sakhrasini
...
160,000
Paharkiah
...
... 3,000,000
Sa^iri
...
68,730
PbihnnUi
• •*
140,920
Khe1g^9
...
2,800,000
Paaai"
...
... 132,000
Eharhi
•••
689,044
Tandr
• .•
88,420
E6zrah ^
...
260,602
Ghai
>••
... 9,280,000
Kha^ki
...
160,000
Chand6i
...
860,000
Lakhanp6r ...
•••
633,280
Dharmpdr
...
... 4,000,000
Masjidpdr
•••
1,259,760
Dand Sakhw&rah
... 136,000
Monghjr and aabarban distriot
808,907i
Bohni
...
95,360
MaBdi
...
29,726
Sarohi
...
... 1,773,000
Hindiii
...
108,000
Sakhdehra
...
... 690,240
Hazirtaki
•••
9,182
SaghaoH
...
... 860,000
SarMr of Ghampdran.
Containing
3 Mahals, 85,711 Bighas, ,
5 Biswas. Revenue
5,513,420 Ddms,
Horsemen, 700.
Infantry 30,000.
B.
& B. D4ini.
Dims.
onron.
7200
„ 2 600,095
Majhora, 22,416
„ 16 1,404,890
liW,
66,096
„ 7 3,518,436
Sarkdr of Hdjijmr,
Containing 11 Mahals, 10 Villages 436,952 Bighas, 15 Biswas.
Revenue 27,331,030 dams.
B. & B. Bevenae.
Akbarpdr, 8366 „ 17 195,040 Bati,
Bodiwi, 10,851 „ 14 624,791 Sar^ai,
Baflira, 106,370 „ 7 6,380,000 Im&dptir,
Btlagachah, 14,638 „ 2 913,660 Garhsanah,*
Patkehra,* 68,306 „ 13 3,518,354 Naip6r,
Hijipur Trith sn-
bnrfaan district 62,653 „ 17 3,833,460
Sarkdr of 8dran.
Containing 17 Mahals, Measured land 229,052 Bighas, 15 Biswas,
Revenue 60,172,004^ ddms. Castes various. Cavalry 1,000.
Infantry 50,000.
B. & B. Bevenne.
30,438 „13 1,824,980
102,461 „ 8 6,704,300
12,987 „ 7 795,870
876,200
27,877 „ 9 1,663,980
B. &B.
D^ms.
B. & B. Dium.
Indar,
7218 „ 4
534,990
P£l,
66,320 „ 6 4,893,378
Barif.
7117 „10
533,820
Biri,
16,059 „ 3 383,797*
1 T. and G. Baaai.
* var Tekhra. T. Tigira. G. Tay-
kekra.
* ror. and T. Garaind. A note states
that the Pargannah of Gadhaar,
( jr^^ ) ia probably meant, which Ilea
to the N. of Bati and W. of Baslrd.
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156
Barhan/
Pachlakh,
Chanend,*
Chanbdra,
Jawainah,
D^gei,
Sip&h,
B. & B.
8,611 „ 8
9,266 „15
8,413 „13
8
5825
3662
Dams.
654,508
437,997
638,270
400,000
309,285
277,630
290,598
B. & B.
Kodah (Gaw4 ?) 28,049 „ 3
KaliyAnpiir, 17,437
Kashmir,
Mangjhi,
Mandhal,
Maker,
16,915
8,752
9,405
10,936
,19
, 7
.14
Dams.
2,012,950
774,696
1,314,539
611,813
698,140
811,095
Sarkdr of Tirhut.
Containing 74 Mahals, Measured land 266,464 Bighahs 2 Biswas. Revenue
19,1 79,777^ dams. Castes various. Cavalry 700. Infantry 80,000.
B. A B. B. Dams.
Ahaapur, 4,680 „
irtarkhand, 2,068 „
Ahlwdr, 1,001 „ 1
Anbhi, „
AugUri, 836 „ 16
Atli6£s,« 559 „ 17
Basri, Ac., 4 Mahals, „ „
Bahrw^rah,
Banpdr,
Bar^I,
P^pra,
Padri,
Bas6tra,
Pachhi,*
Bahn<5r,
Bachhn6r,
Pachham Bhagti,
Ba^,
Ptirab Bhagu,
Pandrfijah,
B£di Bhoiadi,
Bhdli,
Bha<]iwdr,
Parharpur,
Bahldurpdr,
Baraf,
18
16,176 „
40,347 „
6,185 „
1,823 „
9,048 „
8,864 „
5,816 „
5,033 „
4,956 „
4,095 „
3,716 „
8,022 „ 17
3,135 „ 4
2,823 „
2,840 „
2,087 „
1,968 „
1,936 „ 16
1,455 „ 12
302,550
128,412
62,212
60,000
53,980
84,356
1,125,000
942,000
894,792
789,858
112,591
554,258
546,627
361,920
289,773^
275,185
271,826
267,862^
222,280
195,8371
175,585
145,437
130,4711
121,0671
119,305
90,3691
B. & B. B.
1,303 „ 17
1,170 „ 9
1,060 „ 4
875 ,. 16
Parhir Bighd,
Bhaur^,
Palwarah,
B6rd,
Banwl, „ „
Parharpur, Jabdi,» 604 „ 14
Bagi, 505 „ 6
Bochh4w£r, 188 „ 10
Barsiliii, ' 200 „ 18
Tariini, 7,171 „
Talokoh^wand, 2,411 „ 7
T^jpiir. 1,351 „ 14
Tdndah, 1,038 ., 4
Tarsdn, 980 „ 4
Tirhnt with sabnr-
ban district, 21,398 „
Jdkhar,
. Dams.
81,605
69,608
65,628
55,767
40,539
87,736
81,550
12,875
12,695
443,242
149,896
85,434
63,768
61,180
Jariiyal,
Ghakmani,
Jakhal,6
Jabdr,
Dahr6r,
Darbh&nga,
lUmjannd,7
Sareshti,
Salimpur,
17,140 „
8,297 „
6,173 „
3,092 „
ty tf
3,165 „
2,038 „
7,409 „
16,474 „
458 ..
14
1,307,706
1,068,020
515,732
321,326
196,020
45,025
202,818
159,052
470,0051
941,010
29,094
* A note suggests that Narhan, still
existing in Ohamp^uran is meant, but G.
and T. both have Barhan.
* T. Oharband. G. Cheranend.
* var, and T. Athi^s.
* var. and G. Bachti. T. Batschi.
' var, Jhandi, Jahdi.
* In the maps Jakhalpiir.
* Note suggests, B&mchdwand.
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B. A B.
B. Dtos.
B. & B.
B. Dams.
Salim&b^,
44„16
4,184
Mdrwah,
8,289 „
615,485
Sanj<Sli Tadr^
2,460,,
150,843i
Mandah, (Ma-
Alipiir,
8,796 „
442,466
h^nd ?)
107,7 „ 12
66,693
Fnkrsbdd,
1,170 „ 6
72,355
Margil,«
632 „ 18
39,022
EhananU,
4,644,,
408,804
Malahmi,*
151 „ 1
9,728
Ghar Chawand,
6,510 „
349,4801
Nanram,
»» i»
288,140
Eddakhand,
3,888,,
243,677
Nautan,
3,381 ., 7
209,153
Kof£di,
i> >»
90,000
H4fchi,
2,563 „ 18
159,79(»i
Khandi,
330,, 6
21,443
Harni,
796 „ 17
50,342
Kadwari,l
2,609,,
142,495
Hdbf,*
3,665 „ 8
230,700
Hahla,
15,295 „
946,048
783,425
2,769,466
2,370,790
8,786,040
1,829,300
Sarkdr of Eohtds.
Containing 18 Mahals, 47,334 BigTias 15 Biswas. Revenae, 40,819493
Bams. Castes various. Cavalry 4,550. Infantry 1d2,000.
B. & B. B. Dims.
Ratanpur, has a
strong fort,
Sar8f,7 44,710 „ 3
SahsarAon, 31,220 ., 18
Fai^pdr bhaiya,50,474 „ 15
K(5tr^ 29,167 „ 16
K6t, has a strong
^o'*^» I, „ 847,920
Mangr6r, „ „ 924,000
Nann<5r, 29,621 „ 2,000,000
The Subah of Ildhdbdd. (Allahabad.)
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from Sinjhauli in the
Jaunpur district to the southern hills^ is 160 kos ; its breadth from
Chausa ferry to Ghdtampur 122 kos. On the East is Behdr. To the
North, Oudh. Bdndhu^ ^lies to the South and Agra to the West.
Its principal rivers are the Ganges and the Jurrvna, and there are.
other smaller streams such as the Arand,^^ Ken, Sard (Sarjd), Bama, <fcc.
B. & B.
R. Ddms.
firah,
53,512 „ 16
4,028,100
aojpdr,
66,078 „ 17
4,903,310
Rrt,
» »>
3,407,840
ftnwar.
22,733 „ 3
1,677,000
Ba4g4oo,6
10,546 „ 17
842,400
Jwind,
45,251 „ 3
4,440,360
Jaidar,
26,538 „ 16
1,634,110
Dinwar,
29,154 „ 4
2,076,520
Dinar,'
}f )>
350,000
Kobtas with su-
burban dist..
84,330 „ 19
2,258,620
^ In the maps L^wiri.
* Note Naranga.
* var. Malhani, T. Malhi.
* T. Hdti, Gr. Halee, var. Hapi and
Hawi
* In the maps, Birahglion.
* In the maps, Din&rah.
^ In the maps, Saras.
• No donbt the Kiimnr range, ont-
lying the Vindhyan platean.
* Banda.
'• The Arand is in the S. nl. M. Jj.
and in Tisff. Rend. " nne petite riviere
qni coule a pen de distance de Corra."
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158
Its climate is healthy. It produces a variety of fruits, flowers and
garden herbs, and it has always an abundant supply of melons and grapes.
Agriculture is in a flourishing state. Jow&ri^ and LaMarah, however,
do not grow and Moth is scarce. Cloths, such as Jkdli,^ and Mihrhal and
the like are beautifully woven, especially at Bendres, Jaldldhdd and Mau
At Jaunpilr, Zafanodl and other places woollen carpets are manufactured.
A variety of game is also to be found.
Illahahdd anciently called Priydg was distinguished by His Imperial
Majesty by the former name. A stone fort was completed and many
handsome edifices erected. The Hindds regard it as the King of shrines.
Near it, the Ganges, the Jumna and the Saraswati meet, though the latter
is not visible. Near the village of Kantat considerable captures of ele-
phants are made. What is most strange is that when Jupiter enters the
constellation Leo, a small hill appears from out of the Ganges and remains
there during the space of one month upon which the people offer divine
worship.
Bdrdnasi, universally known as Benares, is a large city situated be-
tween the two rivers, the Barna and the Aaifi In ancient books, it is styled
Kdsi, It is built in the shape of a bow of which the Ganges forms the
string. In former days there was here an idol temple, * round which pro-
cession was made after the manner of the Tcaghah and similar ceremonials
of the pilgrims conducted. From time immemorial, it has been the chief
seat of learning in Hindustan. Crowds of people flock to it from the
most distant parts for the purpose of instruction to which they apply
themselves with the most devoted assiduity. Some particulars of its
history shall be related in what follows.
In A. H. 410 Sult&n Mal^mud of Ghazni marched hither, and some
disruption of the old faith was effected. In A. H. 416, he again invaded
the country. He first invested Gwalior but raised the siege under
a treaty of peace. He then resolved to take the fort of Kdlinjar, The
governor sent him 300 elephants vnth his respectful submission and
proffered some eulogistic verses. Mal^mdd was so much pleased that he
^ This is now one of the principal
crops.
« SeelstVol. pp. 94, 95.
■ The Asi ia a mere brook and the city
is situated on the left bank of the Gan-
ges, between the Bamd Nadi on the N.
E. and the Asi Nala on the S. W. The
former rises to the N. of Allahabad and
has a course of 100 miles. The Asi NalA
will be foand in James Prinsep's map of
the city of Benares. From the joint
names of the two which bound the city,
N. and S. the Br&hmans derive Yaranad,
the Sanslait form of Benares. Cnn-
ninghami Ancient Geog, of India, p. 437.
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169
bestowed on him the governorship of the fort together with the charge of
fourteen other places.
Jawnpur is a large city. Sultan Firoz (Tughlak) king of Delhi laid
it6 foundations and named it after his consin Fakhrtiddin Jaanah.^ Its
loDgitade is 190° 6" ; its latitude 26° 15 '.
Chanddah (Chanar) is a stone fort on the snmmit of a hill, scarce
equalled for its loftiness and strength. The river Ganges flows at its foot.
In its vicinity, there is a tribe of men who go naked, living in the
wilds, and subsist by their bows and arrows and the game they kill.
Elephants are also found in the forests.
KUinjar is a stone fortress situated upon a heaven-reaching^ hill.
No one can trace its origin. It contains many idol temples and an idol is
there, called Kdli Bhairon^^ 18 cubits high, of which marvellous tales are
related. Springs rise within the fort and there are many tanks. Adjoin-
ing it is a dense forest in which wild elephants, and kestrels and hawks
and other animals are trapped.^ Ebony is here found and many kinds of
fraits grow spontaneously. There is also an iron mine. In the neigh-
Imirhood, within eight kos, the peasants find small diamonds.
It is said that RAja Kirat Singh the governor of the fort possessed
fix precious treasures, a learned Brahman of saintly lif e, a youth of great
beauty and amiable disposition, a parrot that answered any questions
pat to it and some say, remembered everything that it heard, a musician
named Bakshti unequalled in the knowledge and practice of his art, and
two handmaidens lovely to behold and skilled in song. Sultan Bahadur
Gajrdti having formed a friendship with the Rdjd asked him for one of
these. The B4jah generously and with a provident wisdom sent him
Bakshd. Next Sher Eh&n of the House of Sdr requested the gift of the
two wonderful songstresses, and when his messenger returned without
them, he invested the fort. Works were erected and the besieged were
reduced to great straits. In despair, the Baj&, after the manner of the
* Aooordiog to Tieffenthaler, it was
named after a womsoi] called Djona
whoee husband was a herdsman, and
who founded the city 700 years ago and
became its eponymons heroine.
* Its elevation is 1230 feet above sea
leyeL I preserve the epithet. Ferish-
ta ascribes the fort to Eedir lUj^, a
contemporary of Mohammad, bat local le-
gend connects it with Chandra Brim,
ancestor of the great Chandel famUy
of Bajpnts, who removed hither after
their defeat by Prithi Bdj the Chanhin
ruler of Delhi. I. Q.
8 Probably v?:^, a name of Siva, but
one of his inferior manifestations.
* This classification of game does not
betray either the sportsman or the
naturalist.
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160
Hindas who hold their honour dear, burnt his women, for in the slumber-
ing of his reason, he had set his affections upon the things of this fleeting
life, and so giving his body to ashes, according to the desire of his enemies,
he became soiled with the dust of dissolution. As to Sher Khdn, who
had conceived this wicked design, he fell at the powder magazine when
the fire opened on the fort and the harvest of his life was consumed.^
In the village of Modha high and low are distinguished for their
comeliness.
This Suhah contains ten SarkdrSf And 177 Parganahs, Revenue 21
hrorsy 24 lakhs and 27,819 dams (Rs. 53,10,695-7-9,) and 12 lakhs of
betel leaves. Of these Parganahs 131 pay revenue from crops charged at
special rates. Measured land 39,68,018 highas, 3 hiswas, yielding a re-
venue of 20 krors, 29 lakhs 71,224 dams (Rs. 50,74,280-9). The re-
maining 46 Parganahs pay the general bigah rate. They are rated at 94
lakhs, 56,595 dams (Rs. 2,36,424-14). Of this, 1 kror, 11 lakhs, 65,417
dtirns (Rs. 279,135-6-6,) are Suyurghdl. The province furnishes 11,375
Cavalry, 237,870 Infantry and 323 elephants.
Note. — In the names of the parganahs under the following Sarkdrs, I
have altered the spelling where the variants allow, in accordance with
Elliot's lists, as his personal acquaintance with their true pronunciatioa
is probably more correct than those of my previous lists which were
adapted as far as possible to reconcile the readings of Gladwin and
Tieffenthaler. The discrepancies are slight and will not interfere with
their recognition.
S4bah of Ilahdhdd.
8uhah
of Agra,
Suhah of Ovdh.
S4bah of Delhi.
Sarhdrs.
Sarkdrs,
Sarkdrs,
Sarkdrs,
lUh&bas.
Agra.
Garakhpur.
Delhi.
Karrah.
Eanauj.
Rewari.
Eorarah (Kora).
K£lpi.
Sahiranpfir.
KAlinjar.
Kol.
Hisdr Firozah.
Jannpiir.
Tijarab.
Sambhal.
Gh&zipdr.
Irij.
Bad&on.
Benares.
Sahar.
Chan&r.
* This took place in 1554. Dnring
the siege a live shell rebounded from
the walls into the battery where Sher
Shib stood and set fire to the gunpow-
der. He was brought out severely
burnt and died next day, having pre-
viously ordered an assault which was at
once made with success. I. G.
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161
Sarkdr of lUhdbdsX
Containing 11 Mahals^ 573,311 Btghas, 14 Biswas. Of these, 9 Mahals yield
20,833,374J Ddmsy in money. 8uy4rghdl, 747,0011 Ddms.
Castes yarious. Cavalry 580. Infantry 7,100.
Bighas and
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
ghiD.
1
1
1-^
Castes. .
lUhibas, with snbarban
district: has a stone
fort
284,057
9,267,859
253,261
...
1,000
Brihman.
fihaddi, with a brick fort
OD the bank of the Gan-
ges ... •••
78,252-2
8,660,918
37,584
200
6,000
IUjp(it,afew
Bhar.*
Jalilabid," 5 MaiuUfl ...
*••
787.220
...
10
400
Brahman.
Sorton
68,932-4
8,247,127
161,527
40
1,000
E<jpdt,Chan-
d61. Brah-
man.
Singranr, has a brick fort
(u the bank of the
Ganges
88,636-6
1,886,066
74,888
...
...
Brihman,K£-
yath, Rah-
matalluhi.
ftindarp6r ...
84,756-8
1,867,704
92,138
25
600
Brihman.
Eantifc, has a stone fort on
the Ganges ...
856,555
...
60
2,000
Khand^I ?*
Uii. (Elliot K6wii) ...
14,885-3
721,115
19,005
16
400
Eijptit, Bi-dh-
man.
Kbairagarh, has a stone
fort on a hill...
...
400,000
...
200
6,000
Rajpfit, Bi-
r4si?»
Xah, has a stone fort on
the hill Alwandfi
21,982
1,139,980
22,495i
20
400
Rijpiit, Ga-
harw&l
HWiibis, (now caUed
JhusL BUiot)
42,422-5
2,018,014
79,078
20
400
EAjptit.Brih-
man.
' Changed by Shih Jahin to Ilahab^d
M the termination hda saronred too
much of Hindnism. Elliot's Glossary II.
104. but Mr. Beames considers that bdd
wu the original Mahammadan termina-
tion, changed by the lower orders to
^1 as they continae to call it to this
day.
* The Bhars were a powerful tribe
during the period of Bnddhist asoen-
dsncy. In Sonthem and Eastern Oadh
there are many relics of their wealth
*Bcl power in the shape of tanks, wells,
emhinkments and deserted sites of brick
Wt forts and towns. I. G.
21
■ Three names follow without diacri-
tical points, illegible in the MSS. Tieff.
gires ** Sobehe, Aniiif Bando, Barbar.
^ A note to the text suggests, Gahctr-
wdl, one of the 86 royal tribes of Raj-
puts.
' This is doubtful and the variants are
* A note states that in the maps there
is no hill. Altoand is the name of a
well-known mountain in Hamadan, 80
leagues from Ispahan, often employed
in Persian imagery as a synonym for
loftiness.
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162
SarJcdr of Ohdzipur^ (East)
Containing 19 Mahals, 288,770 Bighas, 7 Biswas. Bevenae 13,431,9
Ddmsj in money. Suyurghal, 131,825 Ddms. Castes varioas.
Cavalry 310. Infantry 16,650.
Bighas and
BUwas.
Bevenne
D.
Snydr-
ghiXD,
1
6
1
CaBtat.
BalU
28,844.16
1.260.000
200
2000
lUjpdt.*
Pach<$tar
13,679-9
6,982,040
2,260
60
2000
Do.
Bilhabia*
12,306
652,860
10
200
Do.
B4briabad
6,988-10
856,840
ii72b
•••
200
Do.
Bhaldech, (B. Barfioli) ...
2,265-19
112,461
...
...
Chaasi, (E. Ghaonsi) ...
16,602-11
791,663
... ...
10
600
Brihman.
Dibhiy (B. Dihmah)
2,808-16
12H,816
2,077
...
50
R&jp^t.
Sayyidpur Namdi
26,721-3
1,260,280
18,172
20
1000
Brihman.
ZaharaUd
18,802-12
667,808
29,528
600
20
Do.
Ghizipnr with gnburban
Kayath,Rii.
diatriot
12,826-9
670,350
89,680
10
20
p6t.
Kariyafc Pali ...
Kdpachhit ... ...
1,394-6
76,467
...
...
19,266-11
942,190
*898
20
2000
Ujpiit.
Gandhi, (B. Gafhi)
10,049-10
600,000
...
200
Do.
Karendi
6,260-16
293,516
... «••
•••
300
Do.
Lakhn^r • (E. T<ftVhneBar)
2,883-3
126,636
834
...
...
Hadan Benares
66,648-7
2,760,000
1,866
50
5000
Brihman.
Mobammadibid, and Par-
harbari,
48,774-16
2,260,707
4,777
2000
100
Do.
Sarkdr of Benares (East.)
Containing 8 Mahals, 36,869 Bighas, 12 Biswas. Revenue 8,869,315 Dam
in money. Suyurghdl 3,38,184. Castes varions.
Cavalry 830. Infantry 8,400.
Afrady ... ... ...
10,656-6
853,226
20,080
400
Brabman,
BenArea, with mibnrban
Bijpat.
district,
81,667-1
1,734,721
22,190
50
1000
ByiiiBi.
60,961-3
647,684
• a....
20
800
Do.
Pandarba, (var. and E. Pan-
drab)
4,610-16
844,221
15,836
10
400
Do.
KaswAr,
41,184-14
2,290,160
80,120
50
2000
Do.
Eatebar, baa a brick fort,..
30,495-14
1,874,230
48,070
500
4000
BagbnTansi.
Bribman.
HarhO,
18,098-8
713,426
8,145
...
300
^ Here follows an unintelligible sen-
tence yarying in four HSS.
' G. and T. Baliabass.
" " Lakbnesar " in text witb rar. Lakb-
ner (see p. 90) in wbioh tbe otbor antbo-
rities oonoor.
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163
Sarkdr of Jaunpur (North).
Containing 41 MaTuds, 870,265 Bighas, 4 Biswas. Revenae 56,394,107 dams
in money. Suyurghdl, 4,717,654. Castes yarions.
Cavalry 915. Infantry 86,000.
Bighas and
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
Suvdr-
ghix D.
1
6
60
1
Castes.
Aldimn,
46,888-12
8,099,990
88,976
3,000
Bajpdt Bach-
goti.
Sayyid, BAy
AiigU,
42,992-14
2,718,661
464,616
50
2,000
put, and
Bahmatol-
labi.
Bflitari
17,708
844,867
12,620
10
100
Anjari.*
Bhadion
4,800
229,315
... -
10
100
$addi^i.
Tilhani
10,988-8
664,863
27,167
10
100
Bdjput.
Jaonpur with snburbfl, has
ft fort, the lower part
•tonoi and the upper ooo-
i^ctedofbriok
66,789-4
4,247,048
807,821
120
2,600
Bajptit Ko-
sak. Brah-
man, Kor-
mi."
(Aindip^ Ba^har, (B. Bir-
^)
22,826-7
1,467,206
167,641
20
400
BahmatalU-
hi, Briih-
man.
Chindah
17,690
989,286
*■••.•
20
800
Bachgoti.
E£jpSt.
Chiriyftkot
14,153
807,848
13,689
20
200
Jakcaar (B. Chakegar) ...
6,416-10
286,586
10
100
^addiki.
Kharid. has a brick fort on
the banks of the Sarah
(!r)
80,914-13
1,445,743
3,140
60
6,000
BAv^^Lt Kau-
Kblfpnr T^^oh
17,866
986.953
40,189
10
800
Kiyath.
KhAnp^r ... ...
6,628-10
8,06,020
6,387
160
Kijpdt
Do.Gantami."
Deoflr&on
Un
44,624-18
2,683,206
196,288
26
1,000
24,360
1,326,299
84,602
10
800
Eajp6t.
SftDJhaQU
46,816-8
2,938,209
334,932
60
100
Sayyid, E£j-
piit, Brah-
man.
' These according to the I. G.( Bahraioh)
wete the descendants of the early Mos-
mhnaa settlers and invaders. For their
descent and history, see Blliot I, 7. For
Bachgoti, see Blliot (Baces of the N.W.P.)
who says that all Chanhans are Bach-
gotts, being of the gotra of Bach bnt
Sherring prores this to be an error,
isstanoing the gotras of V^atsa and Kyasp.
Hindu Tribes, I, p. 164.
S A note sng^g^ests ''Konbhi" or "Gan-
tami," bnt Enrmi is a well known agri-
onltnrist caste in Eastern and Central
Hindustan, being the same essentially as
the Ennbhis of the west and sonth.
' A clan of B&jptits of the Chandar-
bans, once a powerful clan in the Lower
Doab. See Blliot, p. 118, 1, and Sherr-
ing, 1, 202.
Digitized by
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164
Bighas and
Beyenne
Snynr-
IS
1
Castes.
Biswas.
D.
ghalD.
M
Sikandarpur, has a brick
forfc
82,674.10
1,706,417
6,826
10
3,000
Brfihman.
Ragdf, (E. Sagri)
19.792
1,274,721
102,224
10
200
Eijpiit.
Sorharpir
18,851
1,164,095
7,094
10
20
Do.
Sh^didbdd
80,848-8
1,700,742
10,020
20
400
Do.
?Hfarab4d
2,622-9
166,926
13,806#
...
60
Do.
Kariyat Mittu ...
8,991-11
561,410
*. • •
10
300
Do.
„ Dostpur,
8,857
481,624
42,227
,,,
100
Do.
„ Mendhah
7,416
894,870
21,260
• ••
100
Do.
„ So^thah
2,988-10 206,783
14,224
100
Do.
K<51ab;
24,281
1,863,832
14,971
10
800
Do.
Ghiswah
30,776
1,241,291
42,366
10
2O0
Do.
Ghdsi, ... ...
18,913
1,037,934
69.650
10
200
Do.
Ga<^wdrah
2,191
618,942
2,682
60
6,000
BijpiitBaoii-
gotl
Bajpfit.
Kdndiyah, (E. Kanrii) ...
6,764.12
811,890
200
Gropdlpur
8,266-8
18,043
4,948
...
100
Do.
Kai*4kat
48,882-14
23,002,748
77,389
20
600
Do.
Mandiahd, has a briok fort
(E. Mariahii)
88,899-5
6,269,466
278,788
60
2,000
R^jptit Kau.
sik.
Edjput,Brih.
66,860-14
8,229,068
220,442
80
1,000
Mungra
9,626-6
629,730
•••
200
man.
Riljpdt.
Majhinra
6,417-6
420,164
i4,4a7
...
200
Bahmatdl-
Ubi.
Shaikh si-
dah.
Rajpdt Gaa-
Man ...
2,646.8
209,067
• •.
60
Ni?am4btd
6,074-18
602,592
478,026
200
4,000
tami, Brah-
man, Rah-
matiillahL
Negdn
10,146
75R,796
145,860
200
Br&hman.
Xathdptir
4,948-14
273,472
21,239
10
200
l^addDu.
Sarkdr of MdniJqntr.
Containing 14 Mahals^ 666,222 Bighas, 5 Biswas. Revenue 33,916,527
Ddms in money. Suyurghdl, 8,446,173. Castes various.
Cavalry 2,040. Infantry, 2,900.
Arwal, has a brick fort ...
62,131-10
2,957,077
87 520
114
7,000
Rajpfit.
BhaWl
82,843.3
1,832,288
175,763
20
500
Eijput, Ki.
yath, Bao-
riya.*
Tilhandi
11,721-6
388,251
64,821
10
800
Do.
Jalalpiir Balkhar, has a
brick fort
76,617.8
3,918,017
140,326
400
5,000
Bachgoti,
Brahman.
1 Var, Granriya, Pnriya : perhaps Ba-
oria a tribe of professional thieves
widely spread, and in a loose way, a dis-
tinct caste. I. G. under, Rajpotana and
Sherring II. 82.
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165
Bigbae and
Eevenae
Sayur-
c
Castes
Biswas.
D.
gh£l D.
5
1— 1
JUi, has a brick fort, (I.
G.Jais)
25,625
1,424,737
277,868
260
7,000
YarioQS.
D8imau,hasabrick fort on
the Ganges ...
67,508-9
3,626,067
844,130
50
200
Turkoman.
Bae Bareli, has a brick fort
on the Sal ...
65,751-17
8,650,984
180,080
40
2,000
E4ip(it,
Khand,
Baoria.
SaloDi has » briok fort ...
66.102
2.717,391
894,774
180
8,900
B^p6t
Khandwil,*
Bisen.
Kir7^Ear£rah...
51,505-19
2,461,077
115,774
20
700
Edjptit,
Bisen.
» P^egih
22,130
1,117,926
6,794
20
400
Do. do.
EiM^hasabHokfort...
9,456-8
514,909
8,187
100
2,000
Baohgoti.
Minikpflr with suburbs,
has a brick fort on the
Ganges
129,830-1
6,737,729
612,312
500
6,000
Bis^n.
Wrtbid
55,599-4
2,582,079
108,148
40
1,000
Rijpdt, K4-
yfttb, Bao-
ria, Bais.
Sarkdr of Chanddak, {Ohandr,) South.
Contaaning 13 Mahals, 106,270 Bighas, 8 Biswas. Revenue 5,810,654i
Ddms, in money. Suyurghdlf 109,065. Cavalry 500.
Infantry 18,000.
Bighas and
Eevenue
Suyur-
'3
!
Castes.
Biswas.
D.
gh&l D.
Ahirwarah
1,858-8
109,073
..•
Bhdii, (B. Bhfifli)
18,975-10
1,112,656
33,605
...
Badhaul, (B Barhaul) ...
6,412-11
861,364
605
.,,
Tandah
488,010
...
Ghanidah, with suburban
12,939-14
833,908
8,467
500
18,000
Saddiki,
district, has a stone fort.
FaruVi,
Ansari.
Dh6s
4,274-10
235,644
14,548
...
...
R^hfipdr, (now pro-
nounoed Rahfipur B.) ...
7,267-12
451,962
17,869
...
...
Tfllages, this side of th^
river
18,098
846,371
14,492
...
...
Ifojhwirdh
9,812-8
649,817
14.597
• *•
Hahaich
7,950-2
390,609
2,069
...
...
Mahwari
4.878-3
227,067
...
...
lUhdi, (£. Maw^)
4,301-2
206,283
8,853
...
• a.
* Sharring gives the name of Khond' |
eMU to a trading caste in Bhurtpdr. I
III, 52.
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166
Sarkdr of BliatKkhora} (South.) .
Containing 89 Mahals, Bevenne^ 7,262,780 DdmSf in money.
Cavalry 4,304. Elephants 200. Infantry 57,000.
Sarkdr of Kdlinjar^ (South.)
Containing 11 Mahali. Measured land, 508,273 Bighas, 12 Bitwas.
Revenue 23,839,470 Ddma, in money. Suyurghdl 614,580 Bdms,
Castes various. Cavalry 1,210. Elephats 112.
Infantry 18,100.
Bigbas and
Biswas.
Hevenae
D.
Snyilir-
gbilD.
1
"a
>-•
j
Castes.
VgniaU hM a brick fort, (B.
Ugisi)
58,963-6
2,502,893
60,776
400
5,000
10
Sayyid,
Ga^hwal,
Ajaigarb, bas a stone fort
Parihir.*
on a bill
.••...
200,000
20
2,000
10
Gond.
Sendba, (B. 8ib<$nd£) bas
a stone fort on tbe Ken...
138,467-12
6,262,8331
129,412
20
3,000
26
Gond, Chan-
del, Ac.
Simannf, bas a brick fort...
48,866-3
2,247,346
16,300
300
3,000
...
Kbandwa
Sb&dipur, bas a stone
fort
62,765-16
2,798,329i
96,312
40
700
...
Mjpdt, Ac
11,988-10
612,026
60
100
20
Bbar,Bai8.
K&linjar witb snbnrban
district
22,494
970,269
130,490
20
600
7
Kbar^lab, bas a brick
fort
25,940-1
1,275,326
60
1,500
...
Bdjpnt, Bail.
Mabob^ bas a stone fort.
and eaob side of tbe
yOlage is flanked by two
bigb bills
81,667-13
4,042,014
4 120,000
pdn leaves.
860,528
100
3,000
40
Bagri.
Mindbi, bas a stone fort...
62,530-7
2,998,062
154,062
30
400
Rabmatn'l-
Uhi. Pari,
b&r.
^ G. Bnbtgorab. Tieif, omits it.
' One of tbe 4 Agniknla or Fire-races,
tbe otbers being Pramir, Solankbi and
Gbanblin. See BUiot, I, 68. Tbe Bigri
are a tribe inbabiting tbe B^lgar country,
a tract between tbe S.-W. border of
Hariana and tbe Gb&ra. BIgar is also
tbe name of a tract in Milwab, but in
tbe N.-W. P. applied to tbe Bigri Jats
of Hissir and Bbattiina. Slliot, I,
9-10.
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167
Bark&r of Korardh (Corah,) West.
Containing 9 MdhaU, 341,170, Bighas, 10 Biswat, Bevenne 17,397,567
Dams. Suyurghdl 469,350 Ddma. Gasfces yarioos. Cavalry 500.
Elephants 10. Infantry 15,000.
Bigbas and
Biswas.
Rerenae
D.
Snyiir-
gb&lD.
1
200
1
i
Castes.
Jijmlo, lias a fort on the
62,196-10
8,106,846
189,986
4,000
7
Afgb&n
Qanges
Lodhi, My
p6t, Bais.
Konrah,* with snbarban
124,748-12
6,771,891
267,878
50
800
...
Brihman.
district, haa a brick fort
(mthe Arand...
Gbitampiir
78,876-8
8,667,664
48,664
100
2,000
10
R£jpiit D(-
khifc (Di-
kshit) E&-
yath
BrAbman.
Xajhiwan
26,980-8
1,823,889
2,574
20
1,000
litii
12,178-11
684,274
20,816
80
1,000
Rijput Gml-
tami.
Gin^
10,041-19
618,497
20
1,000
...
Do.
Innpdr Kinir, (Elliot
17,966
880,070
30
1,000
...
Do.
Uratpdr Kaninda)
l*anpiir
18,181
600,586
60
2,000
2
RiLjpdt
Chandel.
Sarkdr of Karrah,^ (West.)
Containing 12 Mahals, U7,6h6'B%ghas, 19 Biswas, Revenne, 22,682,048
Dams, Suyurghal, 1,498,862 Ddms, Castes various.
Cavalry 390. Infantry 8,700.
Bigbas and
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
Suy6r-
gbil D.
1
O
10
10
10
s
Castes.
Kiehhi, (Elliot Bncbbi) ...
Atharban
^n»i
86,825-11
18,617-14
16,783-11
l,624,084i
894,036^
846,766
84,974
4,770
600
200
6<H)
••
RiLjpfit,
Do.
Do.
* Elliot. (3/ Tbe S-nl-M tj/ A
^Msyed town in Fatebpdr district ; f or-
nwriy the capital of this Sark^ under
the Hugbals : it still retains traces of
iti former importance. A few words
foQow this name which are either omit-
ted or illegible in the other HSS.
l-ftenny they run thns: "And there
M » village called Ndmi which prodnces
flowers and oolonr." Perhaps, a dye.
'or the Dikhit tribe of Rajputs. See
HKot,I,88.
* The text has !^ and at p. 849
^ Tbe Utter is correct. "In 1876,
the fief of Karra, Mahoba and D&laman
were united under one governor called
Malik u's Shar^. Akbar removed the
seat of government to Allahabad, which
henceforth superseded Earra in im-
portance *' I. G. Earrah is now a ruined
town on tbe right bank of tbe Ganges,
40 mUes N.-W. of AUahibAd. It was
the scene of the famous meeting be*
tween Muizu'ddin and his father in 1286
which forms the subject of Mir Ebusm's
well-known Persian Epic, the Eirinn's
Saadain.
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168
Bighas and
Biswas.
Eevenne
D.
Suyur-
gbalD.
!
1
00
1
Gsfltes.
Haveli, fsnburban district)
of Karrah
9,638-17
6,192,170
442,080
100
J, 000
Kiiyath.B&j.
piit, Brih.
man, KharL*
lULri
66,727-18
2,707,084
26,350
10
4,000
Eijpfit,
BaldahSof Earrah, has a
ffrj^bTn%"T
fort on the (Janges,
lower part stone, npper,
brick
70,001-12
236,868
...
••*
Various.
Karari, has a brick fort on
the Jnmna ...
89,686-19
141,953
,,..„
«••
...
TL6t\i
18,043-1
909,234
122,191
10
300
Brihman,
K^9r£, commonly K<5s6n,
Eajpiit.
(Elliot, Karson),^ baa a
brick fort
11,782-9
698,487i
100
2,000
Various.
Fatebpnr Hanswah, (EtUot
Haswa)
65,916-8
2,892,705
370,420
50
1,000
Rijpdt,
Brahman.
Hatgaov
55,322-12
2,728,508i
24,829
40
1,000
Do.
Hai^swah
42,621-3
2,123,661i
16,606
30
1,000
Afghan,
Bajpdt.
Its rulers,
Sultinu's Sharif reigned, 16 years.
Mubarak Shah „ 1 year aad a fraction.
Sult&n Ibrahim „ 40 years „
SuUan Mal^aidd „ 21 years and a few mouths.
Ma^raud^ Shah „ 5 months.
Hnsain „ 19 years.
These six princes held sway for 97 years and a few months.
This province was formerly administered by the sovereigns of Delbi.
When the imperial authority devolved on Sultin Mahmlid-b-SuHin
Mufeammad-b-Firdz Shah, he bestowed the title of Saltan us Shark upoa
* Elliot makes the ^^Kharris" a
division of GFanr K^yaths.
■ Mr. Beames in a note to Elliot's
Gloss., p. 88, II, distingnishes between
Eaveli and Baldaht the former alluding
to the district close to the Capital and
the latter to that at a distance. It would
have been more satisfactory had he
determined the limits of the distance.
It cannot be far, as Elliot at p 107, says
that the distinction between Haveli and
Baldah Earra has been lost as separate
ParganahSf both being in Parganah
Karra.
• T. Kurson, G. Kursoon.
* A note corrects the name as Mui^m-
msd Sh^.
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169
Malik Sarwar a ennuob who bad received from his predecessor the
dignity of Khdn-i-Jahdn, and sent him to this province.^ Ho gave lustre to
his reign by his judgment, clemency, justice and valour and thus garnered
a provision for his life's last journey. When the cup of his days was full,
the son whom he had adopted, named Mubirak l^aranf ul, by the assistance
of the chief men of the State, raised himself to power and had the khutbah
read and the coin struck in his own name. When the news of this event
reached Mallti (Khdn^) he collected troops and marched from Delhi to
oppose him and encamped in readiness for battle on the banks of the
Ganges,^ but nothing decisive having been efiEected, both armies returned
When this prince died, his younger brother Ibrahim was raised to the
throne. By his knowledge of men and capacity for affairs he administered
the kingdom with justice and made the chastisement of the unruly a source
«f prosperity to his government. Wisdom was eagerly sought and the
(mpects of the intelligent in every profession were advanced, l^izi
SUulbu'ddin,^ a sage of Hindustan flourished about this time. He was
ha at Delhi and in that city acquired a comprehensive knowledge of the
ndnctive sciences and traditional lore, and at the time of the arrival of
Timnr, he set out for Jaunpdr in the company of his master Maulana
^ In the aocount of the rnlers of
Xflwah later on, Halik Sarwar is said
to hare been appointed to Jaanpur by
Mntammad son of Piroz Qhih, father of
Mahmiid. The latter's accession dates
from 1393, whereas Malik Sarwar was
aeatto Jannpiir in 1388.
' This is a capital instance of the
abruptness and obscurity of Abnl Fazl.
Without a knowledge of contemporary
Ustoiy (and in this case, of details which
^ uthor had no warrant to anticipate
in His leaders) this passage woald not be
ti^j understood. The S. n1. M. has
f ondthed me with the completion of the
naoie and information as to its bearer.
He WIS one of the chief nobles of the
court of Mubarak's father.
• At Kanauj in 1401. The dates of
tbe nrions authorities do not agree. The
L Q. makes the length of the first reign
IS yoan instead of 16 : Tieffenthaler only
22
6 between A.
H. 796 and 802. (A. D.
1393-99.)
According to
the Useful Tables the
line runs thus :
A. H. A. D.
800 1397.
Khoja Jehan, Subah-
dar of Kanauj, Oudh,
Kora, and Jaunpur
asjumed indepen-
dence.
803. 1400.
Mubirik Sh£h his
adopted son.
804. 1401.
Shems ud din Ibrahim
Qhih Sharki.
845. 1441.
Mahmud Shih-b-Ibra-
him.
866. 1451.
Husen Shih-b-Mah-
mud-b-lbrahimShah.
883. 1478.
the court of Aland
din of Bengal where
he died in 906 A. H.
Known as Malik u*! Ulam&.
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170
Eliw&jagi who was the successor of Na^fra'ddin Chir&gh^ of Delhi and
there continued his progress and became the envy of his time. Shih
Maddr, however, who is esteemed one of the saints of Hindustan and
the chief of his contemporaj series of divines, through the disagreement
that ever exists between philosophers who regard the material world,
and masters of the spiritual life, entertained no esteem for the EJai,
When the days of Ibrahim came to a close, his eldest son Bikhan'
Khan, under the name of Snlfan Mal^mud, assumed the sovereignty. As
his deeds were not approved, the sentence of deposition was issued against
him and his brother Husain^ raised to power. He made rectitude his rale
of conduct and his chief object the conciliation of all hearts. Fortnne
favoured his desires and the world praised him but intoxicated by the
maddening fumes of worldly^ success, he became arrogant. He v^as iuvolved
in war with Sulfdn Bahlol and was defeated. Sultdn Bahlol left^ his son
Bdrbak at Jaunptlr and entrusted him with the goverument. On the death
of Sultan Bahlol the throne of Delhi devolved on SulfAn Sikandar.
Sultan Husain with the connivance of Birbak collected troops, made
several attempts against Delhi, but with him the Sharhi dynasty closed.^
The Suhah of Oudh,
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from the Sarkir of
Oorakhpur to Kanauj is 135 kos. Its breadth from the northern mountains
to Sidhpurf on the frontier of the Suhah of Allahabad is 115 kos. To the
east is Behar ; to the north, the mountains ; to the south, ManihpuTy and
^ A short biog^phioal notice of him
will be found at conclusion of Ferishta's
history.
• So the text The 8 nl. M. " Bhikan."
' There was an interval of 5 months
dnring wich Mn^^mmad son of Ma^mtid
lived through his brief day of power
which he stained with omelty. He was
assassinated, on account of his bmtal
treatment of his brothers.
^ The text has an evident error of
ij^,^ for ^^ J see p. 5 Vol I. (Preface
to text) for the peculiar orthography of
the Ain.
• In 1478.
* Jaunpiir continued to be governed
by the Lodi dynasty till the defeat and
death of Ibrahim grandson of Bahlol and
last of the line, at Panipat by Bihar in
1526. A local kingdom was for a short ^
time established under Bahadur Khin
governor of Jaunptlr who asserted his
independence. It was recovered by
Humay^, passed again into the hands
of Sher Kh&n and his son Salim. Hn-
mayun on his reconqueet of Hindustin
died before he could master his eastern
possessions. Jaunpur continued under
the Af ghins until Akbar in the 4th year
of his reign, took possession of it
through Ali Eiili Ehin and incorpora-
ted it with his dominions. In 1575 the
Yioeregal Court was removed to Al-
lahabad and Jaunpur was governed
thenceforth by a Nizam.
* This name is not traceable.
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171
to tbe west, Kanauj. Its olimate is good, Sammer and winter are nearly
temperate. Its principal streams are the Sari {Sarji), the Ohaghar
{Oogra) the Sai and the Oodi (Oumti), In the first mentioned, divers
aquatic animals and forms of strange appearance show themselves. Agricul*
tue 18 in a flonrishing state, especially rice of the kinds called Sukhdds,
Madkhar, and Jhanwdh,^ which for whiteness, delicacy, fragrance and
wholesomeness are scarcely to be matched. They sow their rice three
months earlier than in other parts of Hindustan. When the drought begins,
the Sai and the Gogra rise high in flood and before the beginning of the
rains, the land is inundated, and as the waters rise, the stalks of rice shoot up
and proportionately lengthen : the crop, however, is destroyed if the floods
are in full force before the rice is in ear. Mowers, fruit and game are
alnmdant. Wild bulEaloes are numerous. When the plains are inundated
the animals take to the high ground where the people find sport in hunting
ttem. Some of the animals remain all day in the water and only at night
^preach the dry ground and breathe in freedom. AwadJfi is one of the
latest cities of India. In is situated in longitude 118^, 6', and latitude
Wy 22'. It ancient times its populous site covered an extent of 148 hos
A length and 36 in breadth, and it is esteemed one of the holiest places
at antiquity. Around the environs of the city, they sift the earth and
gold is obtained. It was the residence of B&machandra^ who in the Treta^
agp combined in his own person both the spiritual supremacy and the
kmgly office.
At the distance of one ho8 from the city, the (hgra, after its junction
with the Sai, flows belows the fort. Near the city stand two considerable
tombs of six and seven yards in length respectively. The vulgar believe
Ihem to be the resting-places of Seth and the prophet Job, and extra-
ordinary tales are related of them. Some say that at Battanpur is the
tomb of Kabir^^ the assertor of the unity of Ood. The portals of spiri-
tual discernment were partly opened to him and he discarded the effete
* Uroally " Jhanwin."
■ Ajodhya.
* The 7th avatdr, who in this capital
d the Bolar dynasty founded on the
cbdioi wheel of Brahma, consnmmated
theg^es of sixty generations of solar
ftiBoes and as the incarnate "ELimi, is
^ hero of the famous epic that bears
Inmame.
* A misprint in the text of 4y for
^ For an account of this Vishnuvite
reformer I refer to the I. G. (2nd ed. VI,
p. 218). His doctrines were preached
between A. D. 1380 and 1420 and at.
tempted the union of Hindu and Mu\^am-
madan in the worship of one God whether
invoked as Ali or B&ma. On his decease
both these sects claimed the body and
while they contested it, Kabir sud-
denly stood in their midst and com-
manding them to look under the shroud'
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172
doctrines of hi?^ own time. Nnmerooa verses in the Hindi langnage are
still extant of him containing important theological tmths. Bahraich is
a large town on the banks of the river Sarju. Its environs are delightful
with numerous gardens. Sdldr Mas^ud^ and Rajab 8i\&r are both buried
here. The common people of the Muhammadan faith greatly reverence
this spot and pilgrims visit it from distant parts, forming themselves in
bands and bearing gilded banners. The first mentioned was connected by
blood with Mal^tid Ghazni, and sold his life bravely in battle and left
an unperishable name. The second was the father of Sultan FinSz king of
Delhi and won renown by the rectitude of his life.
In the vicinity of the town, there is a village called Dokon which for
a long time possessed a mint for copper coinage.
From the northern mountains quantities of g^ds are carried on the
backs of men, of stout ponies and of goats, such as gold, copper, lead,
musk, tails^ of the kufds cow, honey, chuk (an acid composed of orange juice
and lemon boiled together), pomegranate seeds, ginger, long pepper, majit^
root, borax, zedoary, wax, woollen stuffs, wooden ware, hawks, falcons,
black falcons, merlins, and other articles. In exchange they carry back
white and coloured cloths, amber, salt, assafoetida, ornaments, glass and
earthen ware.
Nimhhdr is a fort of considerable note and a shrine of great resort.
The river Godi (Ghimti) flows near it, and around are numerous temples.
There is a tank called Brahmdwartkund in which the water boils and
with such a swirl, that a man cannot sink therein,* and it ejects whatever
vanished. A heap of beautiful flowers
was there discovered, which, divided
among the rival worshippers, were bu-
ried or burnt according to their re-
spective rites. Pilgrims from upper
India to this day beg a spoonful of rice
water from the Kabir Monastery at
Puri in Bengal.
* Under the orders of Ma^mtid of
Ghaznl, he penetrated the country in
A. D. 1033, but was eventually defeated
at Bahraich and fell fighting, aafiguine
purpuratum, as Tieffenthaler writes,
crowned with the double glories of the
hero and the martyr.
' It would seem from a passage of
Ferishta mentioning an inroad of
Tibetans into Kashmir in the reign
of Ibrahim, son of N£suk Shih (p.
359, II) that the yik is meant. The
Kashmiris retaliated by pursuing the
marauders, and exacting as compensa-
tion 500 horses, 1000 pieces of paU4,
200 sheep and 50 kutis cows ( u^^ ^1
Later on, it is mentioned by Abul Fail
among the fauna of India and described
as little differing from the common cow
except in the tail which is a distinguish-
iog peculiarity, and the origin of its
name, hutds,
* Eubia Munjista, Boxb. a native of
Nepal and other mountainous countries
N.-E. of Beng^. Its root yields a red
dye.
* Tieffenthaler asserts that it derivef
its name from Brahma who is supposed
Digitized by
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173
is tbrown into it. In the neighbonrhood is also a deep hollow, the spring-
head of a small stream one yard in breadth and four digits deep that flows
into the Gnmti. The Brdhmans tell strange tales of it and pay it wor-
ship. It^ aand shapes itself into the form of Mahddeo which qnicklj
disappears again and of whatever is thrown in, as rice and the like, no
trace remains.
There is likewise a place called GhardmiH, whence, daring the Holt
festival, flames spontaneously issue forth with astonishing effect.
Lucknow is a large city on the banks of the Oumti, delightful in its
surroondings. Shaikh Mina whom the people consider a saint, lies buried
here.
Surajkand is a place of worship frequented bj yariooB classes of
people from the most distant places.
Khert is a town on the banks of the river Sat upon which the people
go in boats to spear fish.
Bilgrdm is a small town the air of which is healthy and its inhabitants
are generally distinguished for their quick wit and their love of singing.
There is a well here which adds to the intelligence and comeliness of
▼homsoever drinks of it for forty days.
This Suhah is divided into five Sarkdrs and thirty-eight parganas.
The measured lands are 1 kror, 1 lakh, 71,180 highas. Its revenue, 20
hrors, 17 lakhs, 58,172 dams, (Rs. 6,043,954-4), of which 85 lakhs, 21,658
dams (Bs, 213,041-7,) are SuyurghdL The provincial force consists of
7,640 Cavalry, 168,250, Infantry and 59 Elephants.
Sarkdr of Oudh.
Containing 21 MehaU, 2,796,206 Bigahs, 19 Bisivahs, Revenue,
40,956,347 Bdms in money. Suyurgh&l, 1,680,248 Dims. Castes various.
Cavalry 1340, Elephants 23, Infantry 31,700.
Bighas
Biswas,
Bevenne
m
1
1
Castes.
Oodfa, with suburban
Anb^dlia, has a briok
^'ort, ^
ibrahimab^d,
88,649-17
282,037
19,838-8
2,008,866
1,298,724
445,417
158,741
7,318
103,806
5
80
600
700
...
Brahman
Knmbi.
Bais.
Ansari.
to have sacrificed here, b
the I. G. there is a le£
of these tanks, B£m6 wa
nt aooordin
fend that in
tshed away
gto
one
his
8
I
I
in of ha^
)er8on of
Lis wifeS
ring
Rava
ita. •
slain I
tna, wl
\ Br
10 ha
^man in the
A carried off
Digitized by
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174
Biffbas
Biswaa.
Bevenae
D.
1-
M
1
i
Cayabj.
Anli6nah, has a brick
fort,
74,090
1,268,470
•••
100
2,000
...
Gbanban,
newly oon-
yertedto
IsUm.'
Paohhamrith,
289,086
4,247,104
88,886
20
600
...
B&jpiit,6£ch.
bal,Gbelot.
BacbgotL
Bilehri, has a briok fort,
16,859
816,881
60
2,000
...
Ba8<$dhi,
81,188
606,478
1,600
20
600
...
Do.
Th£nah Bhadiof.
8,708-2
427,609
86,172
1,000
...
Do.
Bakthi,
44,401
886,008
8,960
•••
600
...
Do.
DBTjihid, has a brick
fort, ^
487,014
5,869,621
226,871
100
2,000
...
B£jpdtCbaa-
bto, Raik-
Bndanli, baa a brick fort.
861,683
8,248,680
269,083
60
2,000
*••
wir.*
Bajpnt,Ghaa-
bin, Bais.
Sflak, do.
671,071
4,728,209
200,946
100
2,000
...
R&jpnt, Raik.
wir.
Baobgoti.
Snltinpnr do.
76,898
8,832,680
98,967
200
7,000
8
Satanpnr, do.
80,164
1,600,741
109,788
300
4,000
...
Bais, newly
converted to
l8Um,Bach.
goti, Josbi.
Snbeba,"
104,780
1,609,293
87,200
30
1,000
...
Rijpiit.
Sarwap^-,
68,170
1,210,885
47,107
...
1,000
...
BacbgotL
8atrikah(Satrikh,I.a.)
87,041
1,126,296
92,696
20
1,000
.••
Anfiiri.
Gaw^hak,
79,168
8,778,417
8,782
60
1,070
...
Baikwir.
Eishni, has a brick fort.
26,674
1,889,286
123,847
•••
1,600
8
Bijpiit.
Hangalsi,
116,401
1,860,763
86,604
20
1,000
...
SomblaiBL
Naipar,
6,997
808,788
2,940
...
600
...
Variona.
BarkAr of Oorahhp4r^
Gontaming 24 Mahals, 244,283 Bighas, 13 Biswas. Revenue 11,926,790
^ Sberring mentions a clan of tbese
oonyerts in Obait division of AUababad
Dist. 1, 162.
S Tbe origin of tbis tribe is given in
tbe L G. (Babraiob) and tbeir settle-
ments in Sberring I, 219.
• In text *rt** ? witb a note of in-
terrogation. Snbeba is a well-known
parganah in BIra Banki District. In
tbe I. G. its area is recorded as 88
square miles, or 66,467 acres of wbich
30,788 are cultivated. Ck>vt. land le-
venue £6611. In Akbar's time accord-
ing to tbe above figures Bs. 40,282-7,
and tbe average, taking tbe bfgba at {
of an acre, 65,487i acres nearly.
^ An inferior tribe of Brabroans em-
ployed in casting nativities. Elliot I,
140.
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175
Dam in money. Suyurghal 51,235 Dams. Castes varioos. Cavalry 1,010.
Infantry 22,000.
Blghas
Biswas.
BeTonoe
D.
I-
OQ
1
M
4
Castes^
ltraiiU,haiabriokfort,
82,052
1,897,867
6,986
60
1,600
..■
Afghin-i-Mi-
y6nah.»
AnhanU,
4,114-17
201,120
2,170
«••
400
...
Bison.
Bmiikpdr, has a briok
lorty ••• ••• •••
18,867-7
600,000
400
8,000
...
B&jpdt Sd-
rajbansL
BiabhAiip4rah, (E. Bam-
bm, p. ) ••• ...
6,688
414,194
•••
2,000
...
lUjpiit.
Bhaawipteh,
8,106-16
.166,900
••.*..
200
...
Bisen.
ttipdr, has a briok fort,
9,006-17
400,000
100
2,000
••
B&jp6t S6-
raibansf.
B&]put.
Ohflnpirah, do.
Buyip^rah (£. Dhnria,
6,686-14
289,802
••• •
2,000
P- )
8,1867-19
1,617,078
6,067
60
400
...
Bia^n.
Dewlp^rahaiidKotlah,*
SmahalB
16,194-17
717,840
,
20
2,000
•«.
Do.
Bihli, (or Budanli) ...
88,188-19
1,618,074
20,878
...
1000
...
lUijpdt Bisen.
Bu^pur and Ghod,
2 mahalB, (£. GhaiiB
6»
4,200
622,080
600
...
Sombansf.
B&mgarb and Ganri,
SmahaLi, ...
10,762
486,948
^
...
...
Do., troops
entered
under Bi-
n&ikpiir.
Gonklipdr with Bubnr-
ban diBtriot, has a
brick fort on - the
Kapti,
12,666-8
667,886
8,919
40
200
...
S&rajbansL
Kapli, has a briok
fort,
900-12
40,000
800
2000
...
Bansi.
Bibk, p.)
16,012
426,846
20
800
• ••
Bisen.
Mahanli, Do. ...
2,628
618,266
...
2000
...
Bisen.
]laD4wah, •••
1,909-19
462,321
.*....
20
600
...
SombansL
Manflah,
1,262-6
61,100
...
...
...
Maghar and Batanpiir.
2mahals,hasabrick
MW, ••• ...
26,062
1,862,686
16,771
...
2000
••
Bisen, Bai8«
* See YoL I, pp. 466 and 506 ; see also
Shenrmg n, 248: also Afghan tribes
rdarlcarof Eibnl.
* EUiot, Dhlwip&ra Enhini.
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Google
176
Sarkdr of Bahraich,
Containing 11 Mahals, 1,823,435 Bighas, 8 Biswas, Reyenue 24,120,525
Dams in money. Suyurghal, 466,482 Ddms, Castes various. Cavalry
1,170. Infantry 14,000.
Bighas
Biswas.
Rerenne
D.
1.
1
i
1
Castes.
^
Ss
^
i}
m
o
l-H
»
Bahraich with suburban
district has a fort on
the river SarjA
697,231
9,189,141
402,111
600
4,500
•..
Rijpiit.
Bahrah
926
87,185
,
•••
500
••.
Kahnahi
Hus4mpur, has a brick
fort
157,416
4,707,035
1,601
70
900
...
Raikwir,Bi*
D&ngddn
84,436
440,562
••• ■••
2,000
JanwiiT.*
Kajhat
4,064-11
166,780
...
1,000
...
Ditto.
Sinjhanli — •..
124,810
877,007
...
...
...
E^jpdt Jan-
Snltinptir
58,146
166,001
••«...
».•
700
...
Janwir.
Fakhrpiir, has a brick
fort
191,720
8,157,876
56,085
150
2,000
••
Raikwar.
Ffrozabdd, ditto ...
108,601
1,933,079
4,107
200
7,000
•••
^s;u/
Fort of Nawagarh
417,601
2,140,858
50
1,000
...
Various.
Eharonsa, has a brick
fort
28,489-17
1,316,051
2,628
100
1,000
...
Bais.
Sarhdr of Khairdh&d,
Containing 2"^ Mahals, 1,987,700 Bighas, 6 Bwwtw. Revenue, 43,644,381
Ddms in money. Suyurghal, 171,342 Ddms. Castes various. Cavalry
1,160. Infantry 27,800.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
1
J
CajBtes.
Bar6r Anjnah*
Baswah, has a brick fort.
P&li
79,670-9
185,119
144,627
4,825,437
8,545,648
1,849,270
107,079
107,916
87,945
50
80
80
2,000
1,000
1,000
...
...
...
Rijpdt,
Rijpdt,
BibhhaL
Asnin.*
* Var. Kher.
« A tribe of Rajputs i
3ithur of Cawnpore a
Gunir of Fatehpiir.
m Sihonda
RasdUbM
nd in Ku
and
and
biya
TV
T
• Hind,
ell knov
uar, and(
• T.Bar
• Var. h
m ]
some
6rA
[flin,
I or ^
Sijput
times ii
Qzana, (
A^hin, iS
trib
ioorr<
&. Bi
Jmin
Mid ri\^^l a
9, commonly
Botly, Tenore^
rduranjeh.
Digitized by
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177
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
>
1
m
S
1
Castes.
c8
o
20
s
Biwan
66,156
1,161,236
26,488
1,000
Ditto.
Basrah
60,063
•■.• •
...
300
...
Yarions.
Bhanrirah, haa a brick
fort
8,971-18
43,548
60
2,600
...
Ahnfn '
Basari
21,740
276,066
200
...
Bachhal.
PiU
981-14
48,202
...
200
...
Ahnin.*
Cbhatyipdr ...
64,706
1,765,641
41,094
60
700
...
Bajput GUbor.
Khairibid with subtir-
ban District, 2 Mahals,
has a brick fort
169,072
2,161,284
174,191
60
2,000
Brihmftn.
Sio^, has a brick fort...
211,804
3,055,839
195,106
20
2,000
...
Sombansi.
fiiiah
68,832
2,091,983
8,666
60
600
Chanbin.
fiidrpir
120,698
881,176
16,581
20
600
• ••
Janwilr,
Gop^u, has a brick
Bichhal.
fort
107,868-6
5,620,466
662,087
100
3,000
•••
RAjputKudr.
Kheri, do. do.
260,168
3,250,522
60,622
60
1,600
...
Bison, Rij-
Ihair%arh, one of the
p(it, Jan-
most important fort-
wAr.
mses in Hindnst&n.
There are 6 f orta of
brick and mortar, at
it
43,052-7
1,829,328
300
1,600
•••
Bais, Bisen,
Bachhal,
Kahnah.
XharkheU
15,815-16
478,727
20
600
...
Asfn.*
Khiokhat Man
8,058-11
235,666
... ••
400
...
Various.
lihirpdr
208,288
3,029,479
200,079
60
1,000
BrAhman.
Haohharhat^h
71,069
2,112,176
2,430
30
2,000
Kijpdt,
Nimkhir, has a brick
Bachhal.
fort
68,775-18
3,666,056
66,055
100
1,600
...
Ahir.
B«Karfon
66,952
200,000
26,385
20
500
...
Brahman.
Sarkdr of Lucknow.
Containing 55 Mahals, 3,307,426 Bighas, 2 Biswas. Revenue 80,716,160
J)dm in money. Suyurghdl, 4,572,526 Dams. Castes various. Cavalry
2,680. Elephants 36. Infantry 83,450.
Bighas.
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
to
1
1
5
I
s
Castes.
Abethi (Amethi), has a
l»rickfort
TJnim, has a brick fort.
laanli, has a brick fort
ontheGKimti.
117,381
61,045
1,670,093»
3,076,480
2,012,372
4,208,046
300,217
253,747
240,846
300
50
50
2,000
4,000
2,000
20
Ansdri,
Sayyid.
RAjpiit,
Baohgoti.
• i Var. Asin, Ahin, Ahnin.
23
• In some M. S. S. 1,670,093, for both
the first two columns.
Digitized by
Google
178
BighM
' Biawaa.
Bevenae
D.
^Q
1
1
i
1
Oaatea.
&
O
10
3
Asiy^n
67,726
880,626
68,421
600
Bais, Oban-
Asoha
26,027
609,901
••••••
400
...
del
Abnin.'
XTnchahg4on ...
83,122
417,967
1000
2,000
Baia.
Bilgr4ov, lias a brick fort*
192,800
6,124,118
Z6e]m
20
1,000
...
8ayyid,Btti
BangamuuL Ditto ...
242,291
8,802,122
161,481
...
2,000
...
Rajput,
Gbelot
Chanbin.
Bijlaur*
80,681
2,606,047
198,961
80
1,000
Ban
Bhariman ...
80,690
1,284,799
61,660
80
1,000
•••
Bais.
19,409.8
691,406
......
20
600
...
Bua.
BefchoU*
Paixhan ... ...
84,727
420,732
12,780
...
600
...
Baia.
8,786
840,191
8,194
200
...
B4jput,Jit.
8,946
267,809
...
800
...
Baia.
Paraandan ...
9,111
287,687
...
200
...
•^Sf^H
Pitan
6,621
214,266
■.. ...
...
400
Bribman,
B^b^hak6r ...
9,867
168,684
...
800
Kbnnbi.
BriLhxnan.
Dewi, has a briok fort...
Deorakh
Dadrah
Banbarp^, haa a brick
61,774
88,687
1,128,176
1,988,887
2i,'441
174,207
20
80
2,000
2,000
...
CbandO.
Bijpdt.
18,840-9
10,796
689,686
78,787
100
60
1,600
...
**•
Baia.
Rijpdt.
fort ... ...
76,490
2,486,886
79,226
100
2,000
...
Baia, BA'
Bimkot, Ditto
Santiiilah, Ditto
9,790
898,700
268,099
10,628,901
887,246
ICO
200
6,000
••*
man.
Bijp^t
Gbelot,
Siipfir
89,088-16
2,626,888
28,886
40
1,000
BiohbiL
B4jpdt,
CbandeL
Gbandel,
Sapoflf
2,671
1,289,767
1,667
20
1,000
Bitanp^
60,600
1,028,800
10,192
60
2,000
RajpAt
Baia, Brah-
Sah£lf
Sidhor*
18,066
694,707
180,216
10
600
man.
Eijpiit.
86,794
1,692,281
813,022
100
1,000
...
Afghan, B£j-
pdt.
Baia.
Sldbpfir
Sandi
SanSii
Fate^p6r, baa a brick
9,871-4
606,018
160
1,600
7,866-9
6,676
892,818
210,816
181792
2,868
...
1,000
100
...
Bijp6t.
fort
198,800
8,161,440
261,440
200
2,000
6
Sbaikbi£di]i,
Patebp6r Chanriwi ...
Garb Anbbatti (Amethi)
106,962
909,176
6,694
10
600
...
Bljpfit.
R4jp6t,
Gbandel
baa a briok fort
47,866
1,800,000
260
6,600
8
Bijpdt, Bah.
Kurgi, baa a briok fort...
K£k6ri, Ditto
80,817
81,684
1,698,844
1,184,482
62,919
14,480
20
80
2,000
600
8
manQoti.
Bijpdt.
BAjpdt,
Khanjpah ...
22,800
818,472
100
2,000
...
Biaen.
Baia.
^ See note 2 laat page.
» So alao in G. but T. Bidjndr.
• G. Bitbowly, T. Bethda
* Var. Sayyidpor,
G. Seedhora.
Seopdr, Sheopnr.
Digitized by
Google J
179
Blghas
Biswas.
ReTcnae
D.
i
i
1
M
}
Castes.
Ghtonpfir
27,890
662,661
••■
500
•••
Br&hman.
Kschhandan *
22,066
480,696
^460
•••
600
OhandeL
6onnctt,(Eaniida p. 94]
4,808
884,769
*■•*••
•••
200
Br&hmaii*
Konbhi
6,940
267,089
•••
400
•••
B&jp^t.
Lwsknow with snlrarbaii
distriot ... ...
91,722
1,746,771
241,196
200
8,000
Shaikhz&dah
Br&hman,
KijBJth.
huhkBi
16,894
168,629
•*••.•
•*•
4,000
Bais.
]CaIikhib^,*lia8abriok
IUjp6t,Bais.
fa*
169,269
4,479,260
108,646
80
1,000
•••
Bais.
laUwah
88,022
8,698,718
222,088
80
2,000
•••
Bais.
Xohan has a brick fort..
60,990
1,996,678
198,484
80
2,000
••■
Rijpdt, Bais.
Harioii, has a hrkk fort
68,847
1,698,444
4,806
160
2,000
Bijp^t, Bais.
Madiion
49,422
1,186,218
82,900
80
600
•••
BarkhaU.
lUhdnih
60,896
977,860
8,806
60
2,000
B4jp6t.
Ktnawi^hasabriokfort.
29,466
771,872
18,767
•••
2,000
...
Mosalm&n,
Rijptit.
lArfod*
17,969
676,200
6,24^
,
1,000
...
Eiipdt,Bais.
Bttha, has a brick fort.
163,226
2,460,622
6,609
100
1,600
...
Bali.
ftrfoi
11,734
869,748
6,026
800
BHhman*
Isnhir*
18,109
829,786
80
600
Bais.
The Subah of Agra, the Boyal Residence.
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from Ohdtam^ on
the Allahabad side to PaUoal on that of Delhi is 175 koi. In breadth it
faka^ from Kanauj to OhandSriiu Mdlwah. On the east lies Ohitampwr;
to tiie north, the Ganges ; to the south GhandSri, and to the west, PaltodL
It possesses many rivers, of which the principal are the Jumna and the
Ohamhal. The former flows down from the northern mountains, the latter
rises at HdsH^r in Mdl/wah and unites with the Jumna at Kdljpi. Banges
of bills lie scattered to the south. The excellence of its climate is almost
muiTaUed. Agriculture is in perfection. Fruits and flowers of all kinds
abound. Sweet-scented oil, and betel-leaf of the first quality are here
obtained, and its melons and grapes rival those of Persia and Transoxiana.
Sgra is a large city and possesses a healthy climate. The river Jwrrma
flows through it for five hos, and on either bank are delightful villas and
' la tha I. G. Kaohandan.
* In the I. G. MalihiUd, also in T and
G.
' Here a word illegible, Barkala is an
iv&rior class of Bijpdts found in West-
ern and Central pwganaks of Bnland-
shahr.
« T. called also B&ri.
• Donbtful in text whether initial
letter a ' or ^. G. Henhlr.
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180
pleasant stretches of meadow. It is filled^ with people from all countries
and is the emporinm of the traffic of the world. His Majesty has hnilt
a fort of red stone, the like of which travellers have never recorded. It
contains more than five hundred buildings of masonry after the beautiful
designs of Bengal and Gujerat which masterly sculptors and cjinning artists
of form have fashioned as architectural models. At the eastern gate are
two elephants of stone with their riders graven with exquisite skill. In
former times Agra was a village dependent on BidnahK Sultan Sikandar
Lodhi made it his capital,^ but his present Majesty embellished it and
thus a matchless city has arisen. On the opposite side of the river is the
Char Bdghy a memorial of Bdbar.* It was the birth-place of the writer
of this work, and the last resting-place of his grandfather^ and his elder
brother. Shaikh j^la u'ddin Majzdb, Bafiiu'ddin Safaw: and many other
saintly personages also repose there.
Near the city on the banks of the river Jumna is a village called
Bangtah, a much frequented place of Hindu worship.
Fatehpur was a viUage formerly one of the dependencies of Biamh^
and then called Stkrt, situated twelve kos distant from Agra. After the
accession of his Majesty, it rose to be a city of the first importanca
A masonry fort was erected and two elephants carved in stone at its
gate inspire astonishment. Several noble buildings also rose to com-
pletion and although the royal palace and the residences of many of the
nobility are upon the summit of the hill, the plains likewise are studded
with numerous mansions and gardens. By the command of his Majesty
a mosque, a college and a religious house were also built upon the hill, the
like of which few travellers can name. In the neighbourhood is a tank,
twelve kos in circumference and on its embankmeut his Majesty constmct-
ed a spacious courtyard, a mindr^ and a place for the game of Chaugdn ;
elephant fights were also exhibited. In the vicinity is a quarry of red stone
^ I am inclined to doubt the correct-
neBf of the jnxtapoiition of «^vl with
A^'wA and would refer the former
to the preceding sentence, and place
the stop after it. The S. ol. M. bears
ont this view.
* I follow here the spelling of this
name in the first volume.
• The old Agra of the Lodhi dy-
nasty lay on the left bank of the river
where traces of its foundations still
exist. The modem city is on the right
bank and is the work of Akbar. The
fort was built in A. D. 1566.
* Later called Hasht Bihisht, or M-
rafshdn Gardens, and now called the
Ram Bigh.
^ His grandfather Shaikh Khizrdied
on his journey to Siwistdn, and his
father Mubdrak, at Lahore in 1593.
See Preface to text, Biog. of Abul Fasl.
pp. i, ii, xi.
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181
whence colamns and slabs of any dimensions can be excavated. In these
two cities under his Majesty's patronage carpets and fine stuffs are woven
and nnmerons handicraftsmen have full occapation. Bidnah in former
times was a large city. It possesses a fort containing many buildings
and cellars, and people at the present day still find therein weapons of war
and copper utensils. There is also a lofty tower. Fine mangoes grow here,
some of them more than two pounds in weight. Sugar of extreme white-
ness is also manufactured. Here too is a well, with the water of which
mixed with white sugar, they make cakes weighing two pounds more or
less which they call kandcturah (with no other water will they solidify)
aod these are taken to the most distant parts as a rarity. Indigo of finest
quality is here to be obtained, selling at ten to twelve rupees per man weight.
Excellent hinna is also to be found, and here are the tombs of many emi-
nent personages.
Todah Bhtm is a place at a distance of three kos, from which is a pit
fall of water, the depth of which none has sounded. Mines of copper and
turquoise are said to exist, but the expense of working them exceeds their
income.
Mathura (Muttra) is a city on the banks of the Jvmna : it contains
lome fine temples, and is one of the most famous of Hindd shrines. Kdlpi
is a town on the banks of the Jumna, It is the resting-place of many
saintly personages. Excellent sugarcandy is here manufactured. In the
time of the Sharhi princes, it was tributary to Delhi. When Kadir Khdn
affecting the airs of sovereignty proclaimed his independence, SuH^n
Hoshang marched from Milwah and having chastised him, reinstated him
in the government. Sultan Mnhmud of the Sharhi dynasty, however,
seised it in turn from Na^ir Khdn the son of Kddir Khan.
Ka/navj was in ancient times the capital of Hindustdn.
Owaliar is a fanlous fortress and an elephant carved in stone at its
gate fills the beholder with astonishment. It contains some stately edi-
fices of its former rulers. Its climate is good. It has always been noted
for its exquisite singers^ and lovely women : here is an iron mine.
Alwar (Ulwar) produces glass and woollen carpets.
Ferdih^ possesses a copper mine, so profitable that from a man weight
of ore, they obtain 35 sere of metal. A silver mine is also said to exist but
it does not pay to work it.
1 Aocording to the S. ul M. the
CimoiiB T&nsen was one of these. See
Yol I. pp. 611 of the Ain.
« G. Beerat. T. Berith. S. nl M. ^]ji*
a dependency of the g^veminent of
Narnol, according to Tieffenthaler.
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182
Near the hill of Ndmol is a well at which the Hindiis worship and
when the tithi^ of Amdwas fMa on a Friday, it oyerflows at simrise and
water can be drawn withont the aid of a rope.
At Singhdnahf TJdaipir^ and KdfpiUK are mines of copper. In the
town of Edndri^ are many cold and hot springs.
The Sibah contains thirteen Sarhdn, two hundred and three Pargo'
nahs (fiscal subdivisions). The measored lands are 2 irors, 78 lakhs,
62,189 highas, 18 htswas. The revenue is 54 krors, 62 lakhs, 50,804 dam.
(Rs. 13,656,257-9.6). Of this, 1 hror, 21 laJchs, 5,703^ ddms (Rs. 302,642-
9.) are SuyirgJM. The provincial force consists of 50,681 cavahy,
577,570 Infantry, and 221 elephants.
8a/rkdr of Agra.
Containing 33 MahaU, 91,007,324 Bighaa,
Ddms in money. Suywrghdl 14,566,818 Bams,
15,560. In&ntry 100,800.
Revenue 191,819,265
Castes various. Cavalry
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne.
D.
1'
i
1
1
Castes.
02
o
•-•
^
Agra with gubiipban
district
881,990-6
44,966,468
8,824,464
8000
1,6000
»••
Ganr,8 Jat
EUwah, hM a briok
Lodh.Ac.
fort on the Jamna ...
284,106
10,789,326
161,862
2000
1,6000
...
Bhadanri-
TaBrihmaa.
ov
15S,a77.9
6,609,477
81,642
1000
1000
...
IMjpdt,
BrihnuMi,
OadAii, (ElUot Odhi)...
274,067
2,884,866
78,166
20
600
...
ITd (EUiot Od)
203,506
1,008,848
86,870
100
600
...
Shaikhii.
dah.
Bajw&rah, has a atone
fort,
668,286
10,966,660
••■
1600
6,000
...
...
Bi&nah with snbnrban
dist. has a stone fort
286,442
7,110,104
662,206
60
100
...
Ahfr, Jat.
Biuri, ... ... , ...
276,964
6,064,168
67,414
800
7000
...
B&jpdt. Po9-
wfc. (Pan.
wfcr.)
Rigp6t of
Bhosiwar,
808,609
6,606,460
266,460
60
1600
...
varions
castes.
Ban£war,
12,880
166,360
...
80
400
...
Bafeiijar.
' See p. 17 of this Toliune.
• 8o T. G has Kanwery.
3 A Snrajbansi tribe of Bajpnts.
Lodh, a widely spread tribe ohieflj
fishermen. Bhadanriya is a branch of
the Chanhan B4]pnts. Elliot.
4 T. 01. G. Owl.
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183
Bighas
Biswas
BoTenne.
D.
5«
1
i
1
Castes.
&
3
M
i
TbdahBhlxih ...
264,103-11
8,787,076
18,861
100
1000
Thatthar.'
Bhtikir,
48,009
2,891,100
15,825
20
700
Br&hman,
Ahir.
Jaleiar, has a brick fort
904,738
6,836,400
412,080
400
6000
...
Ghelot, SoriLj
Biuikrah.S
Janwlr/ has a brick
fart on the Jumna ...
407,652
11,442,250
60,348
200
7000
...
Ohanhfin.
Ghauath,
974,84
4,182,048
674,815
50
1000
...
E4jp6t,
Brihman,
Jat, Ahir.
Bijpdt, Jat.
Ih^wah,
^884
2,912,495
222,628
80
4000
Dkolpdr, has a brick
fort on the Ghambal,
284,037
9,729,811
255,747
200
4000
Sikarw^l.
Upd, has a brick fort,
477,201-11
18,508,035
178,407
200
4000
Ohaohin,
descen-
dants of
B^wat
B4han.*
Bajhohar»
818,286
1,694,208
48,023
20
300
...
B&jptit.
Seonkar Seonkri,
90,599
985,700
7,822
70
600
Bijpnt
f ate^p^, has a stMie
Ohanhan.
fort| ••• ...
202,723-18
8,494,006
597,846
600
4000
Shaikhs^-
dah,
Ghashti,
Bijpdt
Sankar-
wdl.*
Xha|t($n]nar,
96,760
745,951
• a.
60
300
B6jpat, Jat.
Kahiwan, has a brick
fort ... ...
290,708
6,784,780
284,787
200
2000
...
Sayyid,
Brihman.
Vathnris ^0.
87,847
1,156,807
69,770
■ •«.
...
lUhSli,
66,690
1,501,246
•••
80
600
...
B&jpatacc.
Mangdtlah,
74,974
1,148,075
79,855
20
400
Do.
Hfend&war,
10,190
182,500
...
150
800
Chanh^n.
Wazirp^,
71,328
2,009,255
9,256
20
300
R&jpdt.
Hindanni
432,980
9,049,881
301,980
100
1000
...
Bajput,
Brahman,
Haikint, has a brick
Jat.
fort
606,991-12
5,698,807
43,231
2000
20,000
•••
Ohaohin,
Bhadan-
H'llak.
187,421
2,789,494
30,581
20
600
...
riya.
Bajpdt, of
▼arions
castes.
* Gdjars conyerted to Islam. Elliot.
1. 101.
' Var. Mankrah. or Bankrah.
• Var. Ohandwir. T. "Tshandvar
•ajoordhoi Ferosabad." Distant from
Agra 85 mileB east, on the rente from
Mattra to Etiwali, I. G.
♦ Probably error for Bahman or Brah-
man. See Elliot nnder Chandel or Gan-
tam.
* Probably Sikarwil, a branch of the
Badgdjar Bajputs.
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1S4
Sarkdr of Kdlpi,
Containing, 16 MahdU^ 800,023 Bighas, 9 BiswaSy Bevenne, 49, 356,
?32 Dctms in money. Surgurghdl 278, 290 J Dams. Castes varions, Cavalry
1540. Elephants 80. Infantry 34000.
Bighag
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
1
1
i
Castes.
QQ
O
H
tJ'laf,
95,677-18
1,297,379
72,218
20
600
Rijp6t.
Biliflpiir,
126,888*14
8.714,647
13,110
100
50,000
...
Kaohhwi-
Badhn^th, (Elliot, Bho-
hah.
dhek)
72,930-14
1,260,199
3,414
60
2000
...
P^pdr,
108,085
1,760,750
4,221
50
2000'
...
Saikhsidah.
Deokalf.
109,652
1,466,985
1,700
200
2000
10
Brahman.
B&tli} has a briok fort,
510,970-16
9,270,894
270,894
70
8000
9
Afghan, Tor-
koman.
Bfrepiir,
48,168-8
120,000
.»•
• •
500
10
Rijpot.
S6gaiip6r,*
...
1,607,877
58,664
60
1000
.,
Rajput, Bail.
Sh4hp6r,
...
8,843,420
245,747
300
3000
6
Chaahin,
Maliksi.
KHpiy with Bubarban
dah.
distriot
...
4,871,053
203,909
4000
5000
10
Various.
Kanir,
...
4,948,096
6,065
100
2000
1
Sengar.*
Khandan^,
...
3,027,917
27,121
50
4000 ...
Parhir.
Khand^lal?, (Elliot
,
Khurela)
86,053-11
871,733
15,008
20
1000
...
Rijpiit.
Mal^kammad^bad,
184,080
1,617,257
4,260i
60
1000
...
Rijpnt,
Knmbi.
Hamlrpar,
404,797-6
4,803,828
132,245
200
2000
...
Knmbi.
Sarkdr of Kanauj.
Containing 30 Mahals, 2,776,673 Bighas, 16 Biswas, Revenue 52,5S4,
624 Dams, Suyirghdl, 1184 655 Dams, Castes various, Caralry 3765.
Infantry 78, 350.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
m5
P
1
09
a
1
0)
Castes.
w
o
•-^
»
BhugaoQ, has a fort and
near it a tank called
Somnit full of water
extremely sweet
837,105
4,577,010
53,316
1000
10,000
...
Chauhiin.
Bhojpur, ...
150,974-13
3,446,737
104,705
150
3000
...
Kharwal.*
Bilgrao?, (ElUot Till-
gra^w.)
74,100-10
3,387,076
128,558
20
1000
...
Rijpnt,
jdusalmln.
' Matchlockmen.
■ T. Schsgunpoor. G. Seekenpoor.
* A branch^of the Agnibansi Rijputs.
Elliot I. 174. Spelt elsewhere S^ngarh.
♦ Elliot has Kharwdr as a tribe. 1. 10.
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185
Bighas
Biflwaa
Bevenne .
D.
¥
f
§
i
Oastei.
o
OQ
o
S
s
Wthir,
176,042-11
2,921,889
800
6000
Chand^.
Mhfir,
68,773-14
2,828,849
216,741
20
1000
• *•
Eiljpdt.
Ffttiilt
158,684-14
1,877,600
46,666
100
2000
• ••
Bdjpat
Chaah&9.
Bijpdt.
Fkti^ttpdr,
88,418-11
1,158,682
8060
80
600
Pati Nakhat,
49,261-18
666,997
2497
50
500
...
Sengarh.
Baraah,
84,786-14
450,000
...
10
200
•••
Bijpdt, of
yariooa
Castes.
BW, '
8,789-14
400,000
•••
10
800
...
Chanh&n.
Phapdnd,
111,646
5,432,391
19,818
800
2000
...
Sengarh.
CUiftbrimao,
76,318-7
1,522,028
22,128
20
600
Bijput
Ghaohin.
Ohaahdn,
Oeohi,
11,960-12
483,171
79,045
20
800
...
Bais, Dhi-
kra*
8ak^, •
182,956-9
8.230,762
168,810
100
8000
Chauhin.
Sonj, •
64,070-6
1,200,000
...
200
8000
...
Dhfckrah
Wi4wap,
78,574-9
262,245
21,969
20
500
Gauroah.*
8eoIi,(EUiot. SheoU)...
12,528
623,478
...
10
800
B4jput.
Rajput, Bais.
Saka^^Ti
22,561
623,441
800
4000
...
8afario9,
19,817-10
549,050
2253
10
500
...
Rajp6t.
Sahar,
25,195-8
846,558
1640
80
600
...
Ghaahin.
8e<mraldi,8 (BUiot San-
rakh)
10,089-5
465,828
7188
20
400
...
Ghanhin,
Dhakrah.
ffikandrapfir Udahu, ...
4,964-14
276,918i
22,624
10
200
...
Ganrdah,
Brahman.
8ar6r,*
20,121-16
447,568
2044^
10
800
...
Chauhto,
Sengar.
BAjpdt.
8ikandarp6r Atx^ji ...
Shamsibid, has a fort
86,084-17
269,622
6511
5
160
...
on the (Jangea,
718,577-7
7,138,458
19,608
400
2000
...
B&thor.
KanaTij with sabnrb.
diit. has a brick fort:
one of the great capi-
tals of Hiadnstin, ..
126,266-12
2.470,748
222,086
200
10,000
... , Shaikzadah,
m: cm usau.
Afghan
Ghanhin.
Kanpfl,
189,803-6
1,651,586
30,870
100
200
Eijpnt,
Ghanhin,
Panwir.
KaraoK,
40,445-6
1,409,988
,,,
20
1000
•«.
Bajpdt
Halkfiaah,
80,229-14
1,500,000
...
800
16000
...
Kijpvit Ghe.
1A«-
Nitiamaa,
8,829-6
186,921
...
200
200
1 IVfW.
< BdUunan.
1
* A Bajpat tribe Mattered oyer Agra,
lUter% Etawa and Bohilkhaod. BlUot,
1.78.
' An inferior dan «f B&jpdts often
24
eonfonnded with Ghuirihars but quite
distinct. EUiot, 1. 115.
* T. Sonarka; G. Sewboigeh.
* Bir6r (Elliot). G. Serwer. T. Saror.
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186
Barhirof Kol, (Koa).
Containing 21 MahaUl 8,461,78, Bighaa, Berenne 54,992,940 Ddmt in
money, SuyurgML 2,094,840 2>im«. Castes yarions. Cavalry 4,035. In- j
fantry 78,950. ]
Atrauli,
AklMuriUd,
Abir, Yarn a brick fort
on the GangM,
Fahisd,
Bilrim,
Padiliiii,
Tappal, has a briok fort,
Thinah Firidi,
JaUai,
Chandans,
Ehorjah,
Dambhai has a briok
fort*
Sikandrah Bio, has a
briok fort,
8^r6n, has a briok fort,
8idhfip6r,
8hik£rp6r,
Eol, has a briok fort, ...
Gang^ri,
Mlbrahrih,
Malikpiir,
Nd^y, has a briok fort,
(Elliot, Noh.
Blghas
Biswas.
880,669
118,889
46,764
65,060
111,878
89,128
168,046
68,847
146,801
48,469
89,726
48,689
88,480
40,666
70,667
44,880
648,666
68,646
205,687
80,846
189,299
Bevenne
D.
6,464,469
8,008,409
2,106,664
2,602,662
2,181,766
624,826
1,802,671
112,760
2,967,910
1,749,288
8,708,020
2,169,989
4,412,881
876,016
989,468
1,974,827
10,412,806
872,060
8,679,582
1,446,132
1,811,966
2
d
02
6400,469
28,060
87,140
66,661
2,571
86,862
86,662
583,066
72,869
290,468
16,900
60,291
446
81,849
156,095
2,288
29,160
600
600
100
60
200
100
20
500
100
200
60
400
20
200
250
460
25
200
60
100
9500
6000
400
2000
1000
6000
8000
500
6000
2000
5000
1000
4000
400
2500
2000
29,060
200
2000
400
8000
I
Oastei.
Bijpdt,
Chanhan,
Afgh&a.
Bijpat, Fon-
dir.»
Hnsalmin,
BrihmaiL
Ba^jar.
Afgh&o,
GhaidifiL
Ujpat,
Qanrthar.
Ghaohin.
R£jpdt,
B&ohhaL
Bijpdt, Pan-
Ohauhloi.
Ba^giijar.
Do.
Afghin,
Pundir.
Sayyid, My
pdt.
Bajpdt,
8urki.»
Sayyid,
Shaikh-
s&dah,
Bafedjar.
Ohanhln,
Jangha-
rah.*
Afghin, Bij-
pdt.
Chauhin.
Pundir,
Ghanhln.
Bijpdt. Jat.
Afghin.
* Pundir is one of the nomerons
branohes of the 66]ar olan. Elliot, 1 19.
* The word <fort' has been omitted
and the text bat Gladwin oonfirms the
emendation.
Yar. Sirkhi Snkhi.
^ A tnrbolent tribe of Bijpdts of the
Tnar olan in the 8. E. BohilkhsBd
BlHot, 1, 14L
Digitized by
Google
187
Sarkdr of OwdUor.
ContaiDiiig 16 Mdhali, 1,146,465 Bighaa, 6 Biium. Bevenae 29,683, •
6i9 Bdms in money. Suyirghdl, 240,350 Ddnu. Castes Tarions. Cavaliy
2,490. Infantry 43,000.
Bighas
Biswas.
Beyenne
D.
}•
1
1
1
Castes.
Aohdn, has a f oii, ...
106,899-14
8,277,947
•••
20(1
4000
To^wa^.
BadiMtah, Do. ...
68,914.18
696,800
*..
800
6000
...
Do., Raj.
ChatUwar/ Do.
140,140-16
1,061,841
86,980
100
4000
pdt.
Brihman.
J]ud6^ Do.
82,677-15
219,806
••■
100
20001
Gdjar.
DandrdH,
197,816-11
1.807,207
•••
60
1000
...
Rijpnt T(^'
W'
87,797-17
1,017.721
•••
40
700
war.
Toi^war.
Siw&ii,
94,248
882,128
*•.
200
6000
SikarwiL
fitmaiili,
46,284-8
2,001,844
...
601
700
Bigti.
StriMnfali, has a brick
fort.
22,124-17
267,497
..•
200
6000
Sikarwil.
lUlXir, has a fort.
daring Sn]Un Ali-
6ddin's time it was
«Ued Akhir.«
211,229
6,128,766
**■
60
600
BT4hni^r>t
€wiIior with suburban
district.
846,657
12,488,072
188,740
1000
2000
...
B4jpnt, To^-
Khatdli, has a fort. ...
198,270
8,106,819
6,460
200
4000
*••
war.
Jat.
Sarkdr of Trij.
CWtaining 16 MahaU, 2,202,124 BighoB, 18 Bimas. Revenue 37,780,-
«1 mms in money. Suyurghdl, 456,493 Ddrm. Castes various.
Cavalry 6,160. Elephants 190. Infantry 68,500.
Bighas
Biswas.
Eevenue
D.
1
OQ
1
1
i
Oastes.
PuOUIr, liM a brick
fort.
BMnd&.
625,597
752,791
257,042-18
80,635
8,951
2,922,436
in money.
6,237,096
2,533,449
1,391,097
464,111
101,661
172,880
100,638
100
940
60
8000
100
6000
2O5O0
2000
6000
2000
10
69
6
■••
6
Eiyath.
R4jp(H.
Afghan,
Kiyath.
Ta^war.
Parihir.
*Vm. GhanpAwar. Chantiwar. G.
^S»«ntowsr. T. Tsohetanr.
' Vw. Akhar, Eafair, Sahir.
* Var. and G Phind^r.
♦ Var. Bhijpiir.
Digitized by
Google
188
Blghas
Biswtti.
Reyenne
D.
1'
CQ
!
i
1
■ o
3
Castes.
Jhatra,^ 4 mahals, ham a
briok fort.
Biiibinah, haa a fort, ...
12,072
11,787,904
6Q0.000
...
4000
50
15000
2000
70
R«jp6t.
Kaohhwi-
Sli&hzidahpar,
Kbat61ah&o. 8 mahals,
has a fort.
Eajh<$dab,
Kidir,«
Edfich, has a fort.
Khak^,*kasafort, ...
21,267
•••
155,330
89,283
450.7«1
8,000,000
750,200
120,000
1,851,802
1,343,073
27.712
7,678
100
"so
50
5000
2000
1000
20
Gond.
EambL
EachhwA.
hah.
Kh&erah, has a brick
fort.
222,557
240,000
4,776.857
46,729
20
200
6O0O
6000
10
10
Gond.
Eachhwi-
hah.
Mah6U,
26,681
502,102
...
100 10,000
10
Parih^.
Sarkdr of Baydnwdn^
Containing 27 Mahals, 762,014 Bighas. Revenue, 8,459,296 Bam.
Suyurgkdl, 82,662 Ddms. Castes various. Cavalry 1,105. Infantry 18,000.
•
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
i
5
1
Castes.
d^
08
fl
OQ
o
M
H
Antrf, yields excellent
quality of betel leaf
from which the reve-
nue is chiefly derived.
906,140
...
10
100
...
Various.
Amw4ri,
228,000
...
...
Bntered under
Batangarh.
M&rwir,
GNiaruah.
Atiwan,*
85,958
165,165
64,114
16
200
...
OondfGaiini-
An^elah,*
29,444
82,455
1,257
100
•••
Brihman.
Bayanw&n,
86,241
801,276
20,169
820
8000
...
Pundfr, Ps»-
w^
Pa^wir,
17,829
457,489
6,568
20
800
...
Brihman,
Khidma-
tiyah.
Parinohah,
89,784
896,193
21,641
20
600
...
Bund^la.
* Jhatr&. Jhatar. Chhatar, Chhatar-
p^r.
* E64piir.
* Ehankes. Ehakeab. Ganges. Ehak-
sen.
* Var. and G. Sanwto. T. Beanban.
* Yar. Jaitwan. Atiwin. Anboan. G.
Jjtewan. T. Intva.
* Yar. and T. Adh«la.
Digitized by
Google
189
Bighas
Biswas.
BiBveniia
D.
AQ
1
1
I
Oastes.
0
1
•g
s
00
o
»-•
H
Bado^
276,000
•a.
10
200
B^nd^
BUandi,
,,
169,040
• ••
10
800
...
Pa^war.
Jiodr,* baa a f oxi,
60,^8
64(3,681
8,800
10
200
•*•
Ahfr, Brih-
man.
Jtriiili,
19,$65
144,056
••»
10
800
..•
Pa,w4r.
Jagtin,
•••
12»,680
...
...
160
...
Yariona.
Dhimflali,* here a large
lake» f nU of vater-
liliM,
13,127
17,806
•••
20
860
...
Brihrnan,
Gdjar.
Kiyath,
Boohifah,
94,228
472,889
16,702
10
20C
...
Batuigarb, baa a fort,
70,$28
865,996
•*.
200
4000
•••
Jat.
Boh^rah,
2,809
1,017,682
•••
60
600
...
Gnjar.
Sohandl, haa a briok
fort,
81,656
896,969
•••
800
6000
•••
Vinwir.
Kananlah,
11,764
864,968
■••
10
200
...
Gojar, Jat.
Karharah,
•••
277,000
•••
...
*••
...
Mentioned
under
Baton-
Xahe^d,' has a fort in
garb.
the mountains,
27,290
196,804
•••
...
200
...
Brihman.
Khandhi,
17,408
162,661
8,036
...
200
•••
Ah£r, Jat.
Ehand Bajrah the
greater.
88,782
188,984
*••
26
800
...
Bnndeli,
Jat.
Da the lesser, ...
1,602
68,470
•••
10
200
•••
MlnA,»a6ja»
Kherih^t,^
24,818
112,079
...
..*
800
...
Do.
Ka|h£ral|, has a stone
fort on a hill.
17,269
82,291
•••
6
800
...
Gdjar.
Kadw4hah,
7,169
48,296
*«•
60
800
...
Ahfr.
Man, haa a fori,
59,070
860,429
M89
60
1000
...
Ahir.
Sarkdr of Narwar.
Containing 5 Mahals, 394,853 Bighaa. Bevenne, 4,233,322 Dams.
amiirghdl96,994il)dms. Castes, Bajpdt To^war. GavaJry, 500. Infantry^
200,00.
* Tar. Chitor. T. Tschinor, G. Chitore.
* Tar. Dhaolah. T. Dehala. It was
2 miles to the west of this plaoe^ acoord-
ingtoT. that Abnl Fazl lost hislife in the
Bmbascade set for him hj the Bund^U
Oluef Bir Bing : *' il fat, vilainznent
pria dans tea laqs oomme-nn gibier et
tn^ 4 Tinstigation de Jehangir fila
d'Aobat."
* Yar. and T. Somandi. Yar. uid T.
Ean<51.
4 For the Minas, see Sherring, III. 78;
* Yar. Ghatripal. Q. KhetoryhauL
Digitized by
Google
100
Bighas
Biswas.
BeTenne
D.
AQ
!
1
}
Castes.
Bardi, 1im a fort i some
of the Tillages near
the SakU are of
great prodootiTe
▼alae.
88,085
688,700
•••
•••
•••
•••
•••
Banli, has a fort on the
Sakll^
2i2,456
141,916
,,,
•••
•••
•..
...
Beopdri/ has a stone
fort,
24,976
1,250,000
•»M
••■
...
•••
...
KoUras has 2 forts, one
near the Tillage of
Barwi. There is a
smaU hm with a
waterfall. It is a
place of Hindu wor-
ship,
188,10
764,880
14,882
•••
•••
•••
...
Narwar with snhnrb.
dist. has a stone fort.
In certain parts of
the fort are ancient
Hindn temples of
stone.
26,522
488,026
81,812
•••
...
«.»
••■
Sarhdr of Manfldir,
Gontaii^ing 14. Mahals. 65,642 Bighas. Beyenne 8,738,084 Dam.
Castes, Bijput, Jid6^. Cavalry 4000. Infantry 5000.
Bfghas
Berenne
Bfghas
Rerenat
Biswas.
D.
Biswaa.
D.
Ifntgar, has a stone
fort on a hill and
below it flows the
riTor Ghambal,
7,674
498,978
Dfingrf,
902
54,126
Bijhip6r,
6,413
869,706
RatanbaUhar,
1,215
82,098
BaUoU,
6,806
824,091
9,160
526,830
B^har,
4,882
261,746
Kamfikharah,
1,988*
116,168»
Bagn5nd.«
••.
...
Ehamdn,
820
54,074
Jhakw&r,
769
88,488
Kahtdni,*
1,925
51,944
Handliler, has a fort on
a hill and the
riTer
Chambal on
the
Ding Hakhdri,*
7,812
498,978
north,
...
15,745
697,794
^ I adopt a Tariant, as it agrees with
O. and T. The text has Seorpdri.
> Yar. Bakhr^nd. T. Baortfnd.
• T. Makreri. G. Boghowry.
• Var. 1310.
• Var. 76i,880.
• Yir. and T. ChaloU.
Digitized by
Google
191
Sark&r of AU/oar.
Contunmg 43 MahaU, 16,62,012 Bighas. Bevenne, 39,832,204 Dimi.
S«y^JWI, 699,212 Ditrw. Cavalry 6504. Infantry 42,020.
Biglias
Biswas.
Berenue
D.
1
1
1
Castes.
QQ
O
H*
S
Ahrar, has a stoiie fori
onfthiU,
86,084
2,679.820
S60,066
10
1,600
••.
Ehinsidahof
Mewit, des-
oendants of
Bahidnr
Ehin. (See
I. G. Hew-
it).»
WwHlUlli HftDPO, ••.
24,956
850,781
*..
20
600
...
E:aolihw41iah.
Asian,
89,762
642,153
1,048
20
1,000
...
Ba^Vil.
IniOpfir,
28,988
603,840
2,266
40
600
...
Khinzidahof
Mewit.
1U(, hai a stone fort.
(hff&(i,p. 96.)
23,522
7,201,791
1,796
60
1,000
•..
Bal^Wl.
nr6n>arf ...
119,016
2,621,958
9,317
850
2,000
...
Ehiins&dahof
Jhkftdarp^,
60,451
1,950,000
95,000
500
2,000
...
Mewit.
llkik61, •••
74.281
678,783
.••
60
1,000
...
Do. Do.
Do. Do.
Irihir,
68,664
448,612
...
40
600
...
Ba^ffdjar,
Rajput.
Kbinz&dahof
Btt^dahFate^Kh&Ti,...
16,074
201,059
1,059
80
800
..
Mewit.
hBib,
28,726
195,680
...
6
60
...
Ehinzddah
andMeo.
Bir6dab Meo,
18,062
168,046
619
50
300
Do.
B6dihTbal,
80,606
146,000
6
60
...
BKwin,
14,918
122,088
...
6
60
...
Various.
BMioab,
20,789
100,856
...
6
60
...
Do.
Btjhah,
2,668
104,890
...
10
60
•*.
Ehinsidah
and Meo.
BtoattiA.
6,666
183,507
*..
30
600
...
Bate^jar.
JtHlptr.
46,840
398,599
10,666
...
...
...
Ehansidah
andMeo.
Hanop6r Bad<$hftr, ...
20,853
947,871
8,020
100
300
.*.
Do.
Hannp&r Kori, (G6ri,
»R^)
47,740
1,269,669
...
120
800
Do.
gfflwr, liaa a stone
faft, ,„
26,489
456,779
8,120
500
1,000
...
Chanhin.
DedUSAjari,
83,188
1,600,000
...
150
1,000
...
Ba<jlg6jar.
Wft«,
27,051
695,262
7,812
150 1,000
1
Meo.
* Mentioned in BUiot as in ancient
^isM a well-known lawless plundering
»«% driTen ont of the Etawah tract by
^Senghers andChanhins. According
W ftoRmg (m. 90) thej are an inde-
genons tribe converted to Islim, but re-
taining a good ntianj Hindn cnstoms;
now an agricultural people divided into
12 clans.
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Google
192
Bighaa
BUwas.
Berenne
D.
Mi
1
i
1
Oastei.
&
1
3
Dhari.
12,888
512,618
6,016
100
600
andHeo.
Eit|h,
6,030
229,741
8,744
10
100
...
Meo.
Sakhan,
18.790
804,262
100
700
..«
Chaahln.
Khohari B^na,
8,208
4,869,272
96,919
900
6,000
Ehinz^dah
of Mewit,
A'm4» and
Daor.
Khel<$har, ...
68,276
1,469,048
14,088
125
1,000
...
Meo.
Kol Dho4r,
88,956
627,100
...
80
500
...
Rijp6t.
Kiyirah, ...
307
600,000
...
100
1.000
Mina.
Kh^tahli,
26,746
465,640
28,150
100
600
...
Sayyid, G«.
jar.
Gh&t S6dan * (or Seo^)
has a fort,
16,494
867,110
...
...
...
Kohrini, ...
3,566
166,666
...
800
1,000
Mahat.'
Mandiwar, has a brick
fort,
100,822
1,889,097
6,608
500
1,000
...
Chaob^.
M6jpiir. ...
44,140
639,858
12,022
300
600
...
Abbiai.
Mnbiirakp^ir,
18,636
614,193
...
60
800
.,
Khinz£daL
Hong6n&, ...
88,112
475,260
...
100
700
...
Do.
Mandaurah,
17,800
27,051
...
4
20
...
Chanhin.
Nangiov, (Nowgong) ...
28,771
2,056,612
84,'296
70
600
...
Kbindidak
Nahargarh,
85,452
604,194
...
20
200
...
Do.
Haredri, ...
11,800
227,096
10
100
...
Meo.
Harper, ...
16,944
686,605
8,'265
20
4,000
...
Jat.
Haraini, ...
4,026
208,281
...
40
600
...
Meo.
Sarkdr of Tijdrah,
Containing 18 Mahals, 740,001 Bighdhe. 5^ Biswas, Bevenne,
17,700,460 Dams. Suyurghdl, 701,761^. Cavalry 1,227. Infantiy 9.650.
Bighas
Biswas.
Berenne
D.
1
GD
1
o
1
!
Castes.
Ind6r, has fort on a hill,
ITjinah, ...
184,150
88,926
1,995,216
428,847
26,096*
22,796
400
46
8,000
160
...
Mewat.
Khinsidah,
Thathar.
* The reading of the li
donbtfnl and has the fol
* I adopt the varian
withT.
ut two nan
lowing Tarii
t which af
tesis
ants.
p-ees
• Donb
aeotedwi
*Aflg
bween the
bfol,
bhno
ore f
2Mi
var. Hi
tel.
leems i
dthee
Eht. a|
o be
)parentl7 con-
omitted be*
Digitized by
Google
193
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
!
0
Castes.
QQ
o
»
Umii ITmri,
8,107
807,037
...
10
100
...
Tha^har,
Meo.
Biirii, ...
35,703
216,800
6,364
10
200
...
Ehinzidah,
Meo.
Par.
2,476
540,645
1,659
10
200
...
Tbathar.
Pangwin, has a stone
JOTt, ...
75,148
1,329,350
34,312
20
800
.••
Meo.
Banohri,* has stone fort
67,778
1,416,715
25,471
30
400
...
Do.
Tijirah, has a fort, ...
131,960
3,603,596
204,419
600
2,000
...
Do.
Jhimiiwat, has a stone
fort on a Mil,
22,632-11
496,202^
31,283}
60
300
...
Do.
Khinpdr, ...
9,893
195.620
...
20
150
...
Do.
Siknis. ...
12,106
460,088
50,411
14
160
...
Do.
fianthad&ri.
7,712-11
406,811
267,470
200
...
...
Do.
firdzpiir, situated on the
ikirt of a hill in which
there is an ever-flow-
ing fonntain with an
image of Mahadeo set
up; a Hinda Shrine...
64,160
3,042,642
69,044
60
1,000
...
Do.
iWebpurMdngarti* ...
43,700
1,136,140
12,955
10
200
...
Do.
Xotlah, has a brick fort
on a hill on which
there is a reservoir 4
loe. in circumference
71,266
1,652,196
7,017
30
700
...
Kh&nz&dah,
Gujar.
Earherah, (Gh^s^h,
EUiot) ...
9,785
330,076
...
10
200
...
Meo.
Khora ka Thinah. (So
in MSS., but Elliot
Khaw£) ...
7,945
168,719
...
10
250
...
Do.
Nagini^, ...
7,215-19
377,267
8,672
100
160
...
Do.
Sarkdr of NdrnoL
CJontaining 16 Mahals, 2,080,04.6 Btghas, Revenue, 50,046,703 Dams.
8wfurg7ialy77b,lOSDdm8. Castes various. Cavalry 7,520. Infantry 37,220.
Cavalrj.
Uth
Bisrhas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1"
!
i
CQ
I— 1
100
o
H
146,754
2,060,662
1,000
Ohanhin,
Bajpnt,
Mnsalmin,
Khandar.
(Far. Ke-
dw-).
* Var. Babnohna. Elliot. Bhasohri. G.
Bonbohra.
25
• Var. Mongota.
Mewngowneh.
T. Mnngrina. G.
Digitized by
Google
194
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne
1.
5«
1
6
oS
1
Castes.
o
%
•a
»2
02
Q
M
»
Bihii, has a stone fort
aod a ooppermine ;
hills adjacent.
78,426
920,170
400
3,000
...
Parihir.
Bar6dah Ran£,
47,266
692,995
■ ••
300
2,000
...
Chanhin.
CU\ kalanah,
617,540
7,744,027
56,164
200
5,000
•••
Jat of the
Sangwin
clan.
Jhojeiin, has a stone
fort on the skirt of a
hill,
96,831
2,329,069
...
2000
3,000
...
Eiyam
Khixd}
Singhanah Udaipiir, has
a Coppermine and mint
for copper coinage ...
...
11,881,629
in money.
3,351
400
1,000
...
Tonwar,
Parihar.
Kin<5dah, in the village
of Zcrpur in this Par-
ganah, a large Hindn
temple, ...
10,728
4,356,189
91,577
1000
4,000
Rijpiit, Mii-
salmsn,
^u.>
Kotpotli, has a stone
fort and in the village
of BhandhArah is a
copper mine in work-
ing,
170,674
4,266,837
29,425
700
4,000
...
Tonw£r Eaj-
put, Good.
Kanrfri, has 3 forts in
three villages,
150,297
2,721,126
1000
5,000
...
Tonwar.
Khand6lii,
*..
1,300,000
in money.
...
200
2,000
RAjpiit,
Kachhwi-
hah.
Khodfina, ...
18,493
808,109
20
700
...
Jat.
Lapoti,
88,281
1,512,470
16,000
100
500
...
Chauhan.
Villages^ at the foot of
the mountain where is
a copper mine. In that
of Rdepore is a copper
mine and a mint and
the stream there is
polluted hy it,
Narnol, has a stone fort,
176,650
274,350
.
100
2,000
Narbin.*
214,218
5,913,218
549,161
500
2,000
...
Ahir.
Narhar, do..
356,293
4,262,837
29,405
500
2,000
Ki4m Khini,
Afghan,
MAkar*.
* Called Kaim Khini by Elliot and
Sherring. They are Chauhins convert-
ed to Islam. Their ancestors fought
against B&ber in 1628.
« For. 94n<i. Jkt.
• G. 8 villages.
^ A sub-division of the Rijpdt clao
of Chauh&ns.
• Var. Mfikru, G^»ar, Ttkar.
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195
Sarkdr of Sahdr,
Conisaimng 7 Mahals. 763,474 Bighas. Revenue 5,917,569 D6ms.
SvfurghM 109,447 JDdms. Castes various. Cavalry 265. Infantry 1,000.
Bighas
BUwas.
Revenue
Do.
1
b
1
1
1
Oastes.
QQ
o
•^
H
?Mh£li, ...
106,422
1,228,999
26,046
20
700
Meo,Tliathap.
fihadauH, ...
25,980
441,840
6,840
10
800
...
Jat &o.
Sahir, has a fort,
386,896
2,489,816
21,678
200
7,000
B^hhal,
G6jar,Jat,
Kaohhwi-
hah.
Eimah, ...
90,600
606,724
1,229
10
800
...
Meo, Jat,
Ahir.
K6h Mnj&hid,
23,769
170,866
...
4
200
...
Meo, Jat,
569htokh,
60,816
618,116
17,616
...
...
...
Ahir, Jat,
Meo.
Hodal,
78,600
462,710
88,140
10
200
...
Jat Ac
Tho Subah of Mdlwah.
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from the extreme point
of Oarha (Mdndla) to Bdnswdrah is 245 kos. Its breadth from OhandSri
U> Nadarhdr^ ia 230 ko8. To the east lies B^iniAti ; to the north Narwar;
to the south Bagldnah ; to the west (Hjardt and Ajmer, There are moun-
tains to the south. Its principal rivers are the Na^hadah^ the Siprd, the
KdU Sindy the BHwa^^ and the K6di^ ki qyqtj two or three kos clear
and limpid streams are met on whose banks the willow grows wild, and
the hyacinth and fragrant flowers of many hues, amid the abundant shade
of trees. Lakes and green meads are frequent and stately palaoes and
lair country homes breathe tales of fairyland. The climate is so tem-
perate that in winter there is little need of warm clothing nor in summer
-of the cooling properties of saltpetre. The elevation of this province is
somewhat above that of other areas of the country and every part of it
is cultivable. Both harvests are excellent, and especially wheat, poppy,
sugarcane, mangoes, melons and grapes. In Hd§tlpur the vine bears '
imoe in the year, and betel leaves are of fine quality. Cloth of the best
^ Sometimes in the text Nazarb^,
Bayley in bis History of Ghijarit has
Stndarh^. It is nearly dne E . of Snrat.
' 2^e text has Betamah with a vari-
aot ITjAm which Gladwin adopts. T.
reads Betba ou Baghanti, The text also
has the d of Narbadah reduplicated. I
follow the I. G.
* T. reads Ohambal. G. Lowdy. I do
not trace it in the I. G. Perhaps Loni
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196
texture is here woven. High and low give opium to their children up
to the age of three years. The peasants and even grain dealers are never
without arms. Ujjain is a large city on the banks of the Sipra. It is re-
garded as a place of great sanctity and wonderful to relate, at times the
river flows in waves of milk. The people prepare vessels and make use
of ity and such an occurrence brings good fortune to the reigning monarch.
In the 43rd year of the Divine Era when the writer of this work was
proceeding to the Deccan by command of his Majesty, a week before his
arrival at Ujjain^ on the 16th of the Divine month of Farwardin (March)
four gharis of the night having elapsed, this flow occurred, and and all condi-
tions of people, Musalman and Hindu alike talked of it.*
In the neighbourhood are 3t)0 places of religious worship for BdUi-
mans and other Hindus. Close to this city is a place called Kdliyddah,
an extremely agreeable residence where thei'e is a reservoir continually
ovei-flowing yet ever full. Around it are some graceful summer dwell-
ings, the monuments of a past age.
Garha^ is a separate state, abounding with forests in which are nu-
merous wild elephants. The cultivators pay the revenue in mohurs and
elephants. Its produce is sufficient to supply fully both Gujarit and
the Deccan.
Chanderi was one of the largest of ancient cities and possesses a stone
fort. It contains 14,000 stone houses, 384 markets, 360 spaeious caravan-
serais and 12,000 mosques.
Tumun is a village on the river Beiha (Betwd) in which mermen are
seen. There is also a large temple in which if a drum is beaten, no sound
is heard without.
In the Sarkar of Btjdgarh there are herds of wild elephants. Mandii ia
a large city ; the circumference of its fort is 12 kos, and in it there is an
octagonal tower. For some period it was the seat of government and
stately edifices still recall their ancient lords. Here are the tombs of the
* Another reading adopted by Glad-
win is " partook of it." Gladwin while
rejecting this fable, suggests a sadden
impregnation of the river with chalk and
happily quotes Pope*s Windsor Forest
regarding one of our own rivers, ** And
chalky Wey that rolls a milky wave."
It might he argued that the people of
Ujjain must have distiguished chalky
water from milk, but the incapacity in
this respect of Londoners of the pre-
sent day triumphantly answers the ob-
jection.
' It was the ancient capital of the
Gond Dynasty of Garha Mdndla and its
ruined keep known as the Madan Mahal
still crowns the granite range along the
foot of which the town stretches for
about 2 miles. I. G.
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197
Khiiji Saltans. A remarkable fact is that in summer time water trickles
from the domed roof of the mausoleum of Sultan Hosbang and the simple-
minded bave long regarded it as a prodigy, but the more acute of under-
standing can satisfactorily account for it. Here the tamarind grows as
large as a cocoannt and its kernel is extremely white.
Learned Hindus assert that a stone is met with in this country wbicb
when touched by any malleable metal tarns it into gold, and they call it
Para*. They relate that before the time of Bikramdjit, there reigned a
just prince named Raja Jai Sing Deva who passed his life in deeds of
beneficence. Such a stone was discovered in that age, and became the
source of vast wealth. The sickle of a straw-cutter by its action was
changed into gold. The man, not understanding the cause, thought that
some damage had occurred to it. He took it to a blacksmith by name
Mandan to have it remedied, who divining its properties, took possession
of it, and amassing immense wealth, garnered a store of delights. But
his natural beneficence suggested to him that such a priceless treasure
was more fitted for the reigning prince, and going to court he presented it.
The Rdja made it the occasion of many good deeds, and by means of the
riches he acquired, completed this fort in twelve* years, and at the request
of the blacksmith, the greater number of the stones with which it was
bnilt, were shaped like an anvil. One day be held a festival on the banks
of the Narbadah, and promised to bestow a considerable fortune on his
Bdihman priest. As he had somewhat withdrawn his heart from worldly
goods, he presented him with this stone. The Brahman from igno-
rance and meanness of soul, became indignant and tbrew the precious
treasure into the river to his subsequent and et>ernal regret. Its depth
there prevented his recovering it, and to this day that part of the river
has never been fathomed.
Bhdr is a town which was the capital of Rajd Bhoja and many ancient
princes. The vine here bears twice in the year when the sun first enters
Pisces (February) and Leo (July), but the former of these two vintages is
the sweeter.
In the Sarkdr of Hindiah are numerous wild elephants.
In Nazarbdr^ good grapes and melons are obtainable.
This Subah contains 12 Sarkdrs, subdivided into 301 Parganahs. The
measured land is 42 lahhs^ 66,221 Btghas^ 6 Biswas, The gross revenue is
24 Jkror^, 6 luJchs, 95,052 Lams. (Rs. 6,017,376-4-15). Of this 11 lakhs,^
* In the demarcation of the province ' * Var. 1 2 lakhs,
above, this word is written Nadarbar. |
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198
50,433 Dams (Re. 28,760-13) are Suyurghdl The Provincial force con-
sists of 29,668 cavalry, 470,361 Infantry and 90 Elephants.
Sarkdr of Ujjain.
Containing 10 Mahals, 925,622 Btghas. Revenue 43,827,960 Dam«
in money. Suyirghdl^ 281,816 Dams, Castes yarions. Cavalry 3,250.
Infantry 11,170.
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
1
o
Castes.
a
OQ
08
s
Ujjain with snburban
distriot, has fort of
stone below and of
brick aboTe,
Anhal,
289,560
56,841
1,388,086
2,801,972
55,328
20,935
760
130
2,000
500
...
Alj(yah,>
BiL^hor.
Bijpdt. Alji.
yah,* Dhl.
karah.
Badhniwar has a stone
fort,
PAnbahdr, ...
Dipalpiir, ...
60,096
86,667
96,706
3,056,195
1,937,596
6,000,000
1,095
29,400
600
100
600
3,000
600
1,000
...
Bii^r, &o.
Aljiyah.*
Rdjpdt,Alii'.
yah.
R^-piit Meh-
tar,Soriah.
B^jpi&t.
Dharar or
Dhur.
Bais, Jidda,
(Yadu).
Baalim, ...
Sd^wer, ...
94,466
46,694
4,421,540
2,418,875
21,548
133,156
500
160
1,000
300
...
Kanfl,* has a fort part-
ly stone, partly brick,
Ehiohr6d,
59,802
66,626
2,907,817
2,651,044
2,344
160
60
4O0
1,200
...
Nolii, has a brick fort
on the banks of the
Ghambal,
126,264
8,851,886
18,016
400
1,200
...
* Donbtfol. The other Tariants are
without diacritical points.
* Uncertain. Var, Kamw^, Makwir,
Kamw4th.
* Var, Khan^. Khampal. G. Kehnayl.
T. Bebl.
* Var, Bodnah, Aodariya, Adoriya,
perhaps Deora, a sept of the Ghanhins.
The following word is also marked donbt-
fol in the text.
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199
Sarkdr of Bdisin.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
1.
i
1
1
■g.
Castes.
i
•a
0
OQ
0
170
HH
H
Asapdri &c. 6 Mahals,., .
3,238
178,064»
946
Bnflsah, ...
40,816
6,^94,970
480
1,000
Rajput.
Bh6ri,» ...
5,970
316,017
•••
100
Bhdjpur, ...
4,097
220,592
115
1,000
Bilbhafc, ...
... •••
215,122
265
600
...
Thanab Mir Kh£n, ...
735,815
200
500
B4jp(it.
Jijdi," ...
215,122
15
100
JJiatinawi,
3,464
184,750
10
160
Jalodi, ...
260
18,290
2
6
...
Khiljipur, ...
775
41,060
2
150
...
Dhim<5ni,r..
13,007
788,389
5
400
...
Dekhwarah,
4,932
292,313
75
620
R6jp6t.
DeortSd, ...
1,974
144,000
35
100
...
Dhanijah, ...
21,502
20
170
• ••
Baisi'n, with suburb, dis-
trict has a stone fort
on a hill, one of the
famons fortresses of
Hindastdn,
17,497
934,739
80
426
...
R^ip6t,
Solankhi.
Sew£ni, ...
10,975
580,828
80
945
...
Sarsiah, ...
5,557
279,346
70
600
• ••
Shihpiir, ...
1,673
89,067
5
40
...
Klumlisah,
11,720
645,666
40
100
...
R6jpdt.
KWra, ...
10,534
560,037
80
820
Ke86rah, ...
8,375
478,267
40
100
...
Kbamgarh,
7,102
378,460
50
100
...
Kargarh, ...
6,907
365,707
70
600
• •«
Korii,
145,566
60
100
32,267
80
100
...
Uflisainand,
814
48,024
50
140
...
Sarkdr of Kanauj,
Containing 57 Mahals. Revenue 10,077,080 Ddtns. Castes Gond.
Cavalry 5,495. Infantrj 254,500.
Am<5dgarh„ has a brick
fort on a hill,
Bin, and Tankar,* 2
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue.
D.
239,000
485,000
OQ
03
•a
200
Castes.
Gond.
Do.
' In one MS. these figures come un-
der Revenae. I follow the text.
* Var. Bal6ri.
• For. Jajoli.
* Var. and G. Dhamoti, the latter
Dhamowty.
» Var. Tabker. Batkar. G. Benker, T.
Bangar.
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200
Bighas.
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
x3
1
1^
J
5
a
-a
.2
Castes.
w
u
l-H
H
BhutgAoxi, ...
400,025
50
1,000
Gond.
Blirb, Sini and Jhimi^
bar/ 3 mahalB,
895,000
200
4,000
Do.
BiAwar> and NejH» 2
mahals, ...
800,000
...
Do.
Bakhrah, ...
238,000
100
10,000
Do.
Ban&kar, Amr^, 2 ma-
hale, has a stone fort,
140,000
150
10,000
Do.
Babai,^ ...
82,000
100
10,000
Do.
Biragafh, has a strong
fort, ...
45,000
16
200
Do.*
Gb&ndpdr, Ohand^rf, 2
TnahivlB ••«
89,000
5
••*
Do.
J^tgarh, Bhald^wi* and
suburb, district, 3
mabals ...
12,000
400
80,000
Do.
Jeth4,« ...
12,000
100
1,000
Gond Brah-
man.
Dam6dah,...
••••••
1,866,000
10
530
••*
Gond.
Dh&m^rl and Dham^rd,
49,000
10
200
Do.
Deogao?, ...
26,000
......
20
1,000
Do.
Deohir, Hdrbhat,' 2
mahals, ...
18,000
20
1,000
Do.
Darkarah,...
18,000
10
200
Do.
618,000
10
...
Do.
Kdngarh, ...
400,000
200
10,000
Do.
Bdngarh and S^ngpdr,
1,066,0(K)
10
200
Do.
Kasdliyfe, ...
SitalpOr, .,.
••*•••
12,000
200
5,000
Do.
75,000
Gond mtn-
tioned un-
der Gafhs.
8h&hpnr, Ghanrikah, 2
mahals, has a strong
fort,
850,000
100
1,000
...
Gond.
Garha with suburb, dis-
trict has a strong fort
1,857,000
500
8,000
...
Do.
Khat<5lah, ...
121,000
500
50,000
...
Do.
Ked4rp6r &o. 12 mabals,
1,626,000
... ..
600
10,000
...
Do.
L^ji, Ear61ah, Dunga-
. ....••
1,000,000
••. .••
200
20,000
...
Do.
Man^ld, ...
362,000
100
1,000
...
Do.
Harariya, Deogayh, 2
mabals has a wooden
fort on a hill.
909,000
1500
60,000
...
Do.
> T. Djahiahar.
• Var. B^ard. Penir. T. Bearou. G.
Penar.
* Var. Benjile. T. Bedjeli. G. Nejehlj.
^ G. Beey. T. Pei.
» Var. G. Bbald^wi.
• Var. and G. Ch61a. T. Tschetia.
* Var, and G. Hurbihiaht.
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201
Sarkdr of OhandSri.
Contaiimig 61 Muhals. 554,277 Sighae, 17 Biswas. Bevenne
31,037,783 Ddms. Suyurghdl 26,931 Vdms. Gastee Tarioos. Cavalry
5,970. Infantry 66,085. Elephants 90.
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
i
GQ
1
1
5
Castes.
Udaipdr. has a stone
fort>
86,996
832,066
2000
10,400
•t»
Bigri, Bat;.
Kh4tL
Ak5ii,* „,
..
216,000
10
40
...
Kno, ••• •••
1*769
1,769
10
100
...
D6ngi,(name
given to
Bond^las
in Sangor
territory.)
mwah, ...
2,816
80,000
...•••
15
60
■•*
Ahir &o.
Bboriaah, has a stone
fbit on the Betwa, ...
6,738
766,000
40
160
...
Br&hman.
BudaijhaU,
2,750
720,000
26
600
...
Brihman,
Jat, Bign.
BInh Ac 6 mahals.
Each of the 5 Par-
ganaha has a fort of
which 4 are stone and
that of Mil (PJ* brick,
12,074
636,600
600
6,000
...
Bnnd^hih,
Kiyath.
Bidarwis and A^ak,* 2
mahals, ...
4,961
804,800
.. ...
10
170
...
Ahir.
B^h£r,«hasabriokfort
and a large tank and
svaU hiU are adja-
esnt, ...
2,600
174,000
• •••
20
800
...
Brdhman.
m
1,253
70,000
... ...
10
170
...
Ahir.
TflBar6dah,
18,619
1,090,000
60
3,000
•••
^naA.lfn^n,
Tmn^D, on the Betwa:
the residents there
say that mermen in-
hia>it the river. There
is also a temple.
6,704
812,604
16
120
...
Brlhrnaa.
Thataharijir,
408-17
22,600
6
10
...
Thanwirah. LaUatp6r
ko, 8 mahals, has a
stone fort,
10,977
619,997
80
2,000
..«
RAjpdt,
8ihti*
' Vor, and G. Asdar.
* Uncertain. The text marks the
doabt and suggests no emendation.
Gladwin evades or was not oonfroi\ted
with the difficulty, he translates sin\ply
'^andoneof brick.'*
26
* Var. and G. Akeh.
♦ Var. G. and T. Baohh^.
• Uncertain. Var. 84thi, S4hni, Simni,
Siihi, Bip4hi.
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202
Bighu
Biswas.
Chand^ri with Bnbnrban
distriot, 2 mabals, has
a stone fort,
Jhi}h6n, Deohari the
Binaller, 2 mahals, ...
Jorsing^ &o., 6 mahals,
Jharg69, has a fort, ...
Joisah,
Deohari, the greater, on
the river Siodh,
Dub Jakar, has a stone
fort,
Danr&hah &o. 4 mahals,'
Ban6d, has a stone fort
and near it a large
reservoir whioh is a
Hindu shrine,
Bodahi &o. 6 mahals,
has a stcne fort above
the bandar where
there is also a large
temple, ...
B&gah, has a stone fort,
Baron j, white mnslin of
the kind called Ma^-
mudi is here mann-
factored,*
gahjan &o. 8 mahals, ...
6idh(irah, near this
town is a small hill,
Ganah/ has a brick fort
Garanjiyab,* has a stone
fort on the Betwa, ...
K<5r(5ri, on the Betwa,
Kangrah, has a stone
fort on the Sind,
Kadroalah,' has a stone
fort.
Bevenne
D.
28,021
6,468
9,568
6,096
2,560
16,466
8,875
2,600
6,833
8,652
1,487
186,427
70,221
6,840
18,615
8,887
4,196
4,670
2,970
1,186,888
887,480
448,000
200,000
144,000
857,998
680,500
147,282
864,000
206,000
84,000
11,066,766
8,976,700
884,290
1,092,062
468,000
252,000
239,990
168,000
1.
00
26,981
95
65
500
310
15
20
60
100
150
50
16
80
25
85
20
1,850
900
100
150
40
200
5,000
5,000
60
700
150
2,500
20,000
1,000
250
200
150
100
400
Castes.
Abir.
Chaah&n Ao.
Mikhiti.'
Eh&tl.
Bajpiit,
Khiti.
Da
KachhL
Yarions.
Bakkh&l.
lUjpfifc,
Gond.
Baw&tbansL*
Kijpufc, Vb-
kar^r.(?)»
Dandar*
Makh&tu
Eachhi ^bc
D&Dgi.
BrihrnifcTi.
Mosahnin.
D&ngi.
* Var. N^khitL
» Var. G. and T. Dndhinah.
* Uncertain. Var, Bad^t, and B&wat.
The termination ' bansi ' of the text is
ponjeotnral from the reading of a word
without vowel points.
* Some words follow here whioh the
text regards as oormpt and unintelli-
gible. For OifiL, an obvious amendation
is la^.
• Var. UskanSr.
• Var, Dandi, Dander.
^ Var, G.'andT. Kenih.
• Var. G. Eerejirah.
• Var. and G. and T. Eadrola.
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203
Bighas
Biswas
Bevenne.
D.
&
1
1
5
i
Castes.
Z61&k6t, has a stone
fort on a hill,
2,771
156,469
150
1,600
•••
Koohah. (F)
(For. G6-
jar).
Ahfr.
Ba^Md.
Kljath.
Kh£ti.
KiSjin, on the Betwa,...
Laroflah,* on the Betwa
MnngAJti, has a brick
f(^
UMnah, 3 kos from it
isahighhiU,
1,224
8,140
29,756
12,196
69,152
168,000
1,440,000
668,600
10
10
70
60
20
20
700
8,000
•••
•••
•••
Mahadpfip,
661
144,000
•••
140
•••
Sarkdr of Sdrangpur,
Containing 24 Mahals.
Bwfurghdly 324,461 Dams.
21,710.
706,202 Btghas.
Castes varioas.
Bevenue 32,994,880 DctfM
Cavalry 3,125. Infantry
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
2
f
i
1
Oastes.
CQ
o
M
w
48,602
800,790
790
230
1,600
...
Ohanh^n,
D6dhi,«
(Dodhia).
Akfaarp^,
80,094
170.610
••••••
45
160
...
Various.
A'grah,
7,852
472,362
100
2,000
...
Chaahin.
BtjOptir prodnces the
finest qnality of betel
11,690
647,644
140
560
...
Eaohhi.
Papliin,* ...
11,180
610,544
160
700
Eatb6r.
Bb<5r^sah, ...
4,147
259,777
30
100
• a.
Varioas.
Baj6p,
1,100
65,820
•••• t
10
200
...
Do.
Um&n, ...
721
40,841
••••••
26
100
• ..
Do.
''eawajp, ..i •.•
2,605
156,740
60
700
...
Kfijath.
Talain, ...
48,056
1,800,700
27,826
150
600
...
Chanh^.
^jT'::: :::
113
6,027
100
200
...
Various.
6,047
877,352
40
800
• ••
Kachhi.
S4nngpdr, with snbnrb.
district 2 mahals, has
a brick fort.
21,800
1,294,321
47,659
120
2,000
...
Chaubin.
Sahir BiU HIji,
20,263
1,093,049
150
1,000
...
Dhand6r.*
> Var, G. and T. Karwilah.
* Var. Didi. This is a Dodhia tribe in
Manrir. Sherriog, III, 48.
* Var. and G. Biliin or Bailnn. T. Pil<5n.
* Elliot giyes J)ha/ndSl to the name of
a tribe of Hara Bijputs, I, 79.
Digitized by
Google
2M
BSghaa
Biswas.
Betenne
D.
i
1
1
Castes.
0
02
s
1
S
Sondani, ...
9,448
484,889
••• •••
106
2,000
Ghaxiliia.
86sii&, ...
121
64,876
26
800
...
Various.
ShnjAapfip.
138,488
8,017,124
288,212
600
8,000
•••
Ghanh&n.
Karhali, ...
17,179
7,447,906
80,606
60O
2,000
...
Do.
Klyath, ...
88,938
1,198,896
10,868
110
700
...
Do.
K&nHar, ...
26,046
1,097,047
16,818
„,
•••
...
KarhaH, ...
288
17,262
26
200
...
Varions.
MnJI^aiiimadpiir,
47,704
1,981,182
170
1,000
...
Aljiyah,
Dharar,
Dndmiff)
Kaug&ni, ...
69,472
2,766,488
4,882
200
1,600
...
SarUr of Stjagafh.
ContBomugid Mahals, 2S3,27S Bighas. IS Biswas. Beyenne 12,249,121
Ddms, Suyurghdl 8,574 Ddms. Castes varions. Gavalrj 1,773. In&ntiy
19,480.
Bighas
Biswas.
Beyenne
D.
1.
1
i
1
Castes.
?
«B
^
r-^
02
o
M
H
Anjari, situated near
the Narbadah,
18,718
1,707,098
...
...
...
BhO, indnd-
edin Seo-
rdnah.
Awin,^ San&war, here a
temple to Mahadeo,
6,821
290,848
800
1,000
...
£U5har, Uy
piit.
Ablihattah,*herealake
called by the Hindds
Saman,'...
4,919
226,677
......
...
...
•..
Bajput, 86-
bar, includ-
ed in Balk-
w4rah.
Binhbang&of,
16,679
781,014
......
6
100
.••
SarsiTah,^
3rahmsn.
BaUnHbvh, famous for
fine sweet musk me-
lons,
9,268
407,014
600
1,000
...
S<$har, Sij-
p6t.
Brihman.
BanSdarah,
6,462
869,898
6
60
...
* Var, and G. Anann.
' In the maps
Utah.
Amlattah or Am-
• Var, Bimsn.
* Var. Barsiyah.
Digitized by
Google
805
Q
i
Blghas
Biswas.
Eeyeniie
D.
1
1
§
CaatM.
Bikbangiov, bas a stone
fort ; here good horses
12,680
^8,816
60
216
•-
har.
Ba^UttJ, near the Nar-
Iwdah; adjaoent are
am^ hills,
6,684
228,616
*••■•.
indaded
in Balk-
wirah.
•••
Wjptt.
Bfaiiyah,*...
9,870^8
86,600
*••••
••• ;
60
...
Asabore
mentioned.
Badriya,* ...
6,880
84,298
•••
60
...
Rijp6t, Bo',
har.
Baog^lah, forest adja-
oent where elephants
aze hunted,
2,186
162,989
6
800
••*
BhQ.
Bfr6r,
7,477
891,838
••*•.•
6
600
...
Do.
iftn,ontheK<$di;here
a krge temple to
>
1
Mah£deo, and a small
hill, ...
14,771
646,246
••«•••
inch
Seoi
idedin
*inah.
• a.
BiHpdt, Bhfl,
JsUUbad, with snborb.
district bas a stone
fort.
9,286
414,268
84
1,470
«••
Bhfl,Btiial.
Chamin, has a stone
ibrt, ...
17,91«
648,994
100
660
...
Bsjpnt, Bo*
Bijpat, 86.
BeoUKhatOL,*
6,430
392,060
••••••
...
•M
••
har, inclnd.
ed in Balk-
wirah.
DeoliNarhatr,
8,286
98,669
•••■••
6
600
...
BhlL
SeoHbah, near the Nar-
badah, and a lazge
temple there,
18,074
627.207
••••.•
800
2,026
•••
Bhfl,&o.
ttihawi, good fannting
gronnd for elephants,
^wirah, has a brick
9,974
d63,819
..• ■•.
24
650
...
KiJli
Jort.
9,628
826,544
••••••
860
9,000
...
Bhfl.
oangon ... ...
4,607
i70,210
6
260
..«
Nahal, Kar-
hah.
Ea«ri64, on the Narba-
aodasmaOlhin, ...
20,490
1,160,669
... ..
under Balk-
B<5hat.
wiiah.
> T. Balsia. 6. Bansjeh.
* In the maps Bardiyah.
* Var. and O. Ghita: in the maps
Ketami.
Digitized by
Google
206
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1-
1
^
5
S
t
Ctftei.
Kharg6ii, has a fort,
stone below, brick
above, ••• #•.
14,526
768,194
••••••
50
600
...
n4rth.*
E&nhpdr, ...
5,858
126,846
under Balk-
w&rah.
Do. do.
Kh6rg£o^
2,738
85,082
•••*••
6
20
• ••
=*e^
Labrptir, commonly
Mnl^mmadpdr,
6,792
205,743
6
400
...
^&,
Lowiikoh,*
2,476
50,000
5
800
...
Bhfl.
Mandiwarah, here a
large temple,
16,948
777,881
4,187
nnder Seorfmah.
Do.
Mah6i, near the Nar-
badah, ...
8,318
896,206
5
50
...
Bhfl,&o.
Morinah, has a stone
fort,
9,211
866.902
»••••
6
70
• •.
Biipdt, 86.
bar.
Niwari, has a stone fort.
9,779
408,164
.*•
...
...
BhiL
Kangalwirf,
9,067
870,208
5
500
...
B4haL
Sark&r of Mando.
Containing 16 Mahals, 229,969 Bighas, 15 Biswas, Beyenne
13,788,994 Bdms, Suyurghdl 127,732 Ddms. Castes yarions. OaTaliy
1,180. Infantry 2,526.
qg
i
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
-3
Q
■i
Castes.
&
c8
A
s
Amjharah,
••*...
896,400
8,806
60
...
Bar(5dah, ...
27,870-19
1,307,760
3,936
80
iso
...
Betmdn,* ...
7,780-12
656,556
8,750
60
100
• •.
Ch<5H Mah^sar,
18,183
968,370
10,500
70
200
•••
Hifilpur, the vine here
bears twice a year.
and fine doth of the
kinds iimdn* and KTuf-
8ah are mannf actnred.
4,805-13
210,000
40
85
...
Dhir, anciently a large
city, ... ...
88,660
2,079,806
86,864
120
150
...
» Var, Katiri.
' Var. and G. Lowirikoh.
* Var, Patman and Bimin. G. Pnhn-
m6n. T. Biman.
« Marked as donbtfal in the text
Probably At4n. SeeTol.1.94.
Digitized by
Google
207
Bighas
Biswas.
Rerenne
D.
\'
1
1
5
1
Castes.
do
O
w
H
Dikkt^, ...
17,648
968,986
70
200
•••
Dbsrmgio?,
8,018-11
916,442
...
...
■••
8iiig6r, ...
12,807-14
683,084
60
160
...
Suiisi, ..
70,670
8,097,190
29,696
300
600
••*
K6trah, ...
2,393,871
886
166
800
••.
Mindo, with saborb. dis-
trict, 2 mahals,
640-17
48,398
•••*.•
10
60
...
Maniwanh,
2,048-10
102,164
•«• ..
20
60
••*
Kaflcbah, ...
9,949-7
646,962
84,106
70
200
...
N»w41£, ...
224,608
45
100
«•*
SarJedr of Hindiah,
ContsiDing 2S Mahals, Land under special orops 20 Jfa^oZv. 89,573-18
Bighas. 18 Biswas, Amount of revenue in cash from crops charged at
q)ecial rates and from land paying the general higah rate. 11,610»969
Ddms. Suyurghdl 157,054 Ddms. Castes yarious. GaTalry 1,296. In-
hutrj 5,921.
!Tncli6d, ...
AwalgiuJv,
Amdndah, ... ...
Bijnola, ...
Bi^Ebah, ...
Balahri,* ...
Cbakbodi,
Cbampan^,
I>ewii, ...
Wi(5r»,
fiatwiis, ...
Bamarnf, ...
Srffongarh,
8e6m» ...
Khand6h& TslAmpfir, ...
Modi, ...
Mard4np6r,
Himiwar,
Naogiov,
Himaa,
Hindab,
Hindiab with snbnrb.
diitriot, bas a stone
f Oft on tbe Narbadab
<n a level pbun.
Bigbas
Biswas.
69.496
414
892
606
873
2.319
317
188.249
383
971
776
160
22i632
367
18,207
1,187
1,160
2,964
6,164-16
Bevenne
D.
2,037,877
422,947
21,834
44,418
26,261
826
168,876
20,350
6,718,000
25,641
89,080
62,116
20,494
2,260
1,298,581
19,443
460
946,467
79,264
76,162
146,044
860,061
1=
10,826
13,824
42,837
7,604
6,400
76,160
200
160
7
26
10
20
20
876
7
46
6
HI
60
120
7
60
25
80
14
80
40
I
600
200
20
100
100
16
80
100
2,000
20
160
40
660
600
600
20
600
100
120
66
100
160
M
Castes.
Tor. and 0. BaUUsi
• For. G. andT. Se6U.
jitL
Digitized by
Google
208
Sarkdr of Na^airhdr}
Gontaimiig 7 Jtfa^Ilff. 2,059,604 Bi^Acw. Beyenae 50,162,250 Bern
SuyurgJuU 198,478 Ddm$. Castes various. Cavalry 500. Infantiy 6000.
Bb£mb&:,*
Sal^npdr
Ka^arb&r, witk lab. dist.
N6r,
Namdrhi,
BIghas
Biswas.
212,880
995,998
868
208,007
16,253
1,645
Bevenne
D.
69,244,855
28,119.749
58,810
14,252,191
7?2,7€0
89,585
1
OQ
159,744
88,784
Castes.
Sarkdr of Mardsdrfi
Containing 17 Mahals. Bevenne 6,861,396 Dams. 8uy4rgUl, 23,887
Ddms. Castes varions. Cavahy 1,194 Infantry 4,280.
Bighaa
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1-
f
1
1
Gastei.
&
5
A
s
Ayknfid,
••••••
716,858
80
250
Ses6dii.
Aujanwis,
170,958
60
200
•••
Ahir,Gond.
Bas&hirah,
515,400
80
250
•..
Ses<$dii.
Bodah,
••«•••
255,062
65
800
.».
Bijpnt.
B^dii
(Dodhia.)
Baht<5r,
109,220
74
250
Ahir.
Banlta^*
106,708
50
200
.••
Ahlr,Goiid.
Bariodah,
90,970
727
80
100
•••
Ghanbln.
Bhathp6r,*
68,104
16
250
D^dia.
Ttt,
•••*.•
1,600,000
160
250
...
Do. dow
Telr6d,» ...
*••...
600,000
80
220
...
Do. do.
JamUwarah,
619,759
80
200
••*
Sesddii.
Seokherah,
46,090
50
800
...
Ghiyi^pur,
•*..••
138,890
60
800
•.«
Gond, Ahir.
^y4mp6r,
175,850
110
800
•••
Deori.
K(5ri,
303
50
500
*••
Mar<586r, with suburb.
district, 2 mahals, ...
•». ••.
1,651,920
28,660
100
400
•••
B^jpdt,
* Elsewhere. Kadarbir.
* Var, and T. Bhiln^. Ner is in
Khandesh Dist. lat. 20* 56' N., long. 74P
84' B. 14 miles W. of Dhnlia.
* T. Mandessor. Var, Mards6r: in
the maps Mandsor.
G. aqd T. Barlahath, Barleth,
Bhenpiir.
♦ Far.
Barleet.
• Var. and T. Bhanahp6r.
* T. Talbarod. G. Teerood.
Digitized by
Google
209
Sarhdr of OdgrSn,
Containing 12 MahaU. 63,529 Bighas. Bevenne 4,585,794 Ddms,
3
i
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
1
9
1
Castes.
OQ
o
M
w
ITrmil, ...
••• ..
602,774
in money.
...
...
...
Akbaip4r,...
•••••a
62,500
••«
...
...
Pknj Pahir.
21,899
1,573,560
• •* .•
...
...
...
Jyat, ..,
222,640
.••
...
...
Khtir&Ud,
17,186
646,000
...
...
...
Bwpfir, ...
9,716
28,730
...
.,
• «.
Sdnhal, ...
9,638
281,909
.
...
...
...
Sender, ...
695
81,929
...
...
GWti.
600,046
...
...
...
CMgnSn, with raborb.
district, has a stone
fcrt, ...
...•••
19,781
in money.
...
...
...
Nfmth<$r, ...
4,945
608,834
...
• •.
...
Sarkdr of Kotri Pardyah,^
Containing 10 Mahals^ 190,039 Bighas. Revenne 8,031,920 Dams.
Oaetes various. Cavalry 2,245. Infantry 6,500.
2
i
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
i*
Castes.
00
o
M
H
A'86p,
42,220
1,733,927
250
700
A^igarh, ...
4,553
855,612
350
200
•••
lUjput, Be-
w4r.*
Ah<5r,
9,204
532,056
80
800
...
B6w^r.»
BanSdah,
20,224
923,667
160
400
...
Edjput, Son-
dhk.
Dakdadhilii,*
13,381
4.58,144
125
400
...
Do. do.
Sohat,
13,381
693,5S5
240
500
...
Do. Bewar.*
Kdtripariyah, 2 mahals.
46,046
1,856,566
770
1,300
...
Kayath,with
Bnburb.
district.
Gangrir,
202,616
1,066,683
200
700
...
Eiljpnt,
Sondh£
Sondhi.
GboC ...
2,597
116,380
60
200
...
* G. Kowtry beraneh. T. Konnry Par-
anah. In the maps, according to a note
to the text, Kotli Pardwah.
27
• Var. Dewdr and Deora.
* Var. and G. harlia.
Digitized by
Google
210
.c
840.
>»
760.
w
670.
M
680.
If
680.
Princes of MdlwahJ
I.
Five B&jahs of this dynasty reigned in snccession,
387 years, 7 months, 3 days.
Ts. Ms. D».
Dhanji, (Dhananjaya, a name of Arjon,
about 785 before Vikramaditya), ... 100 0 0
Jit Chandra, ... ... ... 86 7 3
S&liydhana, ... ... ... 10 0
Nirvihana, ... ... ... 100 0 0
Putrdj, (Patra Bijas or Yansavalis with-
out issue), ... ••• ... 100 2 0
11.
Eighteen princes of the Ponw&r caste reigned
1,062 years, 11 months, 17 days.
B. G. 400. Aditya Panw&r, (elected by nobles. [Co-
temp. Sapor, A, D. 191. Wilford.*]),... 86 7 3
Brahmahr&j, (reigned in Yidharbanagar), 30 7 3
Atibrahma,^ (at IJjain, defeated in the
north), ... ... ... 90 0 0
Sadhroshana, (Sadasva Sena. Yisudeva
of Wilford, Basdeo of Ferishta, A. D.
390, father-in-law of Bahrim Qor. re-
vived Eanauj dynasty), ... ... 80 0 0
Hemarth, (Heymert, Harsha M6gha, kill-
ed in battle), ... ... ... 100 0 0
Oandharb,^ (Gardabharupa^ Bahrimg<$r of
Wilford), ... ... ... 35 0 0
390.
360.
271.
191.
91.
* This line is flnppoeed to have been
fnrnished from Jain authorities ; it
agrees nearly with appendix to Agni
Pormna, (Wilford). I have appended to
the list the date of each prince, taken
from the TJ. T. from which the above
is quoted, for reference and comparison.
S See Wilford's Essay on Yiorama-
ditya and Salivahana, As. Res. IX. 117.
' This and the following name are
relegated to footnotes in the text, the
variants chosen, however, do not accord
with other authorities.
* Under power of a ourse, in oonse-
quence of a crime, he was changed into
an ass resuming his human form only at
night. Hemrat, notwithstanding, gave
him his daughter in marriage and she
gave birth to Vikramaditya. Tieff. Wil-
ford plausibly identifies this Vikrama-
ditya with the Persian Yezdejird son
of Bahram Gor, and adapts in ecmse-
quence a suitable ohronology.
Digitized by
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211
Tb. Mb. Ds.
86
0
0
100
0
0
7
0
0
1
0
1
60
0
0
B. G. 56. Bikramajit, (Vikramaditya. Tn&r oaste,
3rd of Wilfopd), ... ... 100 2 3
A. D. 44. Ghandras^n of the same raoe (possessed
himself of all Hindast&n),... ... 86 3 2
„ 135. Eharaksen, (Smya Sena, w. 676), ... 85 0 0
„ 215. GhatarWt, ... ... ... 10 0
„ 216. Kanaks^,^ (conquered Sanrashtra [Snrit
and Gnjerat] founder of the Mew&r fami-
ly, ancestry traced by Jain Ghronicles
consulted by Tod, to Sumitra, 56th from
R&ma), ... ...
„ 302. Ghandrapdl of the same race,
„ 402. Mahendrapal,
„ 409. Karamchand of the same race,
„ 410. Bijainand, (Yijyananda), ...
„ 470. Mnnja, (killed in the Deccan, reigned A. D.
993, according to Tod).
„ 483. Bhdja, (by Tod 667 A. D. The other two
R&jas Bhdja, Tod fixes in 665 [from
Jain MSS.] and 1035, the father Ud^
yati. K&lidds flourished),... ... 100 0 0
„ 583. Jayachand, (put aside in favour of the
following), ... ... ... 10 0 2
m.
Eleven princes of the To^war, (Tuar) caste reigned 142 years, 3 days.
Ys. Ms. Ds.
A.D.593. Jitpdl, ... ... ... 5 0 0
„ 598. Rdn^Rdju, ... ... ... 5 0 0
„ 603. BandBdju, ... ... ... 10 3
„ 604. Rin4 Jaju, (Jalu, var. and U. T.), ... 20 0 0
' The text differhig from all other
antiioritiee, has Gang.
Wilford asserts on the anthoritj of
the appendix to the Agni-pM/raxka that
QKxira-cita in Bnndelkhand is the name
of the metropolis of these princes meta-
morphosed into a king. The three names
*SUa Kanaksen, he says, should be
properly, Rama Chandrft who did not
reign, Chaitrapala who was elected after
the death of Jayananda, and Maha
Ohandrapala or Mahendrapala (p. 140)
and shoald follow and not precede R^j4
Bhoja, (p. 166), in accordance with the
Agni and Bhayishya-pnrana lists. His
reason for the transposition most be
taken on trust.
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30
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
5
0
0
60
0
0
1
0
0
212
A. D. 620. Rdna Chandra,...
„ 654. Bdna Bahadur,...
„ 659. Bte Bakhmal, (Bakhtmal),
„ 664. BAe Sakanpil, ...
„ 669. RieKiratpil, •..
„ 674. R^ Anangpi], (rebnilt and' peopled
Delhi 791, Tod.),
„ 734. Kn^warpdl,
IV.
Eleven princes of the Ghauh^n caste reigned 140 years.
Ys. Ms. Ds.
A. D. 735. Rdjd Jagdeva, ...
„ 745. Jaganndth, his nephew,
„ 755. Hardeva,
„ 770. Basdeva,
„ 786. Srideya, ^
„ 801. Dharmdeva,
„ 815. Bhaldeva,
„ 825. N^nakdeva,
„ 834. Eiratdeva,
„ 845. Pithuri,
„ 866. Mdldeva, (conquered by Shaikh Sb4h &ther
of Ala u'd din), ... ... 9
V.
Ten princes redgned 77^ years.
10
0
0
10
0
0
15
0
0
16
0
0
15
0
0
14
0
0
10
0
0
9
0
0
11
0
0
21
0
0
0 0
A.D,
1037.
Shtdkh SMh, (from Ghazni),
70
0
0
ft
1037.
Dharmr&ja Slid, (Vizierduring minority of, 20
0
0
V
1057.
A1& n'd din, sou of Shaikh Sh&h, -who pat
the Vizier to death.
20
0
0
>»
}>
Kam&l a'd din, (murdered by,
12
0
0
M
1069.
Jitpal Chanhin, ( Jaya Sing of Delhi and
Lahore P 977, a descendant of Manikya
Rai?),
20
0
0
»
1089.
Harchand,
20
0
0
l>
1109.
Eir&tchand, ... ... ...
2
0
0
if
1111.
Ugars6n,
18
0
0
>»
1124.
Snrajrand,
12
0
0
1 So all the MSS. tranBcribing blindly. The earn of Abal Faal's fignreB gives 199
years.
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213
Ts.
Ms
. Ds.
A. D. 1186.
Tipparaen, (or Birsen, dispossessed by the
following), ...
10
0
0
VI.
Eight princes reigned 206^ years.
A. I)
K 1146.
Jalal u'd din, (an Afghan), ..
22
0
0
>>
1168.
4'alam Shah, (killed in battle by,
24
0
0
>?
1192.
Kharaks^n, son of Harsen (Birsen, emi-
grated to Kdmrdp, married the king's
daughter, succeeded to the kingdom
and regained Malwah), ...
8
0
0
^Udayddityadeva, ^
r§
Naravarmadeva, |
uninscripti
99
1200.
Narbihan. -i Yasovarmadeya, S3 ^
20
0
0
Jayavarmadeva, p
Lakhan, <j
i§
99
1220.
Birsal, ... ... ...
16
0
0
99
1286.
Ptiranmal,
89
0
0
»
1268.
Haranand,
62
0
0
99
1380.
Sakat Sing, (killed at the invasion of
the following).
60
0
0
VII.
Eleven
princes reigned 142 years, 2 months and 4
days
A. D. 1390.
Bahddur Shdh, (king of Deccan, killed
at Delhi), ...
some montlis.
91
1390.
Diliwar Khdn Ghori, (viceroy of M41wah
Ts.
Ms
Ds.
assumed sovereignty), ... ....
20
0
0
99
1405.
Hoshang Sh^, ...
80
0
0
99
1432.
Muhammad Shdh,(GhizniKhdn, poisoned).
1
some ms.
>9
1486.
Sultan Mal^mtid, uncle of Hoshang,
(R&n4 of Chitov Kumbho, presents
tankas coined in his own name, 1450),
34
0
0
99
1469.
Sultan Ghiyd? u'd din,
32
0
0
99
1600.
„ Ni^ir u'd din, (his son ShahAb u'd
din revolts).
11
4
3
99
1512.
„ Matmud 11, (younger son, last of
the Khiljis),
26
6 11
19
KddirShdb, ...
6
0
0
The total giyes 251.
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214
Yb. Mb. Ds.
A. D. Shnj&^t Khin, known as Saj&waU Kban, 12 0 0
„ Biz Bah&dar.
In 1534 Malirah tncorporattd with Oujerdt kingdom ; in 1568 annexed
as a province of Akhar^s empire.
It is said that two thousand, three hnndred and fifty-five years, fire
months and twenty-seven days prior to this, the 40th year of the Divine Era',
an ascetio named Mahahdh^ kindled the first flame in a fire-temple, and devo-
ting himself to the worship of God, resolutely set himself to the consuming
of his rebellious passions. Seekers after eternal welfare gathered round
him, zealous in a life of mortification. About this time the Buddhists
began to take alarm and appealed to the temporal sovereign, asserting thai
in this fire-temple, many living things were consumed in flaming fire, and
that it was advisable that Brahmanical rites should be set aside, and that
he should secure the preservation of life. It is said that their prayer was
heard, and the prohibition against the said people was enforced. These
men of mortified appetites resolved on redress, and sought by prayer a
deliverer who should overthrow Buddhism and restore their own &ith.
The Supreme Justice brought forth from this fire-temple, now long grown
cold, a human form, resplendent with divine majesty, and bearing in ito
^ Var, 8huj&wal. Perhaps Shuj&a dil.
A note in Bemonlli sngg^estg that Tieffen-
thaler has drawn on a history of Milwah
bj Niz&mi A. H. 910. (A. D. 1504-5,)
for this list of princes. Its identity with
that of Abul Fazl, and the fact of his
having largely nsed the ^A£n for his
geographical description of HindiiBt&n,
famishes another and surer infer-
ence.
« This would be B. 0. 761, bnt the U.
T. antedates the appearance of Dhanji
or Arjan by nearly a century, (B. 0.
840) and places the time of Mahamah
(sic.) the founder of the fire-temple
" in early ages." The chronology is, of
course, like the account, legendary. The
rise of Buddhism occurred in the 6th
century, B. 0. long before which the
Yedic religion was in operation, in which
Agni the god of fire was the object of
almost as many hymns as Indra himself,
the Aqueous Vapour and bountiful giver
of rain. The temporal sovereign to whom
the Buddhists appealed, accords with
Asoka's support of them. His age is
about 257 B. C, and Arjun appears sub-
sequently, but as this hero, with his five
brothers, was miraculously bom in the
Mahabharata the main story of which if
assigned oonjecturally to about 1200
B. 0., his re-appearance may as miraon-
lously and conveniently be effected at any
later time. It is more probable, howcTer,
that the story has reference to some
local religious factions which miist have
existed at many places and times in
India of which tradition, as in the case
of the Brahman Eum&rila, and the per-
secution of the Buddhists by his royal
disciple Sudhanwan in the 8th century,
has exaggerated the extent and import-
ance.
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215
hand a flashing Bword. In a short space, he enthroned himself on the
Bommit of power, and renewed the Brahmanical ohservance. He assumed
the name of Dhanji and coming from the Deooan, estahlished his seat of
goToimient at M41wah and attained to an advanced age.
When Patrdj, the fifth in descent from him, died without issue, the
nobles elected Aditja Ponwir his successor, and this was the origin of the
BOTereignty of this house. On the death of Hemairth in battle, Gandharb,
the chosen, was raised to the throne. The Hindtis believe that he is the
same as Hemarth whom the Supreme Ruler introduced among the celestials
in the form of a Oandharh^ and then clothed in huinan shape. Thus he
became universally known by this name and prospered the world by his
justice and munificence. A son was bom to him named Bikram^jit who
kept aflame the lamp of his ancestors and made extensive conquests.
The Hindds to this day keep the beginning of his reign as an era and
rdate wonderful accounts of him. Indeed he possessed a knowledge of
talismans and incantations and gained the credulity of the simple. Chan-
diapal obtained in turn the supreme power and conquered all Hindiist&n.
Bijainand was a prince devoted to the chase. Near a plant of the Munjcfi
he suddenly came upon a new-bom infant. He brought him up as his own
' A dass of demigods who inhabit the
hetven of Indra and form the oelestial
eixnr at the banquets of the deities. He
appoan also in the lists as OaJidha-pdlat
fostered by an ass, Qandha-ri^a or HoT'
thoandgka, epithets of the same animal.
Aooording to Wilf ord the Pandits who
assisted Abnl Fazl disfigored the chrono-
logj of the supplement to the A gni-prirana.
Of SaUvahana and Nara-Yahana they
made two distinct persons as well as of
Bahrim with the title of Gor in Per-
sian and Himiir, or the Ass in Arabic.
Thus they introduced Him&r or Hemarth
«nd Gor or Gkuidharb and told Abnl
Pasl that the former having been killed
ia battle, his sonl passed into the body
of Gandharb. The accession of Yikra-
ottditTa son of Bahr&m Gor is placed
hi the sapplement to the A.-pnrana and
m the Sa^rujaya-mahdtmya, A. D. 4S7.
In ^ appendix to the A. P., the acces-
sMm of Aditya is placed A. D. 185, bat
in the Cumdricdc'hanaj A. D. 191 : the
difference is 6 years which added to 437
or rather 486, will place the same event
in 442, the date of the Western Chrono-
logers. As. Bes. IX, 168—75.
' Saccharum munjay a rash or grass
from the fibres of which a string is pre-
pared of which the Brahmanical girdle
is properly formed. Mnnja wrote a
geographicfil description of the world
or of India which still exists under the
name of Munja-prati-desa-ryavasthd or
state of various countries. It was
afterwards corrected cmd improved by
Edj4 Bhoja, and still exists in Gujerit,
Munja transferred the capital from
IJjjain to Sdnitpura in the Deccan called
after him Munja-pattana on the Goda-
veri. S<5nitpura (city of blood) was
thus called because Munja was defeated
here with great slaughter and lost his
life. Wilford.
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216
Bon and called him by the name of Mtinja. When his own inevitable time
approached, his son Bh6ja was of tender age. He therefore appointed
Monja his successor, who ended his life in the wars of the Deccan.
Bb6ja succeeded to the throne in 541st^ year of the era of Bikram&jit
and added largely to his dominions, administering the empire with justice
and liberality. He held wisdom in honour, the learned were treated with dis-
tinction, and seekers after knowledge were encouraged by his support.
Five hundred sages, the most erudite of the age, shone as the gathered
wisdom of his court and were entertained in a manner becoming their
dignity and merit.^ The foremost of these was Barrnj, a second was
Dhanpdl, who have composed works of great interest and left them to
intelligent seekers of truth, as a precious possession. At the birth of
Bhdja, either through a grave miscalculation of the astrologers or some
inadvertence on the part of those who cast his horoscope, the learned in
the stars in consultation announced a nativity of sinister aspect. They
prognosticated hazard to the lives of such as sympathised with him, and
these to save their own, cast this nursling of fortune in the dust of des-
titution and exposed him in an inhospitable land. He was there nourished
without the intervention of human aid. The sage Barraj, who at that
time was not accounted among the learned, having recast his horoscope
after profound investigation, foretold the good tidings of a nativity linked
to a long life and a glorious reign. This paper he threw in the way
of the Raja, whose heart on reading it, was agitated with the impulse
01 paternal love. He convened an assembly of the astrologers, and when
the nativity was scrutinised, and it was ascertained where the error lay,
he went in person and restored Bhdja to favour and opened the eyes of his
understanding to the strangeness of fortune. They relate that when the
child was eight years old, the short-sighted policy of Munja impelled him
to desperate measures and he contemplated putting the innocent boy to
^ Wilford says that this is impossible
as it would place Bhoja's accession in
the year 982 which he considers to be
more probably the date of his death, his
accession occorring abont the year 918
of Christ. This must be Tod's third
Bija of the name. I refer the reader
to Wilford's Essay where he may lose
himself at leisnro in the wilderness of
conjectural chronology and encounter
the numcrons phantom Vikramadityas,
Bhojas and Salivahanas that will con-
front him at every step.
• Dr. Hall shows (Joum. B. A. S. 1862
Vdsaradatta, Pref.) that there ia little
foundation for this prince's fame as a
patron of letters. Elphinst. India, 281,
note. The names of the two pandits
as given by Wilford are Dhanwanti and
Bararuchi, and the number five han-
dred is reduced to nine.
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217
defttL He entrnsied him to some of hia trostj followers to make away
with him secretlj, bnt these ministers of death spared him, and concealing
him, invented a plausible tale. On his taking leave, he gave them a letter
telling them to read it to the lUjd in case he should inquire regarding
him. Its purport ran as follows : — *' How doth darkness of soul in a man
cast him oat of the light of wisdom, and in unholy machinations stain his
hands in the blood of the innocent ! No monarch in his senses thinks to
earry with hini to the grave his kingdom and treasures, but thou by
%\xpng me seemest to imagine that his treasures perpetually endure and
that he himself is beyond the reach of harm." The BAji on hearing this
letter, was aroused from his day-dream of fancied security and brooded in
remoTBe over his crime. His agents, when they witnessed the evidences
of his sincerity revealed to him what had occurred. He gave thanks to
God, welcomed Bh<$ja with much affection and appointed him his successor.
When his son Jayachand's^ reign was ended, none of the Poqiwir caste was
fcmnd worthy to succeed. Jitpal of the To^war caste, who was one of
the principal landowners was elected to the throne, and thus by the vicis-
Bitades of fortune the sovereignty passed into this family. When Ku^-
warpil died, the royal authority passed into the hands of the Ghauh&ns.
During the reign of Maldeva, Shaikh Sh&h came from Ohazni and ac-
quired possession of M&lwah and lived to an advanced age. At his
death his son A14 u'd din was a minor, and his chief minister Dharm Rij
6M occupied the throne. As soon as J^ u'd din came of age, he rose in
arms to assert his rights and put to death the disloyal usurper. Jitpal
Chaohan, a descendant of Mdnik Deva' Chauhdn, who was in the service
of Kamftl u'd dfn, under the impulse of malice and in pride of wealth
compassed the destruction of his master and in the hope of gain, ac-
quired for himself eternal perdition. Under the rule of Tippars^n,^ an
intriguing Afgh&n, getting together some desperate characters as his
* Jajrananda aocording to Wilford,
who giyes the next name as Chaitra or
ijiep6X and identifies or confonnde him
With Chandrapila, who, he considers, is
•rroneonsly placed before Bh<5ja in Abal
taxi's list. He acooants him one of the
Bany Yikramadityas among whom the
htto of the era is not easilj recognised.
* Manikya Rai, is recorded in the U.
T. as the 18th in the list of the Ohanhin
dynaatj at Ajmer and Delhi and after-
wards at Eotah and Bnndi. He flourish-
28
ed A. D. 695, and founded Sambhar
henee title of S&mbri B6o; slain by
Moslem invaders under Abul A^. The
Chauhins were one of the four Ag^cola
tribes, Ghanhins, Parihirs, Sol^ki and
Pramlira, said to have been produced by
a oouTocation of the gods on Mount
'Abd. Tod.
* The name is misprinted in the text
through the misplacing of the diacritical
points.
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218
abettors, laying an ambnBli for the B4j&, slew him while hunting, and
assumed the sovereignty with the title of Jal41 u'd din. Tippars6n had
married his son Kharaks^n into the family of the Riji of K&mrdp.^ The
Bdjd, for his eminent services, appointed this adopted son his heir, and
when the BAji died, Eharaks^n ascended the throne and to avenge his
wrongs marched an army against Mdlwah and Adlam Sh4h was killed in
battle.
In the reign of Sakat Sing a prince named Bah&dut Shih advanced
from the Decoan and having put the B&j4 to death, marched against
Delhi and was taken prisoner while fighting against Sulfin Shah^b u*d din.
From the time of Snlt&n Ghiyd? u'd din Balban (A. D. 1265)
to that of Sultdn Muhammad son of Firoz SMk (A. D. 1387) no serious
weakness in the imperial authority betrayed itself, but on his death the
empire of Delhi became a prey to distractions. Diliwar Kh^ Ghori
who had been appointed by him to the government of M&lwah, assumed
independence. The Sult&n bestowed the government of four provinces
upon four individuals who had been &dthful to him in his adversity. To
Zafar Eh4n' he gave Gujerdt ; Khizr Kh4n was appointed to Multin ;
Khw4jah Sarwar to Jaunpdr and DiUwar Kh&n to M41wah. After his
death, the time being favourable, each^ of the four assumed indepen-
dence.
Alp Khdn the son of DilAwar Kh4n was elected to the succession
under the title of Hoshang. It is said that his father was poisoned by
his order whereby he has gained everlasting abhorrence. Sulfdn Muza&r
of Gujer&t marched against him and took him prisoner and left his own
brother Na^ir Kh&n in command of the province. But as he was tyrannons
in conduct and ignored the interests of his subjects, Mtisa, cousin \A
Hoshang, was raised to the throne. Sultan MuzafEar released Hoshang
* The text hwKdmHt,
* Zafar KlUui took the title of Mnzaf •
far Sh&h. AcoordiDg to some historians
both he and DiUwar owed their appoint-
ments to Firoz Shih. Khizr Khin was
continued in his goyemment of Multan
and Dip&lpur by Tim^ and acted as
the viceroy of that oonqaeror. Within
two years of the death of Ma^mud the
last of the hoose of Toghlal^ he advanced
to Delhi at the head of 60,000 horse and
established the dynasty of the Sayyids in
1414. Malik BA}i of Ehindesh asserted
his independence at this time
* There is an evident omission in the
text of a qoalifying word before the
nnmeral, and the sentence is improperly
assigned to the next paragraph. The
S. nl. M. sappUes j^. The text is so
obscure and confused that nothing bat
a knowledge of the history of the times
can guide a reader to the meaning of
the incoherent narratiye. Gladwin is
completely astray.
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219
bom confinement and despaicbed liiin to MiUwah in company with his own
son A^mad Khin^ and in a short time he was restored to power. On the
death of Mozafibr, he perfidiooslj marched against Gnjerat, bat meeting
with no success, retnmed. On several subsequent occasions he attacked
Saltan Alpnad of Ghijerdt but was shamefully defeated.
On one occasion cunningly disguised as a merchant, he set out for
Jijnagar.^ The ruler of that country accompanied by a small retinue
Tisited the oararan. Hoshang took him prisoner and hastened back.
While journeying together, Hoshang told him that he had been induced
to nndertake this expedition in order to procure a supply of elephants and
added that if his people attempted a rescue, the prince's life should pay
the penalty. The prince therefore sending for a number of valuable
elephants, presented them to him and was set at liberty.
Hoshang was engaged in wars with Mubirak Shih son of Ehizr Khiu
▼iceroy* of Delhi, with Sult&n Ibrahim of the Jaunpdr dynasty, and with
' Jijpdr on the Baitar&ni river in
Orisaa, capital of the province nnder the
lion Dynasty, the Gajpati or Lords of
Elephants. This story oocnrs in the
Tab. Akbari, p. 537, and in Ferishta,
Vol n, p. 236. (Briggs, IV, 178). Pe-
ziahta's account is that in A. H. 825
(1421^2), Hoshang with a 1,000 picked
cavahy disg^nised as a merchant set ont
for Jijnagar, one month's joomey from
Mihrah and took with him a nnmber of
cream-oolonred horses, much songht after
by the ruler of Orissa and stuffs of vari-
ous kinds, his object being to exchange
tiiese for elephants the better to meet
Sol^in Mmad of Gnjer&t in the field.
On his arrival near Jajnagar he sent to
inform the B&jah of the presence of his
Qiravan and the prince arrived with a
nimber of elephants to barter for the
hones, or ready to pay in coin, as the
need arose. The horses were caparison-
ed and the stuffs laid out for inspection,
when, a storm of rain came on and the
li^tniiig frightening the elephants, they
trampled on the goods and caused great
damage. Hoshang tore his hair and
swore that life was no longer worth hav-
ing and at a sig^ial* his men mounted and
attacked the R&ji's guard, and put them
to flight. Capturing the R^ja, Hosh-
ang discovered himself and excused his
action on the ground of the destruction
of his property. He then stated his ob-
ject. The R&jah admired his audacity
and 75 elephants purchased his own re-
lease. Hoshang carried him as far as the
frontier and set him at liberty. On the
lUja's return to* his own capital, he
sent Hoshang a further present of a few
more of his finest elephants in testimony
of his gallantry. Hoshang returned to
Mando which Sul^ A|^mad was be-
seig^ing and eluding an engagement en-
tered it by the T&r&pdr gate Ferishta
relates a similar expedition undertaken
by Sul(£n Shams n*d din Bhankarah of
Bengal to J&jnagar about A. H. 754
(A. D. 1853) to obtain elephants (p. 296,
Yol. II) which proves the reputation of
that province for the superior breed or
number of these animals.
* He never assumed the royal title
but styled himself viceroy of Timdr in
whose name the ooin was minted and
the Khutbah read.
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220
Sultan A(^mad of ihe Deccan.^ On his death, the nobles, in aceordaiice
with his bequest, raised his son Na^ir* Kh6n to the throne under the title
of Muhammad Sh&h. Mal;^miid Ehan, oousin of Saltan Hoshang, basely
bribed his cup bearer and that venal wretch poisoned the Sultan's wine.
The generals of the army kept his death becret hoping to place his son
Mas^^d Khan upon the throne and they sent to confer with Ma^M
Khan. He replied that worldly affairs had no longer any interest for him
but that if his presenoe in council were necessary, thej must come to him.
They foolishly went to his house and were placed in confinement, and by the
aid of some disloyal mercenary partisans, he seized upon the sovereignly
of M^wah and was proclaimed under the title of Sul^in Mahmud (Kbilji).
Upon such a wretch,^ in its wondrous vicissitudes thus did Fortune smile
and the awe he inspired secured him the tranquil possession of power. He
waged wars with Sultan Mul^mmad son of Mubdrak Shih, king of Delhi,
with Sultan Al^nad, king of Gujer&t, with Sultin Husain Sharki of
Jdunptir, and with R4na Kombha^ of Mew&r.
Khwdjah Jamal u'd din Astar&b&di^ was sent to him as ambassador by
Abd Said Mirza with costly gifts which greatly redounded to his glory.
Malt^mtid II (1512 A. D.) through his ungenerous treatment of his adopt-
* Ali^mad Shah. Wall of the Bahm&iu
dynasty (1422—35).
' Var. Husain Khin whioh name Glad-
win adopts. Ferishta oalls him Ghizni
Khin.
* He proved notwithstanding, the
ablest and most chivalrons of all the
Hilwah princes. This indignation is
somewhat misplaced. Considering the
nsnal road to an Eastern throne, this is
innocence.
* In the U. T. Kunibo, Tod. Knmbho.
Gladwin Gownho.
* This ambassador arrived with pre-
sents from Mirza Sal|in S^id 3rd in de-
scent from Tamerlane who reigned over
Transoziana and held his court at Bokh-
iri — grandfather of Biber. He returned
with presents of elephants, singing and
dancing girls, Arab horses and anode
in the vernacular composed by Mabmdd
himself which Abu S^id valued above
aU the other gifts. Ferishta II, 254.
When Abfi Safd was killed in JHlf.
he left 11 sons, vis., Ai^mad, Ha^miid,
Mul^ammad, Sh&hrukh, Ulngh, Omar
Shaikh, Abu Bakr, Mur&d, Khalil, Omar,
and Mirza. Four of these became sove-
reigns in their father's life-time, Ulngh
Beg in Gabul, A|^mad in Samarkand,
Mahmud in Kunduz and Badakshan, and
Om&r Shaikh in Farghinah. Tunas Khan
king of Moghulist&n, gave each of these
(except Ulugh Beg) a daughter in mar-
riage. In A. H. 888 (1483—4) Kutlugh
Nig&r KhiUiam, the daughter of Ydnas
bore a son to Omar Shaikh whom he
called B&ber. The genealogy from Timur
is as follows : —
Aniir Tim6r
Mirin Sh4h Mirza
Sul^n Muhammad Mirza
Sultan Abii S^d Mirza.
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ed followerfli feU into miafortune but was again reinstated in power by
the aid of Sultan Muzaffiar SWh (II) of GujerAt (A. D. X611— 26),
Tbrongh his reckless bravery in battle he was taken prisoner by the Rkni
(Sanga)* who treated him with generosity and restored him to his kingdom.
He was again captured in action against Snlt4n BahMur of Gajerilt and
conveyed to the fortress of Chdnpan6r. He was killed (A. D. 1626) on
bis way thither and Mdlwah was incorporated with Qnjerit until it was
conquered by Humaytin. When this monarch returned to Agra, one of
the relations of Sultdn Mafemdd, by name Malld, seized on the government
of Mflwah under the title of J^idir Khin.
During the supremacy of the usurper Sh&- Khin the control of the
province was invested in Shuja^tt Kh4n,8 who rebelled under the reign of
Mm Khan and assumed independence under Mubdriz KhAn.
• S. nl M. citojil/. The reference is
teluidiBmiasal of hie Hmdu mioister
Medni Bae and the R4]p6t troope to
Thorn he owed his kingdom when desert-
ed bj his nobles at the beginning of his
Bngn. The loyalty of Mednl Bie,
tboQgfa proved under the greatest trials,
4id not disarm the king's sospioions and
le fled to the Coort of Qujerftt in 1647.
* Sana Sanga (also Si^grim or Sinka)
(A.D. 160&— 1629) under whom Uew&t
molted its highest prosperity, snooess-
foQj resifted Bihar at Biina in 1626.
■ See Vol. I, p. 821. Sher Shih wai
loeceeded by his second son Jalil Khin,
ae laUm 8hih oormpted into Salim Bbih
A. H. 952 (May 26th, 1645). On his
death in A. H. 965 (1548-9) he was sno-
«eeded by his son prince Firoz, then 12
yews of age who was placed on the
throne by the chiefs of the hoose of
S6r at Ghiralior. He had not reigned &
%i when liabiriz Khin. son of Nisim
Khin and nephew of Sher 8hih and
l»oiher-in-]aw of Salim Shih, assassi-
••^ his sister's son Firos, and assumed
the lOTereignty under the title of Mn.
banunad Shih ^fidil. The common peo-
ple dropping the alif and adding a yd
caUed him 4dU%. Perishta (Vol I, p.
288,) adds'* and J^m from hi» vnmt of
capacity betook himself to the socie-
ty of low and base companions and re-
ferred to them the highest affairs of
State." At page 460 of Blphinstone's
India (Murray, 1866, ed. CoweU) is a
footnote to the name of " Adali " which
runs thus. ["His ignorance and ab-
surdity obtained for him the name of
Adah ("the foolish"). Sir H. Elliot's
Hist., i. 802)--Bd.] The responsibflity
for this meaning apparently rests with
Dom for in Yol. V of Dowson's Elliot,
p. 45, is the following footnote. " The
Mdkhaan i Afghdni says, this name was
changed to 'AdaU' which Dom saya
Bignifies foolish." Though the root JX*
bears the meaning of 'deriation fiom
the right way* this is by no means
synonymous with feebleness of mind
and * Adali,* as an epithet, does not
meair "looliah.** I suspect Dom*s error
i« based on FeriiBihts*a wacda which I
have underlined and which he haa
severed from their connection with what
follows and referred them to the nam«.
Perishta adds that the Afghin wits
called him * Andhli ' for his ill-regulated
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On his death, his eldest son Bayizid succeeded under the title of Biz
Bahadur until the star of his Majesty's fortune arose in the ascendant and
this fertile proyince was added to the imperial dominions.
May the robe of this daily- widening empire be bordered with per-
petuity, and its inhabitants enjoy to their hearts' fill a prosperity that shall
never decay.
Suhah of Ddndh.
This flourishing country was called Ehdndes, but after the captare of
the fortress of Asir^ and when this province fell under the goyemment of
prince Dknj&L, it was known as B&ndis} It is situated in the second
climate. Its length from Borgdon^ which adjoins Hindiah to Lalanj* which
is on the borders of the territory of AhmadnagoMr is 75 kos. Its breadth
from Jdmod adjoining Berdr to Pal which borders Mdlwah is 50, and in
some parts only 25 kos. On its east is Berd/r ; to the north, Mdlioah : to
the south, Odlnah (J&lna) : to the we«t, the southern chain of the mountains
of Mdlwah. The rivers are numerous, the principal being the Tdli^ which
condnct, " Andhli being in the Hindi lan-
guage * blindness.' " Accurate Boholar-
ship is not looked for in a jest and the
similaritj of sound will suffice for a
pun, but it maj be remarked that
*iindhli* is not admissible for "blindness"
which should be andhla-pan or perhaps
' andhUU* Since writing the above, Dr.
Bost has traced for me the work in which
Dom has committed himself to this
interpretation of 4^ili. It occurs in his
tronslation of Neamat TJUah. (History
of Afghans, Vol. 1, 171) " but, in despite
of his usurped title, he was commonly
called Adili (the Foolish)." A note re-
fers the reader to Briggs' Ferishta.
Vol. II, p. 144, which is, as I suspected,
the passage quoted and underlined by
me above. Briggs represents his origi-
nal with freedom, but in the main, as
far as I have seen, with truth. In this
instance his paraphrase has misled Dom
into an inference, probably not intended,
but if intended, certainly incorrect.
^ It was ceded to Akbar towards tke
close of A. H. 1008 (1600 A. D.) by
Bah&dur Khan F&r6|d the last of that
dynasty. See A. A., Vol. I, zxiii and
p. 886.
' A combination of D&ny&l and Khin-
des, as ELhindes was named after Nasir
u'd din son of Malik Baja the first of the
F&r6^ dynasty.
8 T. and G. Pourgaon, Poorgong. S. oL
M. Pdrgdo^.
^ Var, T. and G. Talang. T. has also
Lelang.
* Var. Tibi, M&U. T. passes by the
name altogether, while G. has it, but
strangely omits the Tapti. I find no
mention of the T&li in the I. G. The
Tapti rises in a sacred reservoir in the
town of Multai. (lat. 2^ 46' 26" K.,
long. 78° 18' 6" B.). The Prfmo, aoeord-
ing to the I. G. is one of its tributuies.
The text has here P4m% but later on
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riaes between Beraar and Oondhwdnahy the Tapti which has its source from
the same quarter and which is also called the Fitma, and the Oimi near
Chapmh. The climate is pleasant and the winter temperate.
Joufdri is chiefly cultivated of which, in some places, there are three
crops in a year, and its stalk is so delicate and pleasant to the taste that
it is regarded in the light of a fruit. The rice is of fine quality, fruits
grow plentifully and betel leaves are in abundance. Good cloth stuffs are
woTen here : those called Siri Sdf^ and Bhiraun come from Bharangdon,
A'nt^ is the residence of the governor. It is a fortress on a lofty hill.
Three other forts encompass it which for strength and loftiness are
scarcely to be equalled. A large and flourishing city is at its foot. Bw-
Unpw is a large city three Icos distant from the Tapti. It lies in latitude
21^ Wf and is embellished with many gardens and the sandal-wood also
grows here. It is inhabited by people of all countries and handicraftsmen
play a thriving trade. In the summer, clouds of dust fly which in the
nuns turn to mud.
Aadilahid is a fine town. Near it is a lake, a noted place of worship,
and the crime of Baj4 Jasrat^ was expiated at this shrine. It is full all
the year round and it irrigates a large area of cultivation.
' See A. A., VoL I, p. 94.
' It was captured by stratagem from
its eponjmoiiB hero Asa Ahfr by Na^ir
Kbin FlMUd acoording to TieflPenthaler,
bat the I. G. gives the date about
1970, in the reign of Malik Bij&. The
story of Asa Ahfr is told by Ferishta.
The fortress is situated on a spur of the
Satp6ra range, height 850 feet from the
l»se and 2,500 above sea level. The
three forts are probably the outworks
embracing inferior spurs of the hill and
commanding the approaches. TieflPen-
thaler says "elle est def endue par un
triple mnr, muni par intervalles, de tours
londes ; il faut franchir oes trois rem-
parts pours arriver an sommet."
• Properly 21° 18' 36" N., long. W
W 26" E. It was founded by Na?ir
Khia F&rW of Khindesh and called by
him after Shaikh Burhan u*d din of
Danlatib^ I. G.
^ That this name is an error for Dala-
ratha, I am convinced by the S. ul. M.
which although it retains " Jasrat " adds
the information that he was the father
of B^ma Chandra, known as Bama.
Professor Cowell of Cambridge has
placed me under obligations for the
following note : " Dafiaratha*s crime was
committed in his youth when he un-
wittingly killed the hermit's son in the
forests by the banks of the river Sarayfi
in Ondh. The story is told in B^milyan,
Bk. II, Sec. 63 (see Griffith's translation,
VoL II, p. 243). He was cursed by the
bereaved father and fated to be simi-
larly agonised for the loss of his son in
after years. I suppose these universally
known legends are localised in different
spots of India, like King Arthur's ex-
ploits in Cornwall, Wales and Scotland.
The shrine of local celebrity in Khan-
desh no doubt claimed the glory of
having been Daferatha's resort after his
crime in order to expiate his guilt."
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Ohingdec^ it a village near which the Tapti and the Pimd unite, and
the oonflnenoe is aooonuted a place of great eanotity. It is called OMkof^
Tirth, Adjacent to it is an image of Mahddeo, Thej relate that a hlind
man carried abont him an image of Mahildeo which he worshipped dailj.
He lost the image at this spot For a time he was sore distressed bai
forming a similar image of sand, he placed it on a little eminence and
adored it in a like spirit. By a miracle of dirine will, it became stone
and exists to this day. Near it a spring rises which is held to bd
the Qanges. An ascetic by the power of the Almighty was in the habit of
going to the Ganges daily from this spot. One night the river appeared
to him in a dream, and said, '* Undertake these fatigues no longer ; I my-
self will rise np in thy cell/' Accordingly in the morning it began to well
forth and is flowing at the present time.
JdmSd is a noh parganah. In its neighbonrhood is a fort on a bigb
hill called PipaldoL Bdmarw? is a prosperous town. Near it is a tuik
in which a hot spring perpetually rises and which is an object of
worship.
Ohopfah is a large flourishing town, near which is a shrine call-
ed EdmAtar at the confluence of the Qiffii and the Tapti. Pilgrinu
from the most distant parts frequent it. Adjacent to it is the fort of
Malh&mad^
ThMner was for a time the capital of the Fdrufei princes. The fort
though situated on the plain is nevertheless of great strength.
This 8ubah contains 82 parganahs. Scarce any land is out of cultiva-
tion and many of the villages more resemble towns. The peasantry are
docile and industrious. The provincial force is formed of KSlia, BhiU and
Oonds, Some of these can tame lions, so that they will obey their com*
mands, and strange tales are told of them.
Its revenue is 12,647,062, Berdri tanlcaTu as will appear in the state-
ment. After the conquest of Asir, this revenue was increased by 60 per
> Var» Ohiiekdeo. T. Taohanekd^n
G. OhangdaTj.
* Var. Ghikil. T. Tacheklitiret. Glad-
win. Jigger teerat, whioh he renden
** the tiyer of adored places ! " a deriva-
tion more curious than tenable. ' Ohikil '
aignifiea mad, mire or sHrne. Chikar
is no donbt ChCkar which has the same
meaning, and the place of pilgrimage
may be called after the marshy chano*
ter of the spot. Though not as holj ti
the Narbada, the Tapti nererthlesi baf
no fewer than 106 Hrths or shrines of
pilgrimage on its banks.
* Var. Amarti, Amemi, AmM, Da-
mami.
^ G. MeloDga. S. ol M. Malki&d.
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eeot. Tht tankah is reckoned at 24 ia^iw. The total is therefora^
455,294,232 Akbari d6aM> (Rs. 11^82,355-12.9.)
Sarkdr of Ddndes.
Omtaioing 32 'Mahahi, BeveBoe
Tanhaha.
Ikt, north of Barfaiinpiir,
Alnii|*aoa(b, ...
AaudwAt MHKb, by loaUi,
AanahM*
Bviogtov, east bj south,
Pidirfrah/ west,
B^^, west, ...
Md^, sonth-east,*
Kamies omitted in all M-SS.
Bihil, sooth, ...
Bebdgiu>n* south,
Bitiwad,^ soath,
B4er * west by soath,
TUu^uar, west by sonth, ...
HiM, east, ...
ilan^, midway between B.
1,060,221
2HM9
648,328
2,406,180
215,504
206,728
162,830
183,540
r 58,511
I 246,112
290,311
256,331
320,782
596,968
594,289
176,844
470,042
in money 12,647,062 Tankahs.
Tanhahg
Ohindsar, sonth,
JakSd, south,
Gb^pMh,west, ...
D4bc^ sonth, .«.
Dimri, west,
Bilnw^r, west, ...
B^npiir,* east, ...
SiUxli, sonth, ...
Sand^inii, between B. and W.,
AildilAb4d, east by south, . . .
Lalang,**soatb, ...
Loh&ri, south, ...
Manjr6d, east, ...
Nasiiibad, south
Name omitted in all M8S ,"
198,900
817,206
730,966
815,326
825,800
883,665
820,971
430,008
104,764
627,228
862,644
247,966
104,966
824,925
316,888
In ancient times this country was a waste and bat few people lired
abottt the fortress of Asir. The locality was traditionally connected with
' A note in the text disputes the aocu<
nej of these fig^ures, which are perfectly
correct, and proposes a miscalculation of
itiown —
Tankahs.
Fifty per cent, on 12,647,062
is 6,323,531
producing a total of 18,970,598
If Abnl Fazl's toUl of Akbari ddma be
difidsd by 24, the quotient will result in
13,970>93 Taniaks. In the I G. Y I, 297,
the knd revenue of EhAndesh under
Akbsr, Giro. 1580 is given at Bs. 7,568-
237, and under Aurangzeb, 11,216,750.
Bes Ephinstone's India (ed. 1866) note
for the fluctuations of the value in coins.
29
• T. and G. AtriU.
• Var. Anmaler. T. Anmalra.
• T. Bangora. G. Banjnreh.
• T. Bondbar. G. Poormal.
• T. Bancadgion.
^ Var, Beiwad. T. Beanvad.
• T. Matar.
• Var. Raspiir. Rattanpdr. T. and G.
Ruttenpoor.
*• Tar. Nalang.
>^ These sums give a total of 14,578,863
instead of 18,970,593. Gladwin's figures
yield 15,546,863. The deficiency is pro-
bably due to errors of copyists or to
omissions of income from other sources.
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AihwaUhdmd^ and established as a sbrine. It is related that Malik Udji
from whom Bahddwi* is the ninth in descent, nnder stress of misfortune
came from Bidan^ to these parts and established himself in the village of
KarSndA^^ a dependency of Thdlnir^ but being molested by the natives, he
repaired to Delhi and took service nnder Saltan Fir6z. The king admired
his skill as a huntsman, and his reward being left to his own choice, he
received a grant of that village^ and by jadicions policy acquired possession
of other estates and reclaimed much waste land. In the year 784 A. H.
(A. D. 1382), he made TMUiSt his seat of government, assumed the title
of Aadil Shdh and reigned for 17 years. He was succeeded by his son
Ghizni^ Eh4n under the title of Nafir Sh4h, after which this province
became known as Ehind6s. He reigned 40 years, 6 months, and 26
days. On his death his son Mir&n Shah administered the state, fiy
some he is called ^-^dol Shah. He occupied the throne 3 years, 8 months
and 23 days. He was followed by his son Mub4rik Sh&h Chaukandi*'
Sultan during 17 years, 6 months and 29 days. His son ^kdll Shah
4-yn4^ whose name was Al^san Khdn, had a prosperous reign of 46 years,
8 months and 2 days. He removed to Burhdnp^tr and made himself
master of Asir.* Soltan A^mad of Oujerdt, the founder of AJ;^med4bad,
gave him his daughter in marriage. At his death, his brother Daid
Shah reigned for 7 years, 1 month and 17 days, ^kdiil Shah (II) son
of Hasan^^ took refuge in Gujerat. Sulf^n Mil^mdd Bigarah^ Biji
gave him in marriage ^iW^ the daughter of Sultan Muzaffar, (his son)
' See nnder Sdbah of Ajmer, in the
description of Marw&r.
* Bahadur Kh&n Firiiki, 1596 A. D.
last of the dynaatj.
* G. and S. nl M. Bandar.
^ G. Keerandeej. S. nl M. Girdpadai.
According to T., his father was Khiui
Jah&n one of the ministers in the oonrt
Ala n*d din Khilji and of Mnhammad
Tnghla^. He claimed descent from the
Caliph Omar called by Mnhammad " al
F^ul^ " or the discriminator, on the day
that he publicly professed his conver-
sion, because on that day " Isl&m was
made manifest and truth distinguished
from falsehood." For an account of
this, see as Suyuti's Hist, of the Cab'phs,
my translation, p. 118.
T. states that he was given "les
cantons de Thanessor et de Gacrond,"
' G. Gharib, which name is also ft
variant of the text.
* S nl M. Gharkhan^i.
8 Var, Aya, Ab£, Anyi. G. Jya. 8.
nlM. I's4.
* T. says that be fortified the place
with another wall.
*• This is probably the correct name
and not A^san as above.
H For derivation of this name, see ToL
I., 506, n. His twisted moustache was
in shape like the horns of a cow, Bigaiab
signifying a cow in the Guzeriti lan-
guage.
*• S. ul M. ^), Eu^ayyah a more
likely name.
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and accompanjing him to KhdndSs, restored him to his kingdom and re-
turned to his own. He reigned 13 years. He left two sons, Mir&a
Mo^panunad Shih and Mnbarik Shah. Salt&n Bahddor of Gnjardt being
on terms of friendly alliance with the first-named^ made him his heir, and
guardian to his nephew Ma^m6d and his own brother Mnb&rik. Mirdn
8hah, from a sense of their deserts, and with political sagacity did them
no injnry and contenting himself with the kingdom Khdnd^ restored
Ma^4d to the sovereignty of Gujedtt. He reigned 16 years, 2 months
and 8 days. When the measure of his days was full, the nobles raised
liissonBaji to the throne. Mir4n Mnb&rik wrested it from him and
reigned in succession to his brother, administering the government for
81 years, G months and 5 days. He was succeeded by his son Midtn
Mnlt^ammad who reigned 9 years, 9 months and 15 days. When he died,
his younger brother Bdja Ali Eh4n' was elected and assumed the title
of Aidil Shih, His administration was conducted with ability and he
was killed in the wars of the Deccan fighting on the side of his Majesty's
victorious troops. He was buried at Burhanpdr, after a successful reign
of 21 years, 3 months and 20 days. At his death the succession de-
Yoked on Ehizr Kbin, his son, who took the name of Bah&dur Sh&h,
But the star of his destiny was obscured and in the 45th year of the
Divine era, he was deprived of his kingdom as has been recorded in its
proper place.
^ Hii lister being mother of Mir&n
Shih.
S He married a sifter of Abnl Fazl.
See Vol. I, p. xzxiv, and p. 886. The
line of these prinoes aooording to the
U. T. is as follows. (Compare Elphinst.
India, app. p. 770).
A.I).
1870. Halik Bija FidUlFi, reoeives Jl^
of Talner from Firos.
1899. Malik Naair or NasirKh4nF&r6^^
hnilds Bnrh&npdr.
1441. Miran Adil Khin FibW, expels
Deocanies from Kh&ndesh.
1441. Miran Mnbarik Kh&n F&r^i;
peaoefol reign*
1467. Miran Ghani or AdUEhUnFirdl^
I ; tribntary to Gnser^t.
1608. Daond Khin F4r<iti, tributary to
Malwa.
1610. Arim Hnmajnn or Adil Ehin F,
II, grandson of Gnserit king.
1620. Miran Mnhammad Kh&n F., sno*
oeeds to Gnzehit throne.
1686. Miran Mnbirik Kh^ F., hrother $
war with Moghals
1666. Miran Mhf. Khan F., attack from
Deccan.
1676. B4ja Allj Khin F. acknowledges
Akbar's supremacy.
1696. Bahidnr Kh^ F. defies Akbar i
is imprisoned at Gwalior.
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228
Subdh of Berdr.
Its original Dame was Wdrddtaf, from Warda^ the river of that name
and taf, a bank. It is situated in the second climate. Its length from
Batdlah^ to Btragarh is 200 kos, its breadth from Bidar to Hindiah 180
ho8. On the east lies Biragarh adjoining Bastar; to the north is Hindiah;
to the south Telingdnah ;* on the west Mahkardbdd. It is a tract — situated
between two hill-ranges having a southerly direction. One of these is called
Bandah^ upon which are the forts of Odwilgar\ Namilat and MSlgafh.
The other is Sahta,^ whereon rise the forts of Mah6r and lUmgarh.
The climate and cultivation of this province are remarkably good.
There are many rivers, the principal of which is called Gang Oautami called
also the Qodaveri,
As the Ganges of Hindustan is chiefly connected with the worslup
of MahAdeo, so is this river with (the Bishi) Gautama, Wonderful tales
are related regarding it and it is held in great sanctity. It rises near
Trimhak^ in the Sahia range and passing through the country of Ahmad-
nagar, enters Berdr and flows into Telingdnah. When Jupiter enters the
fiign Leo, pilgrims flock from all parts to worship.* The Tdlx' and TapU
are also venerated. Another river the Pumd rises near Diwalgdony and
again the Wardd issues forth ten kos higher up than the source of the
Tdli. The Napta^ (?) also rises near DSwalgdon,
In this country the term for a Ohaudhri is Desmukhf for a Kdning6^
Bda Pdndiah ; the Mukaddam is called Paftl and the Patwir, Kalkami.
1 Var. Patiilah. O. Pufcaleh, T. Pa-
niila. S. ul M. S£Iah.
■ Ab this province eorresponds geo-
graphically with the aooient Trt-Kalinga
Gen. Canninghom thinks Telingdnah to
be probably, a alight contraction of Tri-
Kalinga. See Ano. G^. Ind., p. 510.
3 Another name preanmably for the
branch of tbe Satpnra mountaina on
which Gliwilgarb stands.
* Var, Saha, Sahsia, Sahsi.
• In the N£sik Dntrict, aboat 50
miles from the Indian Ocean. At this
spot is an artificial reservoir, reached by
a flight of 90 steps, into which the water
trickles drop by drop from the lips of a
earthen image shronded by a canopy of
stone. Its peonliar sacredness is said
to have been revealed by Bima hhmelf
to the sage Gantama. I. G.
6 Once in every 12 yean, a great bath-
ing festival ealled PntMcmram, is held
on t^e banks of the Godaveri, alternate-
ly with the other eleven aaered fivers
of India. The moat ftreqnented spots
are the sonroe at Trimbok, Bhadii-
ohalam on the left bank abont 100 vdlm
above lUj&mahendri, thie latter itsetf»
and the village of Kotipiti. Ibid.
T Var. Pili. P4tL
9 The text marka the name as dMAft-
fol. B.tilM.Bin£.
» See Vdl. II, pp. 46—41. ChavO^
is the head man of a oaate, gnild or
trade, or of a village.
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EUehpitr w « lai^ otty ftnd tW oftpital. A flower riolet in colofur
ii foimd her* aad is very fragnuxt. It is called Bh^pcm ehampahf^ mad
grows diote to the ground.
At the di0t«Boe of 7 ^ is OSwil^ afoitross o( almost matchless
fllnagth. In it is a apriog at whieh thej water weapons of steel.
Pandr is a strong fort on an eminence which two sfcreasM surround
ea three vides.
EhSrldh is « strong fort <m a plain. In tlie middle of it is a smi^l hiU
wbick is ■% place of worship. Four ko9 from this is a well, into which if
tbe bone cf any animal he thrown it petrifies,' like ft ooime-ehell only
imaller. To the east of this resides a Zaminddr named OhMwdfi wbe
s mastei* cf 2,000 cavalry, 50,000 foet and more than 100 elephants.
An(^her such Zwrn^inddfr is named Didhi BSo who possesses 200 eavalry,
and 6,000 foot. To the north is Ndhar Edo a chief whose f oroe consists
of 200 horse and 5,000 loot. Formerly in this neighbonrhood, was a
Zaminddr named HaU&y hut now his possessions aro nnder <ither snbjecfaom
and the whole race are Ootids. Wild elephants are found in this country.
The chiefs were always tributary to the kings of Milwah : the first, te
tte governor of t7af^, and the olAiers to the government of HinAiah. Nar-
%6lah is a strong fortress on a htU, containing many buildings. Bija Edo
\b% Zaminddr in the neighbourhood who has a force of 200 cavalry and 5,000
foot. Another is Dungar Khdn with 50 horse and 3,000 foot : both of
'3re €hnd tribe. Kear Bdlajdr are two streams, about the herders of
wMch are found various kinds of pretty stones, which are cut and kept
18 curiosities. Six kos distant was the head-quarters of Prince Sult&n
}txcM^ which grew into a fine city under the naime of Shahpwr.
Near Melgarh is a spring which petrifies wood and other substances
^t are thrown into it.
Kallanif^ is an ancient ciiy of cofnsiderable importance ; it is noted for
1 At p. 91, Vol. I. the name is Bh4n
Ckam^ aad is aaid to hare a peach
oolonied blossom. The S. nl M. calls it
Bktih Ohawtpah and adds " it grows also
k Bengal ; it shoots from ih& gronnd
Hilli IsaTes like ftbe ginger-plant and till
fte raii^ season it oontinoes infgrowth
sndisgnea. In the winter it witfaen
tmtf and ^appears altogether." The
word is properly Bhdm Ohampak, " The
gh)iiiid Champak/' and is the Koampfe-
ria Botonda.
« The B. «1 M. has ^^ a
(instead of ^^** a stone — of the text)
and adds " like a coum and is of that
kind," apparently the tme reading.
8 A note says, historically J&tihi or
J&twi.
♦ See Vol. I, pp. 309, 885, 867.
* In the I. G. Kala^nh in W^ District.
Lat 20** 26' N., long 78* 22' 30" B.
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its boffaloefl. In the yicinitj is a Zaminddr named Bahjeo of the t^ond
tribe, more generally known as Ohandd : a force of 1,000 horse and 40,000
foot is under his command. Btrdgafh which has a diamond mine and
where figured cloths and other stuffs are woven, is under his authoritj
It is but a short time since that, he wrested it from another chief. Wild
elephants abound.
About Bdsim is an indigenous race for the most part proud and
refractory called Hatkars : their force consists of 1,000 cavalry and 5,000
infantry^ Banjdrah is another Zamindari^ with 100 horse and 1,000 foot
At the present time it is under the authority of a woman. Both tribes
are R&jptits.
Mahor (Mahur, I. O.) is a fort of considerable strength situated on a
hill. Adjacent is a temple dedicated to DurgA^ known in this oountry as
Jagadathd, Here the buffaloes are of a fine breed and yield half a man
and more of milk. The Zaminddr is a Rajptit named Indrajeo and is en-
titled Bdnd. He commands 100 horse and 1,000 foot.
Mdnikdrug is a remarkable fort on a hill surrounded by eztensire
forests. It is near Ghandd^ but up to the present is independent territory.
Jitawpur is a village in the Sarkdr of Fdthriy where there is a thii?iiig
trade in jewels and other articles of value.
TeUngdnah was subject to Kufb u*l Mulk^ but for some time past has
been under the authority of the ruler of Berar.
In Indore and Normal there exist mines of steel and other metals.
Shapely stone utensils are also carven here. The breed of buffaloes is fine
and, strangely enough, the domestic cocks are observed to have bones and
blood of a black colour. A Zaminddr called Ohandnerif is Besmukh^ a man
of most distinguished character and who has a force of 300 horse. Mm-
ghar is a strong fort on a hill, enclosed by forests. Wild elephants are
numerous. It has not as yet been annexed to the empire.
Lundr is a division of Mahhary and a place of great sanctity. The
Brahmans call it Bishan Qayd. There are three Oayds^ where the per-
1 Warangal was the anoient capital
of this kingdom founded by the Nara-
pati Andhras which was also considered
to include the coast territory from the
month of the Ganges to that of the
Kistni known as Kalinga. No aocorate
historical record of it oocnrs before the
invasion of Ali n'd din in 1808. It con-
tinued with some intermptioiis nndar
Hindn rule till its remains were incorpo-
rated in the dominions of KnU $Q|1>
Bh^h the founder of the Entb Sh^hi
dynasty, in 1512 with Gefaonda seiii
capital. It was conquered by Anxnng-
sebinl688. I. G.
* Var, JapahM.
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231
formance of good works can be applied as a means of delirerance to tbe
flonls of deceased ancestors ; namely, Oayd in Behdr which is dedicated to
BrahmOy Oayd^ near Bijdpur dedicated to Budray^ and this one. Here is alsa
a rraervoir, having a spring in it of great depth, and measnring a hos in
length and in breadth, and surrounded hj lofty hills. The water is
brackish, but when taken from the centre or at its sides, it is sweet. It
contuns the essential materials for the manufacture of glass and soap
and saltpetre is here produced and yields a considerable revenue.
On the summit of a hill is a spring at the mouth of which is carved
Hbe figure of a bull. The water never flows from this spring to the other,
imt when the 30th lunar day' falls on a Monday, its stream flows into the
large reservoir. In the neighbourhood is a Zamtnddr called Wdilah of the
E^jpdt tribe, commanding 200 horse and 2,000 foot. Another is called
Sarkath, also a Rajput, and possesses 100 horse and 1,0C0 foot.
Batialah is a fort of considerable strength on a hill, of which Pafdl
Nagari is a dependency. In the sides of the hill twenty-four temples have
been cut, each containing remarkable idols. The Zamtnddr is Medni Bdo, a
Bijpdt, with 200 horse and 1,000 foot. Another is Kdrnjeo^ a Rijptit
having under him 100 horse and 1,000 foot.
This Suhah contains 16 sarkdrs and 142 jperganahs. From an early
period the revenues were taken by a valuation of crops, and since the
tankah of this country is equal to 8 of Delhi, the gross revenue was
^ krors of tankahs or 56 krora of ddma^ (Rs. 14,000,000). Some of the
Deccani princes increased the revenue to 37,525,350 tankahs. In the time
of Sultan Murad a further addition of 2,637,454 Berdri tankahs was made.
The total amounted to 40,162,704 Ber&ri tankahs. The original amount
and the additional increase were thus tabulated, the whole reaching the
amount of 642,603,272 Delhi ddms.
^ The ' Howler ' an epithet of Siva or
his inferior manifestation as a roaring
tempest.
* Amiwaa, see p. 17 of this volome.
^ This makes 16 ddms to the tankah.
In the revenue statement of Khiindesh,
the tankah is reckoned at 24 ddma. That
of Gajerat «> ^^ af a dam or 100 to the
rupee of 40 ddms. Bajley Hist, of Gnje-
Jtt, p. 6. If Prince Mnrad's increase bo
added to that of tbe Deccani princes,
the total gives 40,162,804 tinkahs. This
■nm moltipUed by 16 results in 642,604-
864 ddms. As 40 Akbari ddms are eqni-
yalent to a mpee, the above total repre-
sents 16,065,121 rupees. Under Akbar,
according to the I. G. the land tax
of Berdr was Es. 17,376,117. Under
Sh&h Jehan, Rs. 13,750,000, and under
Anrangzeb, 15,350,625, bnt the latter
amount, taken bj Mr. E. Thomas from
Manncoi, is g^ven by Tieffenthaler from
the same anthoritj as 10,587,500. See
his dissertation on the apparent inaoon*
racies of calculation in the registers of
the empire and their cause. Vol. I, p. 65.
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238
Bight perganah€ of the Saf^dir of KaXlam (Kalaml)) were annex-
ed to Okdudd^ the revenne of which is not included, nor thote of 22
fHBrganahs ^t the Sgarhar of Kherlah, held bj Chitwi and some few otber
Sarhdrof Odwil.
Contodning 46 pttrffonahs. Bevenne 134^666,140 dims. Svywrghdl
12,874,048 ddm$.
Sevenne
D.
Snjdrgbai
Thag^ov,
Bevenne
D.
Snyurgh^
8ab. dis. of EUioh-
6,600,000
p6r, has a fort of
Ohakhki,8(BBnj£ri8
■tone and briok
and Gonds. 400
on the plain,
14,000,000
2,800,000
Oav. 2,600 Inf.)...
2,400,000
...
Ashti, ...
4,800,000
...
Darylipur,
6,400,000
...
ArtJn, ...
8,200,000
•«•
Dh4m<5ri,
2,718 640
1,118,540
Anji,
1,600,000
...
Ridhptir, ...
6,400,000
...
AnjangAoi^, ...
S,200,000
•••
Barasgaov,
6,296,000
486,000
Karyit Bdbfl,l ...
604,000
...
Kabbah SedLU, ...
1,835,890
1,016.890
„ Biri, ..
114,368
82,868
Sarfl69,
4,8(X),000
•«•
Bah&dkaU,ft
8,200,000
•••
SM6r,«
840,000
•*.
Be4wad4,8
1,280,000
•.. '
Kary4t Sh^rpfir, ...
48,000
...
BasranU;
700,000
60,000
Earh&tba Kiiram,10
2,400,000
...
Palaskh^r,*
960,000
■1.
KhoUpur,
4^70,114
70.1U
Karyit TUn, (100
Kiranja, Badhon^U
Oar. 2000 Inf.
2mdbal8,
4,800,000
•••
(Jondfl.)
800,000
•••
Karanjg&09,9^b4h
Bardr, ...
1,280,000
...
Kherah, 2mahalR,
523,200
...
IgLa^bah Bab'g^?, ...
817,360
177,850
Kamargio^
640,000
*••
„ P<5Btah,6 .
914,460
594,460
KAranjfi Bibi,*« ...
4,200,000
1,400,000
Badhar&mani,^ ...
4,825,300
1,625,800
K6rhft,
4,800,000
••*
Te<58ah,7
800,000
Manah,
4,800,000
...
> For. Bel, Banel. T. Bih£i.
* T. Bhahancali. G. Baharkal^.
* Var, Be&daw4.
* Apparently PaUsgarh of the I. G.
* T. Bonssna. G. Boosnah.
* T. Barn^rapai. G. Bnbhenmiy. Vgif.
Badr&halL Babhar&ntL
* T. Bot<5sBa. G. Betnaeh.
* Var, Jakdki. Jakhli. G. Jnghnoky.
T. DjeaethL
' Var. Sal6d, and in one MS. BeTenoo
8»040,000.
^ Var. Eharigdram, Earsikdram. Ktr-
matkdram. G. Kehrjgurram. T. Oar-
nioooram.
" T. Madh<Sna. G. Bmdhola.
*• T. Pafci, G. Am7.
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233
Hanbah,!
MInjarkher,
Milkh^r,
Kuig1<$r,(Maiigr61)S
Kfirjbi,
Bevenne
800,000
6,400,000
480,000
2,800,000
4,800,000
Soyurg&hl
D.
Nandgion Pi(h,
Nnodgto^,
Parganah Nir,
HatgAov,
Bevenae
D.
6,638,826
3,200,000
3,200,000
1,600,000
Snjurghil.
233,826
1,600,000
Sarkdr of Panar,
Containing 5 Parganahs. Bevenue 13,440,000 Dams.
Revenue
8ab. dift. of Pan&r, has a lofty
■tone fort, Bnrroiinded on 8
rides by water, ... 4^000,000
Sewanbarh^ Kint Barh&, ... 640,000
Bfid, 10 horsemen, 400 foot, 1,600,00
Kh^jhari, 100 horsemen, 400
foot, R£jp<it,
M&ndg6o9 Karar, 25 horse,
400 foot Bijpdt,
Revenue
D.
2,400,000
4,800,000
Sarkdr of Kherlah.
Containing 35 Parganahs. Bevenne 17,600,000 Dams.
Revenue
Atn^r,3 has a stone fort on the
plain. Rijput, 100 horse,
2,000 foot, ... ... 3,200,000
Ashtah,Jiti£? ... ... 160,000
Patau, ... ... 1,200,000
Bh^sdahi, Rajput, 100 horse,
2,000 foot, ... ... 1,600,000
Ban5r, Chandji Mili(?) 20 horse,
600 foot, ... ... 2,800,000
Basad, (Misad), Brahman,
Gond, 10 horse, 100 foot, .. 480,000
Faoni, Bajput, 40 horse, 600
foot, ... ... 400,000
Suburb, dist. of Kherlah, Raj-
put, Loh&ri, Gond, 50 horse,
2,000 foot, ..
S&tner, Atner 2 mahals, Gond,
100 horse, 2,000 foot,
S&inkherah,
](JLa9bah Jar6r, ...
Mandoi,^ Brahman, Gond, 10
horse, 100 foot,
Mtiltii,
Durgah,^
Narangwari,^
Maldbil,
Revenue
D.
3,200,000
1,600,000
2,000,000
480,000
480,000
* G. Myna, T. Manrfr.
' Apparently an emendation in the
text. T. and G. have Maglor, Munalore.
Tor. Peti. Tappah. G. Tuppeh.
• G. and T. Amner.
30
* T. Mandoli. G. Mundonry.
» Var, Dadgah. Dukah.
• Nanakwiri. Manikdari. G. Do. T.
Tanekbari.
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234
m\6i,
Hangah,
Sewah,
J£mkh^r,
B^wali,
Sini,...
ChakhU,
W41dah,
Rerenne
D.
Biri,...
WAigio?,
Deo thinah,
Biri, ..
SaMi,
Rimjok,
JaQ&bak,^
Jom&r,^
Habiyipiir,^
Rerenne
Sarkdr of Narndlah,
Containing 34 Parganahs, Revenue 130,954,476 Dams.
SnyurgUl 11,038,422 Bdim.
Bevenae
Snyurgh&l.
Eevenne
Snyiii^hil.
D.
D.
DhAr<5r,
D.
D.
Ankdfc,
6,470,066
70,066
1,200,000
•••
Adgion, Dogar,
Dh^ndd,
5,600,000
...
Gond, 60 horse,
Eohankher,
2,000,000
2000 foot,
8,000,000
•••
Rdj6r,
1,000,000
62oi0W
Amner and Jalpi, 2
Sheola,7
640,000
...
mahals,
4,800,000
•«•
Sh^rpur,
48,000
...
Aiig61ah,
11,200,000
•••
Karankh^r,
2,400,000
800,040
Bslapur,
22,000,000
8,800,000
Kothal.
1,409,000
209,000
Panjar,
2,000,000
,,,
K6thli,
640,000
.-
Bdrei T£nkU,6 ...
2,864,000
,.,
Mang4on,9
4,800,000
...
Pigalgdov,
2,400,000
...
Mah^n,«
600,000
280,000
P^tar Shaikh B£bii
3,700,000
600,000
Malklpiir,
11,200,000
...
](a?bah Barig&o^,...
1,600,000
640,000
Melgarh, (from pro-
Patarrah,
8,342,500
1,262,500
ceeds of road tolls
Banbahar,
1,568,000
618,000
or safe-oondQot
Badn^r BhiSli, ...
2,764,450
364,462
passports.
94,360
...
Badner Kinka,* ...
4,813,700
13,800
Karyfet IUj6r, ...
400,000
170,366
Jalgao9,
10,000,000
2,000,000
Niddrah. (Nindd-
Jaipur,
400,000
•••
rah).10
1,200.000
...
Ch4nd6r,
4,887,000 87,000
^a9bah Hatgo&9,ll
1,500,000
300,000
* Far. and T. Kenaur.
* Var. Hatdpak, Han&mak. Halbitak.
Jan&nak. T. Jinak.
' Chamar. G. Chopar.
* Var. and G. Hdmiyanp£r.
» T. Panabakhi. G. Partahkulsy.
* T. Ganga.
^ Var, and T. Seuola.
• Var. Maigion. Mahagioi?, Maligio^
• J. and Var. Mahfr.
*• T. MadArodra. G. Madroodreh.
" T. Nitgnon. G. Hastgiou Fflf.
Hastgio^, Bfstgao^.
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235
Sarhdr of Kallam (Kalamb),
Containing 31 Parganahs. Revenue 32,828,000 Ddms in money.
Bevenue
BeTonne
D.
D.
I'nd6ii,
..• •
.. 1,200,000
Kafbah Kallam,
600,000
Dmrfoti.
...
.. 1,200,000
KhelipCir,
1,200,000
I'm.'...
...
. 1,600,000
lMkh6t.
1,600,000
Wiak,
••• •
. 8,600,000
N4igi09,
960,000
BAri,...
• •> •
.. 1,200,000
Naohangio^Y
640,000
im,
...
.. 2,800,000
TtiiitLolUW,8 ...
128,000
■hSgi^
... •
100,000
Tark Chluidi,4 (in the poasea-
mghf, Waigioy,
. 4,800,000
sion of a Zaminddr),
Wiigw.
• .. •
. 1,600,000
MalWri,
Migio?,«
...
. 200,000
Chanddr,
Sflor,
...
. 8,200,000
Lahab&tf,
Utht,
... .
.. 960,000
Sarhdr of Bdsim.
Containing 8 Parganahs. Revenue 32,625,250 Ddms in money.
Suyurghdl 1,825,250.
Aondah, •••
Suburb, diat. of B4-
rim, Bajpdt, 100
hone, 1,000 foot,
B4thf,
Bevenue
D.
4,864,000
8,161,250
2,400,000
Snydrgahl
D.
64,000
161,260
Chir Thinah,
Kalambnh "Sin, ...
Karari and B4mni,B
Ifangldr, —
Ifarai,...
Berenne
D.
4,800,000
8,200,000
1,200,000
8,200,000
4,800,000
Sayiirgh&l
D.
1,600,000
Sarhdr of MdJwr,
Containing 20 Parganaha. Revenue 42,885,444 Ddmt in money.
Suyurghdl 97,844 Dams.
Bevenne
Bevenne
D.
D.
AMingah, ... ... 960,000
Fnsihfi ... ... 4,000,000
AmarKher, ... ... 6,400,000
TAmsi, ... ... 2,177,844
« T. Bni. G. Jyni.
in one MS. Two other have, Bark
•T. Baigaott. G. Banygong.
Oh4nd. Bark Hind. G. Barkehond. T.
' T. Nobat-Lokar. G. Nonittowhiri.
Narectchand.
7^. NonitolohM. No44loh4ra.
* Vmr, and G. Damni.
* Doabtfal. This aentence found only
« T. and G. Bonsaa, Booaeh.
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Bevenne
RefeniM
D.
D.
Chakhni,!
8,200,000
Se6m,8
64,000
Chikjh<5U,
2,400,000
OanSli,
... 8,200.000
Suburb, dist. of MAhdr, with
Khen<5(,
... 1,300,000
KMbah, of S6rah,t Su^-
Koralh,
... 480,000
9fcaZ 97,844^ ...
8,680,000
M^ttM
... 2,400,000
Dhirwah,
2,400,000
Mahgiov,
... 1,600,000
Dhftnki,
820,000
NliucULp^,B
... 2,000,000
SewiUiiy •.• ...
2,400,000
Hald Badhon4,6
...
Barkdr of Madiknrug,
Containing 8 Parganahs. Beyenne 14,400,000 Ddma in money.
Bahiwal,
Bh&u,
Gh&nd6r,
Jiir, ...
Bevenue
D.
8,400,000
RijiJr,
2,000,000
Kara(b,
2,400,000
Nfr, ...
1,600,000
Berenne
D.
2,400/)00
2,000,000
1,600,000
Barhdr of Pathri.
Containing 18 Pargancihs. Revenne 80,805,954 D&ma in money.
Buy^ryhdl 11,580,954 Mma.
Bevenue
Suyfirghil
Bevenue
Suj^ighfl
D.
D.
D.
D.
Ardh4piir,
1,600,000
•
...
Jahri,...
1,600,000
400.000
Suburban district of
8e61i, ...
8,600,000
1,200,000
Pathri,
26,114,740
6,014,740
K68ri,...
8,200,000
...
Parbani,7
8,000,000
L^hg4o9,
4,800,000
1,600,000
PiLuohalgao^,
2,000,000
Makat Madhkher,!!
2,400,000
Balhdr,
2,400,000
Mfttargiov,
480,000
leo^ooo
Basamt,
11,200,000
Nand^r,
6,871,208
471,209
Bttr,8...
160.000
Wae^,...
400,000
...
T4nkali,«
640,000
H4A
1,200,000
240,000
Jant6r,lO
3,600,000
1,200,000
» Var, and T. ChakhU. G. Jughely.
* Var. and 6. DahB6r and Siirah.
• T. Sorli. G. Sooretj. Var. Seorli,
Surati.
* Var, Manth. Kahanth. G. Mahen-
teh. In maps Se^h, (note).
• Var. Niw£p6r, NWipur. T. Nay£-
p(ir. G. Nadapur.
* Var. Honi Haldand. Haldboia.
Haldand Nauna. G. Huldbota.
* G. Burree. T. BaraL Vur. Parti.
* Var' Biror.
' T. and G. Bfcnoali, Bungallj.
>* T. Tachetor. G. Ohitore.
'' For. H. Badhkb^r.
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237
Sarkdr of Telingdnah.
Containing 19 Parganahs. Bevenne 71,904,000 Dams in money.
Suyurghdl 6,600,000 Dams.
Bevenae
Eevenae
D.
D.
rnAJr,
4,800,000
Karj^ KhncULwand Khin, ... 640,000
Uhh,
800,000
Dhakwdr, ... ... 96
B4aan,l Suy^^uU 4,400,000,
8,000,000
Uj6r,8uykrghdlBOOfiOO ... 1,600,000
mmt, B^M^ghdl 400,000 ...
1,600,000
K6tglr,* auy4rghdl 1,000,000, 2,200.000
Bhi88,8
6,400,000
Kharkli, ... ... 6,400,000
Bllb^di,
6,400,0Q0
Kosampaltah, ... ... 664,000
Bimgal,
2,400,000
Lfihgio^ ... ... 11,200,000
l«Bor£,8
8,200,000
Madh<51, ... ... 6,400,000
BIAap,
1,600,000
Narmal, ... ... 6,400,000
ft«finu,
1,600,000
8arMr of Bdngl
iar (Bdmghar),
Containing 5 Parganahs, Revenue 9,600,000 Ddms in money.
Revenae
Bevenne
D.
D.
Bil*rab,
800,000
Khandwah,B ^. ... 2,240,000
8obQb. dist. of Bamgbar, ...
2,560,000
M6lMarg,« ... ... 800,000
Chfcdr,
8,200,000
Sarhdr of MahJear,
Containing 4 Parganahs, Bevenne 45,178,000 Ddmis in money.
Suyurghal 376,000 Ddms,
Bevenne
Suburban distriot of Mahkar, 7
diTinons,
D.
2,660,000
7,200,000
D^walg&o?,
Sakkar Kh^rlah, Suy4rghal
876,000,
Sarhdr of Batidlah^ (PitdlwdH).
Containing 9 Parganahs, Revenue 19,120,000 Ddms.
Suywrghal 4,800,000 Ddms.
Bevenne
D.
400,000
40,000
BatUlabS B&ri,
Ch&nd<5ri
Bevenne
D.
5,600,000
6,776,000
Bevenne
D.
1,200,000
1,280,000
* For. Btiran.
' Tar. and G. BbfldL T. Bb&nsl
* For. and G. P6nori.
* For. T. and G. Kapk6t, Garkdt.
•for.andG. Kandhad.
• Var, G. and T. Maig M<S1.
• G* Snmmemj. T. Sehamarli.
• G. Pnttyaleh. T. Paniala.
• Var, Ab4d£n. At4w4n. G. Atawan.
T. Abav&n.
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HeTenoe
D.
Qedni,
... 640,000
Sindlad Birah,S
... 1,600,000
Beyenne
D.
Chakhb*, ... ... 2,000,000
DahW,l ... ... 4,800,000
Dahiw&f,« ... ... 2,600,000
This province was dependent on the ruler of the Deccan. During the
reign of Sult&n Ma^dd, five Sarddrs rebelled and kept him under re-
straint, and the sovereignty was assumed by Fa(^ u'l lah who had held the
office of Im^ u'l Mulk.^ He ruled but four years. At his death, his
son AU u'd din, took the same title and reigned 40 years. His son
Daryd Kh&n succeeded, and enjoyed the government for 15 years. After
him, his son, Burh&n a minor, was raised to the throne, but the nobles
perfidiously usurped the administration, till Murtaza Niz&m u*l Hulk
conquered and annexed the country to Ahmadnagar.
Suhdh of Oujdrat (Ouzerdt),
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from Burhdnpur to
» ror. T. and G. Dahi.
* Far. Dahfewar.
* G. Sownlapara. T. Salvar Bara.
* |miul a'l Mnlk one of the oldest of
the Bahmani ministers had been appoint-
ed to the government of Ber£r by Mu-
hammad Shih n of the Bahmani djnasty
(A. D. 1463—1482) nnder the advice of
his prime minister Ma^mdd Giiwan, to
whom this dynasty owed its splendour,
and which perished at his death. Ma^-
mild II (A. D. 1482—1618) for a period
of 87 years was content with the nomi-
nal sovereignty leaving the real power
in the hands of K'asim Band and his son
Amir, the founder of the Barid Sh4hi
dynasty of AJ|>med4b&d. The Bahmani
kingdom was now broken up into five
independent sovereignties, via., the Barfd
Shahi, the Aidil Sh&hi of Bijipur, the
Kiz&m Shahi of Abmadnagar, the Ku^b
Shihiof Ooloondaand the fm&d Shilhi
of Ber&r. Imid u'l Mulk, in the general
anarchy seised the government which
had been eatrosted to him and declared
his independence in A. D. 1484. The
succession is thus given in the U. T.
A. D.
1484. Fath tt'l lah Bahmani, gor^nff
of Berir, became independent
. AU u'd din, Im&d Shih, fixed hii
capital at (Hwel.
1628. Darya Imid Shih, married bis
daughter to Hasan Nisam Shih.
. Burhin Imild Shah, deposed by
his ministers.
«
1668. Tufal, whose usurpation opposed
from Al^madnagar and family
of Imild Sh&h and Tuf il extin-
guished. In the appendix to
Elphinstone's Hist, of India,
(Edit. CoweU 1866) the dates
are as f ollo?rs :^
A.D.
Fatah iniah, ... 1484
Aliu'ddfn,... ... 1604
Derya (about), ... 1629
Burh£n (perhaps), ... 1660
During the minority of Burhin, his prime
minister, Tuf 41 usurped the gotermneat
and the State merged in that of Ahmad-
nagar in A. D. 1572 A. H.
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Je/ga£^ is 302 ho8 ; its breadth from Jal6r to the post o! Damarfi 260 kosy and
from Edaf^ to Kambhdyat (Cambay) 70 kos. On the east lies Khdndes ;
to the north Jalor and Ed(vr ; to the south, the port of Daman and
Kambhajat, and on the west, Jagat which is on the seashore. Mountains rise
towards the south. Is is watered by noble rivers. Besides the ooean, there
ore the Sdbarmatti (Savamamati), the BatraJc, the Mahendri^ the Nar*
laddhy the Tapti^ the Sa^aswoH, and two springs called Oangah and Jamnah.
The climate is temperate and turning the sandy character of the soil pre-
vents it from turning into mud in the rainy season. The staple crops are
Jowariy and Bdjrahy^ which form the principal food of the people. The spring
iiarvest is inconsiderable. Wheat and some food grains^ are imported from
Udltoah and Ajmer, and rice from the Deccan. Assessment is chiefly by
nloation of crops, survey being seldom resorted to. The prickly pear is
planted round fields and about gardens and makes a goodly fence, for this
reason the country is difficult to traverse. From the numerous groves of
mango and other trees it may be said to resemble a garden. From Pattan^ to
Barodah which is a distance of a 100 koa, groves of mango yield ripe and
sweet fruit. Some kinds are sweet even when unripe. Fine figs grow
here and musk-melons are delicious in flavour both in snmmer and winter,
and are abundant during two months in both seasons. The grapes are
only moderate in quantity : flowers and fruit in great plenty. From the
thick growth of forest sport is not satisfactory. Leopards^ abound in
the wilds.
The roofs of houses are usually of tiles and the walls of burnt brick
and lime. Some prudently prepare the foundations of stone, and of consider-
able breadth, while the walls have hollow spaces between, to which they
kave secret access. The usual vehicles are two-wheeled drawn by two
• Dwarka in KAthiaw&r. Lat. 22° 14'
20"N.,andloiig.69°6'B.
' The Portngnese town and settlement
on the Golf of Cambay, lat. 22*'25'N.,
long. 72 53' B.
■ Lat. 23° SC N., long. 73° 4' B., 64
miles N. B. of Ahmed&bid, traditionally
Imown as Ildrug.
* Tanicvm Bpicatwm.
* For ^j^ Gladwin and the S. nl M.
'oad >^ barley. .
• I. G. Anhilwira Pattan, lat. 23° 51'
30" N., long. 72° 10' 30" E. on the Sara-
Bwati, one of the oldest and most re-
nowned towns of Gujarat.
* The term Jyi is employed in A'^n
27 and 28 Vol. I, (Book II) for leopards
generally incIndlDg the hunting leopard,
(P. Jnbata), being used indifferently with
the common name for the latter, chitd.
The jP. Juhata is said to be a native only
of the Deccan, but as Akbar hunted and
caught leopards in the neighbourhood of
Agra, and trained them to take deer, it
would seem that the ordinary panther
(F. Fardus) is capable of such training.
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240
oxen. Painters, seal-engravers and other handicraftsmen are ootintlett.
They inlay mother-o'-pearl with great skill and make beantifnl hoxes and
inkstands. Stnfb worked with gold thread and of the kinds Ohirahf
Folah} Jdmahtodr, Khardy and yelyets and brocades are here skilfollj
mannfactured. Imitations of stnfEs from Turkey, Europe, and Persia are
also produced. They make likewise excellent swords and daggers of tiie
kinds Jamdhar^ and Xhapwah, and bows and arrows. There is a brisk
trade in jewelry and silver is imported from Turkey and Ir4^.
At first Pattan^ was the capital of the province, next Ohampdn^ and
at the present day, Ahmaddbad, The latter is a noble city in a high stato
of prosperity, situated on the banks of the Sdbarmatti. It lies in latitude
25^.^ For the pleasantness of its climate and its display of the choicest
productions of the whole globe it is almost unrivalled. It has two forts,
outside of which are 360 quarters of a special kind which they call
Tordhy^ in each of which all the requisites of a city are ta be found. At
the present time only 84 of these are flourishing. The city contains 1,000
stone mosques, each having two minarets and rare inscriptions. In tbe
BaMdbdd Porah is the tomb of Shdh Adlam B6khdr%> Bafwali^ is a
> See p. 49, (note 2) Vol. II, Book III,
and pp. 98—96 of Vol. I, B. I. Chirah
is a parti-coloared clofch ased for turbans.
Jdmawdr, is a kind of flowered woollen
BtnfC, well known, Khdrd an undulated
silk oloth.
« See p. 110, Vol. I, Book I.
* Of Buooessive dynasties of Rijpiit
kings from 746 to 1194 A. D. Ghampdner
was taken by Ma^miid (Bigarah) of
Ahmadib^ after a siege, it is said, of
12 years and was made his capital and
continued to be that of the Gujar&t kings
till about 1560 A. D. I. G.
♦ Lat. 28** 1' 45" N., long. 72° 38' 80" B.
The Emperor Aurangzeb hsid a different
opinion of its olimate and called it among
other abusive epithets, Jahannumabid
or the Abode of Hell. See Bayley, p. 91.
• A quarter or ward of a town, having
its own gateway. The I. G. has pol and
describes it as a blook of houses varying
in size from small courts of 5 or 10, to
large quarters of the city containing as
many as 10,000 inhabitants. The laigs
blocks are generally crossed by one main
streel with a gate at each end and sub-
divided into smaller blooks each with
its separate gate branching off from
the chief thoroughfare.
• See Vol. I, p. 547 and Bayley's HUt.
of Gujarat.
' The text has Fatwah, the variant
Batwah being relegated to the notes, hut
the best authorities concur in the Isttor
reading. For Ku^b-i-Aalam, see Bsyiey,
p. 128, and Briggs' cities of Gujarasbtra,
p. 292. Regarding the lithoxyle over
the tombi Briggs writes that one of the
legends given him concerning it is that
Ku(b-i-Ailam on a journey to his masjid
tripped against a stone and piokingit
up, said, ** Can this be stone, wood or
iron ?'* and the combination ensued. A-
visitor who had preceded Briggs on a visit
to this place wrote to him as follows : " The
size mentioned by Abul Fazl is correct.
The stone is not now on the sepolobre
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village 3 kos from Ahmaddbdd where are the tombs of Kufh-t^Adlam father
of 8hdh Adlam, and of other eminent personages. In the vicinity are fine
gardens. Over the tomb is suspended a covering of abont the measure of
a cnbit, partly of wood, partly of stone and a part also of iron, regarding
which they relate wonderful stories. At a distance of three kos is the
village of SarJchech (Sarkhej) where repose Shaikh Ahmad Khaftu^^ 8ul(dn
Ahmad after whom Ahmaddbdd is named, and many other princes. Indigo
of good quality is here grown and exported to Turkey and other countries.
Twelve kos from A^mad&b^ is Mahmuddbdd a city founded by Sulfan
Mahiud in which are beautiful buildings extending to an area of 4 koF
sqaare. The whole is surrounded by a wall and at every half kos is a
pleasure house and a preserve in which deer and other kinds of game are at
krge.
The chief of Edar is a Zaminddr' named Hardin JDds, and of such
austere life that he first feeds his cattle with corn and then picks up the
grains from their dung and makes this his food, a sustenance held in
much esteem by the Brdhmans. He is regarded as the head of the Bdthor
tribe and has a following of 500 horse and 10,000 foot.
The ports of Ohogah^ and Kambhdyat (Cambay) are included in this
Sarkdr, The latter is a large city where merchants of divers kinds reside
uid wherein are fine buildings and much merchandise. Vessels sail from
and trade to Ohogah. The cargoes^ are pnt into small ships called Tdwari
which transport them to Kambhdyat.
bat deposited in the chief Said's house.
Qreat rererexice is paid to it and on snch
occasions as visitors desire to see it, it
is produced nnder a covering of brocade.
It appears to be petrified wood, the barky
part gives it the appearance of iron oxy-
dised; that portion where it has been
chipped by the hand of Akbar when he
Tisited Batwa (according to the Abbot
of the commnnity) shews the fibre or
rein of the wood ; and upon the opposite
side, where it seems to have been groand
crosswise, it bears the appearance of
•tone/'
* See Vol. I, p. 607 and Bayley's Hist.
of OojaHlt, pp. 90 and 130. A descrip-
^bn of these mansolenms will be fonnd
31
in Messrs. Hope and Fergosson's ** Aroh-
tectnre of AhmediLbid." London Murray,
1866. Khattu is one of the towns in th(>
Sarkir of N£g6r. Of. Briggs* cities of
Gujarashtra, p. 275.
• Commonly Oogo in Kithiiwfir on
the Gulf of Cambay in lat. 21'' 39' 30" N.,
long. 72° 21' B. For its history, see
Briggs, " Cities of Gnjarashtra/' p. 281
• A misspelling in a word of the true
reading has misled the Editor who hae
amended conjecturally an incorrect vari-
ant The MS. [ cA ] is correct if a ddl
be substituted for the ultimate wdo in
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In Kari are fine oxen, a pair being worth 300 rnpees, and according
to their shapeliness, strength and speed fetching even a larger price.
Jhdlwdrah^ was formerly a separate principality containing 1200 villages.
Its length is 70 kos and its breadth 40. It famished 10,000 horse and the
same nnmber of infantry. Now it possesses but 2,000 horse and 3,000 foot.
Its ruler was subject to the king of Gujardt. It formed four divisions,
the inhabitants mostly of the Jhdlah tribe of Rijpdts. At the prAsent day
it is accounted a Parganah of A))imaddb&d, and its villages and districts are
summarized in the following table.
Great JhaHAjowrah contains Birdmgdon^ residence of the chief, HaUd^
Badhwdn, K6\a^ Darang Darah^^ Bijdnd^ Pdtri which has a salt-pit, Sahdld,
Barodah, Jhinjhuwdrd^ Sanjwn^* VhtUhar, Man4al'
Parganaha of Machhukhantd contain Morhi,^ Bdmpur, Tanhdrd,^ Khan-
jaridy Malta^y Kazor^^ in the vicinity of which pearls are foond, Dhamart
Amrdl.
Parganaha of Jdmhuji contain Jdmhu. Limri^ 8idn%.
Parganaha of Jombaai,^ chief seat of the Parmdr^^ tribe contain lf(Wt,
with 36 villages and Chotild with 55" villages. Now Morhi with 7 districtg
is included in Sorath
Pattan has two forts, one of stone and one of brick. It lies in long
117° 10', lat 23° 30'.w It produces fine oxen that will travel 50 iwin
half a day. Good cotton cloths are here woven and are taken to disUnt
parte as gifts of value.
Sidhpwr^^ is a town on the Sarsuti and a great place of pilgrimage.
Barnagar is a large and ancient city and containing 3000 pagodas,
near each of which is a tank; it is chiefly inhabited by Brdhmans.
OhdmpdnSr is a finely situated fort on a crag of great height ;** the
* JhaUw&r, aooording to the I. G. in
KathiawAr.
* T. PBTmgiox^,
• Var. and T. DIngdarah.
♦ Var, Senjini, T. Soheohnna.
» Far. Mopli.
• T. Tekdra.
' T. Milna.
* Var. Ka^ror, Ka8r<5z, Kfrdr. T. Gar-
var.
• Var, Jambi-Jdmsi. Evidently Jto-
bnsar. Lat 22^ 8' SC' N., long. 72° 51'
30" B., in Broach District.
'• Var, Riyir, Rabdr. T. Parhsr. I. G.
Purmdr. Sometimes written Pramara
which has been shortened or oorraptel
into Puar.
»• According to the I G. 86.
•• Long. 72° IC 30" E., lat. 93° 61'
80" B.
«• In Baroda State. Lat. 23° 66' 80"
N., long. 72° 26' B.
'* Tiefifenthaler states that the for-
tress on the sommit of the hill is called
Pauaghar and the town at its foot Chim-
p&ner.
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ftpproach to it for two tcos and a half is extremely difficult. Oates have
been posted at intervals. At one place a catting about 60 yards long has
been made across which planks are laid which can be removed when
necessity arises. Fine fruits abound.
SurcU is a celebrated port. The river Tapti runs by it and at a dis-
tance oil hoe thence, falls into the sea.
Mner^ on the opposite side of the Tajpti is a port dependent on Surai ;
it was formerly a large city. The ports of Khandiwi and BaUdr also
are a part of the Surat division. Numerous fruits abound especially the
pine apple, and oils of all kinds and rare perfumes are obtainable. The
followers of Zoroaster coming from Persia, settled here. They follow
the teaching of the Zend and the Pdzend, and erect funeral structures.*
Thns through the wide tolerance of His Majesty every sect enjoys freedom.
Ilirongh the negligence of the ministers of state and the commanders of
the frontier provinces, many of these Sarkdrs are in the possession of
European nations, such as Baman^ Sanj&n^ Tdrdpur, Mdhim and Bas6
(Bassein) that are both cities and ports.
Bharqj (Broach) has a fine fort. The Narhadah flows past it in its
course to the ocean. It is accounted a maritime town of first rate im-
portance, and the ports of Kdm, Ohandhdr, Bhdbhut and Bhankord* are
its dependencies.
Near the town of EdnsSt is a game preserve S koe in length by 4 in
breadth, full of deer and other animals. The cover is rich and fresh
with verdure, being situated on the banks of Narhadah and is perfectly level.
The Sarkar of SSrath^ was an independent territory, having a force of
50,000 cavalry and 100,000 infantry, the ruling tribe being OheloL Its
* I. 6. R4nd^r, said to have been a
place of importance about the beginning
rf the Chriatian era when Broaoh waa
the chief seat of commerce in Western
India.
' From the nnmber and antiqnitj of
the Towers of Silence at Broach, the
Pinis are supposed to have settled there
in the 11th century. I. G.
' A small village in Th4n£ (Tanna)
Dist., where the Parsis first landed in
India, known to the Portngnese and long
rffcer their time as St. John. I. G. The
text has «^ after ^Lo which is liable
to misinterpretation. Bassein is un-
doabtedlj meant as all these places
are in or abont the Thana Dist. My
view is confirmed by Gladwin and Trieff.
Bay ley (p. 18) makes Bas^ synony-
mons with Bassein.
« Var. Bhak<5rl. Bhak6r. In 1820,
according to the I. G. there were 6 sea-
ports, vui.f Degam, Tankiri^ Ghandhar,
Dehej, and Broach. Bayley g^ves Bhako-
rah as a village on the frontier of Gajarat.
• The old name for Katbiawar, or
Snr^htra, known to the Greeks and
Roman under the name of 'Zavpafn-f^vji^
and Prakritised in that of Seraph which
is to this day the name of a large district
100 miles in length in the south-west.
T. G. See also Ano. Geog. Ind., p. 824.
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length from the port of Ohogah (Gogo) to that of Ardmrdt^ is 125 hot; it«
breadth from Sardhdr to the seaport of Diu, 72 koi. On the east it is bound-
ed bj Ahmaddbdd; on the north bj the State of Kachh (Catch) ; on the
sonth and west by the (Indian) Ocean. Its climate is healthy, its fraite
and flowers nnmerons and grapes and melons grow here. This terntory
is divided into 9 districts each inhabited by a different tribe, as follows:^
Parganahs of new Sorafh,
Junahgafh with suburban district, Sultdnpur^Barwa^ Hdnsdwar, Ohawra
Bdmpur, KandSlnd,^ Hast Jati,^ Ifnrf,^ JBagsard, Mahandrdd,^ Bhdnir^,^
and others.
Parganahs of old Sorafh, called Ndghar.^
Pattan Somndth, Atmah^ Belwdrah^ Mangldr, Korindr^ Mil Mahddeo,
Ghdrwdty Biu, &c.
Parganahs of Oohelwdrah.
Lathi, Luliydnah^ Bhimpur,^^ Jasdhon}^ Mdndwi, Birdi^^ Sehdr,
Parganahs of Wdldh.^^
Mohtoah, Talajd, Pdlitdnah, &c.
Parganahs of Bddhdlah.
Jagat (called Dw&rki), Ardmrde, DhdrhO*
Parganahs of Barrd, (Berda ?)
Barri, G6mH,» Ac.
Parganahs of the BdghiUM^ tribe.
8<yrdhdr, Oondhal (Gondal 1. G.), Bdyet, Bhdnah, Ac.
Farganahs of the Wdji in the tmcuUivated tracts,
Jhdnjhmer,
* T. Rimri. Bayley places it 10 Icoa
from Jagat nnder the name of Ar&mah
with Bereral variant spellings, p. 196. I
find no mention of Sardh&r in the maps
nor in Bayley. If the Dhir frontier is
meant it most have been mnch more
extended than it is at present.
• Var. Sarwa.
■ Var, KandollUL
♦ Var. Jagi, ChAni.
» Var. Unah. T. Adand : probably
Unah which Bayley places near Din.
* Var. Mahadra. T. Mahandra.
* Var. Banar6z. T. Batianrdr.
• For. and T. Bakhar.
* T. Banliana.
"• Var. and T. Bhimran.
^ I. G. Jaedin.
" T. Saral.
*• I. G. Wala.
** A note Boggests, Sanldidhir. Per-
haps Dhari.
'• So the tejct, following, as a note
says, the maps, bnt MSS. hare Bfimll
I. G. Ghnmli.
le The I. G. (I. 660) calls this daa
Wigh^i a tribe of Rajpdte, a remnant
of the SoUnki race who fled from Anhil*
w&rah when that kingdom was destroyed
by by Ali n'd din in A. D. 1297.
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Parganahs of the Timh^ tribe.
Not assigned in any of the MSS.
The first district known as New Sorafh had remained unexplored on
account of the impenetrable natare of the forests and the intricate windings
o! the mountains. A reclnse by chance foand his wa^ into it and through
him a knowledge of it was gained. Here is the celebrated stone fortress of
Mnahgafh which Sul^in M&l^mdd,^ T, captured by force of arms and at
the foot of it built another fort of stone. At a distance of 8 kos is the fort of
Osam^ on the summit of a hill ; it has now fallen into decay, but is worthy of
restoration. There is also another stronghold on the summit of the hill
of Qimdl in which are many springs, a place of worship of the Jains.
Adjacent is the port of Kondi KoUydt^ which derives its name from two
villages at a distance of one kos from it. In the rear of Junahgafh is
&& island called Sidlkokah^ 4 kos in length by 4 in breadth, adjacent
to which is a forest,' 3 kos square, where wild fruits grow and where
there is a settlement of Kolis. This tract is called Oir. Near the
▼illage of TunkdgSsha^^ the river Bhddar falls into ocean. Its fish are so
delicate that they melt when exposed to the sun. Good camels are here ob-
tainable and a breed of horses somewhat larger than the Ouf (Gdnth).'''
In the second district is Pat tan, a city on the seashore possessing a
rtone fort. This they call PcUtan Somndtk. It is both a capacious harbour
sad a town having nine^ stone towers on the plain, within an area of
* Bigarahof Gajarit. One derivation
of this name is its snppoeed meaning; of
two fort€ (garh) because Ma^^m^d's army
oonqnered on one day Gh&mp&ner and
J6nahgarh, Vol. I, p. 606, n. According
to T. Junahgaph signifies the ancient
fort, because it was long concealed in
the dense forest and discovered by a
wood cntter. The legend mns that
1600 years elapsed from its discovery to
the time of Mindalik from whom Mii|^-
n^ wrested the fortress, ^^ee Bayley's
Hiflt. of GnjaWit, pp. 161—182, for the
derivation of the name.
' For and G. Adham. T. has both
names. The I. G. gives the name to a
MU near Gimil.
' For. and G. Kondi or Gondilakiy&t.
^T.Sialgoga.
* T. calls this forest Navanagor ; Ber-
Qo&m suggests that it belongs to Nava«
nagar. The latter is a State on the S.
shore of the Gnlf of Oatoh.
* A note says Tunhragosd^ in the
maps. There are two rivers of the name
of Bhidar $ one rises in the MiLndav hills
and flowing S. W. falls into the sea at
Nawi- Bandar afters a conrse of 11 6 m iles *
Another from the same hills, flowing E.
falls into the Gnlf of Oambay. The
K61iB (or Coolies of Kennel and Coalis
of M. Anqaetil) are a predatory tribe
and their distribution is not confined to
a single provinc-e. They were spread
over the coantry between Cambay and
Ahmadab^ and the well-wooded country
afforded them a refuge from attack.
» See Vol. I, p 133.
' Gladwin has turned those words into
a name whioh mistranslation I notice as
it has been adopted by Count von Noer
in his monograph on Akbar, p. 98. (Mrs-
Beveridge's Transl.) The Diwin of
Junagarh, Haridis Viharidas, has coor-
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three kos on the sea shore. Good swords are made here, there being a well
in the vicinity the water of which gives them a keen edge.
The ports of Manglor} Diu Purhandar, Korindr, A^madpur and Muzaffa-
rdbdd are abont this coast. A spring of the Sarsnti ( Saras wati*) rises near
Somndth. The Brahminical shrines are numerons, but among these Bom-
ndth, Pardnchif and Korindr are accoanted among the most sacred. Be-
tween the rivers Haran and Sarsuti about 4,000 years ago, 560,000,000
of the Yadu race while engaged in sport and merriment, fell to fighting
and all of them perished in that field of death, and wonderful are the
legends that they relate.* Two and a half kos from Faff an Somndth is
JBMl ka TirathS (or the shrine of the Arrow). In this place an arrow
struck Sri Eashn and buried itself under a pipal tree on the banks of the
SarsuH. This they call Ptpal sir, and both these spots are held in great
veneration. An extraordinary event occurs at the town of Mul Mahadeo
where there is a temple dedicated to S^iva. Every year on a certain daj
before the rainy season, a bird called Mukifi appears. It is somewhat
smaller than pigeon, with a coarser beak and pied in colour. It alights
teonsly given me the benefit of his local
knowledge. The new temple and the
mins of the old are within the fort
which was inhabited chiefly by the
attendants of the shrine, the population
liring in the environs forming the town.
Pattan is said to have had three walls
and hence named Trigadhi, The length
of the present walls covers nearly two
miles. The fort had or has 10 towers or
bastions of which 8 are existing and two
are in rains.
* The I. G. gives Mangrol. The text,
unites Din and Pnrbandar (elsewhere
Porbandar) in one name, as Somnith is
called Deo Pattan, bnt it is probable
that the port of Din was intended by
Abnl Fazl.
* This river rises in Monnt Aba and
enters the Rnnn of Catch, though a part
of its course near Sidhpur and Patau
towns, is said to be subterranean. If
the sacred river of the Punjab that rises
in the Sirmur hills be intended, this
stream after its junction with the Ghag-
gar, is said in ancient times to have flow-
ed through BAjputana into the Indus.
Its reputation as the Arethusa of the
Hindus, will account for its appeanooe
wherever the sanctity of a shrine teqoses
it.
• Wonderful, indeed, if they can beat
this.
• Apparently the Bhdt Kund of the
I. G. Todhisthira after the slaughter of
the 56 tribes of the Tadu race on the
field of Kurukshetra and the death of
Duryodhana, in grief at the loss of bo
many kinsmen, placed Parikshita on the
throne of Indraprastha, and retired with
Krishna and Baldeo to Dwarka. They
were attacked by the Bhils and Krishna
was slain. Baldeo founded the city of
Patalibotra or Patna.
• Or Makh. In a work called ^^aki^:«t.
i-Hindustin, the word is 8ahh or Bvkh,
G. has Beekh, but much of this narrstire
he has misunderstood. The name how-
ever, is of minor importance ; the loss
of the species must to the naturalist,
be a regret, to the meteorological De-
partment, a calamity. See Bayley, p*
197, who records this event and places it
in the village of Madhdpur.
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on the temple, disports itself for a while, and then rolls over and dies.
On this day, the people of the city assemble and bum various kinds of
perfame and from the proportions of black and white in the plnmage of
the bird, they calculate the extent of the coming rainfall, the black por-
tending rain, the white, drought. In this tract, there are three crops of
jcmr annually. At Ifnah there are two reservoirs, one of which is called
Jomnahy the other Oangah. The water bubbles up and forms a stream
and the fish of these two springs have three eyes, the third eye being in
the forehead.
Between Manglor and Ghurdwdr is a tract into which the sea enters.
On a certain day of the year the water is sweet. It is related that in
sseient times a certain person was in need of Gtinges water. A recluse
node a sign to the expanse and sweet water came forth. Ever since,
npoQ that day this wonder is repeated to the astonishment of all.
In both of these districts the Ohelot tribe of Rajputs prevail and
the ruling power in this country is in their hands. At the present time
&e force (of the first district) consists of 1,000 horse and 2,000 foot.
There is also a settlement of Ahirs called Bdhriyas.^ The force (of the
Moond district) is 2,000 horse and 3,000 foot.
In the third district at the foot of the Satrunjah (Satrunjaya) hill,^
is a large fort and on its summit, the fort of Pdlithdnah. Though in ruins,
it deserves restoration. It is in great veneration with the Jains f The
port of Ghogah (Gogo) is a dependency of this district. The island of
Biram (Perim) was formerly the residence of the governor ; it is 9 kos
square and is a low rocky island in the midst of the sea. The Zaminddr is
of the Qohel* tribe. This district possesses 2,000 horse and 4,000 foot.
In the fourth district, are the ports of Mohwah^ and Taldjd, inhabited
hj the Wali clan. The local force consists of 300 and 500 foot.
I The name of one of the old territo-
zi&l prmU or distriet into which Kathia-
wirwaa divided, was called B&briawdr
ahfllytractontheS. S.
S The hill is sacred to Adin&th the
ddfied priest of the Jains. The descrip-
ti(Ri of Palit&na in the I. G. taken from
Ifr. Burgess* " Notes of a visit to Satrnn-
jaya Hill," gives an interesting sketch
d this temple hill. Perim (the Baiones
ef the Periplus) is in the Gnlf of Cam-
bay, a miles S. of Gogo.
^ Gladwin has misonderstood this
passage and misled Genl. Gnnningham
into reading this and the preceding word
into the name of a town, Maabidcheen.
4 The Gohels came from the north in
the 13th centnry, and retreating before
the tide of Mohammadan conquest con-
quered for themselves new seats in the
decadence of Anhilwira. They are now
in E. E&thiawir.
» I. G. Mowa. S. E. of Kathiawir.
Lat. 21° 3' N., long. 71° 43' B. Talaj^
Lat. 21° 21' 15" N., long. 72*» 4' 80" E.
The I. G. mentions the Walis as one of
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In the fifth distriot is Jagak^ called also DwdrJed. 8nKruhnc$m^
hither from Mathura (Mnttra) and here died. It is a great Brahminical
place of worship. The island of Somhudhdr^ 4 hoi square is reckoned
within this district. Near Ardmrde is an island 70 has in length and
breadth. An area of hslf a kos of this land is for the most part stony
and if an excavation is made salt* water ponrs in on all sides. Malik
Aydz,^ Ehdp Khel, of Snlfin Ma^mtid I of Gnjer&t, had, one-foTLrtli
of it dug up. The port of Aramrde is superior to most of its class.
The inhabitants are of the Bddhil tribe. It masters 1,000 horse and
2,000 foot.
In the sixth district Barra^^ the conntry is so hillj, the forests
so impenetrable and the defiles so extensive that it is impassable for
troops. The Jaitwah clan inhabit it. It famishes 1,000 horse and 2,000
foot.
In the seventh district are the BaghSlahs. It famishes 200 horse and
the same number of foot. The Kdfhis^ are nnmerous in this tract ; ihej
are of the Ahtr cast and are skilful in the management of horses. The
military force is 6,000 cavalry and 6,000 infantry. They are said by some
to be of Arabian origin. Canning bat hospitable, they will eat of the food
of people of every caste, and are a handsome race. When wajJaghirdff
comes amongst them they make it a condition that there shall be no
acconnt taken of the incontinence of any of their people. In the vicinity
of the Kdthis on the banks of the river DSndi, there is a sept of AUrs
four old raoes now existing as pro-
prietors of the soil ; the other three be-
ing the Jaitwas, Ghnrasamas, and the
Solankis.
1 Now called Beyt, in the Gnlf of
Gntch.
S See Bajley's Hist, of Qnjar&t, p. 283
et seq. Khis Khel represents the posi-
tion of a rojal equerry oombiaed with
high command. Ferishta calls him the
ijp^ j*** or confidential attendant of
Mal^mud. He was the premier noble
(Amir n'l Umari) and commander in
chief of the army, fought and defeated
the Portuguese fleet at Ohaul and
sank the admiral's flagship yalued at a
1cr6r of rupees. (A. H. 918— A. D. 1507)*
Vol. II., p. 204. The family title of the
Qickwir is at the present time " Sens
Kh&s Khel Shamsh^r BahiLdur."
S I have no doubt that this is Bardi (or
Jaitw^r) of the I. Q.; a division of Kithia-
w£r lying between 21° 11' and 21° 6/ N.
Wi.y and 69** 30' and 70** 7' B. long.,
bounded N. and N.-E. by Hallir : E. by
Sorath, and 8..W. by Arabian Sea. The
Barda hills are from 12 to 18 miles dis-
tant from the coast and formed a f*-
vourite refuge for outlaws.
4 The name of K&thiawiur, formerly
given to a tract to the B. of the centre
of the peninsula; from having been
overrun by the K&this who entered from
Cutoh in the 13th and I4th oenturiea,
it was extended to the whole country by
the Mahrattas who had come into con-
tact with tham in their forays.
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(sailed Poreehas.i Their force is 3,000 horse and the same number ol foot.
Thej «re perpetnaUy at feud with the Jdms.^
In the eighth diatriot JhAnjhm^r is a maritime port* The Wdji^ tribe
Jwewl. There are 300 horse and 2,000 foot.
In th« ninth district is the Chiran tribe. Mahadeva formed a man
from the sweat of his bron^ and gave him the charge of his own boll.* He
spoke ia rhythmio sentenoes and sang the divine praises and revealed the
past and the future. His descendants are known by his name. They chiefly
tmte panegyrics and genealogies and in battle chant deeds of valour and
animate the warriors and some of them reveal future events.' There
M© few of the nobles of Hindust&n who have not some of these in their
tetiaue. This district furnishes 500 horse and 4,000 foot. The tribe
Mlled Bhdf resemble this caste in their panegyrics, their powers, their
b»ttle*ohantB> and genealogical recitations, wid although in some of these
rwpeots they surpass them yet the Ohdtans are better swordsmen. Some
pretend that the Ohdtuns were called into life by the mere volition of the
lUvinity, and the BUfs from Mahddevtk.^
Between Jhdltodrah in the SarMr of A(tmaddhdd, and Pafian and
Soraih is a low-lying tract, 90 kos in length by 7 to SO in breadth, called
the Banf (the Runn). Before the rainy season, the sea rises and covers
this area and falls as the rains cease. A considerable part dries up and is
oovered with salt, the duties of which are collected in the parganaK of
fhdlwdrah. Ahmadahdd lies to the east of this tract On the west is a
^ For. Porejah. Porboehha.
S The JIureJa Bijputa, to whidh branch
the Rao of OnUOx belongs, are desoended
from the Sdmnia (Sama )) tribe and oame
•riginally fromi the north. They are
mid to have emigrated from diad aboat
the 15th century under the leadership
rf Hm Ii^kha» ton of Jin from whom
the tribe derive their name. Till 1540
the Jima raled over Outch in three
Wanches. About that year Khengir
neeeedad in making biaiself head of the
tribe and master of the province. His
Mole Hm B4wal ded to lUthiawir and
feniided the present reigning honse of
l^AWanagar, the ralers of which are
•till called Jams. See Jam under the
li^cootint of Sind.
32
t Var. Wachi.
♦ According to the B. nl M. " of the
boll he rode."
t The tett has a misprint of V4* for
e The 8. nl M. "from the sweat of
the forehead of Mahadeva.'*
7 The Word in Hindi signifies a Waste
or wilderness. There are two, the
northern or larger Ennn, 160 by 80 miled
has an area of abont 7,000 square mile^
The eastern or smaller Rnun, 70 mileft«
from B. to W. covers an area of 2,000
square miles. Except a sfray bird, a
herd of wild asses, ot ah occasional cara*
van, no sign of life breaks the destirt
loneliness^ I* G»
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large separate territory called Ktichchh (Gutoh) 250 has ih lengtk by lOO
ko8 in breadt h. Sind lies to the west of Gutch. The physical aspect of
the country is barren and sandy. There is an excellent breed of horses
believed to be of Arabian race, and there are good camels and goats*
The chief of this country is of the YadiA race and his tribe is now
known as Jdr^cu. The military force of this clan is 10,000 cavalry and
50,000 infantry. The men are handsome, tall in statnre and wear long
beards. The residence of the chief is Bhuj, which has two strong forts
Jhdrah and KantkSt On the Gnjardt side towards the sonth is a Zaminddf
of note whom they call Jiim, a relative of the ruler of the above-' mentioned
state. Sixty years ago, Jim Bawali after a war of two months, was driven
out of the country, and settled in 86rath between the territories of the
Jaitwahf Bddhel, Chdran^ and Tumhel tribes. He possessed himself of
other parts and foanded the city of Natsanagar and his country received
the name of Little Outch. Sattarsdl the present R4jah, is his grandson.
There are many towns and the agricultural area is extensive. The resi*
dence of the chief is at Nawanagar and his force consists of 7,000 cavalry
and 8,000 infantry. The camels and goats are of good breeds. For a
considerable period the prime ministers of these two states have been of
the Mnl^mmadan religion.
In the vicinity of Mord and MangrSj is a state called PaV through
which runs the river Mahendri towards the Gujarat side. It has a separate
* The lunar race established by the
Soythian Budh, expanded into fifty-
six branches and filled nearly the
whole of northern India. Yada 4th
in descent from Badh gave his name
to the royal line which closed in
Krishna and Baldlma. While the solar
race was confined to a narrow strip
of land between the mountains and the
Ganges, the Tadds had spread over the
whole country. Yadu, says Elliot, (Races
of the N.-W. P., Vol. I, 128) is the patro-
nymic of all the descendants of Buddha,
the ancestor of the Lunar race, of which
the Bhatti and the Jar^ja are now the
most conspicuous, but the title of Jddon
is now exclusively applied to that tribe
Which appears never to have strayed
far from the limits of the ancient Son-
seni, and we consequently find them
in laige numbers in that neighboitr-
hood. The tract south of the Gham
bal called after them Yaduvati is in
the possession of the Gwalior Mahrst-
taa and the state of Kirauli on the
Chambal is now their chief independent
possession.
S PAk in the text, with the emendatioa
Vi\ by the Editor. There aife two of
the name, one within M6hi Ednta on its
N. B. frontier. The other one of the
petty states in Hallir, Kathiaw^. The
former must here be meant, as Diingar-
pdr Ues in lat. 23° 62^ N., long. 79>'* 49'
B. It is now a separate native state*
The early history of the ruling famil/
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ruler who resides at Diingarpir. On the Mdlwah side is B&nswAlah
(BAnswira) and that too has a separate chief. Each of them has a force
of 5,000 horse and 10,000 foot, and both are of the Besddiah clan. The
rulers were of the B&na's family, bnt for some time past it has been
othervnse.
Adjoining the Barkdr of Paftan is a state, the chief town of which is
8ir6ki and which possesses a force of 2,000 horse and 5,000 foot. On the
BOBunit of a hill is the strong fortress of Ahigafh (Monnt Abu) about
which are 12 flourishing villages. Pasturage is plentiful.
There is also a territory having Nafarhdr^ on the east, MandU on the
norih, NadSt on the south and Gh£mp&ner on the west. Its length is 60
iot, and its breadth 40. The chief is a Ghauhin and his residence is the
town of AU Mohan. Wild elephants are numerous. The force consists
of 600 horse and 15,000 foot.
Between Swrai and Na^rb&r is a mountainous bnt flourishing tract
called Bagldnahy the chief of which is a Bafhor, commanding 8,000 cavalry
and 10,000 infantry. Fine peaches, apples, grapes, pineapples, pome*
granates, and oranges grow here. It possesses seven remarkable forts,
among which are MuISt^ and Sal6r.
Between the Sarkdrs of NddSt (Nanddd), and Nazarbir is a hilly
district 60 hoe in length by 40 in breadth, which the Oohel tribe of Bijptits
inhabit. At the present day a Br&hman named Tmodri has the manage*
ment of affairs, the titular Bajah being of no account. He resides at
Bdjp^lah^ or Khulu, and has a force of 3,000 hor9e and 7,000 foot. The
ia not known with certainty ; they paid
tribute to the Mnghal Empire and did
military Bervioe, and on the fall of the
Empire became tribntaiy to the Mah*
zmttas. I. G. The name Pdl says
Bayley, Beems to have been g^ven to a
congeries ot petty hill states of which
themlers were Hindds. They appear
to haFe included Dnng&rpiir, Bijanagar
and others.
1 See demarcations of Sdbah of Mil«
wah and the list of Sarkirs of that pro-
▼ince. Nidoc, is no doubt Nandod of
the I. G. capital of the Bijpfpla State.
Ut. iV" 54' N., long. 78"* 84' B. These
points of the compass would be true to
a spectator looking towards Mandu with
NiuliSt in his rear, Nadarbar would then
He B. and Chimpinet W. In Bayley's
map, Alice ($ie) and Mohun are two
distinct towns but adjacent. The itdjatt
of the text imply an impossible location
and must be omitted.
S Both these lie in the Navasari (Nosari)
district of the Baroda territory, the latter
in the 8. B. comer. Muler is Mulher in
I. G. and Mooleirin Bayley. Sengarh
and Rupgarh are two other forts. The
former 48 miles B. of Surat, and Bupgarh
10 miles S. of Songarh. The hills must
refer to the B&jpipla range, there being
no other in the whole territory.
8 Rijpipla is now a native state with*
in the Agency of Bewa K&ntlMS lying
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water of this tract is very unwholeaomie. Bice aud honey of the finest are
here produood.
This 84}Mh emhvaoes 9 Sarkdrs and 198 parganaht, of which 18 are
ports. The reTenne is 4A hrors, 68 lakhs, 22,301 d4m8 (Re. 10,920,657-8*0)
and one lakh, 62,028i Mahmudia^ as port dues.
The measured land (except Sorath which is paid in money by esti-
mate) ie 1 kror, 69 lakJu, 86,377 b^ghaa, 8 hiswat, oat of which 4 lakht,
20,274 dams are Suy^rf^hdl The local force is 12,440 cavalry, and 61,100
infantry.
Sarkdr of AJ^maddbdd.
Containing 28 MahaU, 8,024,158 Bighat. Reven»e 208,806,994 Dam.
Svfurghdl 6^11,441 Ddmg. Castes various. Cavalry 4,120. Infantry
20,500.
City of A^ma44hid,
Sabarb. dist. of AhmedAbiKl,
Arfaarmitar, on the riyer
Baroli,'
A^madnagar has a stone fort
faced with chunamf
Edar, (revenne by estimate
of crops)) ... ...
Bighas
Biswas.
870,087
146,S84
64,870
Bevenne
D.
15,000,078
23,999,371
9,662,754
1,770,912
1,616,000
9
QQ
144,660
4201,788
160,986
50,774
100
100
500
1000
800
200
5,000
6,000
Castes.
Ohanhin.
Solaiikf.
R«jp6t.
within lat. 21*' 23' and 21*' 59' N., and
between long. 78*' 5' and 74** B. The
capital is Nandod on the river Karjan.
It is bounded on the N. by the Narbada,
on the B. by the Mehwisi estates in
Khandesh, on the S. by Baroda and
Snrat, and on the W. by Broach. Three-
fourths of the State are occupied by a
continuation of the S^tpura range known
as the Bijpipla hills.
1 Mr. E. Thomas (Numismatio Chro-
nicle, Vol. Ill, 8rd series) quotes Sir T.
Herbert as saying about 1676 A. D. <* A
mahmddi is twelve pence, a rupee two
•hillings and three pence." See Bayley's
History of Gujarat, p. 16. The teUtsTS
value of coin varied according to tins
and locality. The Changesi Mahmtkdf
is varionsly at half and two-tkirds of a
rupee and at half a crown, Fienob
money. Ibid, pp. 18 and 16.
« T. Bar6n. Var. BarmaU. Mar4ni
8 The Rajpdts are here divided into
two cUisses. (1) Gar^siahe or land-
owners (see Bayley's History of Ghijarilt
p. 98, for the derivation of this tem)^
and (2) Cultivators. Hu farmer Ut«
a life of idleness on their lands and sie
greatly given to opium. I. 0.
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Bighaa
Biswas.
BoTenae
D.
1
1
Oaatea.
Bbil,
875,675
6,988,920
100
200
Bh6dia.l
Birah8ew«h, ...
84.960
2314»124
i'Jdos
60
100
Lodiah.2
IMrpHrt iMt a «^oiie fort on
^Mahendri,
198,885
1,778,800
—
800
600
H&jpiit,
Khwb4
and
Bonab.t
I^pl<«,*
89,980
1,498,249
60
100
Ittjp6t.
Pftriusii, (PltfAiiiiJ of I. O. ?),
Bandar Solah, (rerenne in
159,278
2,076,874
100
200
01.
moneyX
900,000
...
PilWd,
771,960
128,990
...
••.
Thimanab, (rer. in monej),
600,000
...
...
Jbakbirhi, baa a briok fort,
somewhatdilapidated; aalt-
petre obtained here,
48,388
M,908,220
282,860
200
10,000
Koli.
JhiUwirah, baa a fort of
stone Krae^ ...
679,877
4,826,892
6,627
60
0OO
JhiMwir.
DhoHFab the Bibarmati flows
adjacent.
884,606
1,660,000
188,160
50
100
Ponwir.
Dhandb^, baa a ttasonry
fort of chwnam,
406,628
1180770446
500
4,000
Do.
ffimil.
80,646
2,628,682
100
800
Garisiab,
Mehtar.
Kari,
986,837
80,125,788ft
894,968
800
1,000
(yi,Ao.
Kambhiyat, ...
836,818
22,147,986
160,406
100
200
""&.
K-ranj,7 a maaonrj fort of
chunam.
..••..
80,126,778
27.809
100
500
KoU.
Mandah,
1
22,147,978
801,320
50
500
Do.
Mor^Mah, baa a briok fort, ...
507,870
428,610
16,062
100
200
Do.
¥Mpn^dib4d, baa a temple
toMahideya,...
45,590
1,748,080
120,088
...
...
Obanbin.
fort,
218,806
1,400,000
...
...
01.8
Maagr^j, baa a maaoniy fort
of e^unom, ...
76,629
121,762
100
800
Ohaah£n.
Kariid,
202,062
8,108,098
49',i78
en
^red
ider
rnil.
Gar&siab.
HaM6r,
200,027
752,202
20
100
Koli.
^ V»r» Bbodtaia. Yabndia.
8 Dodiab, Didwiab.
^ For. Kariadewar, and two otber
namea ittegtble from haTing no vowel
points.
♦ T. Pilod. G. Beelowd.
» G. bas 11 million.
4 Far, 20,081,106, 30^126,987.
7 Var. Kafranj. Kiranj. G. Cerneej.
• Far. KoU.
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Sarkdr of Pattan^ north,
ContsAmngie Mahals. 88,600,016 B^^o*. Revenue 600,326, 099D(ii»w.
Suyirghal, 210,627 Datiw. Castes various. Cavalry 716. Infentry 6,000.
Pa(^, has two forts,
Bijipdr,
Puhanpur,
Ba^nagar, has a stone fort,
Bisalnagar,
Tehrir, has a brick fort, ...
Tahrwirah, do.
Baburb. diet, of Pat^an,
B&dhan, has a brick fort, ...
Bami, has a shrine mnoh
venerated in Hindastan,...
Batalp6r,
Eherilii,
Kikr^ji,
Mdnjpdr,
Horwirskh,
Wisah, (Disah?) has a brick
fort,
Bighas
Biswas.
290,664
87,'600.18
18,281
240,062-11
294,616-17
1,478,750
267,709-6
107,298S
84,267
101,946-17
112,888
61,814-11
47,777
288,270
Bevenoe
D.
967,462
6,001,882
628,611
1,844,824
674,848
4,000,000
2,180,000
20,064,046
4,000,000
1,266,998
287,840
4,000,000
1,812,690
909,630
820,030
1,600,000
148,862
2,882
8600000'
1,749
QQ
862,104
160
200
60
I
8,000
600
600
nnder
Bijapnr.
100
200
1,000
nnder
Pat^.
100 200
20
100
nnder
Tehr£r.
26
60
100
200
200
Bijpat^Eoli,
Eombi.
KolL
Do.
Do.
BAjpfit,
Jiddn.
B&jp4t,
Birfaah.
KoIL
EoU.
Do.
Eoli
Do.
Do.
Da
SarMr of NddSt. (NandodJ^north.
Containing 12 Jfa^ofo. 64il,Si7 Bighas. 16 Biswas, Revenue 8,797,596
Dams. Suyuryhdl 11,328 Ddms.
Bfghas
Eevenne
Bighas
Eerenuo
Biswas.
D.
Biswas.
D.
Amrdli,
16,648-16
148,620
Jamung£op,
21,444
412,098
Andhi,
4,290
17,076
Kah6r,S
14,903
80,8<>8
Basrdi, (Suyiirghdl
Marghadrah,
16,028
62,328
I1,328J,
168,696
2,061,868
Mandan,
5,402
16,000
Badil,
40,663
272,645
N6d6twith snbnrb.
Talkwirah,
66,859
1,695,526
dist..
128,021
8,929,330
Tahwi,
78,268
166,500
Natrang,
16,188
40,798
1 So the MBS., bnt I apprehend these
figiures shonld be rerersed, the larger
coming nnder rerenne, as G. has it.
> Initial fignre omitted or the series
has been by an error rererfled. The
entry of lands in Col. I. nnder Kherfl«
is donbtfnl throngh a press error.
8 Var, T. and G. Eear, Eyir.
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266
Sarkdr of Baroda, south.
Oontaining 4 Mahasl. 922,212 Bighas. Bevenae 41,145,895 Dims.
Snyurghal 388,358 Dams.
Castes yarions. Cavalry 900.
Infantry 5,800.
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenae
D.
I'd
QQ
!
1
Oartet.
fittodi with Bub. diit has a
hrickfort, ...
Dftb]i<$i, has a stone forfc, ...
86idr, the Narhada, in ite
oonne from the north,
pwses tinder the town, ...
600,920
1,680,960
167,090
148,160
20,408,486
6,248,280
6,252,660
5,746,680
4,662
200
600
600
600
400
6,000
600
6,000
Ponwir, &c.
B4jpdt.
Bahrih.
fi4jp6t, (fol-
lowing
name ille-
gible).
Sarkdr of Bahroeh (Broaeh)^ south.
Containing: U Ifa^oZtf. 349,771 Bighas. Bevenne 21.845,663 Dg^.
8uyurghal 141,820 Bams. Castes varions. Cavalry 990. Infantry 8,600.
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
1
1
Castes.
Crpfc,
186,420
1,666,877
...
Akl^sar,
188,876
668,010
...
...
Atl^ear,
90,888
807,787
60
200
Gw&lii.
Broach, has a briok fort, on
the Karbada; here is a
Hindn shrine, »..
64.660
466,280
500
6,000
Rijpdt.
TarkA»r,
8,762
6,651
...
...
Chharmandwi, ...
44,821
122,795
•••
...
Suburban dist. of Broach, ...
62,975
7,022,690
64,610
..1
...
Dahej Birhi, ...
42,664
1,174,640
*.....
...
...
Kadi(Kiwilj, ...
177,939
4,276.000
12,650
20
800
Rijpdt
Barhlih.
Bijpiit
16,181
868,670
...
800
Gandhir, a port frequented
hj Vessels, ...
240,000
...
•».
^ This sngg^estion is by the Editor, bat I as representing the proper orthography*
the I. Q. has Kadi, with Kan in brackets | Lat 28^ 17' N., long. 72^ 21' 80'' E.
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Lorakh,! on the seashore, ..»
Mat:bdlib£d, on the seashore.
Salt here obtained,
H&ns6t, one of the ports of
this district, ... .,.
Bfghas
Biswas.
256
Revenue
D.
81,760
81,750
77,660
1,277,250
1,918,040
2,489,158
I
20
400
I
100
8,000
Bijpdt,
Musalm^p,
B&jp6t
Bighelah.
SkirkAr of Ckdm^nSr.
ContBinmg 9 MahaU, S0,nS7 Btghas. 11 BisuXit. Reveatie 16,009,884
Dams. Suyurghal 173,730 Dams, Castes various. Cavalry 530. la&ntry
1,600.
Bighas
Revenue
!*«
i
t
Biswas.
D.
1
Castes.
s*
«
*i|
- .
OQ
o
iH
Arw^rah,
19,129
48,209
Ohimpdn^r, with snb. dist.
has two stone forts, one
on a hill called Pdwah,
and the second at its foot,
159,690
27,d20^
1,429,649
173,780
600
1,000
Chanddwirah, ...
21,530
OhanHLd,
107,714
2,215,276
Dh<5d has a stone fort.
68,2*9
1,288,300
Dh<51,
82,014
172,992
......
DiUwarah,
18,129
48,628
Sonkh^rah,
240,318
2,999,696
8inw4s, has a stong stone
fort, ... ... 120,191-1 [
2,800,000
60
100
Wjpiit.
8arha/r of Surat,
Containing 81 MahaU. 1,312,815 Bighas. 16 Biswat. Revenue
19,035,180 Ddms. Suydrghdl 182 870 Ddms. Castes various. Cavalry
2,000. Infantry 5500.
Bfghas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
1
QQ
1
}
Castes.
Aniwal, has a stone fort, ...
Pirohdl,
9,681
66,980
424366
...
1 Var. and Q. Norak. Nooiek. T. Gork.
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257
Bighas
Biswas.
B#yenae
D.
1'
!
^
Castes.
Balsir, en the sea,
74,702
1,281,480
19,785
100
600
Balesar,
86,400
1,016,045
15,035
...
...
Beltwaxah, has a stone fort
near the Tapti,
58,659
554,820
2000 5,000 1
Wjpiit.
Balwirah, has a stone fort,
and a shrine with a hot
spring.
41,650
478.620
••••••
...
...
Bh&r^t,
21,170
425,055
...
...
Pirn^r,
64,460
277,475
...
...
Bhiitsar,
12,076
146,230
...
...
BiMr,
21,435
592,180
......
•••
...
T^Uri,
35,091
917,890
90,985
...
M*
Kmb4,
51,029-19
26d,890
2,040
•..
*••
Ghikhli, on the sea, has an
uou niiie, •.. ...
387,618
889,880
••*•••
...
• t.
Dham<5ri, on the river Timi ?»
(Kim?),
40,994.19
767,620
...
...
Ban^r (Bandar),
5,523
63,692
13,C»2
...
,,,
Snrat with suburh. dist. has
a stone f«rt, ...
50.788
5,530,145it
••••••
...
•at
8np4,
37,594
73,151
8,720
...
...
Sarbhiin,
64,127-18
601,257
...
...
Kh6bl6ri,
4,024
26,760
•••
• *.
Ghand^wi,
4,524
835,330
4]310
•••
1 .••
Kharka, on the Timi,8
42,019
629,810
*••
• ••
KarAiah,
800,70*
383,240
H520
...
• ••
KAmr^,
68,044
328,205
...
i •••
£^8 has a stone fort.
9,771
238,390
...
...
Lohiri,
5,928
85,260
..*
•••
HariwaU, (Mar6U) on the
sea,
17,044
370,410
•«*t««
•••
...
Mahwah, (Mowa ?) on the sea,
15,016
100,290
..«
! •.»
Nanwfli,
1,629
65,220
•«*•••
...
...
Nawasari, ( Ntfsari ), with a
manufactory of perfumed
oil, foand nowhere else.
17,853
297,720
...
...
Nariid, on the sea,
7,290
130,700
.*• •••
•*•
...
Sarhdr of Oodhrd.
Containing 12 Mahals. 586,255 Bighas. Revenue 8,418,624 Dims,
Castes various. Cavalry 1,000. Infantry 5,000.
Bighas
BUwas.
Bevenne
D.
Bera,5
Jadnagar,
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
Andh4,
Athiwarah,
17,877
46,704
184,935
63,460
87,318
46,696
257,202
120,660
1 T. Dehor sur le Tfcpti.
s From 84lr JahM duties, see p. 58.
Vol. II.
* Var. and T. Tapti.
33
4 Var. in these two oolnmns, 68,544
and 328,205 respectively.
B Donhtf nl, there being no rowel points.
Note suggests Babra or Bhabra.
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268
Jhi16d,
DhiLnb6d,l
Sehra,
GiSdhra with
diAt,
Bighas
Biswas
BoTenae
D.
sub.
92.406
17,082
36,702
160,260
794,664
146,392
786,660
K6li£nah,
Miril,
Mahadwarah,
Bighas
Biswas.
20,868
46,756
19,268
BeTonae
D.
786,860
526,976
18,026
Sarkdr of Sdrafh.
Containing 12 MahaU^ of which 13 are ports.
DdfM, Cavalry 17,000. Infantry 365,000.
Eevenue 63,437,366
Berenoe
RerenTie
D.
Jasdhon (Jasd^n I. G.),
D.
Aiinab,
7,630,888
98,600
ArbWia,«
Ami^li,
780,500
Sabnrban dist. of Sorafh,
982,000
1,784,160
Dhaalatdb4d,
857,424
Apletah,
1,214,692
D4nk, ...
4,410
Pttttan Deo,
4,468,912
D6ngar,
760,400
Banwirah,
2,049,340
Dharwir,
69,791
Belkhi,
140,000
Dhintr6r,«
252.048
Balsir,
609,760
DhAri, ...
644,270
B^, ...
145,600
Banpdr,
16.127
Bnrwa,*
60,664
R41gan,
113,280
Bandah,
84,960
R4m6fc,
£8,820
B&nd<5r,
14,060
Siydr,
42.480
Bhimridah,
28,820
Sarii,7...
4,936
PAliThanah,
240,592
Snl^npdr,
424,800
Bagsra,
66,840
Gariidhibr,
628,040
Barar, ...
734,790
Kdrin&r,
4,588,660
Barwir&,
74,792
Ghogah,(Goffo) exolndye of port
666,{60
Bhid^4
14,160
K^nibanier£,8 ...
42,480
TaUifc,
2,436,620
Kathar,«
127,480
Chokb
453,120
Garidhari,l0
698,704
Jaitp<ir,
12,832
Gondal,
66,640
Jagat, ...
803,200
Kotiini,
1,797,266
Chorw&r,
986,960
Kand61n£,ll
198,482
Chanra,
97,288
L61iin4,
1,428,080
Jhatri,6
1,071,660
LemdrA Batw4,l« ...
487,676
1 Var' Dhamndd.
2 Var. and G. Artehji.
8 Var. Barda.
4 Var. and T. BhawOL
6 Var. T. and G. Jethri.
« Var. Dhihrdr,
7 T. and G. Sarsu
8 Var. and G. Gh^^MeWL
^ Var. and G. Kankar.
10 Var. Earari Dhanun. In the mapf
Ganridhar in HalUr.
11 Far. G. and T. Gaadolna.
12 Var. Banwa.
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259
BeFenne
D.
Beyenne
D.
U^hi,
Malikp^r.
Mobwah, (Mow»),
Mtndwi,
lUngWr,
296,162
996,048
2,061,136
127,440
16,689,472
Medarah,
M6rbi,...
Miinah,
Nilgsari,
Hatasni,!
2,208,160
2,608,836
14,106
755,876
1,012,692
Port duties.
ReFBDae
Ma^mddis.
Port of Hohwah< (Mowa), ...
„ Melk<5r? ...
„ Diingar, ...
„ TaUji, 4 Mahals, ...
„ Aanah, ...
Beyenne
Mal^mudii*
PortofMangMf, ...
„ Pft^tanDeo,
„ Korinir, ...
„ Ni^reari, ...
n Porbandar,
27,000
25,000
1,000
10,000.
27,228
1.000
8.000
1,000
7,000
* 16,000
Princes of Oujardt.
Seyeti prinoei
1 reigued in saccessiou 196 years.
Years.
... 60
Suij Chiwarah,* ...
•»• ••• •••
Jog R4j,...
••• ••• *»•
... 86
BhimdLj,
•»• ••• •••
... 62
Bb6r, ... .••
••• •»• •••
... 29
Ba^r Singh,
•»• ••• •••
... 26
Batnddat (var. Bash^dat),
.•• ••• •••
... 15
Samant (yar, Simat),
••• »*• •••
... 7
! Var* and G. Hastani.
> Var. and T. Birj Jidiin. Var, and
G. Bansr&j. The following table is from
the IT. T. taken from the Ain-i-Akbari,
t&d collated with the Agni Por&aaof
Wflford.
AD.
606. Saila Deya, liying in retirement
at Ujjain fonnd and educated.
745. (S. 802) Banarija» son of Samanta
Sinh (Ohoh&n) who founded
Anhalpiir, called after Anala
Chohin
806. Jagardja.
841. Bhira B&ji, (Bhnnda Deya. Wil«
ford).
866. Bheur.
895. Behersinh.
920. Beshadat, (Baja Adity W.).
985. Samanta, (dan. married son of
Delhi Baja). The total of yean
of reignt in the A. A. makes 228
instead of 196. G. and T giye
Bhimr&j 25 instead of 42, and
thus oorreot the error.
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S0O
Ten princes of the Sbhtnki race reigned 2H years.
Trs. M8.
Mnlr&j Solanki, ...
•••
• •• si
... 56 0
Chdmandy
...
...
... 18 0
Balabha,
•••
• •• •<
... 0 6
Darlabha, his nephew,
•••
• »• •<
... 11 e
Bhim, hifi nephew,
••«
•••
... 4,2 0
••-•
• •• •
... 81 0
Jai Singh, called also
Sudhdlj,
...
... 50 0
.»•
... 2a 0
Ajai pals, his nephew,
•••
• •• •
... 8 0
LakhmtU,
•••
...
... 8 0
Six princes o{ the Bigh61ah tribe reigned 126 years.
Trs. Ms. Ds.
Hardmtiis Bdghelah^
Baldeva,
Bhim, his nephew,
Arjnn Deva, ...
Strang Deva,
JSk.ar8»n, .*• •••
• •••
12
5 0
• .••
84
6 10
•••
42
0 0
...
10
0 0
• ••
21
0 0
• •••
6 10 15
1 Far. and G.Eamadarpal. The totals
give only 238 years. The U. T. nmA as
follows : —
A. D.
Mxila B&ja, ngnrped the throne.
Chimnnd, invaded by Saltan
Mahmud (Samanta. W.).
Vallabha (ancient line restored).
Dorlabha (Dabisalima Feriahta)
nsnrped the throne.
Bhima R&ja.
kaladeva (Karan. A. A.) Gama
Bajendra or Visaladeva, (W.)
who became paramoont sove-
reign oi Delhi.
Biddha or Jayasinha, an nsorper.
Kam&rapal, poisoned (by Ajaya*
pala, son of Jayasinha.)
S Far. and T.Hardhon,Hai:4<8m. Var.
and G. BardmuL Birdmool.
910.
1025.
1088.
1089.
1050.
1094.
The U. T. give the following ^-
The BhdglUla tribe.
Mnla (LakhmtU. A. A. Lakhan Baya*
W. without issne.
Birdmul ^ Balnea— Mala, Wd. of Bhi*
Beildeva ) g€\& tribe.
AD.
1209. W. Bhima Deva, or Bhala Bliina
Deva, same as last W.
1850. Arjnn deva, -s
ISm. Sarangadevsi > A. A.
12QL Karao. ) GaroatheOohi-
la fled to the
Deooan when
in the year
Qnjar6b was annexed to Delhi by
4U a'd din.
I80a
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261
mi.
1411.
1443.
1451.
1459.
J459.
1511.
1526w
152$.
I53e.
1536.
1553.
Fourteeot (Mn^aikimad&ii) primM^ reigned aboat 160 years*
Trs. Mb. D«.
Sultan Maaaffar Sh4b,
Snltiii AJ^mad, I, his grandson (bnilds Ai^mad&b&d
and A^madnagar), ••• •••
Mn]&ammad 8hAh, his son, •••
1$[Qth nd' din Ahmad Sh&h (opposes Malwa King and
Ohitor Baja Kombha),
Bkitdi Sh&h, his nncle, (deposed in fovonr of)
l£ahni6d Sh&h I, son of Mnhammad Sh&h (Begardl :
two expeditions to Deccan), ... ..^
Snlf&n Mnzaffar, his son, (war with Rij4 Sangrima),
„ Bikandar, his son, (assassinated),
„ Na^ir Kh&n, his brother, (Mahm^d Shih II,
displaced by),
jy Bah&dnr, son of Saltan Mnzaffar, (invades
Mdlwa: mnrdered by Porfcnguese),
Mnhammad Sh&h, sister's son, (Firdki of Malwa), ...
Snlt&n'Mabm4d, grandson of Mnzaffar, ...
8 8 16
83
6 20
7
9
4
7
0 18
0
0
7
55
1
4
14
9
0
0 10 16
0 4 0
11
9 0
0
1 15
18
2 aomo
days.
8 0 0
12 & odd.
, Al^mad (11) a descendant of Snlt&n Atimad,
(spnriotts heir set np hj ministers),
1561. n Mnzaffar 111, (Habbn, a suppositions son of
Mahmid), ... ... •„
1583. Qnjardt becomes a prorince of Akbarls Empire.
The Hindi chronicles record that in the year 802 of Bikramijit,
corresponding with A. H. 154!* Sardp kindled the torch of independence
and Gajar&t became a separate state. TdUji Sri Bhor Deva mler of
Kananj pat to death one of his dependants, named S&mat Singh for
his evil disposition, disloyalty and disorderly conduct, and seized
his possessions. His wife was pregnant at the time, and urged by dis-
treBSy she fled to Gujarat and in an uninhabited waste gave birth to
an ia&mt. It happened that a Jain^ devotee named Saila Deva passing
^ Tlie dales and remarks ia brackets
wa from the 0. T.
s 80a of the era ol Viltramaditya is
94&A.D.-A.H. 12S— ». The 8. nl M.
hmUZ, To correspond with A. H. IM)
t^ S. date riMld be 826.
^ Var. PiDhr^j. Manrij. BansHlj.
4 Far, Ujjain, bnt as Anhilwirah
Pji(^n haa no fewer than 108 Jain
temples, one-eighth of its present pt^cr-
lation being Jains and extensive Jain
libraries of palm' leaf MSfiT., it is probable
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262
that way took cotnpassion on the child and committed it to the charge of
one of his disciples who took it to BMhanpilr, and brought it np with
tender solicitude. When he grew to manhood, associating with wicked
reprobates, he fell to outrage and highway robbery and a gang of free^
hooters was formed. He plundered the Qujarit treasure on its way to
Kanauj, and through the good fortune that attended him, he was joined
by a grain merchant^ called Chdmpd. Wisdom guided his sword and from
works of evil he inclined to deeds of good till in the fiftieth year oC his
age, he acquired the sovereignty of the state, and founded Paftan. It is
said that he long deliberated regarding the site of his capital and was
diligent in search of a suitable place. A cowherd called Anhil informed
him that he knew an excellent site which he would show on condition that
the king would call the city after his name. His ofEer being accepted, he
directed them to a wooded spot where a hare, he narrated, had grappled
with a dog and by sheer strength of limb had got away. The Baji
founded the city there and named it Anhilptir. Astrologers have predicted
that after the lapse of 2,500 years, 7 months, 9 days, and 44 gharis, it
shall be in ruins. Through the corruption of language and syllabic change
it came to be called Nahrwdlab, but as in the tongue of that coantrf
' chosen ' is rendered ' Pattan/ it became universally distinguished by ty
name.
H&J& Samant Singh gave his daughter in marriage to Sri Dan^ak
Solanki, a descendant of the Delhi princes. She died when on the point of
giving birth, but a son was by a surgical operation taken from her womb.
The moon at the time was in the sixteenth' mansion termed by the Hind^
Mul, and hence he was named Mulr&j. Raja Sdmant Singh adopted him
as his own son and watched over his education. When he grew up, he
entered into a conspiracy with some evil-disposed persons. The RAja in
a fit of drunkenness abdicated in bis favour^ but on becoming sober re-
called his promise which so infuriated this miscreant that he slew his bene-
factor and assumed the sovereignty. During the reign of Bajd Chamand
that the tme reading ib Jain and the
n. T. and Gladwin, following a corrupt
variant of the A. A. are in error in adopt-
ing Ujjain.
1 A trade in favour, apparently, with
6njar4t kings. One was the intimate
friend and counsellor of Snl(an Mn^am-
mad. See Baylej, pp. 182 and 188.
S Yarionsly taken as the I7tb, 19th and
24th Innar aeterism, containing 11 starsi
apparently those in the tail of Scorpio
and said to be unlucky. In the disser'
tation on Astronomy that folloTfS in a
subsequent book, M61 is counted as th9
19th mansion.
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263
A. H. 416 or 1064 of the era of Bikram&jit,^ Bn\\ikn Mahmlid of Ghazni
conquered this ooantrj, but on leaving, he found no fitfcer person on whom
be might confer the government than a descendant of the royal line, and
having arranged for the annual payment of a tribute, he returned by way
of Sind. What is remarkable is that at the desire of this prince he
carried with him captive another scion of the same family. After a time,
eith^ through fear or foresight, the captive's restoration was solicited by
the same prince who went out to meet him as he approached his territory
in order that intriguers might not secure his favour. On the day that
they were to meet, the R4j4 fell asleep for a short space under a tree,
when an animal of prey tore out an eye. At ihat time a blind man being
incapacitated from reigning, the ungrateful soldiers substituted the cap-
tive prince in his place and placed the Rajd in confinement.'
Kumirp&l Solanki through fear of his life lived in retirement, but
when the measure of Jai Singh's days became full, he came forth from
the wastes of disappointed ambition and seated himself on the throne
and considerably enlarged his dominions. Ajaipil wickedly poisoned
his sovereign and for a fleeting gratification has acquired eternal abhor-
rence.
Lakhmdl having no issue, the worthiest representative of the Bagh61ah
tribe was chosen as sovereign.
During the reign of Elaran, the troops of Sulfdn J^\i u'd din overran
Gujarat. Karan, defeated in the field, fled to the Deccan. Although
previous to this time Muizz u'd din S&m^ and Kutb u'd din Eibak had
made expeditions into the country, it was not until the reign of A1& u'd din
that it was formally annexed to Delhi.
In the reign of Mul^mmad, son of Firdz Sh^h, Niz^m Mustakhr^j,
called also B4sti Khdn,* was appointed to the government of Gujarat, but
1 1064 A. B. 18 eqaivalent to A. D.
1007 and A. H. 416 to A. D. 1025. It
was in Sept. 1024 A. D. that Mol^mfid
set out from Ghazoi in his expedition
against Somnith, which Ferishta says
oocnined 2^ years, but from his own
dates, and the time needed for his ex-
pedition againat the Jats, oonld not have
been more than one and a half.
S The story is told differentlj in Sl-
phinstone's Hist, of India, p. 838 (ed.
1866) on the anthority of D'Herbelot
and Bird's translation of the Mirat i Ah-
madi. The rnler selected is said to have
been a descendant of D&bishlim well
known in connection with the fables of
Pilpay. Ferishta calls both the princes
by this name. The story is related at
greater length from the Mirat i Ahmadi
in Bayley's Hist, of Gnjar&t, pp. 29—34
and its probability defended in a dis-
cursive note.
ft Otherwise Shahib a'd dm Ghori.
4 Malik Mnf arrah Snltdni, who after-
wards obtained the title of Farhat n'l
Molk Basti Khin. Zafar Kh&n was ap-
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his injustice beooming oppressive, he was ranored and the Ticerojalty
was conleiTed on Zafar Khiu son of Wajih nl Mnlk Tink. The former
governor disloyally rebelling, was killed in the field. The events of this
time may be gathered from the history of the Delhi sovereigns. His
son Tatar Khin was a man of base character and in whom wicked-
ness was ingrained. At this period after the death of Sultan Mo^m-
mad when the throne of Delhi devolved on Snlfin Mahmlid, oonsider-
able anarchy prevailed. Zafar Kh&n withdrew from affairs and TMr
Kh&i assumed royal state and marched against Delhi, bat was poison-
ed at the instigation of his father^ who coming forth from his re-
tirement had the Kkufhah read and the coin straok in his own name,
and was proclaimed under the title of Sult&n Mussaffar.* Oujar&t thus
became an independent kingdom and the government of the proviaoe
was established in the Tdaik family. The father of Zafar, Wajih nl
Hulk had been a Brahman and was converted to Isl&m. Abmad the
son of Tat&r Khan conspired against the life of his grandfather and took
possession of the throne thus garnering eternal perdition. Al^madiMid
was founded by him. With deep design and meditated hypoorisy he wiUi-
drew himself from all worldly pageantries till at a festival when all
suspicion was laid asleep in the midst of universal enjoyment, he put
to death twelve of his uncles. Subsequently he applied himself wiih
earnestness to the duties of his government and was filled with continaal
remorse, and to his last breath set himself to a just and capable adminis*
tration of the state.
When Ditid Kh&n^ was deposed on account of his incapacity, Fat^
Khin son of Muhammad Shah was raised to the throne and was proclaimed
90 Solt^n Mabmtid (I). He distinguished himself by his recognition of
pointed to sacoeed him on the 2nd Bahia
J, 793 A. H. (2l8t Feb. 1391) Bayley
Hist, of Guj., p. 68. Wajih n'l Mulk
was a Hindu called Sadh&ran, converted
to Islam and belonged, sajs the Mirat i
Sikandari, to the Tink caste, an outcast
branch of the Khatris. One of them was
expelled for his use of strong drinks and
the name is said in Hindi to signify an
outcast. The deriyation is asserted to
rest on some form of the Sanskrit i^TW.
meaning, separation, divorce. Ses Bsj-
le/s note. Ihid^ p. 67. Baber oiUs
the race Tang, Memoirs, Erskine, p< 811.
1 ' It is commonly beHeved' says the
Mirat i Sikandari that Tit4r Khin pl«oed
his father in confinement and seated
himself on the throne under title of
Mhd. Sh^h, whence the repnM- I^
p. 81—82.
« A. D. 1407,
S He reigned ooly 7 days, flee Bay-
ley's Hist, of Quj., pp. 161.2L
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mmt^ and by hk jusiioe, and ^rt himself with the fenoe of mniiifioenoe
and iiberaUty. Mi^k Sh^^b&a who held the title of Imid n'l Malk was
of the utmost service to him.* In the beginniag of his reiga some of the
wealthy favourites conspired against the life of their lord and in the first
instance plotted • the overthrow of this judioions and sincere oounsellor.
Like intrigoers as they were, they conveyed false allegations to the king,
and as the worldly-minded are suspicions of eaoh other, he imprisoned this
peerless denixen of the world of faith and purposed putting him to death.
He was on the point of being condemned when Malik j^bdu'llah the
superintendent of the elephuits who had the royal ear, revealed the
innocence of his faithful minister and the designs of the conspirators. The
king skilfully contrived his escape and, the veil of their pretence being
rent asunder, the miscreants took to arms. The royal guard and the slaves
together with the officers in charge of the elephants made a stand against
them, and the elephant) themselves proved of service in chastising the
rebels. Disgracefully routed, these disloyal subjects met with just retri-
bution. At Mal^iid's death, his son MuzafEar Sh&b, with the assistance
of the nobles, ascended the throne and assumed the title of Sul^n Muza^Mr
(11). His reign was beneficent. Sh4h Ismail of the Sdfi dynasty of Persia
sent him as presents the choicest goods of Ir&k.^ and he in turn courteously
reciprocated his acknowledgments. On his decease, his son succeeded him
under the title of Snlfan Sikandar. In a short time he was wickedly done
to death by Imad a'l Mulk who raised his brother Na^ir Kh4n to the
throne. The nobles plotted to displace him. The king appealed for
succour to His Majesty B&ber and engaged to surrender to him the port of Dih
<Din) with its dependencies and several kr&rs of tankahs, if he would advance
in aid with his victorious troops. On account of his former ungrateful con-
duct, his offer was refused.* At this juncture, Bdhadur the son of Salfdu
1 And likewise bj his enormonB appe-
tite. HiB daily allowance of food was
one man Gajadlt weight (equal to 16
Bahloli a^ra). He pat aside 6 twra of
boiled rioe and before going to sleep,
plaeed half on one side of his ooaoh and
hatf om the other, so that on whichever
aide hm awoke, he might find something
te eat. This was followed in the morning
bf • onp of honey, a onp of batter and
100 to 160 plantains. After this, Abul
Jf Sid's appetite sinks into insignificance.
JBs aUesrance was 22 nen daily.
84
8 The whole aooonnt will be fonnd in
Bayley nnder this monarch's reign.
The reader is referred to that work for
details of this historical synopsis.
8 A tarqnoise cap of great ralae, a
chest fnll of jewels, many valnable
tieeaes and 80 Persian horses. Bayley,
p. 244.
4 Ferishta says (Bayley, p. 819) that
this letter nerer reached B&ber, the
B^jah of Dnngarpur having intercepted
it.
L
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Muzaffar came from Delhi at the invitation of the BiLbriyas^ and the nobles
joined his standard. During his father's reign he was unable to remain
at court through the envy borne towards him by his brother (Sikandar)
He, therefore, betook himself to Sul^in Ibrahim Lodi at Delhi and was
received with favour. The nobles of Jaunp6r invited him to be their
king, and his intentions were inclined that way, when at this time his
partisans wrote to him from Gujarat and entreated his acceptance of the
throne. He willingly set out for the capital and being successful, he
made his administration prosperous by his justice and liberality. Carried
away by the intoxication of worldly success, he imprudently engaged
in a war with Humaytin, and being defeated, sullenly withdrew in
discomfiture.*
At his death, Mir&n Muhammad ruler of Kh4ndesh, his nephew, wbom
during his lifetime he had constituted his heir, was in his absence pro-
claimed in the khutbah by the nobles, but died shortly before re^hing
Gujarat. Mal^mud, grandson of Sulfdn MuzafiEar, who was then in con-
finement, succeeded him. A miscreant called Burh^n with some of his
adherents put him to death^ and under pretence of establishing a rightful
1 See p. 247, n. 1 and Bayley, p. 85,
n.; and for his adventures after leav-
ing Gnjarit, p. S21 et seq,
S Baber says of him that he acted
rightly in enforcing the law of retalia-
tion by pntting to death }mid n'l Malk
who had strangled his brother Sikandar,
bat besides this, he slew a nnmber of
his father's Amfrs and gave proof of a
blood-thirsty and ungovernable nature.
8 Bayley, p. 446, et seq. Burhin who
had been a low favourite of the king,
poisoned and stabbed his master and
sallied forth from the palace in the pomp
of royalty when he was met and slain by
Shirw&n Khin Bhatti, adopted son of
Af zal one of the murdered nobles. Feri-
shta's account is that on the death of the
king becoming known, ftimid Kh&n with
Ghang(z Khan, Ulug Kh&n, I^bshi and
others, came out to oppose him. Bur-
h&n was thrown at the first charge and
killed by Shirwdn Khin. His feet were
tied to a rope and he was dragged
through the city. The Mirat-i'Sihandari
g^ves the name of Basi u'l Hulk to one
of the nobles who was sent to bring the
new king, A^ad, to the capital, but
Ferishta expressly states that this de-
scendant of Al^mad Shih was nam-
ed Bazf u'l Hulk and was raised to
the throne as A^^mad Shih II. He oon-
tinues, that disg^ted with his nominal
sovereignty, after a 5 years' tutelage he
took refuge with Mirin Mub&rak Shih
one of the principal nobles on whose
death in the field, an aooommodationwis
ag^in effected with ftimid Khin, bat
having expressed himself too openly as
desirous of the death of that minister,
he himself was found dead the next day,
near the river opposite the house of
Wajih u'l Mulk and it was g^venout
that, caught in a love intrigue in that
nobleman's house, he had been unwit-
tingly shdn. The Mirat-i-BiJumdari t^
the story more in detail. On his death,
Itimid Khin produced a boy (not named
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Biieaessioii, massacred twelve of the nobles. Itimild Kh&n prudently absented
himself on the occasion, and next morning collecting his followers, attacked
him and pat him to the death he deserved. He then set up one Razi ul
Hulk by name a descendant of Sultan Ahmad, I, under the title of Saltan
Ahmad (II) as a nominal sovereign and took the government into his own
hands. But when the boy grew to manhood, he altered his purpose and
oarryiog him to the house of one of his adherents> he slew him and then
leading some unknown minor by the hand, swore upon oath that he was
the son of the last SulfiLn MaJl^mlid (II). By fraudful allegations, he be-
stowed on him the sovereign authority and giving him the title of Sul^dn
MozafEar, he himself assumed the reins of power, until his present Majesty
tiirew the shadow of justice over the province and annexed this pro*
sperous country to the imperial dominions.
Hay it ever be adorned with perpetuity and high and low enjoy
ttnfading blessings.
Subah of AJmer (Ajmere).
It is situated in the second climate. Its length from the village of
Bhahar^ and dependencies of AmhSr to Bikaner and Jaisalmir is 168 koi.
Its breadth from the extreme limits of the Sarkdr of Ajmer to Bdnswdrah
is 150 ko8. To the east lies Agra : to the north the dependencies of Delhi :
to the south Qujardt : to the west Dtpdlpur and Multdn. The soil is sandy,
and water obtainable only at great depth, whence the crops are dependent
on rain. The winter is temperate, but the summer intensely hot. The
spring harvest is inconsiderable. Jowdri^ Lahdarak and Mofh are the most
abundant crops. A seventh or an eighth of the produce is paid as revenue,
uid very little in money. The people dwell in tent-shaped bamboo huts.
mFerishta nor, I think, in the Mirat)
whom he swore to be the son of Malymdd
Sbih, II, his mother's pregnancy not
haying been diacovered till the 6th
month when too late to check it. For
Md|ym6d had nnnatnrally interdicted
the fertilitj of his wives to avoid a dis-
puted throne. The nobles accepted or
feared to oppose the pretension, and the
boy was placed nnder the control of
Ithnad KhAn. The snbseqnent history
nay be read in Ferishta, or in Brigg's
free but generally faithful rendering,
but the events of his worthless life
—it cannot be called a reign — are lost
in the contests of the nobles for their
share of short-lived power till the in-
corporation of the kingdom with the
empire on the 24th Bajab A. H. 890
(Nov. 20th 1572). Bayle/s translation
oonolndes with the death of Ma^miid
Shah IV, bnt his original continues the
history of Gnjarit to 1001 A. H. (1592-8)
and the death by his own hand of
the last of its sovereigns.
I Var. Phakar, Bikhar. Bahkar. T.
Bhak<5r. G. Bekhur.
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To the south are the (AratraUi) monntams of which the paaees ore diffl^
oalt to traverse.
This S^bah is formed of Mewdr, Martodr and HadautV- The former
poseegaes 10,000 (troops) and the whole of the Sarkdr of OhMr is depen-
dent on it. Its len^h is 40 Asot b j 30 in breadth. It has three faiaoiis
fortresses, Ohtt&r the residence of the governor, Komhhalm^ and MdndoL
In the village of Ohddarf^ one of the dependencies of Ohainpur is a seiqc
mine. In Ohainpur and other dependencies of Mdn4al are eopper minss,
which are extremely profitable.
The chief of the state was formerly called Bdwal, bat for a long time
past has been known as BdndJ^ He is of the G helot clan and pretends a
descent from Noshirwin the Jnst.^ An ancestor of this family through
the vicissitades of fortune came to Bedur and was distinguished as the
chief of Namdlah.^ About eight hundred years previous to the present
time, Namdlah was taken by an enemy and many were slain. One BSfo,
a child, was carried by his mother from this scene of desolation to Mewdr,
and found refuge with Bdjah MandaltkhP a BML When he grew up to
man's estate he followed the pursuit of a shepherd and was devoted to
hunting in which his daring was so conspicuous that he became in favour
with the lUja and a trusted minister of state. On the death of the
Bdj4, his four nephews disputed the succession, but they eventually
decided to resign their pretensions in favour of Bdpa and to acknowledge
his authority. Bdpc^ however, declined their offer. It happened one
day that the finger of one the these four brothers began to bleed, and he
drew with the blood the ceremonial mark of installation on the forehead
of B^&, and the others also concurred in accepting his elevation. He then
assumed the sovereignty. To this day the castom continues of making
1 Harowtee or H^rdote, a tract form-
ed of the terrritory of Kotah and Bandi,
and named after a dominant tribe of
Bdjputs.
8 I. G. Komnlmair is a pass that runs
throngb a series of ragged ravines in
the Aravalli range and defended by a
fortress. In art. Udaipur, it is spelt
Kamalmer.
8 Var. Ch&war, Ghanra, Jiwadl. G.
Ohowra. In the I. G. (under Udaipur)
Jiwar, 24 milos S. of Udaipdr, is said
to have possessed ziao mines now an-
worked. «
^ The foundation of the Ghelot dynasty
in Rdjpntilna was effectod by Bappa
Bawal who is said to have established
himself in Ohitor and Mew^ in 72S
A. D. I. G.
^ It is asserted that a danghter of
Noshirwin, whose qneen was a danghtec
of Maurice of Constantinople married in-
to the Udaip^ royal family.
A Var, Pamilah. Bamilah. T. writes
the former. G. the latter.
7 Rao Mandalik says Bayley (Hist.
Gnjar4t) is the title assomed by all ths
chiefs of Gim^, p. 183.
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witih hmnuk blood ihu sign of investihire on any Bdna who sncoeedfl to
the tbrona The nngratefol monarch pnt the four brothers to death.
On a former occasion while passing throngh the wilds, mistaking one
Saranfy^ a hermit, for a wild animal, he fitted an arrow to his bow. The
hermit intnitiFely prescient of this action throngh his pnrity of heart,
made himself known, and the IU3A repentantly ezcnsed himself and
hnmblj visited him with assiduity. The hermit one day predicted his
elevation, and marvellons tales are told regarding him. Having made his
head qnartera at Sesoddf the tribe is called Setodiah and as a Bdihman,
at the beginning of their history nurtured their house, they are accounted
8s belonging to this caste.
When Bdtffal Battan Si^ died, a relative named Arn was raised to the
throne and entitled RinA from whom the present Bdna JJm/rd is tenth in
descent^ thus ; Hamir^ Kattd, Ldkha^ Mohal, Komhhdr, Bdemal, Sdngd^
JIdai Singh, PaHdh, Umrd.
Ancient chroniclers record that Sultan A1& ud' din Khilji king of
Delhi had heard that B6u>al Rattan 8i prince of Metodr possessed a most
beautiful wife. He sent to demand her and was refused, upon which be
led an army to enforce compliance and laid siege to Okitor, After a long
persistenoe in beleaguering the place in vain, he had recourse to artifice
and proposed terms of peace and friendship. The BAji readily acquiesced
and invited him to an entertainment. The Sultan entered the fort with
kis chosen followers and the meeting took plaoe amid festivi^ and mirth,
and finding his opportunity he seised the R6j4 and carried him off. It
is said that the Sultan's retinue consisted of a hundred men and 800 picked
soldiers dressed as attendants. Before the R4ja's troops could assemble
he was hurried away to the camp amidst the wailing of his people. The
king kept the B4j4 in close confinement with a view to extort compliance
with his desire. The faithful ministers of the RAji implored the king
Bot to injure him and promised to deliver up to him not only the object of
his love but other suitable partners for his harem. They also sent a forged
letter purporting to come from the virtuons queen and lulled his suspi-
cions to sleep. The king was delighted and not only refrained from
perBonal violence but treated the B4j& with cordiality. It is related
that 700 of the choicest troops dressed as women were placed in
litters and set out for the king's camp and it was given out that the BAxd
with a large number of her attendants was on the way to the royal pavi-
. 1 For. Harbanj. Marf j.
* Far. Battan Sen. In As. Bes. iz.
p. 191. Batna Sinha, whose romantic
love for the beaatifol Padm&vati is the
snljeot of the Hindi poem of that i
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lion. When they approached the camp, word was sent that the Bini
wished to have an interview with the Raji previouB to entering the
king's quarters. Lapped in his illusive dream of security the king granted
the interview, during which the soldiers seizing the opportunity, threw o£E
their disguise and bore off their prince. Time after time the Rijpdte stood
to face their pursuers fighting manfully and many were slain before the
Raj& had gone &r. At length the Chauh^ns, Oaurd and Bddal made
a stand fighting to the death enabling the B4wal to reach Chitor in safety
amidst universal acclamation. The king having endured great hardships
during the siege and finding it to no purpose, returned to Delhi. After
an interval, he set his heart again on the same project but returned dis-
comfited. The B&wal wearied with these assaults, conceived that an
interview with the king might result in an alliance and that he would
thus escape this state of continual strife. GTuided by a traitor he met the
king at a place 7 ko8 from Ohttor where he was basely slain. His relative
Arsiy after this fatal event, was raised to the throne. The Sultan returned
to the seige of Chttor and captured it. The IUj4 was slain fighting and
all the women voluntarily perished by fire.
ffamdr his son betook himself to the adjacent mountains. Sulfin
Muhammad Khuni^ made over the government of Ghitor to M&ldeva Chau-
hin ruler of Jalor. As this prince was unable to bring the province into
order, he summoned flamirf made him his son-in-law, and through his
means restored its prosperity. At his death, Hamir made away with his
sons and raised the standard of independence.*
The present local militia consists of 16,000 cavalry and 40,000 infan-
try, but Mew4r formerly controlled much more extensive territories, so
much so that R4jah Sanka (Sanga) x>0Bsessed a force of 180,000 cavalry
and a numerous in&uitry.
Mdrwdr ia 100 kos ia length by 60 in breadth, and it comprises the
Sarkdrs of Ajmer, Jodhpiiirf Sirdhi^ NdgSr, and BikanSr, It has long been
head quarters of the Edthor tribe. When Muizz u'd din S4m^ had
terminated his campaign against PitMrd (Prithwi Bij^, A. D. 1191 — 93),
1 " The murderer," the special title to
fame of Muhammad Tnglak but this
monopoly of the epithet is scarely fair
to many other members of the royal
honses of Delhi.
S As Abol Fasl has not thonght it
necessary to g^ve the list of the Mewlb?
Binas, I imitate his reserve. The lists
of Wilson and Tod are summarised in
the XXVm Table of the U. T. p. 109.
The dynasty of Bdpd dates from A D.
727 and Jewan Singh the last of bis
race was living in 1828.
* Shah&b n'd din Ab^ Mnzaifor
Mnbammad b. Sim al Ghori (A. D.
1192—1206) the first of the Ghori dy-
nasty in India.
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he resolved to turn his arms against Jaiohand king of Kanauj. The Rijali
in his flight was drowned in the Gtuiges.^ His descendants fell into
obscarity. His brother's son Slha,* who resided in Shumsdbdd was slain
with a large number of troops. His three sons Sutik, Ashwatthama^ and
if;* set out for GnjarAt, and on their way rested at Pdli^ near Sojhat, In
this city dwelt a number of BdLhmans who were much molested by the
Mtnah tribe, some of whom at this period made a raid on the town. The
exiles came out, attacked them valorously, and put them to flight. The
Brihmans gave them great honour and treated them with every considera-
tion and thus alleviated in some degree their distress of heart. As they
acquired the means of worldly success they grew bolder and seized Kh&r^
from the Qohel tribe and thus advanced their condition. Butdc indepen-
dently wrested Eda/r from the Minahs, and Aj setting out for Bagldnah^
took that district by force from the KolU. From that time their descen-
dants have inhabited the country. The descendants of Ashwatthamd who
remained in Mdrwdr gradually gained credit till eventually Maldeva his six-
teenth descendant waxed so powerful, that Sh6r Kh^ nearly lost his life
in his campaign against him.^
This territory contains many forts, but the most important are Ajmer^
Jodhpur, BiJcdner^ JaUahnir, Amarhot, Ah^afh and J&lor.
Hdddottf is called also the Sarkdr of Nigdr. It is inhabited by the
H^ (Hara) tribe.
This Subah comprises 7 Sarhdrs and 197 parganahs. The measured
land is 2 Krors 14 lakhSf 85,941 higJios, 7 biswcu. The revenue in money
* Other acoounts aasert that he was
■lain by an arrow from the bow of Kn^b-
iiddin the favorite general of Mnl^ammad
Ghori, and the founder of the Djuasty
' of the Slave Kings, It is historical that
his body was f onnd and recognised by
his false teeth, "a oircnmstanoe," says
Blphinstone in the solitary instflknce of
homonr in his solemn history, "which
throws grave light on the state of man-
ners." One result of this defeat was the
retreat of the greater part of the Bah-
tor dan from Kananj to Mibrwir.
• Yar. Binh&, 8ik&, Sahb6.
• See p. 226, Vol. II.
• Var. Bawaj, adopted by G.
• Lat. 25'' 46' N., long. 73" 26' 16"
B. acquired says the I. G. by the Bah-
tors of Kananj in 1166 A. D.
• Var. Kather, Kombhlr.
7 He invaded Marw&r in A. D. 1644
and his camp was surprised by an
attack of 12000 Bijpfits who so nearly
put an end to his oompaigning that he
declared he had nearly lost the empire
of India for a handful of millet, allud-
ing to the poverty of the country and the
low quality of its produce. The follow-
ing is the line of Marw4r or Jodhpur
princes in the IT. T. taken from Tod's
genealogical rolls of the Bahtors, pre-
served by the Jains.
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18 28 krSrs 84 lakhs, 1,557 d^ms, {Bs. 7,210,088-14.9) of wbiefa 28 ItAlu,
26,336 ddms (Bt. 51,158-6-5). The local force is 86,500 cavaby, 847,000
infantrj.
Barh&r of Ajmir.
Containing 28 P<irgana%s, 5,605,487 BighcLs, Bevenne in monej,
62,183,390 DdTM. Suyurghdl 1,475,714 Ddms. Tribes, Kachhwdhdh, Af-
ghdn^ CTiauhdn,
Ajm£r with ^Kst. iU fort on a hill, one of tbe
moat important in [ndi»,
Anb^, liaB stone fort on a hill, ...
Bighaa.
795,tt5
1,185,096
170,678
BeTenne
6,214,781
12,266.297
1,766,960
Snydrghal
D.
^2,4«0
1210. Sivaji, grandson of Jaya Chan-
dra eeitled in the dewrt,
iUhtharaa (AsotliaiBa, Tod).
Doohar. T. Dnla fiai. (Wilfbrd.
made attempt on Kananj
and Mand<5r.}
Baipil.
Kanhnl.
Jalhnn.
Cbado.
Theedo.
Silnk or Silko (origin of the
Silk^wats or Bhome^s).
Biramdeva.
1881. Ohonda, atsanlted Manddr and
made it hia capital.
1408. Binmal, of Oohila mother,
made pilgrimage to C^ya.
1427. Bao Joda and 23 brothers, had
separate fief a.
1468. founded Jodhp6r« and
removed from Mand($r.
1488. Bao S^joh, or Siinajmal; rape
of Bahtor yirgiAS bj Path-
ans.
1616. Bao Ganga.
1681. Bao Maldeo, becomes chief
Biija of Bijpnts. Fortifies
1668. Capital: sends son as hostage
to Akbar. ; marriage aBumoe.
1683. Udaya Sinh: Chandra Bmb,
«ph^d bj dans, inetaUed by
Akbar.
1694. Soor Sinh : named Siwai Bxja,
a general in Mogid armies.
1619. B&J& Gaj Sinh, slain in G^jarit.
1637. Jeswant Sinh, died in Cabnl.
1680. Ajit Sinh, poethnmons. Bah-
tor conflict at Delhi 4th
Jaly 1679 (7th Srayan 1716)
80 years' war against eonpire.
Murdered by his son
1724. Abhay Sinh ; entitled Maharija
R&jeswar, 1728.
1749. Bim Sinh, son, defeated by
his nnde.
1749. Bakht Sinh, poisoned in 1762.
1762. Yijaya Sinh (Beejy Sinh) dis-
puted succession with Bim
Sinh.
1798. Bhim Sinh, usurps throne on
his grandfathei^B death, by
defeat of ZaUm 6inh.
1808. Main Sinh. Feud for Kishna
Kumiri, the I7daip6ur pria*
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273
Bighas.
Reyenne
D.
Suyurghil
D.
Parbat.*
279,295
2,200,000
Bi£k6i,»
90,488
486,161
...
Bhaniiy ...
849,774
1,400,000
• ..
Bhadmah,
68,712
271,266
• ••
Bawil, ...
368,712
749,783
...
Bahal, ...
81,914-11
600,000
...
B4ndhan, Sandari,
15,522
435,664
15,674
Bharondi,"
24,220
270,000
...
T6smi,
861,779-12
8,300,090
J6bn^r/
138,718
241,442
...
^ik,
27,092.18
501,844
...
Deogiop,
49,065
1,200,000
...
BiSshanpur,
71,356
692,512
...
Sambhar, has a stone fort,
76,54S
9,649,947
277,687
Sarwir, has a brick fort,
194,064
1,616,825
...
Sithla/
245,136
1,270,009
16,027
Snlaim^nib&d,
72,698
1,860,016
...
Kekri,
147,923
1,808,000
Kh^rwah,
50,640
7,020,847
...
Mabrofc.
252,871
5.756,402
...
M6zibid*
124,361
1,459,577
...
MasaudiWW,
251,978
1,587,990
NaWiinab,
266,614
2,660,159
260ri00
Har8<5r, has a brick fort.
168,278
1,200,926
926
Sarkdr of Ghttor,
Contaioing 26 Parganahsy 1,678,800 Bighas, 17 Biswas. Revenue,
30,047,649 Dams. Suyurghdl, 360,737 Dams. Tribes, R4jpufe Sesodia,
Cavalry, 22,000. Infantry, 82,000.
laUrapiir, known as Rdmpdr,
Udaip6r, here is a large lake abont 16^ K68
in circumference ; by its means wheat crops
are g^own,
Bighas.
101,526
Revenue
D.
7000,000
1,120,000
in money.
SuyiirghM
D.
* Var. and Ot. Parit.
* Var. Biak6hi, Bhakoi. B^ghorwi.
T. Bahacoi. G. Bhagorvi.
* Var. and G. Bhardandah.
* Var. Jotirah, Jon^r, Jonerah.
» Var. T. and G. Sathfli.
* Var. T. and G. Mananrabad.
' The I. G. says 5 mites. T. calls the
35
lake Rai Sigar and describes it aa
abont 2 miles in length and 200 paces
across. The I. G. speaks of another, th^
finest from an engineering point of view
at Eankroli or lUjnagar, of which the
area is abont 12 square miles. There are
besides many othor large artificial laket
throughout the state.
Digitized by
Google
2T4
Bighas.
Revenue
D.
Snydrghil
D.
Aparmil,
27,806
280,000
Art<5d,
44,720
200,000
•••
IsUmpdr, known as Mohan,
...
120,600
in money.
•••
6<5dhn<5r, has a stone fort,
118,265
4,311,551
69,815
PhdlU do.
257,481
2,848,470
43,47a
fianehra) ... ... .••
58,038
3,296,200
244,000
Wr
199,209
2,601,041
13,452
Bhin Sar6r, has a stone fort,
...
1,200,000
...
Bag6r, ... ... ••.
17,44-17
39,550
•••
B^n,
234,804
1,176,729
• 1.
Barsi^ ^ijfptir, has a stone fort,
35,098
1,375,000
...
Chitor, with snb. dist. 2 mahals, has a stone
fort, and is a frontier of Hindnstfo proper.
461,118
800,(D0
• .■
Jiran,
39,218
1,985,250
•••
Bfipwilrgh^ti,
470,294
•••
S Andri, has a stone fort.
5^991
400,020
...
S^mbal with the cnltiyated tracts.
•••
100,000
in money
...
Kosidnah,
62,718
268,812
...
Mandalgarh, has a stone fort on a hill,
...
8,384,750
in money
...
Mdn4al, has a brick fort,
18,B48
447,090
•••
Madiriyd,
...
160,000
in money
...
fJomech (Nimach) Ac 3 mahals,
21,416
719,203
...
Sarhdr of Bantanbhor.
Containing 78 Mahals. 6,024,196 Bighas, 11 Biswas. Revenue,
89,824,576 Dams. Suyurghdl, 181,134 Ddms. Rdjptit Hacjd (Hara).
Cavalry, 9,000. Infantry, 25,000.
Bighas.
Revenue
D.
Snyurghai
Alhanpar,
18,481
1.662,289
20,209
Uniiwl,
67,308
1,237,169
...
AtidA,
45,849
770,525
...
A'tdn.
14,684
600,000
...
Islimpur,
5,191
77,500
...
Amkb6rah,'
...
160, 00
in money.
..<
Antardah,
166,173
1,600,000
...
Iw^n Bosamir,
25,747
1,200,000
... •
Bundi, has a stone fort on a hill, ...
33,161
1,620,000
...
Boli, has a stone fort.
151,430
2,622,747
22,747
* Vdr. and T. Patti.
■ Var. Ankhorah, Anghorah. G. Unghoreb.
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Google
275
Bighas.
Snyurgh^
D.
Bar6dak,
267,326
4,571,000
Barwirah,
168,226
1,969,776
Pa^n,
139,280
2,800,000
,,
BhadUoiji,
96,886
2,686,389
,,
Baklant,
149,087
1,200,000
,,
Palatiah,
29,302
1,400,000
,,
Bh6«Sr,
40,677
600,000
,,
Banahta,
21,267
624,856
••
B^Wnah,
81,616
466,479
•t
Bejri,
16,694
884,890
,.
Bilikhatri,
83,980
800,000
••
BhdriBhari.*
16.846
110,000
.,
Barin,
242,107
880,000
..
T<5nk,
602,402
7,600,000
,,
T6dri,
443,028
5,869,006
.,
400,768
6,456,840
.,
Talid,
22,609
428,288
,,
Jetpdr,
28,014
928,600
.,
Cluiteu,
616,626
7.586,829
,,
Jhalawah.*
13,180
600,000
>•*
Jhiin.
87,758
476,000
Khiljip^r,
80,818
1,209,886
...
Dhari,
97,861
1,800,000
...
Delwirah,
54,668
409,260
9.260
...
783,400
in money.
...
Bantanbh^r with sub. disk.
871-19
166,796
1,606
Rewandhnah,
49,746
430,364
6,292
8uiS<5par.
494,070
6,041,306
Sto6p,
86,636
1,068,876
...
Sahanairi,
28.575
800,000
• ••
Ko^ has a stone fort on a hill, near which
the C hambal flows,
860,878
8000,000
...
Khandar, has a stone fort on a hill.
90,246
400,000
.••
Khankrah,*
220,860
1,611,994
11.994
Khami*
86,448
628,178
26,744
KhdtoU,*
2,389
200,000
,,,
aadwirah/
6,98012
188,095
>••
Kar6r, has a stone fort on a hill,
6.377
200,000
• t.
liikhri, do.
8,623
800,000
• *•
I^ndah,
17,400
260,000
•••
L6harwirah,
20,334
260,000
*••
Jiahiwad,
8,678
126,000
••.
Mdmidinah, 16 Mahalt,
...
4,100,000
...
Kal^imah,
172,698
8,299,241
•f .
Mingrdr,
140,799
1,004,848
...
Naw4hi,
38,927
«30,000
..•
^agar.
83,900
1,000,000
•••
* Under Subah of Ajmir, p. 102 Bhori
Pahiri.
• Tar. Ghhaladah,
8 At p. 102 Delanah.
* Var. Kharti, Khari.
* Var. Khanoi, KhanoU. In Thorn-
ton's Gazetteer ^atoli is mentioned as ^
town in Kotah.
* Var. T. an<l G. Jg^adiud. Gndaved.
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Google
276
Sarkdr of Jodhpur.
Containing 22 Mahals. Revenue 14,528,750 Dams, Tribe, BAthor,
Cavalry 16,000. Infantry, 60,000.
Revenue
Revenue
D.
D.
A'86p has ft brick fort,
6,000,000
Jet&ran, has a small fort on a
I'ndrioti.
8,000
hill.
3,000,0C0
Phulddhi, has a stone fort, ...
640,000
Duniur&, > has a stone fori,
100,000
Palp4rah,
1,463,000
S<5jhat, has a stone fort on a
B^laril,
314,000
hill,
2,812, 750
P&li Ac, 3 Mahals, has a smaU
S^talm^r, do.
660,000
stone fort.
250,000
S^wdnfe, do. one of the
Bahilah,
180,0J0
most important strongholds
P<5dhah has a stone fort,
46,008
in India,
1,200,000
Bah&dar Ajun, has a stone fort
Kh^rwi,
220,000
on a plain,
800,000
Kheonsar, has a stone fort, ...
172,000
Jodhpur with sab. dist. has a
Kund<5j, do.
90,000
stone fort on a hill,
280,000
Mahewah,
960,000
Sarkdr of SirShu
Containing 6 Mahals. Revenne 4,2,077,437 Dams. Tribes, lULjput,
Ghelot, Afghan. Cavalry, 8000. Infantry, 3,800.
Tribe.
Rijpdt.
Do.
Afgh&n.
Rajpdt
Ghelot
Abugafh and Sirdhi, 2 Mahals ; the latter has
a strong stone fort,
Binswarah, a delightful conntry; has a stone
fort,
Jaldr, S4noh<5r, 2 Mahals ; has a very strong stone
fort,
Dungarpiir,
Revenne
D.
f
1
1-4
12,000,000
3000
15,000
8,000,000
1500
20,000
14,077,437
8,000,000
2000
1000
5000
2000
Sarkdr of Ndgor,
Containing 31 Mahals. 8,037,460 Btghas, 14 JBtswas. Revenne,
40,389,830 Ddms. Suyurghdl, 30,806 Dams. Castes various. Cavalry,
4,600. Infantry, 22,000.
Amarsarndin,
ludunah.
Bfghaa
Biswas.
649,809
262,302
Revenue
D.
7,029,370
1,313,006
-a.
OQ
479
400020,000
Gastea.
Eaohhwi-
hah.
Var. Dut&ri. G. Dootara.
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277
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
3
m
1
t— •
Oastes.
Bhadinah,
544,340
1,271,960
70460
BaldV
87,947
670,000
...
Batddha,
143,370
322,816
...
,.,
Barodah,
2,620
220,363
...
^irih Kim,
280,379
68,000
...
•••
J6el.«
293,066
965,273
3200
Jdrodah,
141,692
874,284
2147
...
Jakhrah, snrronnded by a
waste of sand,
...
137,757
...
...
...
...
Khirij Kha^, haa a stone
fort, and a quarry of white
marble.
77,677
348,814
...
D^ndwinah, has a briok fort.
36,631
4,586,828
15215
...
Dfinpiir,
219,698
780,085
■.•
...
Eewiai,
801,171
1,995,824
...
...
R6ii.
616,212
913,251
...
...
Basdipur,
144,986
704,306
...
Bah<5t,
45,269
183,137
...
>••
Sid^lah,
153,032
1,266,930
• ••
Fatehpiir Jahi^jhuD, has a
stone fort.
152,200
1,233,222
...
600
2000
Eiy&Qi Kh&<
Kiali,
28,740
1,587,167
ni.
Khielah,
114,955
558.660
...
Kojdrah,
270,490
466,890
...
...
...
Kdl^wah.
12,748
352,305
...
Enmhiri,
469,881
435,604
3200
...
Kh^rau,*
26,083
57,160
LiA6n,
149,760
780,842
4387
M^tb, has a stone fort, ...
2,144,773
7,701,622
45,437
Manohamagar,
129,895
2,903,386
...
N6khi,
83,096
880,756
••.
... ^
Nagdrwath sub. dist. has a
•
briok fort,
67,756-14
813,581
114,440
...
...
Sarkdr of BikanSr.
Containing 11 Mahals, Revenue 4,750,000 Ddms. Tribe, Bhdti.
Cavalry, 12,000. Infantry, 60,000.
Tribe.
Tribe.
Bikamptir,
Bawalpdr,
...
Bikan^r,
Jaisalmir,
R£th<5r.
Bh&U.
* Bakdd. p. These names will ocoa-
nonally be foond to differ from those in
the nominal list of Mahal s^ given nnder
the ten yeara assessment rates.
« Var. Ohiel.
S Yar. Karan.
Qeran, G. Geyran.
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278
Tribe.
Tribe.
B«harmll,"
P<5kal.
Barkal.
Pokharan,
...
Chan tan,
Kdtri,
Dewadar^
•••
Subah of Dehli, (Delhi).
Tt is in the third climate. Its length from Palwal^ to Ludhiandh on
the banks of the Satl^ is 165 kos. Its breadth from the Sarkdr of Rewdri
to the Kum&on hills is 140 hos, and again from Hisdr to Khizrdbdd is 130
kos. On the east lies^ the capital, Agra : on the north-east it marches
with Khairdhdd in the Sdhah of Oudh : to the north are monntains : on
the south the Suhahs of Agra and Ajmer : on the west is Ludhidnah. The
chief rivers are the Ganges and the Jumna, and both these take their rise
in this Sdhah, There are besides nnmerons other streams, amongst thera
the Ohaghar. The monntains prinoipally to the north. The climate is
nearly temperate. Much of the land is sabject to inundation and in some
places there are three harvests. The fruits of Irin, Tiir4n and Hindustan
are here grown and abundant flowers of various kinds. Lofty buildings
of stone and brick delight the eye and gladden the heart, and it is scaron
equalled for the choice productions of every clime.
Delhi is one of the greatest cities of antiquity. It was first called
Jndrapat^ and is situated in long.^ 114° 38'., lafc. 28° 15'. Although some
*■ In the naaps Balm^r (note) and
RUiot. Races of the N. W. P. I. 37.
' A town of nndonbied antiqnity, snp-
^sed to figure in the earliest Aryan
traditions under the name of Apelava,
part of the Pindava kingdom of Indra-
prdstha.
• The word * Khdwar^ like * Bdkhtar*
is often misapplied and the two are in-
terchangeably and inoorreotly used for
B. and W. alike. Abul Fazl, however,
invariably uses " Bahktar" for W. and
Khdwar for B, though with a southing
tendency, as may be seen from his deli-
mitations of other provinces. Here Agra
is certainly B. of Delhi in longitude, but
it is also almost south of it. See Cunning-
ham's explanation of the anomalous use
of * Khdwar * and * Daltkhin \ in his Ano,
Geog. of India, p. 94.
^ Yar. Indraparast.
• Properly Lat. 28° 38' 58" N., long.
77" 16' 80" B. Though the true ortho-
graphy of this name is Dehli or Dilli, I
shall continue to write as it is usually
written and pronounced. A variant in
the name of this Sdbah, in one of t^
HSS. is Shahjehandbdd,
Digitized by
Google
279
consider it as in the second climate, making the soathom mountaiootM
system begin from this region they are certainly mistaken as the latitude
shows. Sultans Kufhu'ddin (1,206-10), and Shamsu'ddm (Altmish, 1210-
35) resided in the citadel of Rajah Pithwra (Prithwi). Sultan GMydsud(Un
Bdban erected another fort, intending it as a (royal) cemetery. He also
built a handsome edifice in which if any criminal took sanctuary, he was
absolyed from retribution. Muiaz u'd din Kai Kubdd (12[86-9) founded
another city on the banks of the Jumna called Kilukhari, Amir Khusrau
in his poem the " Kirdnu's S^dain^ '' eulogises this city and its palace.
It is now the last resting-place of Humdytin where a new and splendid
monument has been erected. Sultan 4^ t^'^ <^^^ (1295 — 1316) founded
another city and fort called Siri. TugJUakdbdd is a memorial of Tughlak
Shah (1321—24). His son Muhammad (1324—51) founded another city
and raised a lofty pile with a thousand columns of marble and constructed
other noble edifices. Suit an Fir6» (1351 — 88) gave his own name to Sr
large town* which he founded and by a cutting from the Jwmna brought
its waters to flow by. Qe likewise built another palace at a distance of 3
h68 from Firozdhdd^ named Jahdnnumd (the world-view). Three subter-*
ranean passages were made wide enough to admit of his passing along
m mounted procession with the ladies of his harem ; that towards the
river, 5 jarihs in length ; the second towards the Jahdnnumd^ 2 Jeosy and
the third to old Delhi, 3 hoa, Humilytin restored the citadel of Indrapat
and named it Dinpandh (asylum of the faith), Sh6r Khdn destroyed the
Delhi oi 4.ld ud din and built a separate town. Although the monuments
of these cities are themselves eloquent and teach us the highest moral
lessons, yet even is this latest Delhi now for the most part in ru:ins. The
eemeteries are, however, populous. Khwdjah Kufh u*d din Ifshi lies here^
&nd Shaikh Nizdm u*d din Aulia^ and Shaikh Nasvr u*d din Mahmiid, the
Lamp of Delhi, and Malik Ydr-i-Pirdn^ and Shaikh Sald^, and Malik
KaUr-i-Aulia, and Mauland Muhammad^ and Hdji Abdu*l Wahhdb and
Shaikh Abdu*llah J^uraishi, and Shaikh Shams Tark-i*Biydbdni, and Shaikh
Shamsi'Autdd and Amtr Khusrau^ with many other servants of God in-
^ An excellent analysis of this well
known poem by £. B. Cowell will be
found in the Jonm. Ab. Boo. Bengal)
1860, p. 225.
' It 10 supposed to hare ooonpied
the ground between Hnmilyun's tomb
Imdthe Ridge. I. G. The arohiteoture
of Delhi has been treated with appre-
ciation and judgment by Fergusson in
his Hist, of Ind. and Eastern Arch«
Tughluk4biMl stood to the S. of Delhi
between the Kufb Min&r and the Jnmna<
* Of thestf personages the last is suffi«
oiently famous to dispense with a refer-
ence, the rest need not be pursued into
the holy obscurity of their lives. That
Digitized by
Google
280
strncted in Divine knowledge who in this spot repose in their last sleep.
Hei'e too lie Saltan Shahab ud din Ohoriy and Sultan Shams ui^d d4n^ and
Ndsir u'd din Ohdzt, and Ohiyds u*d din, and Aid u*d din and Ku(b u'd din,
and Tughluky and Muhammad 4a^t7, and Firoz and BahUl, and Sikandar
Lodi. Many now living, likewise, have laid out pleasant spots and groves
for their final resting-place — to the introspective a source of blissfal
ecstasy, to the wise an incentive to watchfnlness.
In the hill of Isldmuhdd is a very deep spring called Prahhds^ Xand
from which warm water continually babbles up, and which is a great place
of worship.
Biswamitra Rikhesar^ made a deep excavation of three htghaa of this
hill and devoted it to purposes of worship, and to this day it testifies to the
antiquity of this construction.
Baddon is conspicuous amongst ancient cities and a great many holy
religious are there buried.
A part of the northern mountains of this Subah is called Ktimdon,
Here are mines of gold, silver, lead, ii*on, copper, orpiment and borax.
Here also are found the musk-deer and the Kutds cow,^ as well as silk-
worms, hawks, falcons and game of various kinds, and honey in abundance
and the species of horse called Gut, (Gunt.)
they were born in one place and died in
another and were considered learned
doctors is the usnal extent of infor-
mation to be gained after a laborious
search very inadequately repaid by the
result. The second and third and last
on the list will be, found in Ferishta's
YitsB et acta sanctorum at the close of
his work.
* This is the name of another celebra-
ted place of pilgrimage near Dw^rka.
It was here that occurred the destruc-
tion of the Yadu race alluded to by
Abul Fazl under * Somnath,' when dis-
sension excited by liquor brought about
the fray where they all perished. By
sending them to Prabh&sa, Krishna
purposely prevented the Y^davas from
obtaining " Mnkti " or finftl liberation
which would have been the consequence
of dying at Dw&rk&. Death at Prabhasa
conferred only ludra's heaven. Vishnu
P. Wilson, 609. Prabh^ is one of the 8
semi -divine beings called Vasua. These
in the Mahibhdrata are named Dhara,
Dhruva, Soma, Aha, Anila, Anala,
Pratynsha and Prabhasa.
* Visvamitr is the name of a celebra-
ted Eshatriya deriving his lineage from
an ancestor of Kusik of the lunar race :
he was king of Eanya-Kubja or Kanauj.
His famous quarrel with the rival sage
Yasishtha to perform the great tribal
sacrifice, runs through the Big Yeda and
he succeeded in raising himself to the
rank of a Br&hman by long and painful
austerities. According to the Ramayan
he became the companion and counsel-
lor of the young Ramaohandra. He was
the father of Sakuntala by the nymph
Menaka whom the g^s, jealous of his
increasing power, sent to seduce him
from his passionless life.
* see p. 172, note 2.
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There is game in plenty in the Sarkdr of Sambal (Sambhal), where
the rhinoceros is found. ^ It is an animal like a small elephant, without a
trcmk, and having a horn on its snout with which it attacks animals.
From its skin, shields are made and from the horn, finger-guards for bow-
strings string and the like. In the city of Sambal is a temple called Hart
Uan4aP (the temple of Yishnu) belonging to a Br&hman, from among whoso
descendants the tenth avatAr will appear in this spot. Hdnsi is an ancfent
city, the resting-place of Jamdl the successor of Shaikh Farld-i-Shakar»
ganj,*
Near the town of Sahnah is a hot spring on the summit of a hill, the
peculiarity of which is undoubtedly due to a sulphur mine.
Hi^dr (Hissar) was founded by Sultan Firdz who brought the waters
of the Jwnna to it by means of a cutting. A holy devotee predicted his
accession to the throne and at his request the canal was made. Strange to
say, it enters a pool named Bhcidrd near the town of Sirsdy and there loses
itself. Wonderful stories are related regarding it. There are few rivers
in this district, and wells have to be dug a considerable depth.
Sahrind^ (Sirhind) is a city of note. Here are the gardens of Hdfix
Eakhnah, the delight of all beholders.
Thanesar is accounted one of the most sacred places of pilgrimage.
The SarcuwaH flows near it for which the Hindus have great venera-
tion. Near it is a lake called Kurukshetra,^ which pilgrims from distant
parts come to visit and where they bathe, and bestow charitable offerings.
^ On Saber's 5th inyasion of India in
1525, ho hnneed the rbinooeros at Pesha-
war and killed two on the 15th Deo.
M he notes in his memoirs. In 1519 he
mentions having started many of these
ftnirgftlg to the wost of the Indus where
none now exist.
■ See p. 16 : note.
• See Vol. I. 826, 689.
^ Genl. Gnnningham says (p. 146)
that the name of Sarhind or ' frontier of
Hind ' was popularly given to the city at
an early period when it was the boun-
dary town between the Hindus and later
Mu^^ammedan kingdoms of Ghazni and
iMhore, but the name is probably much
older as the astronomer Yar&ha Mihira
mentions the Sairindhatt immediately
alter the Kul4tas or people of Kullu and
36
just before Brahmapura which was the
capital of the hill country N. of Hari-
dwir.
* It is an oblong sheet of water,
8,546 feet in leugth by 1,900. During
eclipses of the moon, the waters of all
other tanks are believed to visit this, so
that the bather is blessed by the concen-
trated virtues of all other ablutions.
The town has rapidly declined in pros-
perity and is fast falling in ruins. The
sanitary arrangements enforced during
the pilgrimage have checked their popu-
larity and perhaps diminished their
merit. The right ankle of Durga is
said to have fallen here on her being
cut to pieces and her limbs scattered
over the earth by Vishnu. This lake and
the visit of other pools at the time of
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282
This was the scene of the war of the Mahihhdrat which took place in the
latter end of the Dtodpar Yug.
In the city of Hasiinapur reigned Bdjd Bharata who by his jnstice
and consideration for his people gathered a fitting reward of happiness,
and his virtues and good deeds confirmed for a long period the succession
in his family, and fortune favoured son af t«r son. The eighth in lineal
descent from him was JRdjd Kur from whom Kuru-Kshetra received its
appellation. After six intermediate progenitors, an heir was bom named
Vichitravirya,^ who had two sons, one of whom was Dhritardshtra. He was
the father of 101 children, the eldest of whom was Bdjd Duryodhana, and they
are called the Kauravas, The other was Pandu, Although the first men-
tioned was the elder son yet on account of his blindness, the succession
fell to his brother who obtained the sovereignty. His sons are called the
Pdndavas, There were five, namely, Yudishtira, Bhtmsena^ Arjuna, Nakula
and Sahadeva, On Pandu^s death the kingdom reverted to Dhritarashtra,
but although the nominal sovereignty was his, the real power was possess-
ed by Duryodhana. Since to crush their enemies is the way of the princes
of the earth, Duryodhana was ever in fear of the Pandavas and sought their
destruction. When Dhritardshtra observed the growing feud, he resolved
to establish his nephews in the city of Yiranavatra, and sent skilled artisans
with instructions to build their residences. The workmen at the instiga-
tion of Duryodhana constructed a secret chamber of lac and pitch, in order
that at a fitting opportunity the Pandavas might be destroyed in a flaming
conflagration. But whom the Lord defends by his protection, what avails
against him the striving of the impotent ? When the Pandavas accepting
their exile, settled in this spot, they became aware of the design. By
chance a woman with five sons dwelt hard by. The Pandavas set the house
on fire and set out for the wilds with their mother, while their neighbours
were consumed in the flames.
Duryodhana believing that the Pandavas were destroyed, held a festival
of rejoicing. The Pandavas after many adventures came forth from the
wilds to the inhabited country and settled in the city of Bampild, In a
short time, the fame of their valour, skill and open-handed munificence
filled the world, but none knew their name or lineage, till Duryodhana
himself awaking from his dream of security suspected that the burning of
the Pandavas was a fable. After prosecuting inquiries, his suspicions
an eclipse, are mentioned by Albirdni
in bis India.
* He died obildless, bnt at the reqnest
of bifl mother Satja-vati, the Bishi
Dwaip&jana raised np three children
to him, viz., Dhritarashtra, Pandn and
Vidnra. Viehna Parana.
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283
were confirmed, upon which he had recourse to eDtreaty, and recalled them
with protestations of friendship, hoping thus to secure his aim. He be-
stowed Delhi (Indraprastha) upon them with half his kingdom and retained
Easiinapur with the other half. Yudishthira by his prudence and good
fortune aided by the divine favour rose to greatness and his administra-
tion advanced his power. The Kauravtis flocked to his service, and in a
short space he acquired universal sway. The other brothers likewise re-
daced many princes to their obedience. Duryodhana was beside himself
at the sight of their sovereign splendour, and the pangs of envy drove
him more distraught. With deceptive intent, he held a festival and invited
|.he Pdndavas and proposed a game of chaupar^ playing himself, with
cogged dice. By this means he won all they possessed. The laat stake
was made on the condition that if the Pandavas won, they should recover
all that they had lost, but if otherwise, they were to quit the royal domi-
nions and wander in the wilds for twelve years in the garb of mendicants
after which they might return to civilised life for a year, and so conduct
themselves that none should know them. If this last particular were in-
fringed, they would have to pass a similar period of twelve years in the
forests. Unsuspecting foul pKy, their uprightness brought them to ruin.
£lated by the success of his device, Duryodhana was lulled into the slumber
of a false security while the Pandavas under the divine direction accompli-
shed their part of the agreement. Duryodhana now began to treat them
with severity. Much altercation followed till the Pandavas consented to ac-
cept five villages if peacefully surrendered to them. Duryodhana in his
pride refused and rose in arras. The scene of the conflict was in the vicinity
of KurU'kshetra. But as the end of the fraudful is disaster, Duryodhana^
and his companions were totally destroyed and Yudishthira was victorious
after eighteen days of successive engagements.
Towards the close of the Dwdpur Yug^ 135 years before the beginning
of the Kali Yug, and 4,831 years anterior to this the 40th of the Divine
Era,^ this event rose into fame and was left to posterity as a record of por-
tentous warning.
It is said that in this mighty war, the army of the Kauravas consisted
of 11 achliauhiniy and that of the Pandavas of 7. An achhauhini consists of
21,870 men mounted on elephants, the same number in chariots, and 65,610'
cavalry; and 109,350 infantry. Marvellous to relate but 11* individuals
' See p. 15 where it is stated that
from the •ra of lUja Tudhishthira to
the 40ih of Akbar's reign (A. H. 1003,
conunencing 5th Deo. 1594 and ending
25th November, 1595 A. D.) there had
elapsed 4,696 years, making the com-
mencement of the Kali Yug 3,101 B, C.
To this period an addition of 135 brings
the figure to 4,831.
« Var. 12.
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28i
of both armies survived this war. Four of the army of Duryodhanat
escaping with their lives took refuge with Yudkishtiraf viz.^ Kripdckdra^a
Br^lhman who had been preceptor to both families and was renowned for
wisdom and valour; Ashwatthimdn who was celebrated for the same
qualities ; Kritvarman Yadu, a brave champion ; and Saniaya who, together
with his reputation for wisdom, acquired renown as the charioteer of
Dhritardshtra, On the side of the Pandavas, eight survived,^ t»V., the
5 brothers ; Satyaki Yadu famous for his bravery and sagacity ; Yuyutsa
brother of Duryodhana by another mother, and Krishna. After thig
Tudishtira reigned supreme for 36 years, and his happy destiny wad
virtuous disposition discovering to him the vanity of mundane things, he
sought retirement and resolutely forsook a world that oppresses the weak.
Together with his brethren he chose the path of renunciation and played
the last stake of his life.
This great war has been related in the Mahdbhdrata with numerous
episodes in a hundred thousand couplets, and has been translated into
Persian by command of His Majesty under the title of Bazmndmah
(History of the War). It is set forth in eighteen Parbh or books. The
first part is an account of the KaiM'avas and Pandavas and a list of contents.
The second ; Yud^shtira sends his brethren to conquest — his supreme mo-
narchy— the gambling feast held by the Kauravas, &c. Third, the depar-
ture of the Pandavas into the solitude of their exile and other events.
Fourthy the coming of the Pandavas from the wilds to the city of Finito and
remaining unknown. Fifth, the Pandavas discover themselves ; the media-
tion of Krishna and his rejection; the gathering at Kuru-kshetra and
disposition of the armies. Sixth, the opening of the combat, the wounding
of Bhtshma, the slaughter of many of the sons of Dhritardshtra, and the
events of the ten days* engagement. Seventh, the council of war held by
Duryodhana ; the appointment of Drona^ to the general command, his
death and other events during five days. Eighth, description of the two
days' battle ; Duryodhana names Kama to the command, his exploits — the
flight of Yudishtira before him — the death of Kama at the hand of Arjuna
on the second day. Ninth, Shalya is appointed general on account of his
heroism — his death — Duryodhana conceals himself in a tank — his end and
that of many champions. Tenth, the conclusion of the war, the coming of
Kritvarmdn, Ashwatthdmdn, and Kripachdraya to Duryodhana on the field
of battle while still breathing and his advice of a night attack &o»
* Var. 7. The text has chosen the ( • The fonnder according to tradition,
wrong variant in taking 11 for 12. I of Dankanr in Balandshahar Dist L G.
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285
Eleventh, the lameniatdons of the women on both sides — O^udhiri mother
of Duryodhana carses Kriihna. Twelfth, aooonnt of Tudishtira after the
yictory — ^his desire to resign his kingdom. Byds and Krishna comfort him
bj their oonnseL BhUhma delivera many admirable and instmctive
maxims setting forth the duties of sovereign administration. Thirteenth,
the advice tendered by Bh^hma, In my judgment, the 12th and
13th books should be comprised in one as they both contain the counsels
of Bkishma, and the 9th divided into two, the one dealing' with the episode
of Bhalya and the other with the death of Yudishtira. Fourteenth^ the
great horse-sacrifice (ashwa-medh). Fifteenth, the retirement to a hermi-
tage of Dhriirardstra, Gfdndhdri, and Kunti mother of Yiidishtira, Sixteenth,
the destruction of the Tadu tribe. Seventeenth, Bdja Yudishtira retires
with his brethren who all perish in a snow-drift. Eighteenth, Yudishtira
in his own body mounts to the upper world ; the dissolution of the mortal
remains of his brethren. The conclusion called Harhans, contains the
histoiy of the Yadus,
In this work, although there are numerous extravagant tales and
fictions of the imagination, yet it affords many instructive moral observa-
tions, aod is an ample record of felicitous experience.
This Subah contains 8 Sarkdrs subdivided into 232 parganahs — the
measured land consists of 2 Mrs, 5 lakhs and 46,816 Bighas 16 Biswas.
The revenue is 60 krors, 16 lakks 16,566 DAms (Rs. 16,040,388-14) of
which 3 krors, 30 lakhs, 76,7.^9 are Suyurghal (Rs. 8,26,893-7 7). The
local force is 31,490 Cavalry, 242,310 Infantry.
Sarkdr of Delhi.
Containing 4S Mahals, 7,126,107 Bighas, 17 Biswas. Revenue
123,012,590 Dams., Suyurghdl 10,990,260 Ddms. Castes various. Cavalry,
4000. In^ntry 28,980.
IsUmib&d P&ka1,ha8 a stone
fort on a hill,
A'^hah,
Pintpat, has a briok fort, ...
Bighas
Biswas.
970,67-19
14,912-8
668,444
Bevenne
D.
1,779,407
51d,081
10,766,647
OQ
31,462
46,420
8,640,632
60
20
100
I
1000
200
2000
Castes.
R£jp(itSind.
Ahir.
Afgh&n, OS-
jar, Rang-
hap.»
' This term is more strictly confined
to Rijp^ts converted to IsUm, bnt in
parts of Delhi, partionlarly Rohtak, it
is indiscriminately applied to B&jpiits,
whether Hindn or Mnhammadan. The
probable derivation is from the Sansk.
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Palam,
Baran, has a brick fort on
the Kdli Nadi,
B^bpat, on the Jnmna,
between two streamB, ...
Palwal, * has a brick fori; and
it stands on a monnd, ...
Bamilwah,
Puth, has a brick fori/,
B^ri Dobal^han,
Tilpat, has a brick fori>, ...
Tandah Bhagw£n (Tdndah
Phnganah; on the Jnmna,
Tilb^mpiir,
Jhajhar,
Jh^rsah, has a stone fori; in
the village of Dhinah
bnilt, by Sult^ Piroz on
the banks of the av^M* ...
J^war,
Jhinjh&nah,
Ohapranli, stands between
two streams ...
Jal&Ubiid, stands between
two streams amid
mnch forest ...
Jalilpdr Barwat> much
forest
Bighas
Biswas.
245,240
171,160
200,616
284,783
146,000
48,191
119,002.19
119,578
61,669
14,287-7
128,417
87,928
188,746
67,923-16
82,201-12
96,189
42,061-17
Revenne
D.
6,726,787
8,907,928
8,682,868
1,769,498
1,879,126
621,749
1,404,226
8,077,913
1,289,806
870,874
1,422,451
8,606,228
1,878,878
1,700,250
1,138,759
1,833,711
1,001,876
0
1,231,880
153,190
180,259
218,226
60,769
7,248
92,583
11,866
15,764
306,461
176,079
85,489
100,250
6,719
1,775
70
20
20
26
25
60
40
40
I
1000
800
200
600
200
600
800
400
200
100
1000
600
400
800
800
600
400
Castes.
Jat.
[Brilh:
Chanh&n,
Biijput., Gu.
jar.
Shaikhzi-
dah.
To^iwar
(Tnar).
Jat.
Brihman,
E£jp6t,
Gdjar.
Afghan,.
Jat.
Afgh&n, Jat
Badgdjar.
B£jpdt,
Ghh6kar.*
Jat.
Do.
Do.
Do.
K^ ran, battle. See Elliot's Races,
N.-W. P., I, p. 4. The Gnjars,'and Ran-
gpars of Delhi are notorious as being
among the few rural populations that rose
against us in the Mutiny, p. 180.
* This mound stands to this day consi-
derably above the surrounding level and
consists entirely of ancient remains
crumbling to decay. It is a town of
undoubted antiquity and supposed to
figure in the earliest Aryan traditions
under the name of Apelava, part of the
Pandava Kingdom of Indraprasthra,
I. G.
' A note states that the maps mark a
village called Ddhinah in the parganah
of Sahntth near the confines of Jdrsah
parganahj but no river is mentioned.
* Claim descent from a Jadon lUjpdt.
Elliot. I. 99.
* T. and G. have 8er6t and Seroot
respectively. The I. G. mentions one in
Rae Bareli the other in Fyzabad Dist.
the latter was a flourishing weaving
town and an imdmbdrah was bnilt at a
cost of £400 by a voluntary contribution
of 4 of a pice for each piece of cloth
from each weaver. The King of Oadh
hearing of this, commended their libera-
lity and piety and as an encouragement,
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Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenae
D.
I
1
1*
Castes.
The old sabnrban distriot, ...
128,417
1,422,451
306,460
10
40
Jat, Ohan-
hin.
G6jar, Jat,
The new do. do. ...
86,447
3,685,315
595,984
25
800
Ahfr.
971
786,406
18,783
135
1,500
Dasnah, between Ganges
and Jomna, •••
282,777
4,933,310
162,535
60
800
Gheldt (here
some illegi-
ble words.)
Didri TAh^ ..'
179,789
4,826,059
118,577
20
400
Afghin, Jat.
Dankanr, on the Jnmna, ...
128,523
1,016,682
4,340
20
200
G6jar.
Rohtak, has a brick fort, ...
686,886
8,599,270
428,000
100
2,000
Jat.
Bonipat (Sonpat) has a briok
fort,
288,299
7,727,828
77M05
70
1,000
Afghan, Jat,
8afid(kn, has a brick fort, ...
81,780
1,975,696
99,647
60
600
Rijpdt Ran-
ghar, Jat.
Sikandarib&d, ...
66,907-16
1,259,190
17,844
50
400
Bhiti,G6jap.
Sartwah, has a brick fort, ...
42,887-12
1,583,899
31,914
40
300
J(>*»Ac.
Sentah*
89,147-9
854,191
48,207
80
800
Chanh&n.
SiyAnah, between two
streams
166,407-17
849,090
4,959
50
400
Taga.*
8hakarp6r
62,139
2,111,996
780,805
70
200
Ohanhin.
Karn41, the stream S&n-
janii flows below the
town
540,444
5,678,242
207,999
50
800
Banghar
Ohanhiin.
TagA.
Ganaor, has a brick fort ...
40,990-16
1,718,792
83,890
20
400
Garh Hnktesar, has a brick
fort on the Jumna, a
Hinda place of pilgri-
mage
101,840-10
1,591,492
41.490
40
400
RAjpnt,Mnsal
man, Hindu.
Katanah,
91,706-13
1,423,779
892
20
150
Jat.
K4ndhlah,
68,934-5
1,874,430
87,930
20
80
G6jar.
Kasnah, on the Jumna
104,021-19
1,622,315
149,250
40
400
dS.
Kharkkandah, ...
51,895-15
1,105,856
4,958
50
600
Afghan, Jat.
graciously desired its continuance, as a
contribution to his private purse. It is
not reported how the weavers received
the royal message.
' T. Sanhata, G. Sanyhet.
' Sir H. Elliot has an interesting dis-
ooflsion on the Gaur Tagas, an important
tribe of Brahmincal descent in the N.-W.
of India extending over a great part of
upper Bohilkhand, the upper Do&b and
the Delhi territory. Mr. Beames supple-
ments his conclusions with a note which
embodies without accepting the learned
but unsafe deductions of General Cun-
ningham. Tod's Bajasthiln furnishes
additional matter if not imformation,
regarding the obscurity of their origin.
Sherring's Hindu Tribes and Castes
should be consulted in elucidation of the
doubtful readings of the text, a note on
each of which would be impracticable.
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288
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenue
GQ
1
1
Castes.
Ganger Kb^rah, (E. Gang^ru
has a brick fort between
two streams ...
11,062-16
816,406
13,880
40
300
Sayyid.
Ldni, has a briok fort be-
tween two streams
76,868
8,278,878
148,446
20
200
Hirath (Meemt) has a briok
fort between two streams.
610,422
4,391,996
381,096
100
300
Tag*, Bin-
ShandriH.
Mindintbi, the autumn har-
vest abundant: near the
town a tank with is never
dry thooghout the year.
90,464
2,868,223
2,934
80
600
Jat.
Hasfddabad, has an old
briok fort
89,478
2,809,156
269,319
SO
80
Do.
Hastinipdr, on the Ganges :
an ancient Hindu settle-
ment,
176,340
4,466,904
36,291
20
300
Tagi.
H&piir, on the Ki\i Nadi
between two streams, . . .
239,846
2,108,589
6,229
4
300
Do.
Sarkdr of Baddon,
ContaiDing 18 MahaU. 8,093,850 Btghaa, 10 Biswas.
34,817,063 Dams. SuyurgMl. 457,181 Dams. Castes various.
2,850. Infantry, ?6,700.
Bevenae
Cavalry,
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenue
D.
I
1
!
f
Castes.
AJiop,
82,467-17
1,362,867
...
500
3000
Chauhan.
Ao^lah,
14,701
690,620
•••
60
400
Kavwar.*
Badao^ with suburban dis-
»
trict.
668,820-6
7,357,6''l
287,986
60
6000
Shiukhii-
dah, Kiy-
ath.
Bar^li,
661,227
12,607,434
91,820
1000
10,000
Rijpdt.
Barsar,
196.700
2,147,824
6,764
60
600
E&yath.
Paund, (BlUot Pdnar.)
6,749
260,840
•••
60
300
Kah<$r!
Talhi,* (BsOhati),
26,982
1,077,811
1,605
60
1000
Tagi, Brah-
man.
Bahiswan,
263,120
2,493,898
16,444
100
2000
Bands Mandeh, (B. Satdsi
Mundiyd), •••
68,110
796,316
3,471
60
600
Tagi, BWLh-
* Var. Jandrdn.
• Var. Tovwar (Tudr).
• Vdr, Talhati. Elliot Balat
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269
^
Bfghas
Biawaa.
Raven ae
D.
t
1
1
Castes,
QQ
o
60
a
1-^
Snnej^,
29,758
1,81"5,725
500
Ulds.?
K4nH.
65,684
2,489.869'
48,444
8.Q
2000
Bichhal.
K6% Silbihan, has a fort : ...
227,500-8
1,219,165
...
60
600 1 Ka^jwir."
CWlah,
24,640
1,186,931
4,267
100
1000
Dewak/
BiohhaL
8a/rkdr of Kwmdon,
Coniaining 21 Mttkah. The revenue of 5 Mahals undetermined. 16
Mahals, in money. 40,437,700 Ddme. Cmtm various. Cavalry, 3000.
liifantry, 50,000.
Eevenne
Kevenua
D.
JakHLm,
D.
Aodan,»
400,000
5,000,000
BhdksiandBhdkai, 2 Mahals,...
400,000
Jariyah,
8,000,000
Bastwah,
200,000
Jdwan,
2,600,000
Pachdtar,
400,000
Gfaaoli, Sahajgar* aazarpCir,*
Bhikan Diwir,
200,000
Dwdrahk^,
Bhakti,
11,000,000
Malwiirah,*
2,500,000
Bh6ri, andetermined.
Mal£oh6r, Sitaoh<5r, K^mtia,
RatiU»
10,026,000
8 Mahals,
6,]37.700
Chanki,*
400,000
Sarkdr of Sambhal,
Containing 47 Mahals, 4,047,193 Bighas, 2 Biswas.
66,941,431 Ddms. Suyurghdl 2,892,394 Dams. Castes, varioas.
4,375. Infantry, 31,550. Elephants, 50.
Reveuae.
Cavalry,
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenne
D.
1
i
43
1
s
Castes.
Amsdhah, ...
Aasampiir, ...
laUunpdr Bharii,
820,654
66,467
66,096
6,342,000
2,389,478
1,870,640
993,358
187,644
12,183
1000
80
100
5000
800
200
60
Sayyid.
Tag<i.
Baiahnavi.
. * Tar. and T. Adon, O. Adown.
' Tar. and O. Batila.
• Var. Thanki. O. Thungy. T.
IrtttgU.— Note "in the maps, Chanki,
37
now called Balahri and Sarbani.**
* Now Jaspiir.
* Now Ghidarp6rah.
* Var. Talwirah.
Digitized by
Google
200
Bigbas
Biswas.
Reyenne
D.
1.
1
1
i
Castes.
m
o
M
S
trjhiri, ...
125,221
697.600
2,788
20
200
Jat.
Akbardbid,
58,790-14
640,264
27,860
50
200
...
IsUmpdr Darg6,
11,217-10
429,675
675
20
200
iBUmib&d, ..
26,26MO
846,848
6,894
50
500
...
Jat.
Bijnanr, ...
60,862
8,865.465
18.164
60
500
...
Tag*, Brah-
BaobhaHU)?,
115,226-12
828,822
8.632
50
800
nan.
Tagi,
Bir<$i,
16,027-12
150,000
...
25
100
<••
K<$hi.
Biiiix^,
8,008-7
200,000
...
25
100
...
Kbasia.!
Ch&ndp6r ...
87,278
481,071
259,959
50
200
...
Tagi, Jat.
Ao.
Jat.
Jal^Iibiid, ...
49,893
1,470.072
12.268
25
100
...
Chauplab, (T. and var.
Chanp&lah),
1.016,199
1,840,812
...
100
500
...
Gkmr.
Jbild.
26,795
237,809
84,916
50
400
...
Jat.
Jadw4r,
76,767-19
828.846
...
50
200
...
Ba^jar.
Subarban distriot of
8ambbal»
206,450
8,822,448
148,789
100
500
...
Tag^ BWLh.
man, Ao,
Deorab,
96,965
1.924,887
...
25
200
...
Bbnkab (EUiot Dh^Ucah),
180,158-16
670,864
6,487
25
200
...
Bab^
Dabhirsi, ...
82,692-11
280,806
...
25
200
...
Bidflab, ...
80,180-15
210,000
...
20
100
...
K6hi.
Biljpdr,
189,890
700,000
*•.
50
400
...
Rijpnt
Bijabpiir, ...
40,846-9
612,977
2,288
25
150
•..
K<$kar.
Sbaikba^dab.
8ambbal» bas a briok
fort,
46,400
850,968
68,404
50
400
...
Khokbar.*
Beobirab, ...
27,945
1.888,782
1.418
60
800
...
Tagl
Sirai,
52.400-11
968,769
152,814
20
200
..*
Sayyid, Ao.
Bahantpdr,
54,844-10
944,804
1.088
50
400
...
Tagi.
S^rsiwab, ...
87,608
808,065
• »•
15
400
.«•
Kaorawah.
Bb^pkdt, ...
19,870
4.921,051
218,157
100
1000
...
8b&bi.
80,417
900,496
472
20
200
...
Ganr.
Kundarki, ...
86,164
674,986
74,936
60
400
••«
Kiyatb.
Kiratp^, ...
80,973
2,410,609
166,218
100
500
...
Tagi, Jat.
Kaobb,
99,868
1,248,995
5,766
20
200
...
Ganddar, ...
18,676-17
761,620
84,270
80
200
Taga.
K&bar,
88,282-7
566,589
16,019
60
400
...
CbanbfaL
Ganaur,
51.005-1
267,919
17,719
10
100
«..
Musalmin.
Kbinkari, ...
81,546-7
200,000
...
10
100
Lakbndr, ...
246,440
2,499,208
82,988
lOOC
6000
...
Gaux^
Lfswab,
1,871
100,000
...
10
100
...
Hagbalpor,
168.874
8,580.300
80,800
100
500
...
Tag<,
Hanjbanlab, (B. Ha-
jhaulah),
142.461
1,787,556
6,970
400
8000
...
BiutetfjaF.
Handiwar, ..
65,710
1,266.995
20,465
25
800
...
Bais.
Kadinab, (Elliot Nagf-
nah),
99.288
2,647,242
284,868
50
500
...
Ahlr.
1 Kbassiab is given in Elliot (Appen-
dix, 0. 287, I.) as a brancb of tbe
Budraa.
> A Bijpdt clan, wbiob bas been oon-
sidered to be tbe same as tbe Gbald»r.
B. J. 99,
Digitized by
Google
291
Kahtanr, in this p<ir-
ganahf the mnlberrj
grows in great per-
fectiofn of sise and
sweetness — a span in
iength)*^ ••• ••*
Neodhanish,
Nardil,
Hatamnah,
Bfghas
Biswas.
85,974.12
209,620-10
181,621
6,706*14
BeTenne
1,788,160
904,676
1,408,098
260,000
f
4,675
48,212
60
100
60
60
I
800
600
400
400
Castes.
Tagi.
Oanr.
Ba^g6jar.
Kddar.
Sarkdr of Sahdrcmpur,
Mahals. 3,530,870 B{gka$^ 3 Biatoas. lUvenne,
Castes, Yarions. Cavalry,
Containing 36
87,839,659 Dams. Suywrghal 4,991,485 Ddms
3,955. Infantry, 22,270.
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
^Q
i
1
I
Castes.
£
1
2
i_
Indri, has a brick fort
near the Jnnina,
148,900*28
7,078,826
691,908
60
1000
...
Ranghar,
Tagi.
G6jar,
A9w£n.t
Ambihtah, ...
17,764
824,560
...
ao
800
Bndhinah,...
155,688
8,698,041
181,780
40
800
Tag4, Jat
Bidauli, ...
111,226
8,115,125
1,400,255
...
...
...
Sayyid.
fiahatkanjiwar.
178,471
2,676,407
146,749
50
500
...
Ta^
Bh6gp6r, has a brick
B&rhah.
fort on the Ganges,
a Hindi place of wor-
ship,
94,428
2,888,120
6,941
100
1000
...
B£jp6tSar{r.
P6rohap&p,
86,940
2,191,460
120,488
20
200
...
Bh^nah, (EUiot Bh^-
mah), ...
67,461
2,185,496
28,458
2000
7000
.11
Sayyid.
Baghri, ...
60,890
1,918,196
74,840
80
200
...
Jat.
Bhanith, ...
49,288
1,821,4^
8,650
20
200
...
Tag6.
281,877
8,578,640
817,860
20
500
•••
Rajpiit,
Sadbiir.
1 Probably, according to Dr. King, the
JforiM laevigata, a long thin berry with a
mawkiBh, sweet taste.
t This word ( c)!^' ) signifies • aiders'
or 'assistants.' Unless it be another
form of Anfdri, I am nnable to explain
it and the text g^ves it on the authority
of all MSS. without comment. This
town is the residence of the P£rz£dah
family of Sayyids. It many be an
error for wb^ for which see Yol. I, p,
456, n. 2.
Digitized by
Google
292
Jaarisiy
JauU,
Gharthawal,
Baburban distriot of
Sahdranpur, has a
brick fort olotbs of
the kinds, Khdfah and
Chautdr (Vol. 1, p.
94) are here nade i&
perfection,
Deoband, has a briok
fort,
Bdmptir, ...
Borki,
Bdepfir TiUr,
Sikri fihnkarh^ri)
Sarsawah, has a briok
fort,
Sardt,
Sirdhanah,...
Bambalh^r^*
Sdranpalri,...
Khat4nli, ...
KhcSdi,
Kairdnnh, ...
Gangoh,
Lakhnanti,...
>Inza£Farab&d,
Manglaar, has
fort.
brick
Halhaipur,...
Nakdr,
Kinautah, ...
Bighafl
Biswas.
81,856
211,761
45,663
85,916
212,836-16
836,861
79,419
2,768
4,688-8
183,211
106,800
90,617
113,780
31,963
10,648
104,747
86,618
71,246
62,137
79,694
81,305-15
60,987
81,010
65,612-10
29,224
BeTenoe
D.
222,277
2,471,277
1,810,067
1,668^2
6,951,646
6,477,977
1,777,908
1,628,860
869,060
3,003,611
2,616,125
2,207,779
1,690,606
1,011,078
674,320
3,624,588
2,614,673
2,025,288
2,029,032
1,796;058
4,074,064
2,850,311
2,244,070
1,387,070
724,168
GQ
128,863
71,297
152,396
68,872
706,448
641,946
78,697
8,361
110,611
16,165
53,571
43,342
11,078
22,628
190,919
58,906
223,579
322,515
76,602
71,899
197,266
23,077
26,104
18,684
20
100
60
50
25
40
40
60
20
300
300
20
^40
»00
40
40
80
200
200
800
300
400
200
200
200
200
1000
300
260
800
4C)0
200
200U
2C00
200
300
500
300
800
Castes.
Jat.
Bidar.
Sayyid,
(Gayalry
entered
under Sar-
<5t.)
Ta«i.
Afghan,
KaUl, Tags,
fitiiar. Tags.
Sadb&r,
Tagi.
Rajput,
Sadb4r,»
Tagi,
Brnhman.
TagA.
Jat.
Tagi.
Do.
Tagi, Ahir.
Sayyid (Car.
entered
ander
Bhonah.)
Jat.
Tagm, Kolal.
Jat, Taga
Oujar.
Tarkomin.
Do.
Ranghar,
Sand^ •
Brahman,
Ba^gnjar.
Afghin,
Brahman.
A^han,
Brihman.
Afghikn.
1 Var. Sadar,
3 Sanbaltar&.
ft Yar. Sadri note suggests Pnudlr.
Digitized by
Google
298
Sarkdr of ^Swdrt.
Gentainmg 12 Mahals. 1,155,011 BigkaSy 10 Biswas. Snydrghal.
789,268 Bdms, Revenue • • • ♦. Cavalry, 2,175. Infantry, 14,600.
BiCgbas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
3
So
1
1
Oastes.
Biwal,
110,375
4,114,763
16,274
100
2001
Eijpfit,
Ah{r, Jat.
Do. Do.
P^tn&dfai,
61,970
2,270,080
6,260
60
600
BhiSharah, (E. Bhorab) ...
38,647
766,548
846
100
leoo
Abfr.
•Korii, has a brick fort, ...
36,868
986,228
61,673
60
600
Mnsalmin,
KbaildAr.*
BewM with sob. dist. ; has a
brick fort,
405,108
11,906,847
404,100
400
2000
Tbatbar,
Abir, Jat.
Batii Jatii, ...
62,1«0
269,608
628
• >•
400
E(5t l^asim Ali,
80,410
3,367,980
110,880
26
400
Rijpiit,
Ahir.
GheMt,
27,270-10
666,688
...
700
2000
Bijpiit Tha-
tbar.
Eohlmah, •..
16,264
421,440
...
60
600
Do. Do.
6iilmab, bas a stone fort on
a bill ; here a bot spring
and Hind^ shrinQ,
261,738
8,928,864
160,668
200
2000
Do. Do.
Kimrinab, bas a stone fort
on a bill, ...
85,047
682,269
...
600
4000
Various.
8ark6/r of Hi§dr Firdxah^ (Hissdr),
Containing 27 Mahals. 8,114,497 Bighas. Revenue, 52,554,905
D6ms» Suyurghdly 1,406,519 Lams. Castes, various. Cavalry, 6,875,
Infantry, 60,800.
Bigbas
Biswas.
Bevenue
D.
1.
1
1
200
100
1
2000
1000
Castes.
Agr(5wab (var. Agr<5hab).
Game of idl kinds abounds.
Sport chiefly bairking, ...
Ahioni,
46,717
19,537
1,748,970
857,367
6,664
160,033
JM6,' Jat.
Gujar, Jat.
> Yar. Kbald&n, Jald&z.
* Called after the Emperor Fir6z
Bbib Tngblak who founded the town of
that name about 1864 A. D.
* Yar. 9£t6, JM, J&^d is no doubt
correct. It is anotber form of tbe word
Jat, but also means a branch of the
Cbam&r tribe, and is said to be a R4j.
p6t tribe about Kam&l, chiefiy Mu^am-
madans.
Digitized by
Google
294
Bfgbaa
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
1
i
1
Castes.
A^kherah, has a briok fort,
and a Hindu temple called
Goyardhnn,'...
82,991
1,676,200
...
200
2000
Jat, To^wlr.
Bhangiw&l,
•••
1,800,000
..•
200
2000
Jat,
PAnya.*
Pnniy£i>,
...
1,200,000
**•
160
8000
Jat, Ponvan.
Bh&rangif ••• •••
*•*
880,882
...
20C^
2000
E6(bdr,Jat.
BarwIUah,
186,799
1,097,807
109,062
100
1600
Maliks^dab,
BalfWl.
Bhafcd,*
...
440,280
• at
50
1000
Jat.
Barwi,
6,264
64,680
• *.
26
800
J&tii,Jat.
Bhatn^r baa a briok fort, ...
15,688
988,042
•••
500
10,000
B6^b6r, Baj*
pdt.
Tobinab, Do.
180,744
4,694,854
160,680
400
8000
Afgb£n,
Lobani.
Bi^b6r, Raj.
Tosbfim,
611,075
1,068,548
2,686
200
1000
piit^ Jat.
Jind) 8 miles from tbe town
in tbe Tillage of Pandirab,
is a Hind6 temple,
281,684
5,401,749
128,080
600
4000
Stiir, lUj.
pdt, Ji^.
Jam^lp^, tbe Gbaggar flows
tbrongb several Tillages
bere,
142,465
4,277,461
81,461
700
400
To^war, Jat.
Hisir (Hissir) witb snb.
dist. bas 2 forts, one of
briok, one of stone,
176,512.18
4,089,895
188,879
600
2000
Ji^, Ban.
gbar,
Sowirin
•
(Sbeoran),
Singw£n.«
Db&tarat, bas a briok fort,...
29,207-18
978,027
46,666
100
2000
Jat, Afgbln.
Sirsi, do.
258,866
4,861,868
168,104
600
5000
Jnnab (note
Jobiya).
Seor&n,
...
400,000
...
100
1000
Jat, Seorin
(Sbeoram.)
^ Goyardban (nonrisber of kine) name
of a bill in Brind&ban, said to bave been
lifted up and supported by Krisbna
npon one finger for 7 days to shelter tbe
cowberds from a storm of rain sent by
Indra to test Krisbna's divinity. Henoe
be is called Oovardhan dJuxr and Oin dhar
tbe bill-supporter. A variant of A(kbe-
rah is Ankharab. G. and T. Augharab.
' A Jat clan.
* At p. 106, Bba^. Tbese disore-
pancies cannot always be noted and must
be compared by reference to botb lists,
See BUiot's Races N-W. P. Vol. II, p.
188.
^ Tbis and tbe Sbeoram are two of
tbe cbief Jat clans of tbe Delhi territory.
Digitized by
Google
396
Bfghas
Biswas.
Reyenne
D.
1-
i
60
1
Castes.
8f dhmiikh, soil mostly sand,
171,872
500
IWjpfit,
B&(h<5r,Jat.
Bewftni,
48,512
76,750
...
100
1000
B4jp6t,J4^
Shinsdah Diliit (sixteen
■
Tillages) ...
29,740
960,111
12,586
200
1500
B4jp6t, Tov-
Fatb^b^, has a briok fort,
88,661
1,184^892
81,867
200
8000
Gdjar, Jat.
GolUnab,
68,961
2,876,116
16,146
800
8000
Jat, a^ofd
in which the Hindds think
it anspioions and holy to
bathe,
- 19,488
1,119,864
47,978
100
2000
Jat, Gadi
(var. Kan.)
Mnhim, has a brick fort (an
inegible sentence follows
in one MS.) ...
188,080
4^968,618
84,202
700
2000
Riipdt,
Tovwar,
Jat.
HInai, has a briok fort, ...
886,115
5,484,438
180,056
600
7000
Biljpdt,
Unltim,
Ji(u, Jat.
Bark&r of Sirhind,
Containing 33 MahdUy 7,729,466 Bighas, 7 Btswas.
160,790,549 Ddjns. Suyurghdl, 11,698,330. Castes, varioas.
9,225. Infentry, 55,700.
Bevenne,
Cavalry,
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenne
D.
1"
1
f
Castes.
AmbAlah,
Ban6r,
Pi^l, has a brick fort,
164,769
420,887
626,932
4,198,094
12,649,958
7,822,260
821,488
1.087,209
162,267
100
700
200
1000
8000
2000
Ranghar,
AfgUn.
Ranghar,
Jat.
Bb<$dar (Bhad<5r),
86,877
8,108,269
1,406,106
50
700
Jat, »IA
Bhatti.
Raoghar.
Manj« (Var,
Shaikh).
Jat.
Bba|andah,
Pindri,
Thifah, has a brick fort on
theSntlej, ...
84^190
278,866
8,126,000
686,870
7,860,809
47,152
2,869,841
400
20
1500
2000
800
1,000
» See. Vol. I, p. 626,
L
Digitized by
Google
296
1
Bighaa
Biswas.
Berenus
D.
0
00
i
50
f
Gastea.
Tbin^sar, has a brick fart. 288,988-17
7,860,803 J
2,069,841
160&
B*nghar,
Jat.
Chahat (T. and O. Jhet,
Jhnt.) on th© Ghaggar. 1
158,749
760,994
49,860
860
1100
Afghin,
Rijpdt.
Jat.
Chark (T. Djerk G. Jerk).
63,683
1,638,090
21,619
20
300
Khizr&Wid^ has a brick fort.
88S,489
12.069,918
6a, 170
200
8^00
Bh^t^, J«k.
D<5rilah»
66,768
2,188,443
86,710
50
300
Ranghar.
Dh6teh,
71,357
1,601,346
1,346
300
1500
Rijp^t.
Deor^nah,
12,339
680,986
17,385
20
200
Jat.
Eupar, has a brick fort, ...
66,144
6,006J649
26,034
200
1000
Rajput 4ft(v
Birhind with smb. disi. has
a brick fort,
1
828,468
12,082,630
603,636
1700
2000
RAjp^t,
Bar^h,
Khanff^
D&dah
(D^du?)
Jat.
Sam&nahy
904,261
12,822,270
782.000
70o| 2000
BarAh. Jat.
BunAm, has a brick fort, ...
988,562
7,007,696
7,696
500 2000
RangYkar.
Sadhdrah, has a brick fort.
84,861
4,298,064
273,266
400
6000
Chaahin,
Rangbar.
Bnlt^nfHir 6&rhah,
13,736
427,036
3»,769
20
100
Do. Rajpdt.
Bhih&bRd,
134,146
6,761,468
761,687
200
1600
Chanhin,
B4jp6t,
Patl^pfir,
60,931
684,370
15,440
25
400
Rfijpdt, Pun-
dir.
Rangbar,
Jat, Bar^h.
(var.
Karydt Hie Sam6,
28,099
1,220,090
6,874
40
900
B&rah.)
•Kethal, has a brick fort:
here Hinda shrines,
918,026
10,638,630
309,146
20(»
3000
RAjpdt.
Guhr^m, Do.
188,674
6,138,630
1,058,982
50
100
Rangbar,
Jat, Khanri.
Lndbiinah. has a brick fort
on the Sntlej,
43,469
2,294,633
44,633
100
700
Awfin.'
Khaari,
Rangbar.
Chauhin,
Rangbar.
Jat.
Hnstafadb&d,
271,399
7,496,691
570,976
200
1000
Masengan,
204,877
7,058,259
626.690
200
1000
Mans^urptir,
116,242
1,830,. '25
326,690
200
1000
Raaghar.
M£l^r,
103,444
260,683
2(J,176
100
500
• - •
Mnnj.
MiUshhiw&rah, has a brick
fort.
17,272
250,662
260,552
100
500
Khauri, WAh
(var
Wirah).
Hipari,
98,756
1,146,118
...
80
800
Rangbar,
Jat.
^ Bee Blliot, I. 113. Extract from
Onnningham who g^ves the possession
of Tazila to this people before Alexan-
der's invasion. Also Vol. I, p. 466, of
the present work.
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Sovereigns of Delhi.
Twenty princes reigned 437 years 1 month
Anangpil, T^o^war (Toar or Tenore of U. T.)
Basdeva
Ghangnn (var. Khanku, Khankdr, Kankeo,
Kanakp&l Gangn.
Pirtbimal (var. Pirthip41) ...
Joideva ... ..» .#•
Nirpal (var. Hirpdl)
Adrah, (var. Andiraj and 26-8-15)
Bichhraj
Bik, (Anekpil, Anakpil) ...
Baghnpal
Nekpdl (Eekhpdl)
Gop&l ... .•• •.•
Solakban ... ... ...
Jaipil
Elai^warpdl
Anekpil
Bijaipdl, (var. Tajpdl) ... •••
Mahipdl (var. Muhetsil) ...
Akn^pil ... ... ...
Pirthiraj ••• ... .••
28 daye
.i
Tb.
M.
D.
.. 18
0
0
.. 19
1
18
. 21
3
28
.. 19
6
19
.. 20
7
28
.. 14
4
9
. 26
7
II
.. 21
2
13
.. 22
3
16
. 21
6
5
. 20
4
4
. 18
3
16
. 25
2
2
. 16
4
13
. 29
9
11
. 29
6
18
. 24
1
6
. 25
2
13
. 21
2
15
. 22
3
16
* This number does not accord with
the totals. It would be as unprofitable
ms it is hopeless to attempt to digest or
reconcile the order, number and lengpth
of these reigns among various authori-
ties, when dates are unknown or con-
jectural, the names of the princes dis-
puted and their existence xpythioal.
After this, the minute exactness of their
duration of reigns would be ridiculous
enooj^h even were not the totals short
of the number that heads the list, hy
about 60 years. Tiefitenthaler begins
38
the series from Tudishthira, differing as
widely from Wilford and Tod, as they
do from each other, and follows with
another series from " quelques ecrits
persans" at variance with what has
preceded, and continuing with a farther
list of princes " rapport^s encore diff^re-
ment " from a Persian history. The un-
ravelling of this tangle will afford abun-
dant occapation to those interested in
these details. I suspect that they are
not many.
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208
SeTen princes reigned 95^ years and 7 months.
Ys. M. D.
Bildeya (Baldeva) Gbanhin ... ... 61 4>
Amr Gangd ... ... ••• ... 5 2 5
Ehirpal ... ... ... ... 20 1 5
Sdm6r ... ... ... ... 7 4 2
Jdhir ... ... ,•• ... 4 4 8
Kdgdeva ... ••. ••• ••• S 1 5
Pithaura (Prithwi Bie) ... ..* ... 49 5 1
III.
Eleven princes of the Ohori dynasty reigned 96 years 6 months and
20* days.
AH. A. D.
588 1192 Salt&n M^izzn'ddin^ Muf^ammad
S6m Ghori ••• ... 14
jj^ntbn'ddin Eibak ... 4
Ar&m Sh&h, his son ... 1
Shamsn'ddin Altmish ... 26
Bnknn'ddin Fir<5z Sh&h, his
son ••• ... ... 0
Baziah, his sister, ... 3
Muizzu'ddin Bahr&m Shdh,
his brother ... ... 2 1 15
^.Un'ddin Mas^dd Sh&h, his
nephew ... ... 4 1 1
Nd^irn'ddin Mat^niid Sh&h,
his uncle ... ... 19 8 0
Ghiya^u'ddiu Balban ... 20 and some
months.
Mnizzn'ddin Eaiknbid, his
grandson ... ... 3 Do.
IV.
Thirteen princes of the Khilji dynasty reigned 129 years 10 months
and 19 days.
688 1289 Sultan Jalaln'ddin Khilji 7, — some months
602
1206
607
1210 „
607
1210 „
633
1285 „
631
1236 „
637
1239 „
640
1242 „
643
1246 „
664
1265
685
1286 ,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
28
6
6
« Var. 78 and Gladwin 88. The total
gives 94-7. Cf. Table XXIII of U. T.
p. 104, and Table L of the Indian
djnastieB taken from Ferishta, p. 124.
• Var. 8.
* Also oaUed Shahibn'ddin.
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299
Ys.
M. D.
695
1295
Snlt&i
1 j^lda'ddin Kbilji his nepbew
20, some months.
716
1316
>»
Shah&ba'ddin Omar, his son
0
8 some
days.
717
1817
»
^ntbu'ddin Mmb&rak Sh&h,
bis elder brother
141
4 0
721
1321
ft
Nd^im'ddin Ebasran Eb&n,
0
6 0
721
1321
99
Ghijd^a'ddin TughlaV Shib,
4, some months.
725
1824
99
Mn^mmad, bis son,
27
0 0
752
1351
99
Fir6z Sb&b, son of bis pater-
nal uncle,
88 some months.
790
1388
n
TagblaV Sb&b, his gprandson,
0
6 8«
791
1889
»
Aba Bakr Sb&b, son of bis
paternal uDole,
1
6 0
793
1391
»
Mnbammad Sb6b, bis pater-
nal uDcle,
6»
7 0
796
1893
)>
j^la'addia Sikandar, bis son.
0
1 11
796
1393
It
Ma^mud, bis brother,
V.
Eb4n* of the Sajyid Dynasty,
20
2 0
817
1414
Eliizr
7
2 2
824
1421
Mabirak Sbdb,
13
3 16
837
1433
Muhammad Sbilh, „
10, some months.
850
1446
BnHii
L AlauMdin ^ilam Sh&b,
7
do.
854
1450
ft
Behl61 Lodi, ...
38
8 8
894
1488
»
Sikandar, his son,
28
5 0
923
1517
9f
Ibrahim, his son, •••
7, some months.
ft
BAber,
5
0 0
»>
Humayilin, ... .,.
9
8 1
947
1540
»
Sh6r Kb&n S6r, ...
5
0 0
952
1545
l>
Salim Elb&n, bis son,
8 and odd.
^ All the HSS. ooncnr in this glaring
error, an erident slip of a copyist of 14
for 4. He was wsed to the throne on
the 7th Hoharram A. H. 717 (22nd Maroh
1317) and was killed 6th Babii I, A. H.
781 (6th Apnl 1821.)
• Var. 8.
* Thus in all MSB., but Ferishta dis-
ooTors the method of computation bj
^»ijjifg this reign from the abdication of
his father Fir<5z Shih in his favour on
the 6th Sh^b&n 789 A. H. (21st August
1387) to his death on the I7th Rabii I
796 (20th January 1898) disregarding the
two intermediate reigns.
^ I take the dates from the U. T. bui
discrepancies arise from disputed succesi
sions, and the state of anarchy which
often existed in the interTaU of these
reigns.
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300
Ys. M. D.
960 1558 Saltin Mdbdris Khin Adali.
961 1553 ^ Ibrahim, ••• ... some months.
962 1554 „ Sikandar, ... ... ditto.
„ Humiyte, ... ... 13 0
In th« year 429 of the era of Bikramijit (A. D. 372) AnangpdP of the
To^war tribe reigned with jostioe and founded Delhi. In the year 848 of
the Bame lani-solar era (A. D. 791) in the vicinity of that renowned city,
a hotly contested battle was fought between Prithirdj To^war and fiildeTS
Ghanhdn, and the sovereignty was transferred to this latter tribe. During
the reign of R4j& Pithanra (Prithwi Itdjd) Sal^n Maizzu'ddin S&m made
several incursions into Hindustan without any materiid svccess. The
Hindu chronicles narrate that the B&jd engaged and defeated the Sul^in^
in seven pitched battles. In the year 588 A. H. (A. D. 1192,) an eighth
engagement took place near ThAnesar and the Bijd was taken prisoner.
One hundred renowned champions (it is related) were among his special
retainers. They were severally called Sdmant^ and their extraordinary
exploits cannot be expressed in language nor reconciled to experience
or reason. It is said that at this battle none of these champions was
present, and that the Bijd kept to his palace in selfish indulgence,
passing his time in unseemly pleasure, heedless of the administration of
the state and of the welfare of his troops.
The story runs that Rdja Jaichand Rath6r, who held the supremacy
of Hindustan was at this time ruling at Kanauj, and the other Rdjas to
some extent acknowledged his authority and he himself was so liberal-
minded that many natives of Irdn and Turan were engaged in his servioe.
He announced his intention of celebrating the great sacrifice symbolic of
■ Another name for Raja-S^na. Wil-
ford sajB that he was called Anangp41a
or befriended by love probably for
his snocess in his amonrs, which he
displayed by carrying off his brother's
wife. Teiffenthaler calls him Rasena
and credits him with the bnildmg of
Delhi, which is confirmed by the Agni^
por&na. Wilford's criticism of these
dates and his emendations (Vol. IX. As,
Res. p. 169) are based on the incorrect
statement that Abol Fazl makes the
1st year of Yikramaditya to correspond
with the Ist of the Hijra. His oonoln-
sions are consequently entirely wrong.
' The text should hnve ^LkJLo in*
stead of ^^UaJU as in the S. nl M.
• I learn from Professor Cowell tha*
the primary meaning attached to this
term in the St. Petersburg Diet, ia
* neighbonr,* and the second signification,
' vassal/ in which sense it often ooeors
in Sanskrit poetry. Monier Williams
defines it as "a noighbonring king"*
feudatory or tribotary prince " and adds
a third meaning <a leader, genenli
champion ' which applies to the text
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301
paramount supremacy and set about its prepamtions. One of its conditions
is that all menial service should be performed bj princes alone, and that
eren the duties of the royal scallery and the kindling of fires are directly
a part of their office. He likewise promised to bestow his beautiful
daughter on the bravest of the assembled chivalry. B>iji Pith aura had
resolved to attend the festival, but a chance speech of some courtier that
while the Chauhan sovereignty existed, the great sacrifice could not
legitimately be performed by the Ra^hdr chief, inflamed his ancestral
pride and he held back. Raj4 Jaichand proposed to lead an army against
him, but his counsellors representing the duration of the war and the
approach of the appointed assembly, dissuaded him from the enterprise.
To carry out the integrity of the festival, a statue of Riji Pithaura was
made in gold and placed in the office of porter at the royal gates. Roused
to indignation at this news, Bajd Pithaura set out in disguise accompanied
by 500 picked warriors and suddenly appeared at the gathering and carry-
ing off the image, he put a great number to the sword and hastily returned.
The daughter of Jaichand, who was betrothed to another prince, hearing of
this adventurous deed, fell in love with Pithaura and refused her suitor. Her
father, wroth at her conduct, expelled her from her chamber in the palace
and assigned her a separate dwelling. Pithaura, distracted at the news,
returned with a determination to espouse her, and it was arranged that
Ghdndi a bard, a rival in skill of Babylonian^ minstrelsy, should proceed
to the court of Jaichand on the pretence of chanting his praises, while the
IUj4 himself with a body of chosen followers should accompany him as
attendants. Love transformed the intention into act, and by this ingenious
device and the spell of valour, he carried off his heart's desire, and after
prodigies of bravery and heroism reached his own kingdom. The hundred
Sdmanis (above mentioned) accompanied him under various disguises.
One after the other they covered his retreat and defeated their pursuers.
Gobind Rae Gehldt made the first stand and bravely fighting, fell. Seven
thousand of the enemy sank engulfed in death before him. Next Narsim^h
Deva, Chdnd^, Pundir, and S4rdh61* Solanki, and Pdlhan Deva Kaohhwdhah
with his two brothers, during the first day's action, after performing feats
of astonishing heroism sold their lives dearly, and all these heroes perished
in the retreat.
known proverbial expression for fasoina-
tion and enchantment. I am not, how-
ever, satisfied with the gloss but cannot
amend it.
• Var. Sadh61.
* The words in the text ^^*^ji^ are
meaningless, and the variants are not
clearer, bnt to one MS. that reads ^ij^t,
a marginal note explains it with the
synonym 4/tt a Babylonian, a well-
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302
The Raj4, with the bard Ch^ndil and two of his brothers^ brought
bis bride to Delhi amid the admiration of a wondering world.
nnfortanatelj the prince was all engrossed bj his affection for his
beantifal wife and neglected ail other affairs. After a year had thus
passed, Saltan Shahabn'ddin by reason of the above events, formed an
alliance with Bdjd Jaichand, and assembling an army, invaded the country
and captured many places. But no one dared even to represent, not to say,
remedy this state of affairs. At last, the principal nobles meeting
together, introduced Chandi through the seven gates of the palace, who
enteiing the women's apartments, by his representations somewhat
disturbed the Rdj&'s mind. But in the pride of his former victories, he
marched to battle with but a small army. As his brave champions were
now no more, his kingdom fallen from its ancient renown, and Jaichand
his former ally, reversing his past policy, in league with the enemy, the
B&jd in this contest was taken prisoner and carried by the Sul^in to
Ghazni. Chdndd in his fidelity and loyalty hastened to Ghttzni, entered
the Sultan's service and gained his favour. By his address, he discovered
the Raj 4 and comforted him in his prison. He proposed that he should
praise his dexterity with the bow to the Sultan who would desire to wit-
ness it, and that then he might use his opportunity. The proposal was
carried out and the R^jd pierced the Snlfdn with an arrow. His re-
tainers fell upon the Raj& and Ch&ad4 and out them to pieces.
The Persian historians give a different account and state that the
BdjA was killed in battle.
Fate discloses many such events from its treasure-house of wonders.
But where — and blessed is he — who will take warning thereby and act
on the lesson ?
When the Chauhdn dynasty fell, the choicest portion of Hindustan
passed into the hands of Sul^dn Muizzu'ddin Ghori. Leaving Malik
^u^bu'ddin (Eibak) who was one of his slaves, at the village Guhr^m,^
he himself returned to Ghazni, laying waste the hilly country on his
northern march, ^u^bu'ddin in the same year possessed himself of Delhi
and many other places and followed up his successes with remarkable
ability. On the death of Mi?^izzu*ddin, Ghiyd^u'ddin Mahmud son of
Ghiy^^u'ddin Mul^ammad sent from Firdzkoh (his capital) the um-
brella and insignia of royalty io Malik J^utbu'ddin. ^utbu'ddin was
* See list of towns in Sirhind Division, I it at 70 k6t from Delhi. The hilly oonntry
p. 296. Ferishta writes riband places I he wasted was the Siwiliks. Feriahta.
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803
eniKroned at Lahore and exalted his repntatiou bj bis justice, mnnificencd
ftnd valour. He lost bis life while playing at chaugdn.^
The nobles raised his son Aram Shdb to the throne, but a strong faction
set up Malik Altmish, who had been a purchased slave, and was the son-
in-law and adopted heir of ^utbu'ddin. Arim Sh&h was defeated and
retired into obscurity, and Altmish assumed the title of Sharasu'ddin.
It is said that his father was chief of some of the Turkish tribes. His
brethren and cousins distracted by envy, sold, like Joseph, this nursling
of intelligence, into slavery. Through the vicissitudes of fortune, he had
various changes of masters until a merchant brought him to Ohazni.
Saltan Muizzu'ddin S6m proposed to purchase him, but his owner chafEered
for his value and placed an exorbitant price on him. The Sultan enraged,
forbade any one to purchase him. IjCutbu'ddin on his return to Ghazni
after the conquest of Gujarit, having obtained permission, bought him for
a large sum and adopted him as a son. Khw&jah IjCutbu'ddin Ifshi* was
his contemporary and edified the world by his outward demeanour and the
sanctity of his interior life. When Altmish died, his son (Buknu*ddin
Fir6z Shilh) succeeded him who regarded wealth as a means of self-indul-
gence and thought little of winning the affections of his people. He
made over the control of affairs to his mother Shdh Turkfin. The nobles
withdrawing their allegiance raised Baziah the daughter of Sultan
Shamsu'ddin to the throne. The Sultan himself had previously made her
* He fell with his horse while playing
at polo, the modern term for an ancient
game, and the pommel of his saddle
entered his chest and killed him. A.
H. 007, (1210 A. D.) Ferishta. The
Kntab Minar, a mosqne at Delhi still
preserve his name, if not his memory.
The old chaugdn or polo grounds still
exist, sajs Cunningham, (Lad&k, p. 311)
in every large town in the Panjab hills ;
in BiUspor, Nadon, E^ng^, Haripor
and Ohamba where the goal stones are
still standing. The g^me is repeatedly
mentioned by Baber, but became obso-
lete gradually after bis time.
* ITsh is in Transoziana and was his
birthplace. He is also known as Kaki
from the miraculous production of bread
cakes of the kind called in the vernacu-
lar }tdk supplied by the prophet Khizr
for the needs of his family whose sus-
tenance his meditations gave him no
leisure or occasion to provide. These
cakes were in Ferishta's day still baked
and offered at his shrine. His mother
was a woman of great and austere virtue,
and his future sanctity was predicted
by Khizr by whose personal apparition
he was twice honoured. He was offered
by Altmish the office of Shaikh u'l Isl&m
which he declined. His intercourse
with that monarch and the eminent
saints of his day may be gathered from
Ferishta's monograph of his life at the
close of his history. He died on the 14th
Eabai I, A. H. 634, (A. D. \236). A
sketch of his life is given in Dorn's
History of the Afghans, Book III, p. 2,
and his death placed in A. U. 603.
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804
his heir. Some of his courtiers asked him the reason of his doing so while
he had pons still living. He replied that his sons, addicted to drinMng
were unfitted for the dignity. Daring the reign of Muizu'ddin Bahram
Shdh, the Mughal troops devastated Lahore. A disloyal faction imprisoDod
the king and put him to death. In the reign of Sultan 4^Uu*ddin Masaud
Shdh occurred an eruption of the Mughals into Bengal, entering by way of
China or Tibet, . but his troops defeated them. Another body advanced
from Turkieht^n to ITch. The Saltan set out to engage them, but on reach*
ing the banks of the Bidh, intelligence reached him that the enemy had
retreated. He returned to Delhi and there afEected the company of low
and base flatterers and ended his days in prison.
Na^iru'ddin MeJ^mud ruled with capacity and munificence. In his
time also, the Mughals entered the Panjdb but retreated on hearing of his
approach.
The " Tabal^&t i Nd^iri "^ takes its name from him. He had many
excellent qualities. Ghiya^u'ddin Balban who had been the slave and son-
in-law of his father, he raised to the vank of chief minister and gave him
the title of IJlugh' Kh4n. This minister filled his high office worthily
and sought the divine favour in watchfulness over his people.
N^iru'ddin dying without children, the faithful minister was raised
to the sovereignty. Clemency and solid gravity of character added fresh
lustre to his dignity, and far from spending his precious hours in unworthy
pursuits, he gladdened his kingdom by his appreciation of merit, his
knowledge of men and his devotion to God. Those of ill repute and the
wicked were banished into obscurity, and the good happily prospered under
his encouragement. He conferred the government of the Panjdb on his
eldest son Mul^ammad, commonly known as Khdn i Shahtdy^ through whose
valour and vigilance the province rested in security. Mir Khusrau and
Mir Hasan were in his suite. He was returning from a visit to his father
^ A general history of Persia and
India, down to the time of Saltan Kasfr-
n'ddin of Delhi, A. D. 1252. The
anther was Abn Omar Manhdj al Jor-
j&ni.
* C^ or kr^ as it is sometimes written
is a Tartar word and signifies * great,'
and ased often as a proper name [as in the
case of Ulagh Beg grandson of Timur.
• Or the martyred prince. See his
death in Elphinstone, after his defeat of
the Mughals under Tf mdr Kh&n, and in
Ferishta under Ghiyasn'ddin Balban
where Abnl Fazl's assertion of the
prince's unpreparedness is not confirmed.
It was in the pursuit of the fljiag
Mughals that he was surprised by an
ambush while he halted by the banks of
a stream to drink and to return thanks
to God for his victory. Mir Khusrau
alludes to his escape in his well-knoim
poem, the Khizr Khani.
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nnprepared for hostilities, when he enoountered some Mughal troops be-
tween DipAlpdr and Lahor and lost his life in the action, Mir Khnsran
was taken prisoner bat contrived to escape. The province of Bengal had
been bestowed by Ghij^a'ddin on his youngest son Bughra Kh&n.
On the death of Ghiya^u'ddin, the nobles despatched Kai Khasran
the son of Khan i Shahid, who had been nominated heir, to (his father's
government of) MuU^n, and bestowed the title of Sultan Maizzu'ddin
Klaikab^d on the son of Bnghra Khdn who thus acquired the sovereignty
of Delhi. His father in Bengal, assuming the title of Ni^ini'ddfn
inarched to Delhi whence Kaikabdd advanced with a force to encounter
him. The armies met on the banks of the Sarjd (Oogra) near the town
of Ajodhya> and through the conspiracy of disloyal and evil counsellors,
the father after the interview returned to Bengal and the supreme sove -
reign ty rested with the son. It is strange that Amir Khusrau should have
chosen such a subject as this interview for encomium in his poem the
Kirdn u^s Sgtdain, The fortunes of this thankless unfilial son through his
insobriety fell into decay. A faction set up his son, under the title of
Shamsu'ddin to remedy the disorder, and the body of the wretched Kai-
kubad was flung into the waters of the Jumna. Shamsu'ddin was set
aside and the sovereignty, by assent of the ministers, conferred on the
S^iiljis.
Jaldln*ddin who was paymaster of the Imperial forces, ascended the
throne and by his simplicity of character lent no favour to the designs of
the factious. His nephew Malik ^^liu'ddin who had been brought up
under his care, went from Karrah to the Deccan and having amassed great
booty was inflated by its possession and proved rebellious. The Sult4n
by the persuasion of intriguers advanced from Delhi to Karrah, where the
traitor slew him and assumed the title of Sul^^n A^au'ddin. Thus by
a marvel of Fate did the empire devolve on this miscreant, yet he accom-
plished some excellent reforms. On several occasions he encountered and
defeated the Mughals. Mir Khusrau dedicated to him his Khamsah^ and
the story of Dewal* Rdni to his son Khizr Khdn. Unfortunately he aban-
' Oryive poems, via., the HashtBihisht,
Sikandar Ndmah, Panj Gauj, Laila wa
Majn6s, Shirin wa Khasraa.
• Known as Dewilde to western litera-
ture. Moore in a note to the preface of
Lalla Rookh alludes to this poem on the
anthoritj of Ferishta as " the history
of the lores of Dewilde and Chizer
39
the son of the Emperor Alia, written in
an elegant poem by the noble Chnsero."
The story will be found in Briggs,
Vol. I, pp. 327-866. Kaui?la Devi her
mother, tlie wife of Karan Rie of Nahr-
w6la had been taken captire in the wars
against that prince (1297) and placed in
the royal harem. In 1806 an expedition
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daned his usual pmdenoe and fell under the inflaence of a eunuch (K&t6r) on
whom he conferred the conduct of the administration. Through the sugge^
tions of that wretch, his three sons Ehizr Eh&n, Shddi Khin and Mubarak
Khan were imprisoned, and on hia own death, by the same instrumentality
the youngest son was raised to the throne under the title of Shahdbu'ddin.
He destroyed the sight of two of his brothers, but Mubarak Khan
providentially escaped. A few days later the wretch (KdfAr) was
himself assassinated and Mubarak Kh4n wha was in prison became chief
minister.
Subsequently he deposed his younger brother, and assumed the title
of Sul^n Kutbu'ddin. He reduced Gujar4t and the Deccan. Throngh
his incapacity and licentious disposition he chose a favourite of the lower
orders named Hasan for the comeliness of his person, and bestowed on him
the title of Khusrau Khan. Although the faithful ministers of the Crown
represented the man*s unworthiness and infamy, the king regarded their
honest advice as the suggestions of envy, till Khusrau Khan, plotting
secretly, dared to assassinate his master and assumed the sorereignty under
the title of Na^irn'ddtn. He put to death the surviving members of the
family of 4-l^a'cldin and perpetrated the greatest cruelties. Malik Qh&fi
who was one of Alau'ddin'a chief nobles, defeated and slew him and with
the concurrence of the nobles, ascended the throne with the title of Sul^n
Ghiya^u'ddin Tughla^l Sh&h. After settling the affairs of Bengal, he
returned to Delhi. His son Mnl^ammad Khan erected a pavilion at thb
distance of 3 kos from Delhi, in the space of three days and with much
entreaty invited the king to enter it. The roof of the building fell in and
the king perished in the ruina. Althongh (Zidu'ddin) Bami^ endeavours
proceeding to the Deocan imder E£fdr,
Kaa^la Deri represented to the king that
ehe had borne two daughters to her for-
mer husband, that one had died, bat the
other Dewal Devi was still alive and she
desired to recover her. Passing throngh
Mdlwah, Kitur demanded her of Karan
Eae withont snooess. Shankan Deva
Rile, prince of Deogarh had long songht
to obtain her hand, but the proud Raj-
pnt had hitherto refused his daughter to
the npstart Mahratta. The desire to
gain his aid in the war against the king's
troops secnred his consent and he des-
patched her nnder an escort which fell in
accidentally with a body of Mu^^am-
madan troops near the caves of EITora.
An engagement resulted in the capture
of the princess and her deapatch to her
mother at Delhi. Her beauty won the
heart of Khizr Khin the king's son and
the rough course of their lore with its
hapless termination is celebrated in the
Khizr Kh&ni. When they first met
these precocious Tovers were respective-
ly ten and eight years of age.
' The well-known author of the Tar^h
% F&o» Shdhi,
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to sabstantiate the innocence of Ma|^mmad Khdn, the haste with which
the pavilion was erected, and the eagerness to entertain the king therein,
have all the appearance of guilt j design.
When Snlfin Mul^mmad died, Fir6z the son of (S&ldr) Rajab his
paternal ancle was, according to the will of Muhammad, raised to the throne.
He ruled with capacity and prudence and left many useful works as
memorials of his reign. At his death anarchy to some extent prevailed in
the empire. A faction set up his grandson (Ghiyaffu'ddin) Taghlal^ Shah
(11) but in a short space he was sent to his last sleep by the hands of
traitors and Abu Bakr^ another grandson succeeded him.
In the reign of Sul^n Mahmdd, the direction of affairs devolved on
Mallu Khin who received the title of I^b^l Khan, but his incapacity and
ill-fortune were unequal to the burden of state guidance. Internal dis-
orders arose. A grandson of Fir6z Sh^h was acknowledged by some,
uader the title of Na^rat Sh4h and increased the anai*chy. Constant strug-
gles took place in the vicinity of Delhi till in the year 801 A. H. (A. D.
1398) Timdr invaded the country. Sultan Mji^imdd fled to Q a jardt and
every competitor for power was crushed.
When Tiraiir was on his ret am march, he left Khizr Khdn, whom he
had met during this invasion, in the government of Multan and Dipdlptir.
For two months Delhi was a waste. Na^rat Shdh who had fled into the
Dodb, took possession of the throne. Ilfhil Khin then marched on Dal hi
and seized it and the other fled to Mew&t. Maljimtid Khdn now came from
Gujardt and Ikbdl Khan f«igned acceptance of his service. One night the
Sultan, in desperation of his affairs departed alone to the court of Saltan
Ibrahim of the Sharki dynasty (of Jaunpiir) but met with no encourage-
ment nor assistance. He was compelled therefore to return and Jl^bal Khdn
DOW opposed him bat without success, and subsequently was taken prisoner
in an action against Khizr Khan and was slain. Sultan Mahmud now
took possession of Delhi, and was for some time occupied in hostilities, till
he was carried ofE by an illness, and the Khilji dynasty terminated with
him.
For a short period allegiance was paid to Daulat Kban (Lodi) Khdsah
Khaily till Khizr Khan marched from Multdn and took possession of Delhi.
Malik Marddn Daulat Khan, one of the nobles of the Court of Sultan
Firdz, had adopted Sulaiman the father of Khizr Kh&n as his son
who subsequently, in default of recognised heirs, succeeded to his govem-
^ Son of Zafar Khan son of Fir6i Bhih.
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ment.^ Khizr Khan in gratitude (to Timiir) did not* assame the regal
title bat styled his Court " The Sublime Standards," and adorned the
Khuibah with the name of that illustrious monarch and afterwards with
that of Mirz4 Shih Rukh, but it concluded with a prayer for himself.
His son Mubdrak Shih succeeded him in accordance with his will. Sul(4a
Ibrahim Sharljii and Hoshang (of Mdlwah) bein^ engaged in hostilities,
Mubarak intended an attack on Kdlpi and the adjacent territories, but he
was perfidiously set upon by a band of traitors and slain.^ Mu^mmad
Shah, who according to some was the son of Farid the sou of Khizr Khio,
while another account makes him the son of Mubdrak, was raised to the
throne. Sul^dn Alau'ddin (his son and successor) possessed no share of
rectitude and abandoned himself to licentious gratification* Bahl61 (Lodi)
now aspired to greatness. He was the nephew of Sul^dn Shdh Lodi of the
Shahti Kh^l* tribe (of Afghans). His father Bahrdm in the time of
Sul^dn Mat^mtid, came with five sons from the borders of Bal6t to Mul-
tdn and subsisted with some difficulty^ by traffic. Sul^dn Shdh^ obtained
service under Khizr Khdn. He received the title of Islam Khdn, and the
reyennes of Sirhind were assigned to him. Bah 161, the son of his nephew
on his brother's side was prospering ill in Sirhind, but was received into
favour by him and adopted as a son. Bahl6i was born in Multan and
during the month in which his birth was expected, a beam of the house
fell and killed his mother. He was extracted by the Ceraarean operation
* The obflonrity of this eentenoe in
the original lies in the elliptical style
of Abal Fazl. The sense I have g^ven
is in acoordanoo with the facts of Ferish-
ta who sajs that Malik Marwdn DanUt
had adopted Sulaiman, and being him-
self appointed to the goTomment of
Moltdn, was succeeded at his death bj
his own son Malik Shaikh. The latter
dying, made way for Snlaiman who was
in tarn saoceeded by his son Khizr
Khdn. Ferishta makes the name Mar-
wdn and not Marddn.
* The MSS. omit thenegativOi bat the
text sapplies it. Ferishta is clear on
the point. " He did not take the name
of king nor assame any regal epithet."
The title in the text is not mentioned by
him, which, however, is somewhat ana-
logous to the Ottoman style of the * Babi
i^&li ' or Snblime Porte, though io the
latter it is absolute, and in the former
▼icarions.
' He had laid the foundations of the
city of Mnbimkdbid on the Jonma and
was in the habit of visiting it to inspect
the progress of the baildings It was in
one of these that he was assassinated
at the instigation of the Wasir Sarwar
nl Malk on the 9th Rajab 887 (A. D.
1433). Ferishta.
♦ See Vol. I, p. 502.
• One MS. reads "^^ for ^ which
woald alter the character of his mercan-
tile specalations and substitnte opa-
lence for distress.
* His eldest son, the others were
Malik KHi, Malik Fir<5z, Malik Ha-
^mmad and Malik Khwijfth.
Ferishta.
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309
and bis destiny proved fortunate. Although he allowed his sovereign
(Alau'ddin) who lived in retirement (at Badaon) to retain nominal power,
he boldly assumed the supreme authority^ His reign showed some capa-
city aivd his conduct was marked by intelligence and recognition of merit.
He was carried off by an illness in his 80th year. It is said that he once
happened to meet with a darvesh, having at the time with him but a
trifling sum of money. The spiritually enlightened recluse called out,
" Who will buy the kingdom of Delhi for such a sum of money ? " His
companions laughed in mockery at the man, but Bah Id I frankly gave him
all he had, and paid him reverence and eventually fulfilled the prediction.*
He carried on wars with the Sharl^i kings which continued with varying
successes, until he took Jaunpdr and this dynasty was overthrown. He
left his son, Bdrbak at Jaunpdr and returned to Delhi. As he was return-
ing to Delhi from an expedition against Gwalior he died near the town
of Saketh.^ His son Nizdm Khdn with the concurrence of the nobles,
assumed the sovereignty and was styled Sultan Sikandar. He ruled with
sagacity and appreciation of character and transferred the capital to Agra
In the year A. H. 911 (A. D. 1505), a great earthquake occurred and
many lofty buildings were levelled. Sikandar was of comely person and
mild disposition and popular from his liberality and open-handedness.
On his death, his son SuHdn Ibrahim ascended the throne of Delhi
and his authority was recognised as far as the confines of Jaunpdr, the
nobles conferring upon Jalal Kh4n another son of Sikandar's, the sovereign-
ty of Jaunptir. Dissensions followed between the brothers, and Jalal
Khdn abandoned his government and took refuge with the governor of
Gwalior but meeting with no success, fled to the court of Suljdn Mahmdd
of M^lwah, and succeeding as little there, he set out for Gondwanah.
There the royal partisans^ seized him and carried him to the king by
whom he was put to death. During his reign various chiefs revolted, such
as Datyd Khdn Loh4ni viceroy of Behdr, and his son Bahddur Khdn had the
Khutbah read and the coin minted in his own name. Daulat Khan Lodi fled
to Kabul and sought protection at the court of Baber, whom he led to the
conquest of Hindustdn while affairs resulted in a prosperous issue.
* Bemoving the name of Al&a'ddin
from the Khuthahf and assuming the
insignia of royalty. Ferishta
■ This story is also told in Ferishta.
• " Near Bhad&wali, one of the depen-
dencies of Saket/* Ferishta ; but Abnl
Fazl places Bhadanli in the Sarkir of
Bahir in the Agra Sdbah. It was on his
retnm from Etawah that he was seized
with illness. Suketa or Saketa ac-
cording to the I. G. is one of the clas-
sical names borne by Ajodhya, the
ancient capital of Oadh. Abnl Fasl
places 8ake(h in the Sarkdr of Eananj.
* He was captured by a body of Gonds.
Ferishta.
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Subah of Ldhor,
It is situated in the third climate. Its length from the river ScUlaj
(Sntlej) to the Sind river is 180 k^s. Its breadth from Bhimbar to
Chauhhandi one of the dependencies of Satgarah} 86 kSs. It is bonnded
on the east by Sirhind ; on the north by Kashmir ; on the south by BikanSr
and Ajmer ; on the west by Multdn. It has six principal rivers which all
flow from the northern mountains.
(1.) The SutleJ the ancient name of which is Shattudat* and whose
source is in the Kdhlor hills. Rupar^ Mdchhtiodrah and L4dhidnah are
situated on its banks, and it receives the Bidh at the Bauh^ ferry.
(2.) The Bidh (Beds) was anciently called Bipasha^ (Sansk. Yipasa
Gr. Hyphasis). Its source is named Biahhund in the Kullu mountains
in the vicinity of which the town of Salfdnpur^ stands above the river.
(3.) The Bavif the ancient frawati,^ rises in the Bhadrdfi hills.
Labor the capital, is situated on its bauks.
(4.) The Chendbf ancieotly Ghandarhhdgd, From the summit of the
Khatwdr^ range issue two sweet water streams, the one called Chandar, the
* Satgarha is sitnated 13 miles east of
Oogaira on one of the projecting points
of the high- bank whioh marks the
limits of the windings of the Bavi on the
east. The name means * seven castles'
but these no longer exist. There is an
old briok fort and several isolated
monnds which mark the site of an an-
cient citj. Cnnningham, p. 212.
' Zapaiof ( various reading ZapaZftfis) of
Ptolemy : the Sjdrus or better reading,
Hesidms of Pliny. It rises like the Indus
on the slopes of the Eailis mountains,
the Siva's paradise of ancient Sanskrit
literature, with peaks 22,000 feet high.
The twin lakes of M4nasarowar and
Kakas-tal, united with each other, are
its direct source. See I. G.
* In the maps, according to the text
note, Baupur, The junction is at the
south boundary of the Kaparthala state.
* It is in Kullu proper on the right
bank of the Beas in lat. 81'' 68' N., and
long 77*7' B, at an elevation of 4,092
feet above sea level. It is perched on a
natural eminence, once surrounded by a
wall. Only two gateways remain of the
ancient fortifications. I. G.
5 Hydraotes of Arrian.
^ Var. Bhadri It rises in the northern
half of the Bang£hal valley in Kangra
dist.
* Yar. Ehatwfidlh. Another variant
is Kishtwdrah and undoubtedly the true
reading. The I. G. places Kistawdr in
the Kashmir state, lat. 33** 18' 30" N.,
long 75'' 48' E. near the left bank of the
Chenab which here forces its way through
a gorge with precipitous cliffs 1000 feet
high. The course of this river and
details of its volume will be found in
Genl. Cunningham's Ladak and in
Drew's 'Jummoo and Kashmir' where
the history of Kishtw4r is briefly
sketched. Jr<f«/iiut;<{ra is siud.by Gunning-
ham to signify 'abounding in wood.'
The Chenib is called Sandabad by Ptole-
my but the Greek historians of Alex-
ander named it Akesines because its
proper name was of ill omen, from its
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oihefr Bhdgd which unite near Khatwdr and are known hj the above namei
whence thej flow by BahlSlpur, Sudharah and Hazdrah.
(5.) The Bihaty^ anciently called Bidasta, has its rise in a lake in the
parganah of VSr in Kashmir, flows through Srinagar and enters Hindu'
Stan. Bhdrdh^ lies on its (left) bank.
(6.) The source of the Sindh (Indus) is placed by some between
Kashmir and Kdshghar, while others locate it in China. It flows along the
borders of the Sawdd territory by Afak Benareifi and Ohaupdrah into
Baluchistdn.
His Majesty has given the name of BSth Jdlandhar to the valley
between the Bidh and the Satlaj ; of Bdri, to that between the Bidh and
the Bdvi ; of Bechna to that between the Bidvi and the Ohendb ; of Jenhat*
to the valley of the Ohendb and the Bihat, and Sindh Sdgar to that of the
limilarity thinks Bishop Thirhrall to
AKtfat^Zpav^ayof 'devoarer of Alex-
ander.' Ladak, pp. 118, 352. The deri-
Tation of Ohendb from Oh^-db is
obyions, and is supposed to hare been
given from the notion of its rise in
Chinese territory, a supposition within
approximate lUnge of faot.
' For the taxation fixed by Akbar on
the districts bordering on the Jhelum,
see Vol. I, p. 346, under Bihat. Bidasta
and Bihat are corruptions of the Sansk^
Vitasta, the Hydaspes of Horace, and
the mom correct Bida^pes of Ptolemy.
The pool of Vira N^ was walled round
by Jahangir, but the true source of the
river is more to the S.-W. in N. lat. 88**
SC and E. long. 75^ 25^ Cunningham's
Ladik, p. 112.
' In Sh&hp^r dist. lat. 82° 29^ N.,
long. 72° 67' B. The old town was
destroyed by hill tribes, the new was
founded about 1640, and was the centre
of a mahal under Akbar. The ruins of
the oi:^na1 city known as Jobn^hnagar
are identified by Genl. Cunningham with
the capital of Sopheites, contemporary of
Alexander the Great.
* It is so called by the Mn^ammadan
historians in contradistinction to Katak
Benares in Orissa at the opposite ex«
tremity of the empire I. G. On his
return from K&bul, on the 14th Safar
989 A. H. (20th March 1581), Akbar
crossed the Indus at Attook and ordered
the building of the fort, of mortar and
stone in order to control that part of
the country and called it A^ak which
signifies in the remacular 'hindrance'
or ' prohibition,' it being forbidden to
the Hindus to cross the Indus. Ferishta.
The Sw£t territory is here meant, the
riyer of that name, the Suastos of the
Greeks (Sansk. Snyastn) rising on the
east slopes of the mountains which divide
Panjakora from the Swat country, re-
ceives the drainage of the Sw&t valley
and entering the Peshawar dist. north of
Mlchni, joins the Kdbul river at Nisatha.
The course of the Indus has there a
somewhat parallel direction.
^ Var. Jhat and Chhat, (under list of
Sarkdrs Chenhat) more commonly known
as the Jeeh or Jechna Doab.
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Bihat and Stndh. The distanoe^
between the Satlaj and the Bi&h is 50 k6s.
„ BiAh „ Bivi „ 17 „
„ „ RAvi „ ChenAb „ 30 „
„ „ Chenab „ Bihat „ 20 „
„ „ Bihat „ Sindh „ 68 „
This province is populous, its climate healthy and its agricuUaral
fertility rarely equalled. The irrigation is chiefly from wells. The winter
though not as rigorous as in Persia and TnrkestAn, is more severe than is
any other part of India. Through the encouragement given by Hia
Majesty, the choicest productions of TurkestAn, Persia and Hindustan are
to be found here. Musk-melons are to be had throughout the whole year.
They come first in season when the sun is in Taurus and Gemini, (April,
May, June,) and a later crop when he is in Cancer and Leo (June, July,
August). When the season is over, they are imported from Kashmir
and from K&bul, Badaksh&n and Turkestan. Snow is brought down every
year from the northern mountains. The horses resemble the . Ir^k breed
and are of excellent mettle. In some parts of the country, they employ
themselves in washing the soil whence gold, silver, copper, rwi,* zinc, brass
and lead are obtained. There are skilful handicraftsmen of various kinds.
Ldhor is a large city in the Bari Dotib. In size and population it is
among the first. In ancient astronomical tables it is recorded as Lohdwar.
Its longitude is lOQ"" 22', lat. 31 "* 50'.» During the present reign the forti-
fications and citadel have been strengthened with brick masonry and as it
was on several occasions the seat of government, many splendid buildings
have been erected and delightful gardens have lent it additional beauty.
It is the resort of people of all countries whose manufactures present an
astonishing display and it is beyond measure remarkable in populousness
and extent.
NagarkSt is a city situated on a hill : its fort is called Kdngrah. Near
the town is the shrine of Mahamdyd^ which is considered as a manifestation
* Tieffentbaler qnotes other measure-
mentB besides these, giving the reason
for the variations in the differences of
roate, the incapacity of travellers and
the universal ignorance of geometry.
' This metal is defined at p. 41 Vol. I.
as be composed of 4 a^rs of copper to J
of lead, and in India called Bhangdr.
■ Properly, lat. 81" 84' 6" N., long.
74*^ 21' E.
* The Great Illasion, or the illusory
nature of worldly objects divinely per-
sonified, an spithet of the goddess
Dargi. The earlier name of Hardwir,
Mayap^ir, represents the ancient wor*
ship of this supreme energy and ' "bj her,
whose name is Maya,' says the Bhaga*
vata the Lord made the universe. His
temple still exists in Hard war, and is
described in Cunningham's Anot. Geog.
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of the divinity. Pilgrims from distant parts visit it and obtain their de-
sires. Strange it is that in order that their prayers may be favourably heard,
they cat out their tongues : with some it grows again on the spot, with others
after one or two days. Although the medical faculty allow the possibility of
growth in the tongue, yet in so short space of time it is sufficiently amazing.
In the Hindu mythology, Mdhamaya is said to be the wife of Mahddeva, and
the learned of this creed represent by this name the energizing power of the
deity. It is said that on beholding the disi'espect (shown to her husband,
STiva) she cut herself in pieces and her body fell in four places ; her head and
some of her limbs in the northern mountains of Kashmir near Kamrdj\ and
these relics are called Sharadd : other parts fell near Bijdpur in the Deccan
and are known as TuJjd (Turja) Bhatodni, Such portions as reached the
eastern quarter near Kamrup are called Kdmdkhya^^ and the remnant
that kept its place is celebrated as Jdla*idhari which is this particular
spot.*
1 The names in the text are incorrectly
transliterated.
9 The erndition of Professor Cowell
has directed me to the sonrce of this
legend which may be read with varia-
tion of detail in the preface to the Gopa-
tha Bdlhmana published in Nos. 215-252
of the Bibl. Ind. pp. 30-35. It occurs in
the 2nd Book in the germ which after-
wards developed into the Pauranic tale
of Daksha's gpreat sacrifice. This mind-
horn son of Brahmfi and father of Uma or
Darga assisted at a Yisrasrig sacrifice
celebrated by his father in which discour-
tesy was shown to S'iva. A quarrel broke
out between Daksha and S'iva, resulting
in the exclusion of the latter from the
great sacrifice to which the whole Hindu
pantheon was bid. Uma seated in her
blissful mansion on the crest of the
Kail^ mountain, saw the crowds pro-
ceeding to her father's court to which
she repaired and learning the exclusion
of her husband, upbraided her father for
hv injustice and refused to retain the
body she had inherited from him.
Covering herself up with her robe, she
4,0
gave up her life in a trance of medita-
tion. The wrath of S'iva incarnate in a
giant form pursued the feasters and
created stupendous havoc. Vishnu un-
able to pacify S'iva and knowing that
his fury was kindled by the sight of his
dead wife, cut the body to pieces bit by
bit with his discus and threw it about
the earth and thus calmed the irate and
oblivious deity who thereupon restored
the killed and wounded to life and sound-
ness. Dakslia's head having been burnt
in the mel^e, it was replaced by that of
a goat which happened to be at hand,
apparently without remonstrance from
the reanimated demigod or oven his
consciousness of the substitution. The
Tantra Ghuddmani is able fortunately
to detail the portions of the body and to
identify the places where they fell.
As these are said to be still held in
high veneration, I record them for
the instruction of the curious or the
devout.
1. The crown of the head at Hinguld
(Hinglaj). 2. The three eyes at Sarka-
rara. 3. The nose at Sugandhfi. 4.
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In the vicinifcy torch-like flames issue from the ground in some places,
and others resemble the blaze of lamps.^ There is a concourse of pilgrims
and various things are cast into the flames with the expectation of obtain-
ing temporal blessings. Over them a domed temple has been erected aud
au astonishing crowd assembles therein. The vulgar impute to miraculons
agency what is simply the efEect of a mine of brimstone.
The top of the neck at KiLsmira. 5.
The tongue at Jwalamakhi. 6. Right
breast at Jalandhara. 7. Heart at Vai-
dyan&tha. 8. Knees at Nep^la. 9.
Right hand at Minasa. 10. Kavel at
Ukala. 11. Eight cheek at Ooi^daki.
12. Left arm at Vahula. 13. Elbow
at Ujjayani. 14. Right arm at Chat-
t6la, Chandra^ekhara. 15. Right foot
at Tripura. 16. Left foot at Tn>rota.
17. rh alBoia at Eamagiri (K^mdkhya).
18. Right great toe at Yug&djL 19.
Other right toes at Kdlipi^ha (Kalighdt).
20. Fingers at Pray&ga. 21. Thighs
at Jajanti. 22. Earrings at Yar^nasi.
23. Back of the trunk at Eamyi^rama.
84. Right ankle at Ennikshetra. 25
Wrists at Manivedaka. 26. Back of the
neck at Srisaila. 27. Backbone at K^nchi.
28. One hip at Kdlam&dhara. 29. Other
hip at Narmadi. 80. Left breast at
Ramag^ri. 31. Hairs of the head at
Yrind&yana. 32. Upper row of teeth at
$uchi. 83. Lower ditto at Panohasiga-
ra. 34. Left talpa (shoalder-blade) at
Earatoy^. 35. Right ditto at ^ripir.
yatta. 36. Left ankle at Yibh^ha. 37.
Belly at Prabasha. 88. Upper lip at
Bhairavaparvata. 89. Chin at Jala-
Bthata. 40. Left cheek at Qodavari. 41.
Right shoulder at Ratndvali. 42. Left
shonlder at Mithila. 43. Legbone at
NaUp^ti. 44. Ears at Earmata. 45.
Mind (?) at Yakre^vara. 46. Palm at
Jasora. 47. Lower lip at A^^ahasa.
48. Necklace at Nandipnra. 49. An-
klets at Lanka. 50. Toes of left foot
at Ylrdta. 51. Right leg at Magadha.
• See Hugel's Travels in Eashmfr
p. 42, for th is phenomenon. The text ha«
JLr^t*^ for3.r*** ^ which is a lamp in the
shape of a platter, three feet in height
from the base, and about 6 inches
diameter at the top; having in the
middle a small tube with two holes
through which the wick is fed by
oil or grease ( *V ) kept in liquefao-
tion by tl^e flame. This shrine is the
famous Jwdldmukhi (mouth of Flame)
distant two days' journey from Eangra*
It is thus described by Tieffenthaler or
Bernoulli for him. "Au milieu da
temple, qui est entierement oeint de
murailles, est un creuz long de li anne,
de la memo largeur et de la meme pro-
fondeur, d'ou s'elancent des flammes.
On y jette du bois de Sandal, du riz, de
I'huile, du beurre, du I'esprit de yin, des
amandes et d'autres ohoses que le feu
sduterrain consume et r^uit en cendres :
les Gentils prennent eusuite ces oondrea,
s'en frottent doucement les yeux et le
front et les conservent dans leurs mu-
Bons oomme des reliques sacr^s. De
trois autres endroits creus^s dans le mar
sortent encore des flammes brillantes ;
le peuple superstitieux se prostement
k la vue de ces flammes et adorent en
suppliant la divinity qu'il oroit caohte
sous la forme du feu. Autre fois il
offroit k cette idole qui yomit des flam-
mes, une tete coupee aveo nne serpe de
yendangeur ; malt oela se pratique rare-
ment aujourdhui. On monte i oe tarn-
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316
In the middle of Sindh Sdgar near Bhamsdhad is the cell of Bdln^th
Jogi which they call Tilah Bdlndt\,^ Devotees of Hindastan regard it
with yeneratioQ and Jogis especially make pilgrimage to it. Rock-salt is
found in this neighhourhood. There is a mountain 20 kSs in length from
which they excavate it, and some of the workmen carry it out. Of what is
ohi4uned, three-fourt.hs is the share of those that excavate and one-fourth
is allotted to the carriers. Merchants purchase it at from half to two
ddiiM a man and transport it to distant countries. The landowner takes
10 ddms for every carrier and the merchant pays a duty of one rupee for
every 17 man to the state. From this salt artificers make dishes, dish-
covers, plates and lamp-stands.
The five Bodha of this province are subdivided into 234» parganahs.
The measured land is one Wr, 61 lakhs, 55,643 Bighas, and 3 Biswas*
The gross revenue is 55 hrdrs, 94 lahhs, 58,423 ddms, (Rs. 1,398,646-9-2),
Of this 98 lakhs, 65,594 irfm^. (Rs. 246,639-13-7) are Suyurghdl. The
local force consists of 54,480 Cavalry and 426,086 Infantry.
Sarkdr of the Befl Jdlandhar Dodh.
Containing 60 Mahals, 3,279,302 Bighas, 17 Biswas. Revenue 124,365,-
212 Ddms in money. Suyurghdl 2,651,788 Ddms, Castes, various. Caval-
ry, 4,155. Infantry 79,536.
pie par an esoalier d*cnviroii 100
inarches. Da sommet de la montagne
ooale on raisaeaa qai se jette dans an
bassin A pea de distance dn temple. Le
troa par leqael la soaroe s'elanoe se
nomne Qoree J>ebbi, oe qni signifie : la
boStede Goreondt, parceqiiil s'asseyoit
en oet endroit poor se Uvrer i la con-
templation. La oontr^e dans laqnelle le
temple est sita^ se nomme Radjcob^r
et I'endroit a le nom de Tagrdta." See
the I. G. nnder Jalandhar for the Jaw&la
Mnkhi legend.
^ General Canningham (Ancient Geog.
of India, p. 164) says that the Tila range,
30 miles in length, occupies the west
tank of the Jhelam from the east bend
of the river below Mangala to the bed
of the Bonhar river, 12 miles north of
JsUUpor. The full name is Gorakndth
to Tila, the more ancient, Bdlnath lea Tila,
both derived from the temple on the
sammit dedicated to the Ban as Bilnnth,
bat now devoted to the worship of
Goraknath, a form of Siva. The name
Bdlnath, he oonsiders older than the
time of Alexander identical with Pin-
taroh's Hill of the Elephant, but his
inferences are more plausible than
secure.
* The spelling of this word has several
variants, but its true orthography seems
to be *^ "be^h." Sandy unpro-
ductive soil. The I. G. interprets it
equivalent to khddar, low alluvial soil
and prodactive, but its fertility depends
on the deposit of silt during inunda-
tions, and thus both significations may
hold good. General Canningham derives
it from the " back " {pah) of the Daitya
King Jalandhara who was crashed under
Jawala Mukhi by Siva and whose torso
Digitized by
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316
Bighas
Biswas.
Rerenne
D.
&
i
1
Castes.
Isllm^b&d,
8,735
458,122
15
200
Afghin.
Pafci Dhin<5V ...
67,866
8,601,678
mfim
80
400
N£r6, (Tar.
M£rd.)
Bhiingi,
51,089-18
2,760,580
10,282
20
800
Do. (yar.
B4rad.)
Kh6ri
Bajwirah»
12,868
2,425,818
689
80
200
Wihah.
Bhal<5ii, has a stone fort, ...
82,761
1,805,006
• ••
70
1000
DhAdwil
(Tar. D<$al.)
Barwab,
18,611
668,000
• ••
...
••*
P^Iakwih,'
4,582
200,000
• .•
...
...
BachhritV
4,215
160,000
•••
•(•
Besili and Khat^h, 2
Mahids,'^
11,405
566,866
.*•
...
•*•
Taiwan,
201,460
6,780,887
804,889
70
700
Main.*
Tatilrp^r, has a stone fort,...
8,458
170,388
...
...
...
JMandhar, has a briok fort,
474,808
14,751,626
778,167
100
1000
Afghin
Lodhi, and
Lobini, and
Bangbar
tribe.
ChanWisi.
96,880
5,468,918
255,516
50
1000
Afghan.
Jeort^
48,124
2,474,854
28,527
50
800
BhattL
Jas<5n B&Ukdti, has a stone
fort,
15,054
600,000
...
50O
8000
Jaswil,
called also
Bikan^r.
Chit<Sr or Chit<5r ,•
•«.
818,000
...
100
2000
SombansL
Hajipdr Sdriyiinah,
59,255
2,698,874
...
...
.*•
Dddrak/
497,202.11
9,707,993
92ii58
150
4000
Ebdri
Wihah.
Khokbai.*
Desdbah, has a brick fort, ...
157,962
4,474,950
67,249
...
Pa^jil, has a stone fort, ...
84,150
1,650,000
800
4000
SastOiwiL
Pifjlah, Do.
80,218
1,200,000
...
...
„
Darparah,
26,444
900,000
••.
...
Dardhi,
15,054
600,000
•••
100
1000
SombansL
Ddnn&g<5r,
11,490
455,870
• ••
...
Dhankali,
1.880
72,000
••.
...
...
Ba^m&b^d, ...
8,750
2,480,689
18,681
80
200
Eh6ri
W4ah.
lies nnder the npper part of the Doilb,
and oonclndes characteristically that
Akbar accepted this version by his ap-
plication of the name. Andent G^eog.
of India, p. 138.
' Yar. Dhaniy&t. Compare these
names, with the nominal list of Sarkdrs
and Mahals of Labor nnder the ten
years' rates.
• Yar. Balnkw&h. PalkwArah. (T.
do.). Bilkw&rah. Text-note says
Pilakwih in maps is north of M4nsaw&l.
* Text-note. In maps Baohhertd and
in one MS. local force, 2 Cavalry, 10,000
Infantry
« Yar. BeUUi and Eb^sah. Bilssti
and Eanab.
* See Yol. I, p. 526, a snbdiv of
Bangbar Eijputs.
A Text note: in maps Chan^r near
the B^.
T At p. 110 Dirdak.
» See Vol. I, p. 456.
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317
Bighas,
Biswas.
Beyenne
D.
&
!
s
Castes.
Bijp&rpatan, has a stone
fort,
...
1.800,000
.,,
...
Snl^iaptir, has a briok fort,
101,865
4,020,282
405,830
200
1000
Bhatti '
59,952
2,538,225
16,485
50
500
Khdri
Wdhah.
Sakhet' Mandawi, has
copper and iron mines, ...
42,150
1,680,000
...
100
8000
Sombansi.
Sopftr, ... •••
24,588
1,000,000
...
...
2000
Sasahwdl.*
Sibah, has a stone fort, ...
8,114.18
800,000
•••
200
2000
Do.
Soiiu,
218,383*
...
••.
...
8haikhp6r,
97,178
4,722,604
62,689
150
2000
Bhaiiir
Sher^h,
8,640
194,294
...
.••
...
Iiupiir, ••. •..
...
846,667
...
...
K6thf,
116,286
5,546,661
86;670
80
400
Jat.
GarhIKimb£hih.«
58,088
2,670,087
4,580
20
200
Jat.
Ko|lah,
42,152
1,680,000
•*.
800
4000
Jasro^ah.
Kotlahar, has a stone fort.
82,982-16
1,810,847
...
200
8000
Kotlahariah.
Ehflo^dh&r,
42,048-12
48 ,000
•*.
..*
...
... ..
Kh^6nkh^ri» has a stone
under
fort,
6.021-16
240,000
..•
Nakr6h
Jasw&l.
Oangd^ has a stone fort,
6,021-16
240,000
...
...
...
Do.
Kh^rah,
6»021.16
240,000
...
20
4000
Sdrajbansi.
Qhaw^n (var and G.
Ghaw^s.)
14,742-14
586,906
...
...
...
•*. »..
Ufdhto,
15,959-8
536,414
17,810
...
...
Ulsangi,
5,937
236,850
...
...
...
... •••
Mitni Niiriah,*
68,229
21,061,665
6,156
20
400
Bhani-
M^lsi.
54,653-17
1,828,559
1,217
20
8000
Baoghar,
Jat.
Banghar,
Hi^ammadptir,
88,281
1,802,558
10,558
100
lOOO
Mafn.«
Hinsawil,
6,668
286,667
•>•
...
...
MaMfe,'
6,412
4,603,620
...
...
...
... *.
Han^hdfcah, ...
18,280
426,367
...
...
...
...«••
Nak<5dar,
78,731
8,710,796
9,757
20
1000
Main.
Nankal,
4,808
267,270
...
...
...
... ...
NaknSh,*
82,642
1,800,061
...
500
6000
Jaswil.
Konangal,
46,180
2,315,868
•••
30
300
Balooh, Jat.
Kand6n,
188,439
5,300,000
...
100
1500
Nagarkotiah.
Harhanah with AkbardbM,
2MahaU,
626,889
6,032,082
49,650
40
406
N&rii.
Hadidbad,
17,126
619,467
2,067
...
...
' Yar. Saket, Text-note : in maps
Sakefc and Mandl.
' Yar. Sanahw&l, Sasnahw^l, Sinah-
wti.
* One MS. gives fchis as the revenue.
* So in the MSS. bat text-note gives
Garh Diwslah in maps: also in I. G.
in Hoshlarpdr Dist
• Var. Norbah, Nnrtah, Nurinah.
• See Yol. 1, 526.
^ Yar. Alhipdr Mal<5t.
• Yar. Nakrddah: in the maps
Nakrotah.
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318
Sarkdr of the Bdri Dodb,
Gotitaining 52 Mahals. 4,5S0,002 Btghas, 18 Bisuhu. Revenue
142,808,183 Ddma revenue in cash from crops charged at special rates
and from land paying the general htgdh rate. SuyurghAl, 8,923,922 Dams.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 31,055. Infantry, 129,800.
Bighas,
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
i
f
Castes.
Anohharah,
600,000
60
600
Khokhar.
Aiid6rah,
26i781
1,198,789
7,6*24
.••
•••
— ...
Abhipdr,
•..
168,000
«..
...
...
a...*.
U'dar,
•.•
9,600
•••
...
...
..*..«
Lahore city Baldah see Blliot
p. 88* ••• ...
•••
8,912,600
...
6000
4000
PhnlwAri,
4,727-10
452,f>94
143,956
20
100
......
Ph6W,
106,i63
2,413,268
18,268
20
100
Sadh^I,*
Bhalar.
Khokhar.
Panchgrimi, •••
65,657
1,461,680
78,177
16
1000
Bbarli,'
17,967
4.060,607
209,789
...
...
Bhelwal,
62,876
8,181,699
226,408
20
400
Jat.
Pati Haibatpdr,*
1,676,633
28,896,880
284,647
700
10,000
Jat.
Batdlah,
616,479
16,820,998
266,863
200
6000
BhaUl.Jat.
Pa(b4n, has a briok fort. ...
199,872
7,297,016
97,016
250
2000
Brihmaii.
Panitt,
66,789
4,266,000
276,091
160
400
Jat Khatiib.
Bi6b,
60,623
3,822,266
8,976
200
2000
Bhatti.
Babidnrpiir,
11,489
447,760
...
...
.. ..•
Talwirah,
6,384
614,666
10,864
20
200
Ba^^Wl.
Thandd^
26,222
610,064
8,284
20
600
Afghin.
OhandWin,
7,194-10
863,668
...
20
100
Jat, Sindhl
Oh&rb^h Barhi,
218
68,602
.*•
...
....••
Jamftri (Tar. ChanUri),
260,614
8,813.140
809,090
200
2000
Khokhar.
JaUlibdd,
162,068
6,168,119
80,466
800
4000
Afghin, Jat,
Bhatti.
Ghbat and Amb^lah, 2
MahaU,
...
2,800,000
•*•
60
500
BijpiLt S<$m.
bansi.
Jafgar,*
..»
46,600
•••
*..
..•
*•....
KhiDpiir,
...
280.088
t.t
80
600
Khokhar.
Dibbawttah, ...
121,496
6,282,189
67,674
100
8000
Jat.
Dahm6rf,»
...
1,600,000
•••
60
1300
Darwab,
...
240,000
...
60
600 B&jp6t Som.
bo^si.
* Text-note suggests 8%ndhu, as that
and Bhalar are two among the very
nnmsrons septs of the Jat tribe.
* Yar. Kharli in nominal list of Mahals
of this Subah under ten jears Rates
which ee.
' See Cnnningham, Ano. Geog. of
liidia, p. 201.
* Yar. Jafkar, Hankar, Chankar.
G. Jntker.
' Now known as N6rp6r, according to
a text-note, having been so called in the
reign of the Emperor Jah&ngir.
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319
Blgbas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
CQ
1
f
Castes.
Darwah, Digar,*
24,000
.••
■
Sankhi Arwal, ...
10,874
544,146
19,418
10
ioo
Arwal.
Biadh6w&ii,
263,402
5,854,649
12,700
200
400
Jat Sindhfi.
Lahore anbnrbs,
11,401
674,053
202,800
•.•
• •*
......
Shibpttr,
42,899
8,882,285
126,720
...
*•• ...
Sh&T)dr,
...
480,000
...
...
......
Ghnrbatriwan,"
7,891.18
411,986
68,108
20
100
Jat Sindhii
Kastir,
269,466
8,916,606
28,124
800
4000
Bhatti.
Kalinfir,
286,082
8,829,111
447,639
150
1500
Jat, Ba]^lcti.
Kao!» Wihan, ...
68,608
8,611,499
127,666
50
600
Khokhar,
Bakh&i.*
Khokhowfl,* ...
75,194
8,475,610
8,510
20
500
Jat.
Gwtiijar,
66,289
2,648,000
8,000
100
8000
Rajptit
Sombansi.
E&Dgr&li> has a stone fort, ...
...
2,400,000
...
2400
29,000
S6mbansi.
Eotlah,
•..
182,618
•*•
••.
•*•
Kark&rion, ... ...
16,000
...
...
...
• ....
Malik Shih, ..
28,684-9
1,476,662
52,288
10
100
Bhandil,
(Tar. Bba«
Han and Kab4k,« 2 MaJuHs.
2,400,000
.••
800
d&I.)
B4ipdt.
Mahr<$r,
...
24,000
...
...
• ••
Hoehiir Karnilah,*
22,225
489,872
...
20
400
Jat.
Palam, >
Patiy^,
Bhatti,
JarjiyaV ^
These fonr par-
gnnaks, are now
abandoned.
...
•••
9,600
...
•••
•••
•••
...
...
... ...
SarJcdr of the Bechndu Dodh.
Gontainii^ 57 Mahals. 4,253,148 Bighas^ 3 Bitwas, Beyenne,
172,047,691 Dams. Suyurghdl, 2,684,134 Bdms, Castes, various. Cavalry,
6,795. Infantry, 99,652.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenne
D.
2
f
50
500
1
a
1000
5000
Castes.
Amriki Bhatti,
Lands of Biigh Rae Bochah.
Uminib&d, has a brick fort.
70,752-8
2,683
616,676-4
1,942,606
62,887
24,868,006
8,678
498i480
BhatKi.
Khokh^,
Chimah*
&o.
' Yar. D^ar, Darodah Digar.
■ Var. Gharibrawan.
' Text-note, suggests Baghela.
♦ Var. and G. Qhoghowtt.
' Yar. Dhanah, Banah, in map Ombah
sonth of N6rp<ir.
« Yar. Kariilah, Karbdlah.
' Yar. Jarjar.
• See 7ol. I, 456, n. 2.
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820
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenne
1
i
Castes.
Panohnagar/ ...
81,741
1,181,266
27,879
60
500
Jat.
Parsardr, (I. G. Paerdr), ...
609,858.4
27,978,588
486,551
20C
4000
Jat. B&j<$h^
T^lah&a
Badilbhandil* ...
28,752-18
1,611,882
46,979
...
...
Pati Zafarw&l, has a fort, ...
6,108,148
8,697,888
160,865
60
2000
Jat, Bhdl.
«5n.*
K6irL
Pati Tarmali,*
29,066
526,968
...
20
400
Bhaldfc,
20,812.10
818,182
•••
100
2000
Manhis.t
Bhadrin,7 situate on a hiU,
...
240,000
...
60
4000
Do.
BaUwarahy
6,021.6
240,000
...
60
3000
BaliwaHah.
Bh^tiyal,
2,407-18
96,000
•••
80
1000
Bhfitiyttah.
Ban,
1,846-19
48,000
„
100
4000
Manh^
T4ral,
88,669-8
2,144,946
8,400
160
2000
Jat,TiraL
Tal6ndi,
96,698-17
1,678,207
8,792
80
800
Jat
Chimah Ghatah,
96,698
5,878,691
26,489
100
1000
Ohimah
Ghatah.
Gbandanwarak, (var.
darak),
81,426-6
4,128,881
80,671
60
160
Jat.Warak.
Ohho^4liAr>
22,858-5
1,891,692
•••
«..
...
JaH4ha4i,S ...
12,474
815,687
81,135
...
...
Ghanfwat, has a brick^ fort.
154,164
2,806,869
190,062
500
6000
Jat,
Jab6har.'«
Jammii, situate at the foot
of a hill, and a stone fort,
above it,ll ...
19,829-11
3,966,000
•••
1000
20,000
Manhls.
Jasr6t^ (in one MS))
in another j
150,480
\
1,150,000/
...
400
6000
480-19
...
...
...
... •••
Chari Champ&,«*
6,021-6
240,000
...
100
1000
Gwil^rL
H&fiz&bild,
169,499
4,548,000
48,000
160
160
Jat Balhant
(Bhalar.)
The lands of Ehinpdr,
402
27,028
...
...
•••
••••••
Danlatpiir,
4,779-10
115,050
...
...
...
..•••a
D&dd Bhandill Barhi,
28,142
1,725,089
287,082
...
.. ...
DanlatiblMl, ...
14v868
241,740
•••
io
100
JatSaUh,
(▼ar.Sad.)
Btipnagar,
6,706
410,618
...
••.
...
...a..
Binhi,
58,850-8
276,650
6,461
...
...
Brihman,
B&ghbfiaa
Reohni,
180,207
8,680,742
442,082
700
7000
S&hiimali,
152,891
5,574,764
18,853
40
1200
......
Sidhpfir,
108,923
8,127,212
76,972
100
2000
Jat, Marili.
1 Yar. and G. Bijnagar.
8 Yar. Bijrah and BeUh, Mah6d and
Salah.
» Yar. Bad6bindM.
4 Yar. Bholrin, Bhodwan.
6 Yar. Barmali.
« Yar. Balinis, Balihis, Malhis.
7 Yar. Bhadin.
« Yar. Jtti4ha4i, Jlfidhary, Habddhadi,
G. Jeodherj.
9 Yar. Stone.
10 Yar. Janbiihar, Habdhar.
11 The town and palaoe stand on the
sonth bank of tke river T&yi a tribataiy
of the Ghenab ; the fort overhangs the
left or east shore at an elevation of 160
feet above the stream, I. G.
18 Yar. and G. Charijini.
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321
Bighas
Biswas.
Beyenne
D.
1'
!
1
Castes.
8i£Ik<5|, is sitnate on the
edge of a ridge on the
banks of the Aik torrent,
has a brick fort,
102,085
82,090,792
184,806
600
7000
Jat, Gha-
manL and
Chimah.
Sahajrio,^
6,627-7
862,826
4,808
100
1000
Ohimah.
86dharah, on the Ghenilb,
has a high briok minaret,
121,721.1
7,096,710
99,781
too
1000
Do.»
Shinzdah Hinjrio,^
64,140
1,636,480
60
1000
Jat. HinjWLo.l>
§h6r,
107,347
2,278,940
6i061
1000
6000
Jat, Lang&h,
Saniwal
(Sahiwal).
Patt^ Bhandal Barhi,
7,826-7
618,917
6,842
...
...
Fa«Ub4d,
2,116-7
186,628
...
...
...
GobindwAl,
66,069
1,268,957
194,622
60
800
Orak and
Jat.
K4mw*l (var.
K£thoh4h,
126,698-12
5,888,264
...
20
10,000
Kihwil.)
Gnjrin Barhi, ...
2,681-14
670,986
11,787
••.
••*
5»%ind
2,801-19
208,964
21,702
...
•••
Kamari,^ commonly called
Sanii,
27,666-4
1,600,000
••*
100
800
Kharli Tarli, ...
...
768,000
•••
*••
...
Lakhn<5r,
17,169-1
681,818
...
...
Manga|wilah, ...
181.688
8,819,690
67,788
60
800
Jat.
Mn^ammad Ban Ddkr&o, ...
16,661-6
1,127.908
8,367
...
..
Jat.
Mahrdr,
102,686-4
8,005.602
6,602
6
500
Brahman.
Mcngn,
62,293
1,476,225
6,748
20
1000
SilhAriya and
Mank<5(, inclndes 4 towns
G6jar.
each with a stone fort, ...
1,312
85,119
...
80
1200
Manhas.
Wan,
140,234
871,653
20,278
50
1000
Jarak7Silhar.
Haminagar,
141,063
8,391,087
59,641
80
1000
Jat.
Hantiy£l, (var. Hatiyal;, ...
6,201-6
240.000
...
80
200
Hatiyilah.
Ohenhat {JecK) Dodb.
ContainiDg 21 Mahals, 2,633,210 Btghas, 5 Bistoas. Revenue, 04,502,-
394 Ddms. Suyurghdl 511,070 Ddms. Castes, various. Cavalry, 3,730.
Infantry, 44,200.
1 Tar. Khams, Kiman,
• Var. Sajhrio, Sanjr&o.
3 Var. Jat. Mahjriio.
^ Var. Shihz^dah Sanjr&r, Shihzadah
Hinirio, Shanzdah Sinjr&o, (Do. G.).
41
^ Var. MahjdU), Sinjr&o, Hijr^o.
6 Var. Karbari, called Sanibil, Saniir
S^si.
7 Khirak Sihari4, Hirak.
Digitized by
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322
Bigbas
Biswas.
Berenoe
D.
OQ
!
1
t-H
Castes.
Andarhal,
81,070
485,418
...
...
Gakkbar(Bee
Vol.I.466l.
Akhand6r Amb^an,
9,866.5
892,000
.*•
800
3000
Manhis.
Bb^rah, on tbe banks of the
Bhimbar,! ...
912,107-7
19,910,000
53,560
700
10,000
Bahl61pdr, on tbe banks of
tbe rirer Ohenab,
170,607
3,830,575
10,583
100
500
Jat.
B61e't,
8,748
400,080
...
60
300
Bbimbar, sitnated on tbe
banks of the stream,
28,668
1,200,000
...
...
•**
Bhadd,
4,717
192,000
•••
80
1200
Jat, Bband.
Biibati,
2,874
57,222
...
10
100
Manghar-
Khokhar.
Bdadand Dndiy&l,* 2 MahaU,
27,421
735,741
...
200
800
Shdrpdr,
169,874
8,121,646
8,497
100
1000
Jat,Khokar,
Jand^r.
fihakarpAr,
7,684
1,050,819
...
Gnjrit,
285,094
8,266,150
...
120
icioO
KaHydli,
67,818
2,643,270
6.633
100
2000
Khokhar, has a briok fort ...
92,826
2,820,594
58,410
100
1000
Kbokar.
Ghari, on the rirer Bihat, ...
20,176
1,506,241
...
20
2000
Do.
L<516r, separated from Khu-
shib,
192,268
8,746,166
11,290
200
2000
Khokhar and
Mikan.fr
Manblb.
Manrfi,
Mal6( Rl(e Eed&ri, situate
2,839
432,000
400
2000
on a bill,
17,007
370,549
...
40
400
Mangfaar-
Hareo,
247,878
9,150,828
76,321
300
3000
Tat, Bar.
wanij. P
Haziirah, has a brick fort, ...
270,892
4,689,136
219,636
700
3000
Jat, Khokar
Baranij?
Sindh Sdgar Bodh.
Containing 42 Mahals, 1,409,929 Bighas, Revenne, 51,912,201 B6m»,
Swyurghdl, 4,680 Ddms, Castes, varions. Cavalry, 8,553. Infantry, 69,700.
1 See p. 180, Bberab is on the left
bank of the Jbelom. The Bhimbar
torrent rising in the second Himalayan
range flows within 4 miles N. W. of
Gujr&t and e^entnally joins the Jaldlia
ndld a branch of tbe Cbenab. I. G.
S Var. Bh^w^, Bhadw^L
8 Var. Sakkarwil.
4 Var. DndwAl.
^ Var. Sakan, Masin.
Digitized by
Google
823
Bighas
Biswas.
Berenve
D.
}'
1
5
^
Castes.
AkbarfWid Tarkhiri,*
204,881
5,491,738
»»•
2000
16,000
Gakkhar.
Atak Ben&res (Attook), ...
6,418
3,202,216*
•••
1000
6000
Ehatar,
called also
SaUsah.*
Aw6n, here are hones of good
breed,*
10,096
415,970
»..
60
600
Awfcn. (See
Vol. I. 466,
n. and I. GK
under
Paharh&lab, baa a stone fort,
Haz&ra).
below the fort rans the
river Sowiri* (Sohin), ...
192.247
6,158,109
•»•
...
...
Ba GhiMi Khio,
^7,426
820,000
«••
100
1600
Jindbah
(Janjiiah,
see Vol. I,
456)
B&laKbanar, ...
5,825
1,000,040
•*.
20
100
Kha^tar.
Para« Khat^ar, ...
1,196
48,000
,,,
.1.
...
BaWkidban,
7,679
1,316,801
...
100
600
Gakkhar.
Tbarohak' D6mi,
6,082
260,676
• ».
100
1000
Do.
Saborban district of Rohtas,
has a stone fort, beneath
wbioh flows the Knhin
8tream,8
120,884
60,403,140
67,062
600
3000
Gakkhar,
Ehnshib, sitaate near the
Bagiy&I.
riyer Bihat (Jhelnm) the
greater part is jungle, ...
73,086
2,702,609
.*•
600
7000
AfghAn
Niyazi* and
Isii Kh^l.
Din Gari,
147,647
8,801,201
••*
1600
10,000
Gakkhar.
Dbanko^ sitoato on the banks
of the riyer Mihran, vit.,
Indos, has a salt mine, ...
8,927
480,000
•••
160
4000
Awlm.
1 Var. Barkheri. In maps Tark Pari.
• Ferry receipts.
* Tar. Karaa called HaUsah, Salisah,
Salanah. For Khatar, see Vol. I, 466.
* The text has ic^^ marked as doubt-
fol bat the variants incorrect and un-
meaiiiBg as they are, confirm Tieffentha-
ler*8 reading of ^3 *T**** " ohevanx de
bonne race."
^ Var. Sowli. T. Soi hat there can be
no doaht the Soh^n is meant which rising
in the Mnrree Hills passes, according
to the I. G. '* near the mined Ghakkar
fortress at Pharwala.**
• Var. Para, Bhiro, Text note. " Khd-
tar " now comprises Harri Kba^^r and
NAla Khatlar.
• Var. Bharchak.
• The fort boilt by Sh^ Shih as a
check on the Gakkhar tribes, now in
picturesque ruin. It is situated in the
Salt Bangre on a gorge overlooking the
Kuhin Nadi 11 miles north-west of
Jhelum town. The walls extend for
three miles and encircle the rooks which
command the entrance of the pass.
Some parts have a thickness of from 80
to 40 feet. One gateway still remains
in excellent preservation. I. G.
• See Vol. I, p. 484, and under Kibol
of this volume.
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324
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenae
D.
1
1
1
Castes.
Darband, (here two nnintel-
ligible words),
...
8,100,000
in money.
...
20
600
J£n6hah
(Janj^ah).
DhadLb,
2,880
96,000
...
20
160
Do.
Diidwat,
2,830
96,000
...
20
300
Do.
Reshin,
1,196
92,496
...
10
200
Awan.
Shamaabdd, ...
24,664
7,084,608
...
60
600
Gakkhar,
(var. Kho-
Patau fvar. Bat4U, MiHi,
khar).
Shambdla), ...
11,146
624,000
...
100
1600
Jindhah.
Fatebpur Eilaari (yar. Ka-
nanri and T.),
167,042
4,261,881
...
600
10,000
Gakkhar.
Knlbhalak,
40,918
2,888,268
♦ 18,176
80
200
Balooh
Gh^b (var. Kh^t, Kh^a,
Khep),
16,961
984,161
...
800
1200
Kha^tar(aio).
Khir Darwizah,
4,816
24,641
...
60
800
Jin<5hah.
Kirjhdk/
21,491
961,766
*••
100
1500
Do.
Kach^kof, one hds distant
from this parganah is the
6,826
840,000
•••
60
2000
Rliwalah
Tarin
Aff?hin.
K&hwan, has a stone fort, ...
4,660
192,000
...
10
200
Jindhah.
Kambat,
2,880
96,000
...
Langahtiydr, (var. G. SiyAr).
2,380
96,000
...
io
100
Mdkhiillah, has a stone fort
on a hill— there is scarcity
of water — has a salt mine
and a shrine,
9,820
834,000
*"
100
1600
J&n<5hah.
* Said by Cunningham, (Anct. Geog.,
p. 168 and prononnoed Qirjhah) to be
the Hindu name for Jaldlpiir, the pro-
bable site of the famous oity of Bokephala
built in memory of Alexander's horse.
* This well-known village lies on the
road between Rawal Pindi and Peshawar
which with its ruins, says the I. Q.,
forms part of a group of ancient oities
lying round the site of the ancient
Taxila. Hwen Thsang the Chinese
Buddhist pilgrim of the 7th Century A. D.
visited the tank of the Serpent King,
Elapatra, identified with the spring of
Bilb& WaU (£andah4ri) or Panja Sahib.
The fountain is hallowed by legends of
Buddhist, Brahman, Moslem and Sikh.
The shrine of Panja S&hib crowns a
precipitous hill about one mile east of the
town, and at its foot is the holy tank, a
small square reservoir, full of fish. De-
lapidated briok temples surround the
edge and on the west side the water
gushes out from beneath a rock made
with the representation of a baud,
ascribed by the Sikhs to their founder
Bihi N&nak. The scenery is extremely
picturesque ; the river Haroh hard by
affords excellent fishing, and on its near
shore two ancient cypresses are the
only epitaph above the tomb of one of
Akbar*s wives. For KachakSt^ see Cun-
ningham, Anot. Geog., p. 116.
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325
9
1
1
Bfghas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
!
s
Castes.
Marfi], at the foot of a
moantain,
6,826
240,000
•••
16
600
Maldt, has a stone fort on a
hill.
3,286
183,238
...
10
200
Janohah.
Nandanpur, has a brick fort
on a hill,
40,997
24,110
4,110
20
160
Do.
Nil&b, (Indos) land included
under (Attock) Benares....
8,787
481,306
,,
...
,,,
under
N£rwi, on the Sind,
997
38,' 91
• •*
Akbarabid.
Gakkhar.
K6k<58ira1 Khat^ar,
926
38,096
*•>
10
60
Kha^tar.
Hazirah JS^arla)^/
214,932
1,806,312
6,342
100
600
Afghan.
HatijIffLang, ...
7,281
800,000
•*•
•••
Bhakar bar-
khatri (with
illegible
variants.)
HazArah G^idkn,
6,676
280,890
under
Akbaribid.
Himmat Khin Karmun, ...
166
48,000
...
Do.
Gakkhar.
Beyond the Five rivers (Birun i Panjnad^).
Bel6t,
Sahldr,
Kahl6r, (Punjdb Hill State),
Bfghas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
822,740
1,700,000
1,800,000
1=
100
40
50
I
10,000
700
1000
Castes.
Baloch.
Chandel and
others.
Do.
Suhah of MuUdn,
It is situated in the first, second and third climates simultaneously.
Before Tattah was comprised in this province, its len^^fth from Firozpur
» Var. and G. FariV- Var. and T.
^ara^.
* The valley of the Jhelum takes the
name of THindh (Three rivers) after
its junction with the Chen&b and the
R&vi and that of Panjnad (Five rivers)
after receiving the united waters of the
Beas and Sutlej. I. G. This restricted
signification cannot here apply. Certain
outlying portions beyond the limits of
the Punjab Proper were evidently
attached to the S'&bahs of Labor and
Mult6n and to the aarkar of Dipalpur
and were denominated — Bird/n i Panjnad.
Their position may be surmised but
assurance is perhaps beyond reach. The
first two of these three names I cannot
satisfactorily trace.
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326
and Sewistdn, was 403 kos and its breadth from B^atpur^ to JaiscUmtr, 108
kos, but since its inclusion, it measures to Kkach (Qanddv&) and Mekrdn,
660 kos. On the east, it marches with the Sa^hdr of Sirhind ; on the
north with Sh6r ; on the south, with the 8ibah of Ajmer^ and on the west,
with Khach and Mekrdn. For &cility of reference, the two territories are
separately described. Its principal rivers are the six already mentioned.
The Bihat (Jhelum) Joins the Ohendh near the parganah of Shor and after
a course of 27 kSs, they unite with the Bayi at Zafarpur and the three
flowing collectively in one stream for 60 kos, enter the Indus near Ifch,
Within 12 kos oi Firozpi^r, the Bidh joins the Sutlej which then bears several
names, w., -Har, Hor*, Dand, Numi,* and in the neighbourhood of
1 Khatpiir is placed by Abal Faal in
the Baohna Doib and by Tieffenthaler
aa the first stage in a journey from
Labor to Multdn. " On passe en venant
de Lahore par Kabpur, Gazafsaray,
Kosohhara, Satghara, Harpam, Mak-
tonnpour, Kanpour d'on Ton se rend tout
droit a Houltan/'
« The text diffidently forms two name?
of these four, vi»., Harhiri, Dandnumi
but the authority of the two best MSS*
(relegated to the notes) divideathem.
One at least of these names, Dand, still
lives in the local designation of a former
bank of the Sutlej, whose shifting course
has modified the a«pect of the ^country.
One ancient bed, forming the base of the
segment where the Sutlej after its junc-
tion with the Beis curves round to the
south-west is called the Sukhar Nai (I.
G.) which crotaes the district east to west
and joins the modefn channel near the
borders of Sirsa. The Danda bank points
to a still more ancient course crossing
the south-west comer 35 miles east of
the present stream, traceable as far as
Moodkee and thence at intervals to the
Sutlej 15 miles farther north. The old
beds of the Bdvi and BeAs which former-
ly united their waters much lower down,
at present may be traced through a
great part of the BAri Doib. (I. G.)
Tieifenthaler transforms the whole river
system locating the eonfluenoe of tfae
Bivi and the Galongara (his local name
for the Sutlej augmented by the Befis)
within 8 miles of Uoh and that of the
Ghenib and B^vi at a town named " SoK
tanpour," otherwise called ** Noschahra,"
near which the B&vi, joined by the Sutlej
and Be&s falls into and loses its name
in the Chenib, and this river, now hold-
ing the Jhelum, B&vi, Sutlej and Beis,
continues to retain its own. See the
ancient courses of these rivers in Can*
ningham's Ancient Geography of India,
p. 220, et aeq. General Cunningham bases
bis discussion on Gladwin's translatioa,
vit., * For the distance of 17 h6s from
Feerozpoor, the rivers Bey ah and Sete*
Inj unite : aod then again as they pass
along, divide into 4 streams, vi>., the
Hur, Haray, Dund and the Noomy:
and near the city of Multin these 4
branches join again," and says that these
beds still exist but their names are lost*
Now Abul Fazl does not say that the
Sutlej divides into 4 streams, but that
it bears several names. I have been
careful to be exactly literal in my ver-
sion. The difficulty lies in the meaning
of the words *^***' j^ Vi)T«^, " nnites
with those four** Gladwin understands
the four which he divides, but there is
no other tradition of their uniting near
MultAn, and the Danda and the Sukhar
Digitized by
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327
MuUdn, confluent with the former four, thoir aocnmalated waters unite.
Erery river that discharges itself into the Indus takes its name of Sindh,
In Tattah, they call it Mihran.^
To the north are the mountains. Its climate is similar to that of
Lahor which it resembles in many aspects, but in Mult&n, the rainfall is
l«gs and the heat excessive.
Multdn is one of the oldest cities of India : Long. 107'' 35' ; Lat. 29'' 52'*.
U has a brick fort and a lofty minaret adds to its beauty. Shaikh Bahd-
u^dcUn ZakaHyd and many other saints here repose.
Bhakkar (Bhukkur) is a notable fortress ; in ancient chronicles it is
oalled Manfurah.^ The six rivers united roll beneath it, one channel
Nai oertunly do not, for they strike the
riYer at different points moch higher up.
Abnl Fazl is describing the rivers water-
ing the liolt&n Sdbah. He says they
are the six previously mentioned, vm.»
under Lahor. He first speaks of the
Jhelum and the Ohen&b and follows them
to their jonotion with the SHvi and then
to their meeting with the Indus. Here
are four. He now turns to the Beds and
Sutlej which join near Firozpur and the
stream after bearing several names be-
comes confluent with " those four'' near
Multiuif not, I consider, with the four local
names, even were they separate beds,
bat with the four that complete the six.
The doubt arises why he should place
the junction near Mult&n instead of Uch,
bat this is not surprising to any one ac-
oostomed to his obscure and vague style
of narrative. Moreover the passage in
the toxt resembles a notice of these six
rivers in Saber's Memoirs to which Abul
Facl was much indebted in the prepara-
tion of this third book of the Ain. The
passage is as follows : I use the trans-
lation of Erskine. "To the north of
Behrend, six rivers, the Bind, the Behat,
the Ohenftb, the lUlvi, the Biih, and
the Setlej, take their rise in these moun.
tains, and all uniting with the Sind in
the ten%U>ry of Multdn, take the com-
mon name of Sind, which flowing down
to the west, passes through the country
of Tatta, and disembogues into the
sea of Oman." Further the division of
the Sutlej into the four local streams does
not alter its point of junction with the
Ghen4b for at p. 222, Cunningham says
that Abul Fasl's measurements of dis-
tances from the confluence of the Ohen^b
and Jhelum to that of the Chen^b and
Bdvi and the Ghen&b and Indus agree
with the later state of these rivers.
1 The main stream of the Indus.
See its course and the names of its chan-
nels in Cunningham's Ancient Geography
of India, pp. 252, 272, 286, 298, &o. The
Indus is called the Mihr^ by Ibn
Haukal but his information leads him
to believe that its source is the Oxus
from whence passing Multlin and being
joined by the Sind ! at three marches
from that town falls into the sea at
Dambal (Debal;. Ousely, p. 165.
« Properly 80** 12' N. Long. 71** 80*
W. Tieff . gives the longitude from the
Fortunate Islands at 108° but this he
considers excessive. Bah^u'ddin is
mentioned in Vol. I, 899, and Ferishta's
monograph of the saint will probably
satisfy his modem disciples.
8 After the decline of the Arab power
in Sind about A. D. 871, two native
kingdoms raised themselves at Multiin
and Mansurah. The former comprised
Digitized by
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328
passing the southern face of the fort, the other the northern. The rainfall
is inconsiderable, the fruits excellent.
Between Siwi^ and Bhakkar is a vast desert, over which for three
months of the hot season the simoom blows.
The river 8%nd (Indus) inclines every few years alternately to its
southern and northern banks and the village cultivation follows its course.
For this reason the houses are constructed of wood and grass.
This Suhah comprises three Sarkdrs of 88 parganahs, all under assess-
ment for crops paying special rates. The measured land is 3,273,932
big has, 4 biswas. The gross revenue is 15 krorSf 14 lakhs, 3,619 dams,
(as. 378,590-8-0), of which 30 lakhs, 59,948 dams (Rs. 76,498-11-2), are
Suyurghdl. The local Militia consists of 18,785 Cavalry and 165,650
Infantry.
Sarkdr of Multdn. Four Dodbs.
Containing 47 Mahals, 558,649 Btghas, 4 Biswas. Revenue, 53,916,318
Ddms. Suyurghdl, 6,494,236 Dams. Cavalry, 8,965. Infantry, 90,650.
Bet Jdlandhar Bodb.
Containing 9 Mahals, 52,090 Btghas. Revenue, 17,240,147 Ddms.
Cavalry, 1,410.
Infantry, 17,100.
••>
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenae
D.
!
o
80
10
1
t-H
Castes.
Adamwihan,* ...
JaUldbdd,
5,886
5,000
869,445
299,798
...
700
200
Qasar.S
Bhim.
the apper valley of the Indus as far as
Alor; the latter extended from that
town to the sea and nearly coincided
with the modem province of Sind.
Alor, or Aror, the capital, almost rivalled
Malt6n and had an extensive commerce.
I. G. Genl. Cunningham (Ancient Geog.)
gives the name of Man^iarah to the
town fonnded, according to Masaddi, by
Jamhur, the Moslem governor of Sindh,
and named after his own father Man^iir,
so close to Brahman&bid as to be regard-
ed as the same place. His learned dis-
onssion depends too much on analogies
of sound iu names, to be quite convincing.
See, also, Mansiira in Elliot's Arabs in
Sind, p. 50, et seq.
1 Siwi, Sewist&n, and Sehwin ate
constantly confounded or mistaken as
Elliot remarks without, however, him-
self determining the position of the
first which is a town or the geog^phical
limits of the second which is a pro-
vince. Siwi is somewhat south of the
direct line between Dera Ghaxi Khia
and Quetta, now well known as Sibi.
Vol. I, p. 862, 84we.
2 Var. and G. D&man.
3 Var. Jhhar, Chhar.
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32d
Bfghas
Biswas.
BeTenue
D.
1
1
1
1
t-H
400
Castes.
bunyapdr.
27,889
1,876,862
11,998
50
irki,» Rind.
RAjp6r,
1,368
90,397
...
20
300
Jdnah.
^hhg0fh,
75,000
6,741,200
...
400
4000
Kacbhi,
Jdnah,
Bik^nah/
MaUb.
Pattpfip,
61,797
4,008,661
24,696
500
5000
J(inah.
Kahrdr,*
47,695
806,866
40,981
100
8000
Jdnah.
Kliaibul^,^ ...
80,411
594,288
...
200
...
Jat and an-
other name
illegible.
Ghalu* Kb£rah,
18,810
1,201,086
*•.
100
2000
Kaln, Jat.
Bdri Dodb.
Containing 11 Mahals, 137,629 Btghas, 13 Biswas. Bevenue,
9,863,341 Bdias, Suyirghdl, 207,382 Bdms, Cavalry, V75. Infantry,
14,650.
Bighas
Biswas.
BeYenne
D.
1.
s
I
1
1-4
Castes.
IslAmpdr, has a briok fori,...
28,086
1,650,896
60,394
1000
8000
Bh(m,Maral.
Tsmailpur,
900
49>982
«..
5
50
Maral.
Maltan town, has a briok
fort.
8,824
1,719,168
88,980
50
1000
Bhim.Shaikh-
z&dab.
Tnlambab,
19,310
1,200,778
15,766
800
5000
8<5h<i.
Villages of the parganah of
Chankhandi,
2,927
191,054
...
,,,
.«.
Babarban district of Mnltin,
85,925
2,288,854
87»468
• ».
...
Bhim.
Tillaffes of parganah of Khat-
piir.
2,487
149,578
...
...
...
Do. Do. Deg» Rfivi,
897-14
50,146
...
...
...
8hah Aalampdr,
24,121
1,555,563
1,180
200
4000
Villages of pargariah of Eh&i-
bdldi,
7,584-19
490,664
••.
...
Hatilah,
2,068
608,418
8,598
20
600
Jat.
» Tar. irti.
* Among some illegible variants,
Thinah.
• Var. and G. Khardar, bnt Kahror is
well-known in MnlULn District. See
I. G. and Cunningham, p. 241.
♦ Var. and T. Khailiildi.
42
» T. and G. Kheln.
• The Degh (I. G.) is the chief tribu-
tary of the RAti, which it receives after
entering Montgomery District on its
north-west bank and then passes into
liult&n District.
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330
Bechndu Dodb.
Containing 6 Mahah, 83,229 Bighas, 18 Btswas. Revenue, 5,113,383
Ddms. Cavalry, 770. Infantry, 9,600.
a
Bigbas
Biswas.
Berenne
D.
&
1
1
1^
Castes.
Irajp6r and D^g B£vi,
87,230
2,877,800
•••
100
2000
Kbaral.
Ghankhandi, ...
7,620
216,880
M«
100
2000
Do.
Kbatpdr,
8,887
606,898
!••
600
8000
Jafc, Sindh.
DaUbhati,
8,768.18
266,669
,,,
20
600
Kbaral.'
Ealbah,
16,208
968,786
•••
60
2000
Jai, S6b6.
8ind 8dgar Ddah,
Containing 4 MahaU, 34,812 Bighas. Revenue, 2,178,192 Bami.
Suyurghdl, 13,399 Dams. Cavalry, 220. Infantry, 2,000.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
02
i
200
20
5
1
20<)0
600
Castes.
Villages of IsUmpdr,
Bangpfir, .*.
Ka^pnr Kanki, ...
MiBcellaneous villages, 1
Mahal,
6,776
22,907
6,600
600
873,867
1,410,787
806,068
88,080
l6;787
2,662
•••
Jat.
Bhim.
Beyond the Five^ Bivers, (JBirun % Panjnad.)
Containing 17 Mahals,^ 205,893 Btghds, 13 Biswas. Revenne,
18,820,265 Dams. Suyurghal, 38,688 Dams. Cavalry, 5,800. Infantry,
57,600.
' A sligbt notice of tbe Kbarals oocnrs
in tbe description of tbe Montgomery
District. I. Q.
' Of tbeae Cunningbam can identify
bat Ucb, Dir&wal, Moj and Marot, wbioh
be places, east of tbe Sntlej. Tbe limits
of tbe province of Mnltin in the time of
Hwen Tbsang incladed tbe north half
of the Bbawalpnr territory in addition
to the tract lying between the ri?er8,
the north frontier extending from
Derah Din Pan&h on the Indus to Pik
Pattan, a distance of 160 miles ; on the
west, tbe frontier line of tbe Indus to
Kk&npdr, 160 miles ; on tbe east from P^
Pattan to tbe old bed of tbe Ghagar,
80 miles : on the south from Kh6np&r
to the Qbagar, 220 miles, p. 220.
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331
Bfghas
Biswas.
Bevenne
D.
!'
t
6
1
Castes.
Ubanrah,
11,820
915,256
4,684
80
500
Dhar.
ITch,
29,056
1,910,140
•••
100
400
Shaikzadah,
Bnkhari
Bayyid.
Bhnrtiwihan, (rar. and G.
Diman),
16,696
1,836,029
18,564
200
2000
Rijpiifc,
Lodhi.
Balooh,
Jamsh^r, •«.
4,334
848,087
...
150
2000
Bholdi and
Nardi.^
Dadai, has a brick forfc,
40,620-11
2,400,000
•••
4000
30,000
DddAi.«
Diwari Awiral, (Cnnniog-
bam. Dirawal),
2,718
140,000
•••
50
500
R&ipnt, Eot-
w&l.
D6d Kh£n,
17,890
1,440.000
...
...
•••
Villages of BAjpup,
452
29,854
...
...
Rapari,
12,075
1,080,000
..*
...
Sitpur,
44,538-8
4,608,000
•••
1000
20,000
Afghin.
Seorihi,
5.124
28,800
.••
20
100
Dhar.
Villages of Fate^piir,
5,224
880,779
*••
,,,
•••
fj „ Kahardr,
1,384
87,289
••«
...
...
Majlol» Ghixipdr,
40,521
2,400,000
•••
••*
,,,
Maah, has a brick forfc.
(Cmmingham Moj.)
9,083
707,069
20,440
50
1000
Koraishi.
Mardt, do.
5,456
204,000
•«•
200
1000
Bhat(L
Mahand
9,336-12
8,014,000
...
200
1000
Sarkdr of Dipdlpur,^
Containing 29 Mahals^ 1,433,767 Bighas, 8 Butoas. Revenue,
129,331,153 D(i»w. Suyurghdl, 2fi79,l70 Ddms. Cavalry, 6,210. Infantry.
53,300.
B^t Jdlandhar Dodh.
Containing 10 Mahals, 710,946 Btghas, 10 Biswas, ^.evenae, 88,808,855
Dams, Suyurghdl^ 1,481,564 Dims. Castes, various. Cavalry, 2,400.
Infantry, 20,400.
* Var. Narwi Barwi.
■ Var. Daw4i, Dadai.
* Var. and G. Maldfc.
^ See Cnnningham, Ancient Geo-
g^phy. India, p. 218, et tieq for this
Sarkdr.
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332
Bighas
^ Biswas.
Revenae
D.
1-
!
1
Castes.
Pa^^n, (Pik Pattan) has a
briok fort,
49,014
2,628,928
599,989
100
2000
Bh£l,Dhdkar
Dipilpar Lakhi, has a briok
fort,
242,844-11
18,614,069
499,636
600
7000
Ja^Kho-
khar,Ka8o,'
Dhanakshilh,* has a Inriok
Bhani.
fort,
60,676-1
8,484,876
87,162
•.•
400
Deotir,
40,730
2,489,860
23,400
60
1000
Jat.
Ba^matdb&d, ...
88,286
1,825,009
...
100
2000
Balooh,
Ehokhar.
Kabulah/ has a briok fort,...
86,616-12
4,803,817
...
1000
2000
JiUah*Rdiiu.
(iyimpdr Lakhi, has a brick
fort,
64,678-19
2,008,274
88,866
800
2000
Bhatii, Jat.
Kalntki Lakhi,...
65,248-8
2,885,969
98,809
60
1000
Do. do.
Khokar&in Lakhi,
21,180
1,011,716
36,388
160
1000
Khokhar.
Lakhi Los^ni,* •••
61,619-16
8,166,769
6,940
100
2000
Bha^
Khilji.
Bart Dodh^
Containing 6 Mahals, 193,495 Btghas, 9 Biswas. Bev^nne, 1,175,393
Ddins. Castes, various. Cavalry, 1,100. Infantry, 14,000.
Bighas
Biswas.
Bevenae
D.
!
1
1^
Castes.
Bahr«hpdl,« ...
18,717-9
1,176,898
60
600
•
Bha^^.
Bab4 Bhoj, has a fort.
89,385
2,020,256
20,256
150
2000
Sa/yid, Jat.
Chahni,'
25,993
1,200,600
600
60
2000
Sayyid, Ao.
Ba\^mib£d,
24,329
1,182,714
...
60
600
Kharal,
Balooh.
§adkharah,» ...
69.447
8,651,630
20,976
800
4000
Do.
Mandh^, ... • ...
25,6^4
2,703,429
...
500
5000
Bhim.
* Var. Keadthi.
* Var. and G. Dhanshlih.
• Var. and G. Lakhi ];f:ab<ilah.
• Var. Jdijah, see Johiya nnder
Montgomery Dist. in I. G. with other
TBLiyi tribes. Also Oanningham, p. 246.
• Var. TdslMUii, Losfani. G. YusVini^
• Var. Bhirahpal.
' Var. Jahni.
• At p. 113, Sadkarah,
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333
Bechndu Bdah.
Containing 7 MahaU^ 142,856 Bighas^ 2 Biswas. Revenue, 8,534,915
Bams, Suyurghdl, 5,808 Ddms.
try, 6,300.
Castes, various. Cavalry, 710. Infan-
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenae
D.
V0
!
1
1-^
Castes.
Kli£np6r,
19,699-18
1,286,740
80,380
30
600
Kbaral.
Dalchi Chandhar,
9,158-12
606,657
1,620
60
1000
Ghaudhar.
Shabzidah Balooh,
12,749-12
789,742
...
100
1000
Baloch.
4Abidi Abad, ...
6,976
843,932
...
10
300
Jat.
FaryjLdaWld, ...
18,708
1,098,694
...
20
1000
Jat.
Kharal,
83,732
1,907,069
2,800
300
2000
Khari.
Mahes,
42,944
2,609,182
...
200
600
Beyond the Five Rivers {Birun i Panjnad).
Containing 6 Mahals, 386,470 Btghas, 7 Biswas. Revenue, 20,580,771
Bams. Snytirghdl, 549,972 Ddms. Cavalry, 1,000. Infantry, 12,300.
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
!
1
Castes.
JalaUbid,
34,476-7
1,739,289
...
50
1000
Ranghar,
Bhatti.l
Jat.
Jan^l,
18,012
663,616
...
300
4000
Bhatti.
Ailampdr,
31,008-10
1,579,668
...
60
1000
Ranghar,
Jat.
Fir6zp6r,
217,710-17
11,479,404
199,404
600
8000
Afghdn,
Ranghar.
Villages of Lakhi Kabiilah,
29,186
1,636,660
.
...
66,614-13
3,492,454
360,668
100
3600
BhaUi, Kho-
khar.
Sarkar of Bhakkar {Bukkur) .
Containing 12 Mahals, 282,013 Bighas. Revenue, 18,424,947 Ddww.
Suy^ghdl, 600,419 Ddms. Cavalry, 4,600. Infantry, 11,100.
* Text note soggests Lat^i as the
proper reading. As there are abont 300
dans of Sindhis, besides the tribes and
of Hindost&n proper, that may
be located in or abont this region, their
identification is almost as hopeless as
their orthography.
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884
Bighas
Biswas.
Revenue
D.
1.
r
02
!
i
1
Castes.
Alor, has a fort,
143,700
1,132,160
20,560
200
600
Dharejah.1
Bhakkar, has a strong forti
...
74,362
...
200
1000
Mehar and
Kahir.
Jindolah,
67,847
3,102,709
85,064
400
800
Jahna.S
Jat6i',
179,821-14
2,346,873
156,841
400
800
Darb^ah,
121,146
1,262,761
68,872
200
600
Bha^ti.
Sankar,
100,818
1,808,628
82,332
500
1000
Sah^jah.8
Sewi,
1,381,930
.*•
500
1500
Fatbp6r,
8,050-10
477,869
...
200
1000
Saheiah,
Dhir^jafa.
Khaj6nah>
10,063
645,205
• ..
200
ICOO
J4man.
Ehdra Edkan, ...
154,151
2,732,331
188,608
500
1000 Dh4r6jah.
K4khari, (var. K^kri),
178,838-16
2,106,431
63,208
500
1000
Manki^rah.
Mdnhalah,
128,078
1,363,713
28,944
500
1000
Dhar^jah
(var. Hiire-
jah).
Kings of Mid tan .^
Shaikh Ydsnf, reigned...
Saltan Mal^mad^ (var. Muhammad Sh&h)
„ Kutbu'ddin, his son
„ Hnsain, his son
Years.
2
17
16
30
• Var. Saranjah. The Dharejah forest
is in Shikarpnr District I. G. under Bind.
• Var. Janah or Jatah.
• Var. Sahechah, Sahja, Samjah.
• Var. and G. Gharjdnah.
^ This province, says the U. T., was
first conqnered hj Mahomed E^sim at
the end of the first centary Hejira. It
was recovered by the Hindus on the
decline of the Ghazni power. After
Mahomed Ghori's snbjngation it remained
tributary to Delhi until
A. H. A. D.
847. 1443. Shaikh Ydsuf estab-
lished an independ-
ent monarchy.
849. 1445. Ray Sehra, or ]^ii^bu'd-
din Hosen Langa I
expelled the Shaikh.
A. H.
908.
A.D.
1502.
Mahmud Khin Langa ;
his minister Jam
Bayezid.
931. 1524. Hosen Langa 11, over-
come by Sh&h Hosen
Arghun. Under Ha-
mayun, becomes a
province of the em-
pire.
' This name is altogether omitted by
Ferishta who describes Ka^bu'ddin's in-
trigue and succession, in his history of
Mult&n. The name of l^utbn'ddin was
Rae Sahra and he was governor of SsTri
and the adjacent territory and the hesd
of the Afghan clan of Lang&h. He died
in A. H. 874 (A. D 1469), ^asain Shih
in 904 or 908 (1498 or 1502) and Mahmud
in 931 (1524).
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335
Tears.
Salfin Fir6z, his son ... ... ... ... 1
„ Husain, a second time.
„ Mahmiid, son of Sult^Ln Fir6z ... ... 27
„ Hasain, son of Snl^dn Firdz .. ... 1
Slidh J^nsain, (Argbdn), roler of Sind.
Mirzd Kamrin.
Sher Khan.
Salim Kh^n.
Sikandar £h4n.
At one period the province was subject to the sovereigns of Delhi : at
another it was under the control of the rulers of Sind, and for a time was
held by the princes of Qhazni. After its conquest hy Muizzu'ddin Sam
(Ghori), it continued to pay tribute to Delhi. In the year A. H. 847
(A. D. 1443) when Sultan Alau'ddfn reigned at Delhi, and constituted
authority fell into contempt, every chief in possession of power, set up a
pretension to independence. A noisy faction raised Shaikh Ydsuf
Kuraishi, a disciple of Shaikh Bahdu'ddfn Zakariya, to supremacy. Ho
was subsequently deposed and proceeded with haste to the court of Sul^dn
Bahldl at Delhi. The sovereignty now devolved upon one of the Langdh
&mi1y, who assumed the title of Sul^dn Mahmud Shdh. It is related that
this chief had given his daughter in marriage to Shaikh Ydsuf, and on the
strength of this connection, used frequently to visit her alone, till one
night by a successful intrigue he accomplished his design on the throne.
Daring the reign of Sul^in ^u^bu'ddin, Sul^dn Mal^mlid Khiiji advanced
fiom Malwah against Mult^n but returned without effecting anything.
Some maintain that the fii%t of the Langdh family who was raised to the
throne was Kutbu'ddin. In the reign of Sultan Husain, Bahldl sent (his
son) Barbak Shdh with a force to reinstate Shaikh Ydsuf, but they re-
turned unsuccessful. SuHan Husain becoming old and doting, placed his
eldest son upon the throne under the title of Fir6z Shah, and withdrew
into retirement. His Wazir Imadu'l Mulk, poisoned him in revenge for
the murder of his own son and Sult&n Husain a second time resumed the
sceptre and appointed Mahmdd Khan, son of Sultan Firdz, his heir. On
the death of Sultan Husain, after a reign of 30 or 34 years,i Sultan Mahmdd
ascended the throne. During his reign several incursions were made
by the Mughals who, however, retired discomfited. Some malicious intri-
' Ferishta gives bis death on the 26th
of Safar A. H. 908 (I5Q2) bat adds that
another account makes it 4 years earlier.
The whole of this narrative in mnoh
greater detail will be found in that
historian.
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336
gners throngb jealouRjr created a misunderstanding between tbe Sultan anj
Jam Bajazid wbo bad long beld tbe office of prime minister, and misre-
presentations oanningly made in a ronndaboat waj, brongbt tbem into open
conflict. Tbe minister withdrew from Mnltan to Sb6r and read tbe
khufbah in tbe name of Snlfdn Sikandar L<5di. On tbe death of Sn1(in
Mahratid, bis infant son was raised to tbe throne as Snl(^n Hnsain (II).
Mirza Shah ](Jusain (Argbdn) marched from Tattah and took Mnltin and
entrusted its charge to Langar Khin. Mirza Omr^n dispossessed him of
it and after him Sber Kh4n, Salim Kb4n and Sikandar successively beld
it till the splendour of Humajdn's equal administration filled Hindast^a
with its bngbtness and secured its peace. At tbe present day under tbe
just sway of His Majesty bis subjects find there an undisturbed repose.
Sarhdr of Tattah,
Daring a long period this was an independent terntory but now forma
part of tbe imperial dominions. Its length from Bhakkar to Kach and
Mekrdn is 257 hde, its breadth from tbe town of Budtn to Bandar Ldhari}
100 kds^ and again from tbe town of Ohdndo one of the dependencies of
Bhakkar f to Bikaner is 60 kds. On tbe east lies Oujardt : to the north
Bhakkar and SSwi :* to the south, the ocban, and to the west Kach and
Mekrdn, It is situated in the second climate and lies in Longitude 102^
30' ; Lat. 24° lO'.s
The ancient capital was Brdhmandbdd,^ a large city. Its citadel bad
1,400 towers, at an interval of a tandhf^ and to this day there are many
*■ See this name in the I. G. (Index),
Bnder *' Lahari Bandar," and in Onnning-
ham in his account of Sindh. (Andent
Geography).
' The text is, I thiok, here in error
in transforming this name into the
Persian y* with the itidfat, which the
constmction of the sentence does not
properly admit. I am in concurrence
with Gladwin and Tieffenthaler.
• The town lies in Lat. 24° 44' N.
aad Long. 68"" B.
* Identified by Cunningham with
Harmatelia, (a softer pronunciation of
Br&hmathala, or Brahmanasthala) of
Diodorus and placed on the east branch
of the Mihr&n or Indus, 47 miles north-
east of Haidaribad, 28 miles east of
Hflla and 20 miles west of the eastern
channel of the Indus known as Nibm.
He giYes the number of bastions as 140
on the authority of the MSS. but both
Gladwin and Blochmann concur in 1,400,
and there is no variant reading. His
conclnsion is, that the place known now
as Bambhra ha thiU represents the min-
ed city of Mansura and the neighbour-
ing mound now called Dilnra, Brahmani-
biUl. They certainly attest his industry
and research if not his conclnanon which
the absence of local coins of Hindd
origin, though many of Arab c^T^noES
are found, somewhat impug^.
• See p. 61.
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387
traces of its fortifications. Alor^ next became tbe metropolis and at the
present day it is Tattahf also called DehaL The monatains to the north
form several branches. One of them trends towards Kandahdr^ and another
rising from the sea coast extends to the town of Kohbdr, called Bdmgar^
and terminates in Sewistdn and ia there known as Lakkhi.^ This tract is
inhabited by an important Baloch tribe called Kalmdniy^ consisting of twenty
thonsand cavalry. A fine breed of camels is here indigenous. A third
range mns from 86hwdn to S6wi and is called KkcUtar^ where dwells a tribe
named Nohmardi that can raise a force of 300 horse and 7,000 foot. Below
this tribe, there is another clan of the Baloch known as Nazhari with a force
of a thousand men. A good breed of horses comes from this tract. A fourth
mountain chain touches Kach (Gtinddvd) on one side, and on the other the
Kahndni territory, and is called Kdrah inhabited by 4,000 Balochis.
In the winter season there is no need of poshtins ffur-lioed coats) and
1 The rnina of Alor, or more correctly
Aror, are dtoated to the sonth of a gap
in the low range of limebtone hilli
stretching from Bhakar to the sonth for
about 20 miles nntil it is lost in the
broad belt of sand hills bounding the
"Sin, or old bed of the Indos. On the west,
Cunningham reg^ards it as the capital of
the Musicani of Gurtius. He disputes
the assertion of Abul Fazl that Debal
and Tattah are the same. Bir H. Elliot
places Debal at Kar&chi. General Oun-
ningham prefers a site between Karachi
and Tattah and is "almost <3ertain"
that it must be the Indian city in which
Zobeide in the Arabian Nights found all
the people turned to stone. This certi-
tude on such a point is striking and
originaL
t The Lakhi range (the text duplicates
the k.) is an offshoot from the Kirthar
which separates Sind from Beluchistin.
I. G. Kohbdr has a variant Eorahyir,
but I do not trace it ; the Msk^sir 'ul
Umara has Kohbdr but as its description
of Sindh is taken from Abul Fazl, its
authority is of no independent value.
8 The Baloch and the Brahui are the
two great races of Baloohistan, each
43
subdivided into an infinite number of
tribes. Of these the Kumberani is said
to take precedence of all others. The
name in the text is not mentioned in
the works I have consulted. Sherring
mentions Kirmani.
^ No doubt the Kirthar range of the
I. G., an off shoot of which, the Lakhi,
terminates abruptly a few miles south of
Sehw&n. Nafhari has a variant T<^2ari
adopted by Gladwin. The plain country
to the east of the mountain mass that
intervenes between it and EheUt ia
called Eachhi or Kachh Gandivd and
Kdrah seems to be a spur that strikes
thence to the Lakhi chain. North of
the Bol&n, confused ranges of mountains
extend to east with a strike nearly
east and west to the Sulaim&n range.
This tract inhabited by Marris, Bngtis
and other Baloch tribes is bounded on
the north by the province of Sewisfc&n
(I. G.) General Onnningham states
that Sehw&n is snid to be a contraction
of Sewistin and rejects it as a juodem
innovation of the Hindus, but he could
scarcely have seen the text of Abul Fazl
whose account does not admit of this
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the sammer heats are moderate except in Sewistdn. Fmits are of varionB
kinds and mangoes are especially fine. In the desert tracts, a small kind
of melon grows wild. Flowers are plentiful and camels are nnmerons 'and
of a good breed. The means of locomotion is bj boats of which there are
many kinds, large and small, to the number of 40,000. The wild ass is
hunted, and game, such as, hares, the kotah pdchah^ and wild boars;
fishing likewise is much pursued.
The assessment of the country is made on the system of division of
crops,* a third being taken from the husbandman. Here are salt-pits and
iron mines. Shdli rice is abundant and of good quality. Six kds from
Tattah is a mine of yellow stone, large and small slabs of which are
quarried and used for building. The staple food consists of rice and fish.
The latter is smoked and loaded in boats, and exported to the ports and
other cities, afEording a considerable profit. Fish-oil is also extracted and
used in boat building. There is a kind of fish called palwah which comes
up into the Indus from the sea, unrivalled for its fine and exquisite flavour.
Milk-curds of excellent quality are made and keep for four months.
Near Sehtodn is a large lake, two days' journey in length called
MancMr, in which artificial islands have been made by fishermen who
dwell on them.
But the greatest of all wonders is the Liver-Eater (Jigar Khwdr), an
individual who by glances and incantations can abstract a man's liver.
Some aver that under certain conditions and at certain times, he renders
the person senseless upon whom he looks, and then takes from him what
resembles the seed of a pomegranate, which he conceals for a time in the
1 Literally ' short legged.' It is
znentioDed bj Baber in his Memoirs
among the fauna of K&bul and India
and is thus described in firsldne's
translation. ''Its size may be equal
to that of the white deer. Its two
fore-legs as well as its thighs are
short, whence its name. Its horns are
branching like those of the g^wezin
but less. Every year too it casta its
horns like the stag. It is a bad runner
and therefore never leaves the jungle."
These characteristics seem to point to
the hog-deer. {Cervus porcintu,)
S I believe this to be the proper trans-
lation of LT^ ^ and not *oom bear-
ing' as I have construed it at p. 44,
(final word of the page). According to
the I. G. in Haidarabad District Sind,
the Government assessment was former-
ly levied in kind (hhasffi) but on a
petition from the ZamCndars, the pay-
ment has since been made in cash. They
are paid by the tenants in kind at the
following rates : On land under eharkhi
(Persian wheel) cultivation, one- third of
produce : on aaUdbi (canal flooding) lands,
two-thirds ; in the case of the best lands,
yielding cotton, tobacco and sngurcane,
as a rule in cash.
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calf of bis leg. Daring this interval the person whose liver is stolen re«
mains nnconscions, and when thns helpless, the other throws the seed on
the fire which spreads out like a plate. Of this he partakes with his fellows
and the onoooscioas yictim dies. He can convey a knowledge of his art to
whomsoever he wills, by giving him a portion of this food to eat and teach-
ing him the incantation. If he is oanght in the act and his calf be out
open and the seed extracted and given to his victim, the latter will recover.
The followers of this art are mostly women.
They can convey intelligence from long distances in a brief space of
time and if they be thrown into the river with a stone tied to them, they
will not sink. When it is desired to deprive one of these of this power,
they brand both sides of his head and his joints, fill his eyes with salt,
suspend him for forty days in a subterraneoos chamber, and give him food
without salt, and some of them recite incantations over him. During this
period he is called Dhachrah, Although his power then no longer exists,
he is still able to recognize a Inver-Eater, and these pests are captured
through his detection. He can also restore people to health by incantation
or administering a certain drug. Extraordinary tales are told of these
people that are beyond measure astonishing.
This country is the fourth Sarkdr of the Stibah of Mult&n. From the
confines of Uch to Tattah towards the north are rocky mountain ranges
inhabited by various Baloch tribes, and on the south from Uch to Oujardt
are sandhills in which region are the AhsMm bhcUti^ and other numerous
clans. From Bhakkar to Nofirpdr and UmarkSf are the Sodah, Jdrejah and
other tribes. This Suhah contains 5 Sarkdrs subdivided into 53 parganahs.
The revenue is 6,615,393^ dams, (Bs. 165,383-13-2.)
Barkdr of Tattah.
Containing 18 Mahah. Revenue, 25,999,991 Ddms.
Uhari Bandar,
Batori,*
Beyenne
D.
6,621,419
4,982,286
6ahrimp6r,
B<5ri, ...
Bevenne
D.
1,811,612
434,305
* According to Ounningham, the early
Arab geographers place a Btrong*fort
called Bhitia between Halt&n and Alor,
which, from its position has a claim to
be identified with the city boilt by
Alexander among the Sogdi, but he
mentions no tribe of the name, neither
have any of the Bhat^i Bajpnts men-
tioned by Elliot any such prefix as
Ah8hdm, The Sodahs have been identi-
fied by Tod with the Sogdoi. Ancient
Geography, pp. 253-254.
• Var. 6,615,293.
3 Var. Fatora, Batwir, Banwir.
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840
Revenue
BeTenne
D.
Sirsi J&m, ... ...
0.
Jak4r/
848,462
142,641
^«.
82,890
Karhar, (yar. and G. Karkar).
8,328,476
Darak, (rar. Dnrg),
Dankari, (rar. Dikri),
2,970,441
Lekln Kh^n^h, ...
636,796
815,921
Maljah,
1,106,606
Batnah,
842,144
Minjar,
i;821,75a
Bankiirah,'
2,108,097
Nif&mpiir,
362,724
Sarkdr of Edjkdn.
Gontaining 11 MahdU. Berenne, 11,784,586 Dims,
,
Revenue
Bevenne
D.
Kar6ri,
D.
B^h Fatt^
840,178
629,987
B^lah,...
666,817
Laandi,
1,119,978
Hajkto,
655,699
Mandni, (var. and O. Mandri).
694,269
Jann, ...
8,166,418
Maddi,
2,852,605
Bahb^n
742,978
Nubiyir, (rar. and G. Napiy^r).
1,280,489
Detached villageaR...
486,788
Sarkdr of Seunstdn.
9 Mahals. Bevenne, 15,54.6,808 Dams.
B&tar, (var. Pitar G. Palar) ...
Baghb^to,
Batan (var. and T. Patau), ...
B^ik^ (var. and G. Bdstkin,
T. LuBigin),
Janjah,
Revenue
D.
2,020,884
1,948,152
1,902,083
1,825,190
1,978,958
Kha^, ..
Sub. dist. of Sewistin, has a
strong fort,
KAhin,
Lakhiwat (var. Lakiiwat), ...
Revenue
D.
1,829,923
1,669,732
1,640,764
1,231,776
1 Though there is no variant to this
name, I suspect that there has been a
transposition of the K and R, and that
it is meant for the town of Jarak
situated midway between Haidar4bad
and Tattah.
' See Elliot, Arabs in Sind, p. 280.
• So I have translated j/^ *a»^^,
the term mosk^ri, being applied in old
revenue accounts to small and scattered
estates not included in the acoounta of
the districts in which they were situated
and of which the assessments were paid
direct to Government. The word occurs
as Ma»Hrin in the list of parganaha
under the Sarkdrs of Tindah and
FatUb^d, 84Jtbah Orissa. It may also
signify the villages dependent on the
preceding (maekdr) Mahalt vi»., Rahb&n,
and thus Gladwin takes it.
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341
Sarhdr of Nasirjdr.
7 MahdU. Beyenne, 7,834,600 Ddms.
Uinarkd^
Samiwdni, (rar. and G.
Sam&dini),
Kidil, (yar. Eandil),
Beyenne
D.
1,057,802
826,104
8,081,680
615,904
Kiair,
Mirkandan,
Nafirpfir,
Revenne
D.
401,788
628,896
1,878,126
$arkdr of OhakarTidlah.
8 MdhaU. Revenue, 5,085,408 Ddms.
Arp^r,...
Ohakarh&lah,
Biyir,...
Gh&zipiir,
Beyenae
D.
781,190
747,176
719,207
988,656
Tew4ri, (var. Law&ri),
Ehari Jiinah,
Bnrkah ManlLwali,
Barhi,...
Beyenne
D.
571,073
508,162
490,868
883,688
Princei of Tattah.^
1. The family of Tamim An^dri during the ascendancy of the House
of Umayyah.
2. The Sumra (Ildjptit) line of 36 princes, reigned 500 years, (ac-
cording to Ferishta— 100 — their names unrecorded).
^ The following li«t is from the U. T.
A. H. A. D.
87. 706. B^lochiflt&n inyaded by
Hijaj, goyemor of
Bassora, and Md.
E&sim.
The ^iMoriM, the Bumeraa^ and the
OwnoMLB or Jama^ Bncoesfliyely gain the
aacendanpy, then a Delhi, goyemor
1208 ? Nasir nd din Kabbacha, beoomea
independent, drowned.
The Jami Dynasty of BwnanOf ori-
ginally R4jpnt8.
A.H. A.D.
787. 1886. J&m Afra; tributary
to Toghlak
Shilh.
A. H.
A.D.
740.
1889.
Jim
Choban.
754.
1888.
i>
Bang { asserted
his indepen-
dence.
782.
1867.
*»
Timaji, his bro-
ther.
782.
1880.
i>
SaUhn'ddin, con-
yert to Islfon.
798.
1891.
i>
Nizamn'ddin.
796.
1898.
>»
Ally Sher.
812.
1409.
1)
Giran, son of
Timaji.
812.
1409.
>t
Fatteh Eh6n.
827.
1428.
$9
Toghlak, inyaded
Gajerat.
864.
1460.
}>
Sikandar.
866.
1462.
»
Sangar, elected.
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3. Of the Samma dynasty.
Jim Unar, reigned, ...
„ Jdni, his brotheri
y, Banhatijah, •••
y, Tamichi, his brother,
,1 Sald^n'ddin, ...
„ Niz&mu*ddin, his son,
,, ^li Sh6r Tamdchi,
„ Kar&n, son of Tam^hi,
Fateh Kh&n, son of Sikandar,
Tnghlak, his brother,
Mub&rak, the ehambeiiain,
Sikandar, b. Fat]^ Kh&n,
•••
•••
Years Months D.
3 6 0
4 0 0
15 0 0
13 and some months.
11 and do.
2 and a fraction.
6 and some months.
0 0 1|
11 and some months.
28 0 0
0 0 3
16 0
A. H. A.D.
864. 1460. J&m Nandi or Niz^m-
u'ddin, oot. of
Hasan Langa.
894. 1492. „ Ferozj the Tor-
khan family be-
came powerfnli
1520.
927. 1620. Sh&h Beg Arghnn, oo-
cnpiee Bind.
980. 1528. Sh&h Hosein Arghnn.
962. 1554. Mal^mdd of Bhakar.
982. 1672. Akbar annexes Bind.
(Feriflhta, 1001 »
1692.)
Tieffenthaler's list except in the first 8
names is in accordance with these, allow-
ing for his erratic spelling: Elliot's
taken from the Tarikh i Masiimi, changes
the third name only. Ferishta giyes the
1st and 8rd names Afz&h and Mini ;
Briggs, Afr& and Bany. Ferishta makes
Tamdji son of Mini i Briggs, his brother,
Ferishta allots 62 years to the reign of
Kizima'ddin Nandi ; Briggs, 82, and
his dates are not taken from Ferishta
who gives none except to the last 8 on
the U. T. list and in accordance with it.
I have to note that Ferishta gives the
duration of the Somra dynasty, as 100
years and not 600 as Briggs records and
the name of the sncceeding race, Satmah
or Sntmah (o'*****) and not Soomnna.
The title of Jim, Ferishta prononnoes a
boast of their supposed descent from
Jamshid, but commonly given to their
head or chief to preserve the tradition
of this fabnions lineage. The lineage
of the Snmra and Samma dynasties is
discussed in Appendix P. of Blliof s
Arabs in Bind. The latter name may be
traced in the Sambast» and Sambus of
Alexander's historians. Sambus ooonrs
as Babbas in Plutarch, Saboutas in
Strabo, Ambigarus in Justin and
Ambiras in Orosius. These variations
are not surprising and we have an
analogous instance in the name of the
famous English Free Lanoe of the Middle
Ages, Sir John Hawkwood, whi^ ooouis
frequently in the Italian writers of that
time under the following disguises i
Auguto, Aguto, Acute, Haukennod, Eau
Kennode, Hau Kebbode, Haucatos^
Aucobedda, and Falcon del Bosco. Jdm»
shed is formed, according to Elliot's
authorities, from Jim * king ' and Bh6d
* sun ' (p. 195) but he modestly leaves
the etymology of Jim undecided.
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Years Months D.
8 and some months.
60 and some months.
Sanjar, oommonly called Bddhan (yar. and G.
Rddmany ••• ••• .••
Jim Nizdma*ddin, kno?ni as Jim Nandi, (see
Vol. I, p. 362), ...
Jim FinSz, his son.
„ ^il^u'ddin, a relation of Firtfz,
„ Fir6z, a second time.
In former times, there lived a Biji named Siharas^ whose capital was
Al<5r. His sway extended eastwards, as far as Kashmir and towards the
west to Mekrin, while the sea confined it on the south and the mountains
on the north. An inyading army entered the country from Persia, in
opposing which the Biji lost his life. The invaders contenting themselves
with devastating part of the territory, returned. Bie Sihi, the Biji's
son, succeeded his father, by whose enlightened wisdom and the aid of hi«
intelligent minister BdrHf justice was universally administered and the
repose of the country secured. A Brihman named Jach^ of an obscure
station in life, attached himself to the minister's service and by flattery
and address made himself of much consequence and was advanced to a post
of dignity, and on the death of the minister, was chosen to succeed him.
He basely and dishcmourably carried on an intrigue with the Biji's wife>
which the Biji, notwithstanding its disclosure to him by the ministers
of State, refused to credit. During the Biji's illness, the wicked wretch,
in collusion with this shameless paramour, sent for the generals of the
army separately, on pretence of consulting them and set them apart, and by
seductive promises won over the several enemies of each to accomplish
their death. WTien they were put out of the way and the Biji too bad
breathed his last, he assumed the sovereignty.
' Of the Bai dynasty whose capital
was Alor. The Tuhfat4l Kirdm makes
8iKara8 the son and snooessor of £d%
Dkodijf followed by Rdi adhoii, the
first, second and third of that name.
It was nnder the latter that Ohach rose
to power. The names are differently
given by Postans. The same Persian
work distributes 187 years over the
reigns of these 3 Biis. The accession
of Ohach and the extinction of the
Bii dynasty is placed by Elliot in the
year 10 A. H. Arabs in Sind, pp. 169-
178. See also Ohacknamah. Elliot's
Hist, of India. Vol. I. p. 188.
' So the text, bat a note amends it
" Ohach." The orthography is doubtful.
Two MSS. in the Bibliotheqne Boyale
have Hoj : Beinand spells the name
Tchotch : Benonard leans to Jaj as he
considers it a cormption of Yajnya. De
Sacy favours Hajij. Pottinger writes
Ohach and is followed by all fingh'sh
authors. Elliot, Arabs in Sind, p. 174.
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The parsaers of worldly iafcerests attached themselves to his cause and
he took the Bdni to wife, thns garnering eternal pefdition, bnt he labonred
for the prosperity and increase of his dominions and seized upon Koch
(Ghuiddv&), and Mekrdn.
Daring the Caliphate of Omar (b. u'l) Kha^^ab, Maghirah Abn'l 4^^
advanced by way of Bahrain to Debal, bat the troops there opposed him
and he was killed in the engagement. In the Caliphate of Othman an
intelligent ezplorei'* was sent to ascertain the condition of Sind, and an
army of invasion was ander orders. The messenger, however, reported
that if a large force were sent, supplies would fail, and a small one would
effect nothing and he added many dissuasive representations. The Prince
of the Faithful, Ali, despatched troops that occupied the borders of Debal
but on hearing of the death of the Caliph they withdrew in haste to
Mekrdn. Muawiyah twice despatched an army to Sind and on both occa-
sions many of the troops perished.
Ohach died after a prosperous reign of 40 years, and his youngest son
Ddhir succeeded him on the throne. In the caliphate of Walid. b. Abda'i
Malik, when Hajjdj was governor of Ir&V» he despatched on his own autho-
rity Ma]{;iammad K&sim his cousin and son-iu-law to Sind who fought
Dahir in several engagements.* On Thursday the 10th of Ramaz&n A. H.
99, (17th April 717) the Baj4 was killed in action and the territory of
* See EUiot'B Arabs in Sind, p. 3.
* Hikim. b. Jabala al Abdi was sent
to explore Sejistin and MekrAn and the
oonntries bordering on the Indus valley
by Abdu'Uah 4^mar, a ooosin of the
Ciliph, who had suoceeded Abu Miisa
Ashari in the government of Basra. His
report was as follows : " Water in
that country is of a dark colour, flow-
ing only drop by drop, the fruits are
sour and unwholesome, rocks abound
and the soil is brackish. The thieves
are intrepid warriors, and the bulk of
the population dishonest and treacher-
ous. If the troops sent there are few
in number, they will be exterminated,
if they are numerous, they will perish of
hunger." Ihid. pp. 9 and 10. The
expeditions of AU and Mu&wiyah and the
progress of the Arab conquests in Sind
may be read in the succeeding pages.
Elliot's conclusion that Debal was taken
in A. H. 93 is conflrmed by As 6ay6ti
in the biog^phy of Al Walid, b. Abdu'l
Malik, in which year Kirakh, or Kiraj
as Ibn ul Athir calls it, was also captur-
ed. (See my translation of As Say6ti's
History of the Oaliphs, p. 229.) Elliot
thinks this probably situated in, if not
named from Kachh. I supposed it to be
Karilchi which he identifies with the
ancient Krokala of Arrian, but this does
not alter its possible metathesis among
the Arabs, into Eliraj. The pursuit
of these analogies may be interesting
but the result is conjecture.
* Described in Elphinstone (Ed. 66)
p. 308, and in Brigg's Ferishta, lY, p«
417.
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Tatlah became subject to the invaders. The two daughters of Biji
Dihir, who had been made captive were sent with some valnable presents
to the Caliph. In a sjHrit of revenge, they deceitfully represented to the
Oaliph that Mutiammad J^dsim had dishonom^ them. He therefore ab*
stained from visiting them, and in a fit of fnry gave orders that ]j|[asim
should be stnffed into a raw hide and despatched to his presence. The
ocmimands oi the Gali{^ reached him when he was abont to march against
Hari Chand, king of Kanauj, and he obediently submitted to them. When
be was thus carried to the court, the Caliph exhibited the spectacle to the
two princesses who expressed their gratification in viewing the slayer of
their father in this condition. This decision of the Caliph excites astonish*
ment inasmuch as it was pronounced without deliberate investigation. It
is the duty of just princes not to be swayed by the representation of any one
individual, but to be circumspect in their inquiries, since truth is rare and
falsehood prevalent, and more especially in regard to the recipients of their
fiivour, towards whom the world bums with envy without just cause of
resentment. Against the outwardly plausible and inwardly vicious they
should be particularly on their guard, for many are the wicked and factious
who speciously impose by their affected merit and by their misrepresenta-
tions bring ruin on the innocent.
After Muhammad ^dsim's death, the sovereignty of this country
devolved on the descendants of the Banu Tamim Anyiri.^ They were
succeeded by the 8umrah race who established their rule and were
followed by the Sammas who asserted their descent from Jamshtdy and each
of them assumed the name of Jam, In the reign of Jdm Bdnhatiyah^
I Sereral of this tribe were at varions
perioda sent to Bind. Under the Oali-
pliateof Yasid b. ^bd a'l Malik, Hal&l
a't Tamimi was sent in pnrsnit of the
fiann Mnhallab. About 107 A. H.
Tamim b. Zaid al Vtbi snooeeded Jnnaid
in the government of that province
and died near Debal. Under the
Abbaasidee M&sa b. K^b a't Tamimi,
drove out ICanydr b. Jamhtir the Umay-
yad goyemor. ^bdn'r Baxz&k the first
Ohameyide governor of Sind, aboat
A H. 417, (1026) found the de.
toendants of old Arab aettlers of the
tribes of Thakift, Tamimi, Asad and
many other familief. The length of
the Tamimi ooonpation ia unknown or
disputed, and the obsouritj of the annals
of the time precludes the possibility of
decision.
S Mini according to Ferishta who
says that the expedition of Firds Tngh-
lak took place in 768 A. H. (A. D. 1820)
and was unsuccessful owing to want of
supplies and forage which Mini had out
off by deyastating the country. He re-
tired to Gujarat and after the rains and
on the approach of winter, the second
invasion occurred which led to the sob*
mission of AI4ui.
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Saltan Fir6z Sb&h on three occasions led an army from Delhi against that
prince, and obtcdned some conspicnons successes. On the third occa-
sion, he took him prisoner and carried him to Delhi, leaving Sind nnder
charge of his own officials. Snbseqaently being satisfied with his good
will and capacity he reinstated bim in his goyernment. On the death of
Jdm Tughlak, tbe chamberlain Mubdrak succeeded him throagh the efforts
of a vain and seditious &ction, and was followed by Sikandar the son
of Jdm Fat^ Khdn.
During the reign of Jdm Nandd, Shdh Beg Arghun made a descent
from ^andahdr and took SStoi and leaving the command of it to his
brother Sul^dn MuJ^tammad, returned to ^andahar. The Jam marched a
force against Muhammad who was killed in action. Sh^h Beg made a
second incursion and took possession of Sehwdn and a considerable part of
Sind and leaving his conquests in charge of his own people, withdrew.
In the reign of Jdm Firdz, a relative of his named Salal^u'ddin rose in
rebellion and failing in his attempt, took refuge with Sul(dn Ma^mtid of
Gujardb who received him graciously and assisted him with an army ;
Darya Khan the prime minister of Jam Firdz espoused his cause and the
kingdom of Sind fell under his power without a blow. Subsequently the
said Daryd Khdn determined to restore Jam Fir6z who had withdrawn
into private life, but who thus recovered his kingdom. Saldhu'ddiu a
second time advanced from Gujardt with a force furnished by the Sul^dn
and occupied Sind. Fir6z retired to ^andahdr and Shdh Beg supplied him
with troops, and an engagement took place near Sehwdn in which Saldhu'd-
din and his son were slain. Thus Firdz was again established in his
kingdom. In the year A. H. 929* (A. D. 1522-3) Shdh Beg took possession
of Sind and Jdm Fir6z retired to Gujardt, gave his daughter in marriage
to SuHdn Bahddur and was attached to the Court in the ranks of its nobles.
Sind was now subject to Shah Beg. This prince was the son of Mir Zu'n
Nun Beg, the commander-in-chief of Sul^a Husain Mirzd,^ who received
the government of Kandahdr. He fell fighting bravely against Shaibak
Khdn Uzbek who was engaged in hostilities with the sons of Sul^n Husain
Mirzd. His eldest son succeeded to the government of ICandahdr, a prince
of distinguished valour and versed in the learning of his age. At his
death, his son Shdh Husain ascended the thi*one and wrested Multdn from
Sultan Matmdd. After him Mirzd Isd son of Abdn'l Ali Tarkhdn^ succeed-
1 Ferishta says, 927 A H.
8 See Note 6, p. 220.
S Tarkhdn was originallj a rank among
the Maghala and Turks, bat in the time
of Baber it had come to belong to a
parti cnlar family. The ancient Tarkhin
was exempt from all duties and conld
enter the royal presence without asking
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ed, followed by Mul^ammad Payandah^ bat this prince being sabject to fiti
of menial estrangement, did not personally administer the government.
Mirzi J6ni Beg, his son assumed the direction of affairs till His Majesty's
victorious troops advanced into the country and reduced it to order, and
Mirza Jdui Beg was enrolled in the ranks of his nobility.
Suhaho/Kdhul
It is situated in the third and fonrth climates, and comprises Kashmir^
Pahli, Bimhar, Stvdt, Bajaur^ Kandahdr and Zdbulistdn, Its capital was
formerly Ghaznah^ but now Kabul.
Sarkdr of Kashmir,
It lies in the third and fourth climates. Its length from famhar Ver
to KUhan Oanga is 120 Icds, and its breadth from 10 to 25 kSs. On the
east are Paristdn and the river Chendb : on the south-east Bdnihdl and the
Jammu mountains : on the north-east, Great Tibet : on the west, Pakli
and the Kishen Ganga river : on the soath-west, the Gkkkkhar country : on
the north-west. Little Tibet. It is encompassed on all sides by the
Himalayan ranges. Twenty. six different roads lead into Hindustdn but
those by Bhimhhar^ and Pahli are the best and are generally practicable on
horseback. The first mentioned is the nearest and it has several routes of
which three are good, viz., (1) Uasli Bhanp which was the former route for
loaTO and was to be pardoned nine
times be the fanlt what it woald. He
had perfect liberty of speech and might
say what he pleased before royalty.
The name constantly ocoars in the
early portion of Baber's Memoirs.
1 He has omitted the succession of
Ho^ammad Bal^i son of Is^ Tarkb&n to
whom Eerishta gives a prosperoas reign
of 18 years. The genealogical tree of
Mirsi Jini Beg and the subsequent
history of this family will be found at
pp. 861-2, Vol. I of this work. Ferishta
altogether omits Mu^mmad Payandah
and g^ves the succession to Jdni Beg
immediately after Mu^mmad Bi^i.
> The spelling is that of the text and
varies from the same name given a
lilUe above. According to Cunningham,
the name of '* Bhimbhar " was little used,
the common appellation being Chibhdn
which is found in Sharfu'ddin's History
of Timtir under the form of Jibh&l.
8 The text has " Hasti Watar," but
the present Governor of Jammu, Pandit
Radha Kishan Kaul, with whom it has
been my good fortune to be placed
in communication, and whose courtesy
adds a grace to his learning, has proved
its inaccuracy and has suggested the
emendation. Tho name with its deriva-
tion occurs later on and will be noticed
in its place. The three different routes
into Kashmir arc thus described by the
Pandit.
The first runs almost in a straight
line passing through Nowsherah, Rajori,
the Fir Panj&l pass and Shopiyon. The
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the march of troops ; (2) Pir Fanjdl} which His Majesty has thrice traverf*
ed on his waj to the rose garden of Kashmir. If on these hills an ox or a
horse be killed, storm clouds and wind arise with a fall of snow and rain ;
(3) Tangtalah.
The country is enchanting, and might be fittingly called a garden of
perpetual spring surrounding a citadel terraced to the skies, and deserredlj
appropriate to be either the delight of the worldling or the retired abode
of the recluse. Its streams are sweet to the taste, its water&dl» music to
the ear, and its climate is invigorating. The rain and snowfall are similar
to that of Turkest^ and Persia and its periodical rains occur at the same
season as in Hindust&n. The lands are artificially watered* or dependent
second deviating ftom Bajori mna to
the Fiinoli river and on to Piinoh and
oroflsing the Hdji Pir, joins the l(nrree
road near Uri. The third, parting ftngxk
Samani Sarai, passes through Kotli and
Sera to Piinch and nnites with the
second. The route by Bhnpiyon is the
Pir Panj&l. The second is Tangtalah
which name, however, is no longer known
and is probably a misscript. The third
is believed hy the Pandit to be the
Hasti Bhanj, for it is the only one by
which elephants can travel, and to this
day elephants from Jamma must be sent
bj Kotli to P6noh and across H&ji Pir
to Uri. Cf. Yigne's Kashmir and Ladik,
I. 147 in which 20 passes into Kashmir
are mentioned and described.
1 Panchal in most of the MSS. which
Gnnningham asserts is the pronunciation
of the Punj&bis, and Pantsil of the
Kashmiris, p. 12d. The superstition
regarding the tempest 6t wind and snow
and rain, appears to be connected with
that of the Yedeh or rain- stone frequently
alluded to by Baber, the history of which
is given by lyHerbelot. It is of Tartar
origin and the virtues of the stone are
celebrated in Tarkand and attested by
authorities who have never vritnessed
them. It is said to be found in the head
of a horse or a cow, and if steeped in blood
of an animal with certain oeremonies, a
wind arises followed by snow and nun.
See the introduction to Baber's memdrs
by Brskine, p. xlviL The word Pir,
according to Drew (Jommoo and
Kashmir) has come to be used more or
less generally in Kashmir for "pass,"
protiably from the "pir" or ttSkix who
often sitablished himself upon it to
maintain oraoquire the reputation of
sanctity. Pir Pan j4l has oome to mean
the pass of the Great Eange, Panjil
being applied to a great nurantain ridge.
There was once VkfakCr who lived cat it
and bore the title of *'p6^," Bemier who
crossed in Aurangzeb^s time mentions a
hermit on the pass who had lived there
since the reign of Jahangir. The creed
he professed was not known, but his
powers were said to be miraculous and
the elements were nnder his control,
rain, hail, storm and wind rising or
ceasing at his bidding. He demanded
alms in a tone of authority, and forbade
any noise being made lest a tempeit
should be the consequence, an ezpeiienee
which Jahingir incurred to his extreme
peril through disobedience of this in-
junction. Voyages, II, 290.
S The terms are Abi, Zalmi. The
first signifies in the N.-W. P., land
watered from ponds, tanks, lakes and
watercourses, in distinction to thai
watered from wells, and as being liable
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on rain for irrigation. The flowers are enchanting fill the heart with delight*
YioletS) the red rose and wild nai'cissos cover the plains. To enumerate its
flora would be impossible. Its spring and autumn are extremely beautiful.
The houses are all of wood and are of four stories and some of more, but it is
not the custom U> enclose them. Tulips^ are grown on the roofs which pre-
sent a lovely sight in the spring time. Cattle and sundry stores are kept in
Uie lower storey, the second contains the family apartments, and in the third
and fourth are the household chattels. On account of the abundance of
wood and the constant earthquakes, houses of stone and brick are not
built, but the ancient temples inspire astonishment. At the present day
many of them are in luins. Woollen fabrics are made in high perfection,
especially shawls which are sent as valuable gifts to every clime. But
the bane of this country is its people* yet strange to say, notwiih*
standing its numerous population and the scantiness of the means of
subsistence, thieving and begging are rare. Besides plums and mulberries,
the fruits are numerous. Melons, apples, peaches, apricots are excellent.
Although grapes are in plenty, the finer qualities are rare and the
vines bear on mulberry trees. The mulberry is little eaten, its leaves being
reserved for the silkworm. The eggs are brought from Oilgit and Little
to fail in the hot aeason, is assessed at a
lower rate. The second is a Poshtii
word (Baverty) and means growiog
■pontaneonslj and applied to crops
wholly dependent on rain for irrigation
or spring crops. The next term ChaU
hhai in the text I have ventnred to
amend as iJf^ which oconrs in a MS.
helonging to the Governor of Jammn.
ThoQi^h a variant ic^^ ™^y Btand
for Jidkh4^a sigpufying parched land
that has absorbed its moisture, yet the
absence of a conjoneiion between it and
Lalmi evidences a disoomection in the
■entence. Another variant ^UJja.
sapports this view bnt the reading of
the Jamma MS. is the best and fitting-
ly precedes the sentence that follows.
1 Dr. King takes this to be probably
the FritiUaria Imperialiaf though there
is nothing against the plant being a real
tnlip, The 7. stellatcF^ iu common in
many parts of the N. W. Himalayas, so
common as to be a tronblesome weed
in the fields. The European tulip is
only one of a large genus and is not
likely to be the plant referred to. Moor-
croft says that the roofs are formed of
layers of birch bark covered by a coating
of earth in which seeds dropped by birds
or wafted by the wind have vegetated
and they are constantly overrun with
grass and flowers.
S All travellers from Hwen Thsang
downwards concur in this opinion, but
Moorcroft almost alone has realised that
the vices of the Kashmirian are due to
the effects of his politioU condition rather
than his nature^ and that the transforma-
tion of his character is possible to a
better government and a purer faith.
Mendicancy has lacgely developed since
Abul Fazl's day.
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Tibet, in the former of which they are procnred in greater abundance
and are more choice. The food of the people ia chiefly rice, wine,
fish and yarioas vegetables, and the last mentioned they dry and preserve.
Bice is cooked and kept over night to be eaten. Though shdli rioe is
plentiful, the finest quality is not obtainable. Wheat is small in grain and
black in colour, and there is little of it, and^ little consumed. Gram'
and barley are nowhere found. They have a species of sheep^ which they
call Hdndu delicate and sweet in flavour and wholesome. Apparel is
generally of wool, a coat of which will last for some years. The horses
are small, strong, and traverse difficult ground. There are neither ele-
phants nor camels. The cows are black and ill-shaped, but give excellent
milk and butter. There are artificers of various kinds who might be
deservedly employed in the greatest cities. The bazdr system is little
in use, as a brisk traffic is carried on at their own places of business.
Snakes, scorpions and other venomoas reptiles are not found in the cities.
There is a mountain called Mahddeva and in any spot whence its summit can
I Gladwin and the S. nl M. have here
' ma'ng/ the palse, Thaseolus munjo,
8 The chick-pea, Cicer arietinum.
8 Here follow two words, ^^ iS
" like the KadV A marginal gloss to
two MSS. defines these words as re-
sembling in size and statnre the female
of the * kharmi,* Another gloss ex-
plaining * kharmi * is unhappily wanting.
According to Cnnningham (Ladak, p.
210) the Ladaki sheep are of two kinds,
the tall black-faced Huniya nsed chief-
ly for carrying bnrdens and the pretty
diminativ^e sheep of Purtfc nsed only for
food. The common sheep is the Huniya
which with the exception of the Turik
breed is almost the only kind of sheep
to be found throughout Tibet. It is
much larger than any of the Indian
breeds, the height averaging from 27 to
30 inches. Nearly the whole of the
traffic is transported on these sheep
which are food, clothing and carriage
and are the principal wealth of the
country. Drew ( Jummoo and Kashmir
p. 288j gives the average weight carried
by them at from 24 to 32 lbs. The
Purik sheep when full g^rown is not
larger than a south-down lamb of 5 or
6 months^ and is said by Moorcroft to
equal in the fineness and weight of its
fleeoe and fiavour of its mutton any race
hitherto discovered. The oxen are the
y^k or chauri- tailed bull and the yak
cow, Brimo or Dimo, and their prodnce
with the common cattle. The yak is
kept chiefly for loads, being generally
too intractable for the plongh. The cow
is kept only for milk. The most valu-
able hybrids are the Dso bull and Dtotno
cow, the produce of the male yik and
common cow. Other hybrids are the
Dtepo or Drelpo, the male produce be-
tween the common bull and the Dsoim
and the Dremo or female. The Governor
of Jammu whose considerable attain-
ments are always at the service of those
who seek his aid, informs me that
Handu is a pure Kashmiri word and
sigpiifies an ordinary domestic rani,
generally well fed and taken care of for
the purposes of fighting or sacrifice.
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be seen, no snake exists, bnt fleas,^ lice, gnats and flies are very common*
From the general use of pellet-bows which are fitted with bow-strings,
sparrows are very scarce. The people take their pleasure in skiffs apon
the lakes, and their hawks strike the wild-fowl in mid-air and bring them
to the boats, and sometimes they hold them down in the water in their
talons, and stand on them, presenting an exciting spectacle.
Stags and partridges likewise afford sport and the leopard too is
tracked. The carriage of goods is effected by boat, bat men also carry
great loads oyer the most difficult country. Boatmen and carpenters
drive a thriving trade. The Brahman class is very numerous.
Although Kashmir has a dialect^ of its own, their learned books are
in the Sanskrit language. They have a separate character which they use
for manuscript work, and they write chiefly on Tuz which is the bark of a
tree,^ worked into sheets with some rude art and which keeps for years.
All their ancient documents are written on this. Their ink is so prepared
as to be indelible by washing. Although, in ancient times, the learning
of the Hindds was in vogue, at the present day, various sciences are studied
and their knowledge is of a more general character. Their astrological
1 The text has ^ for ^
S The languages of Kashmir are dirid-
ed into 13 sepcurate dialects. Of these
Dogri and Ghibali which do not differ
maoh frou) Hindustani and Panj&bi are
spoken on the hills and the Pdnoh and
Jammn country. Kashmiri is mostly
used in Kashmir proper and is corionsly
and closely related to Sanskrit. Fire
dialects are included in the term Fahdri :
two are Tibetan spoken in Baltiatdn,
Ladakh and Champas) and three or four
varieties of the Dard dialects of Aryan
origin in the North -West. The thirteen
dialects are enumerated and discussed
by Drew (Jummoo and Kashmir) and a
Language map defines the groups that
are mutually incomprehensible, classify-
ing the dialects under five languages.
Cunningham says that the Devanagari
alphabet of India was introduced into
Tibet from Kashmir in the first half of
the 7th century of our era. Thumi
Sambhota was the first who taught the
Tibetans the use of the Kashmirian
characters which remain unchanged to
this day. Ladik, p. 5.
" Tim in the Burh^ i 1f.i\\ is said to
be the bark of a tree used to wrap round
saddles and bows. According to Dozy»
Ibn Bait^ makes it synonymous with
*^^) jl^> the white poplar, a meaning
confirmed by Hamza Ispahdni who calls
it the «J!]<x^, a name of similar import.
Dr. King identifies it with the well-
known birch, Betula Bhojpattra, Wall.
Bhojpattra he states is the current ver-
nacular name, but in the N. W Himalayas
it is known in yarious localities as
Barj, Burzal, Sh^ &c. Its bark splits
into very thin layers and is largely used
even now for writing upon, and many of
the oldest Sanskrit MSS. are written
on it. It is also used nowadays, to make
umbrellas, for wrapping up parcels and
to roll up as tubes for flexible hookah-
stems. The etymology of Tun is not
dear.
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art and astronomy are after the manner of the Hindus. The majority of
the narrow-minded oonservatives of blind tradition are Sunnis, and there are
some Imdmii and Nur Bakshisy^ all perpetually at strife with each other.
These are chiefly from Persia and Tnrkestdn. Their musicians are exceeding
many and all equally monotonous, and with each note they seem to dig
^ Ab the aoooant of thia sect in
Ferishta has been almost entirely passed
oyer bj Briggs in his translation, the
omission may be here made good and
will serve the doable porpose of supple-
menting his version and elucidating the
present text. With the following note
may be compared a monograph on the
Boshaniyah sect by Dr. Leyden in the
Xlth Vol. Asiatic Researohes.
Mini Haidar (Doghlit) in his work
the Satab i Bashidi says that formerly
all the inhabitants of Kashmir were of
the 9anifL sect. In the time of Fatb
Shiih, a man named Shamsu'ddfn came
from Iri^ and declared himself to be a
follower of Mir Mu^mmad Ndr Baksh.
He introduced a new form of religion
which he called Niirbakshi and promul-
gated various heretic and impious
opinions and circulated among the repro-
bate a book of theology named Uhiktah
which accords neither with the Sunni or
Bhi^ belief. And the followers of this
sect, like heretics, consider it their duty
to revile and abuse the three Oaliphs and
Ayesha, but unlike the Shi^hs, they re-
gard Amir Sayyid Muhammad N^ Baksh
as the Mahdi and Apostle of his time,
and they do not believe as the Shi^hs do
in saints and holy persons, but consider
them to be Sunnis. He thus introduced
innovations in religious worship as well
as in worldly transactions, and styled his
creed N^bakshi. Mirzi Haidar adds, ' I
have seen many elders of this sect in
Badaksh&n who have shared in my
literary and scientific pursuits. They
all outwardly observe the various religi-
ous obligations and follow the instmo*
tions of the Prophet, and their belief is
in conformity with that of the Sunnis.
One of the sons of Amir Sayyid Md.
Ndr Baksh showed me his work. Thers
was a striking passage in it which runs
thus: "Kings and the rich and the
ignorant are of opinion that worldly
power cannot be combined with piety and
purity of heart in any one person. This
idea is altogether false, for the great
prophets and apostles, notwithstanding
their divine legation ruled kingdoms
and strove likewise for purity of heart,
such as Joseph, Solomon, David, Moses
and our Prophet." This opinion is
opposed to the belief of the Ndrbakahi
sect but is in accord with that of the
Sunnis. I sent the theological work
UMUah which was well known in those
days in Kashmir to the learned men of
India. Their judgment on it was as
follows : ' 0 Gk>d, show unto ns the truth
in its reality and the false wherein it is
void, and show unto us things as they
verily are.' After a sfcudions and oarefol
consideration of this work, it appears to
ns that its author believes in a false
religion, has forsaken the divine com-
mands and prohibitions and has ezdnded
himself from the congregation of the
Sunnis. In his pretension that God
hath commanded him to do away witk
all differences, firstly, in the develop-
ments of the religious teaching of Islam
that have arisen among the followers of
the Prophet and to restore it to the
form it held in his time without addition
or diminution^ and secondly, in its fimda*
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iheir nails into jour liver. The most respectable class in this country is
that of the BdLhmans, who notwithstanding their need of freedom from
the bonds of tradition and custom, are true worshippers of God.
They do not loosen the tongue of calumny against those not of their
faith, nor beg nor importune. They employ themselves in planting fruit
trees, and are geaerally a source of benefit to the people. They abstain
menial prisoiples among the secta and
among all peoples with certainty of
belief, he is false and inclined to the
doctrine of heretics and perverts. It is
the religions duty of those who have the
power, to destroy this book and efface it
from the earth, and to extirpate this
religion, root and branch) and to prohibit
p^ersons from following it and acting
according to its dog^nas. And if they
persist in their belief and abandon not
their false creed, it is necessary for the
secuity of the Mnslims from their ill
example, to chastise and even slay them.
But if thej abandon it and repent of
their past condact, thej should be
directed to follow the teaching of Abu
Qanifa to whom onr Prophet alladed in
his saying, * Lamp of my followers.*
When this declaration reached me, I
compelled many men of Kashmir who
were much disposed to this heresy, to
accept willingly or otherwise the trne
religion (and I pnt others to death.
Borne of these men saved themselves by
adopting mystic doctrines and called
themselves Sufis. In reality they are
not sincere S^s, but are a sprinkling
of heretics and atheists who lead men
astray, do not know what is lawful or
unlawful, consider night watching and
abstinence in food, acts of piety and
purity, eat whatever is put before them,
ire avaricious and greedy to an extreme ;
sedulously employ themselves in the
interpretation of dreams, fortune-telling
ftAd disclosing events, past and future ;
ptostrate themselves before one another,
45
and together with siich disgraceful acts,
observe the forty days of retirement ;
are averse from the pursuits of the
learned, walk proudly in the way of
interior holiness, omitting the obser-
vance of religious forms and ceremonies,
and maintain that the former is indepen-
dent of the latter. In short, such here*
tics and atheists are not to be found
elsewhere in the world. May God pre-
serve us, and take the people of Islam
Under His protection, and sare them
from such calamities and misfortunes in
the name of Muhammad and his descen-
dants." Before these people, there lived
in Kashmir a sect of Sun-worshippers
who were called Shamm&ssin. Their
creed was that the sun's light owed its
existence to their purity of faith, and
that they themselves existed through
the light of the sun, and that if they
rendered their faith impure, the sua
would cease to be. On the other hand
if the sun ceased to shine they would
not live ; thus they owed their existence
to the sun and without them it could
not endure. When the sun is present,
that is in the day-time they ore bound to
act virtuously, as he sees their actions,
but when it is night and the sun neither
sees them nor has knowledge of what
they do, their moral responsibility for
their deeds ceases. This sect called
themselves " Sharasu'ddin (Sun of Reli-
gion) pretending to receive the delivery
of the title from heaven. The Kashmiris
abbreviated it into Shammdsi.''
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from flesh-meat and do not marry. There are ahont two thousand of thii
class.
The Toldh^ in this oonntry ia 16 mouihasy each mcuhd being equal to
6 surJchs. The gold mohnr weighs 16 ddnis, each ddni equalling 6 mrhhs^
being 4 surkks more than the ordinary mohnrs of Delhi. Bop Sitwd^ is a
silver coin of 9 mdshas. The panchhu is of copper, eqnal to the fourth of
a dam and is called kasSrah, One-foarth of this is the hahgagnij of
which again one-fourth ia called shakri.
4 kasirahs^l rdhat.
40 kasSrahs^l sdsnti
1^ sdmu 3sl sikkah,
100 sikkahs =1 lakh which, according to the imperial estimate, is
equal to one thousand ddmg.
The whole country is regarded as holy ground by the Hind^ sages.
Forty-five shrines are dedicated to Mahadeva, sixty-four to Vishnu, three to
Brahma, and twenty -two to JDurga, In seveu hundred places there are
graven images of snakes which they worship and regarding which wonder^
f ul legends are told.^
i Cf. Vol. I, p. 16, n. 86, and 87.
The Surkh is the oommon red and
blaok bead, Abras freaatoriuSf and if equal
to a Rati in weight. For Ddni^ the S.
nl M. has D6nak O^^^ the Arabioised
form of D&ng (»-^l«^) probably the
correct reading as it certainly is almost
the corresponding weight, 6 aurkha being
equal to a mdsha with the Kashmfris,
and 8 in India. Bnt every denominati(Hi
of weight has local yariations. At p.
32, Vol. I, the weights of two current
mohnrs of pure gold are g^ven, vi%., L&l i
Jalili-1 tola y «urA;?w -97i surhha.
The other » 11 mdahas - 88 do.
The Kashmiri
mohur « 16 ddni or \
ddndka > » 96 aurkhs.
1D-6S )
The 96 ratia or aurkha in a tolah
exactly represent the 96 carat grains in
the gold assay pound.
S The faultiness of the text has been
oorreted by the learning of the Gover-
nor of Jammu who tells me that " rop"
signifies silver, and " sis " a thousand,
in Kashmiri. In tormer times ordinary
money transactions were conducted in
Kashmir by means of copper coins, for
the great majority of payments were
made in grain which has always been
abundant there^ bnt from its monc^wly
by the State, difficult to obtain. One
copper coin was called a hundred, and
two colors two hundred, and so on. A
thousand, represented 10 coppers which
was probably the only silver coin of
early times. Its valoe now would be
about 2} annas, but as Abul Fail gives
its weight as 9 mdahua, its value would
then have been about 10 annas. This
coin is now unknown. The text has
panchuhu and hdrahkdni.
ft Serpent- worship, according to Genl.
Cunningham, has been the prevailing
religion in Kashmir from time immemo-
rial. The reigning sovereign who at the
time of Hwen Thsang's arrival in Kash-
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Srinagar is the capital and is 4 farsaths in length. The rivers
Bihaty Mdr^ and Laehmahhul^ flow through it. The last-mentioned runs
oooasionallj dry : the second, at times, becomes so shallow that boats can-
not pass. This has been a flourishing city from ancient times* and the
home of artificers of varions kinds. Beantifnl shawls are woven, and they
mannfactnre woollen stnffs^ extremely soft. Durmah, paffu and other
woollen materials are prepared bat the best are brought from Tibet. Mir
Sayyid Alt Hamaddni* resided for some time in this city, and a monastery
founded by him still preserves his memory. To the east is a high hill
known as the Koh % Sttlaimdn^ and adjoining the city are two large lakes
always full of water, and it is remarkable that their water vrill not de-
teriorate in good savour and wholesomeness for any length of time pro-
vided that their free exit is undisturbed*
Near the town of Brang is a long defile in which is a pool seven yards
square and as deep as a man's stature. It is regarded as a place of great
sanctity. Strange to say it is dry during eleven months, but in the Divine
month of TJrdi-bihisht (April), water bubbles forth from two springs.
mlr in A. D. 631, was Dnrlabha, is said
to have been the son of a Niiga or
Dragon, and the dynasty he foonded is
oalled the N£ga or Karkola. Ancient
Geography of India, p. 92.
1 The Jhelam, which nearly intersects
the valley is formed, says the I. G., by
the junction of three streams, the Arpat,
Bring and Sandaram, and receives in
its course namerons tributaries. It men-
tions the TsoHt i Kul, or apple-tree canal
connecting the Dal or city lake, with
the Jhelum which it enters opposite
the palace and the Nalli Mdr which flows
into the Bind near Shidipdr connecting
the Auehar with the Dal, The Dud-
gangs, a stream of good volume joins
the river on the left bank at the city of
Brinagar.
t Srinagari, the old capital, prior to the
erection of Pravarasenapura is stated in
the Baja TarangirU to have been founded
by AK>ka, who reigned between B. 0.
188 — 866. It stood on the site of the
imsent Pandrethin, and is said to have
extended along the bank of the river
from the foot of the Takt i Sulaimdn to
Pdntasok, a distance of more than three
miles.
» The word istP^^, the same word
as at page 110 of the text, with a differ-
ent in the final t, translated. Vol. I, p. 96.
"Scarlet broad-doth." In Wilson's
Glossary, it is translated woollen or
broad-cloth, derived apparently from the
English 'scarlet.' For Durmah and
FaU4, see Vol. I, p. 95.
* This monastery is built entirely of
wood. Pandit Badba Kishan, Governor of
Jammu tells me that it is still extant and
known as the Kh&nl^&h i Muiilla, on the
right bank of the Bihat above Zenu
Kadal the fourth bridge of the town of
Srinagar. An illustration of it will be
found in the title page of Drew's Jammu
and Kashmir, where it is called the
mosque of Shih Hamad^n. His story is
griven in Vigne II. 82 and in Hiigel's
Travels, p. 117.
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First in one comer of it is a cavitj like a mortar called Sendh hrdri :
when this becomes full, the spring rises in another, comer called Sai
rishi. From these two sources the pool runs over. Sometimes it boils np
for three hours, and at times for only a second. Then it begins to decrease
till not a drop remains. At threo periods of the daj, viz.^ morning, noon
and evening, this rise occurs. Various flowers are thrown in as offerings
to either spring, and after the reflux of the water, the flowers of each
Totarj are found in their respectiye springs.^
But this, like the divining cup is a contrivance of the ancients to se*
cure the devotion of the simple.
In this vicinity also is a spring, which during six months is dry. On
a stated day, the peasants flock to worship and make appropriatory offer-
ings of a sheep or a goat. Water then flows forth and irrigates the cultiva-
tion of five villages. If the flush is in excess, they resort to the same
supplications, and the stream subsides of its own accord. There is also
another spring called Kokar Ndg^ the water of which is limpid, cold and
wholesome. Should a hungry person drink of it, his hunger will be ap-
peased,* and its satisfaction in turn renews appetite. At a little distance,
in the midst of a beautiful temple, seven fountains excite the wonderment
of the beholder. In the summer time self-immolating ascetics here heap ap
a large fire around themselves, and with the utmost fortitude suffer them-
selves to be burnt to ashes. This they consider a means of union with the
Deity. There is also a spring which produces touchstone, and to the
north of it a lofty hill which contains an iron mine.
The village of Vej Brdra, one of the dependencies of rneh is a place
of great sanctity. It was formerly a large city* and contained wonderfol
1 Tieffenthaler ascribes the oanse of
the phenomenon to the meltmg of the
mountain snows under the inflaence
of the san which descending along
hollows or by snbterranean passages
reach this cavern and boil np within
it. The later ebnllitions he conceives,
are dne either to the shade of the trees
or the declining force of the sun on
the snows. Bemier's opinion is some-
what the same. Voyages, II, 293.
S Yigne (I. 889) on the contrary bears
testimony to its being provocative of
appetite. The spring, situated aboat
2| miles from the iron works at Sof
Ahan, forms a stream eqaal in volume
to that of Yemag and f ar snperior in
the quality of its water.
* The principal ancient cities of
Kashmir are the old capital of Srinagari
and the new, Pravaraaenapdra which was
lost in the former name : Ehagendra-
pura and Khanamusha, identified with
KiUcapur on the left bank of the Bihat,
ten miles to the south of the Takht
i Sulaimlin, and Khnnamoh, four miles
north-east of Pdrapnr: Tijipara and
Pantasdk. The former twenty -five miles
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temples. In the vicinitj is an upland meadow called Nandimargy of which
I know not whether most to praise its level sweep of mead, the loveliness
of its verdure and flowers, or the bountiful virtues of its streams and its
air. In the village of Pampur one of the dependencies of Vihi, there are
fields of saffron to the extent of ten or twelve thousand bighasy a sight that
would enchant the most fastidious. At the close of the month of March
and during all April, which is the season of cultivation,^ the land is plough-
ed up and rendered soft, and each portion is prepared with the spade for
planting, and the saffron bulbs are hard in the ground. In a month's time
they sprout and at the close of September, it is at its full growth,
shooting up somewhat over a span. The stalk is white, and when it has
sprouted to the height of a finger, it begins to flower one bud after
another in succession till there are eight flowers in bloom. It has six
lilac-tinted petals. IJsuallj among six' filaments, three are yellow and three
mddj. The last three yield the saffron. When the flowers are over, leaves
appear upon the stalk. Once planted it will flower for six years in succession.
aonfch-east of the oapital : the latter throe
milee from the Takht i Snlaimin ; Sara-
pnra the modem Sopnr, mentioned in the
Kashmir chronicloB as Kambuya: E^nish-
kap^ira, oormpted to Eirnpnr : Hnshka-
para probably Baramnla: Joshkapiira
now Zakra or Zakar four miles north of
the capital : Parihasapfiraboilt by Lalita*
ditya (A. D. 723—760} : Sadmapora, now
Pampor: and Avanlipdra, now only a
small village, Wantipnr, seventeen miles
south-east of the present oapital. Can-
ningham, pp. 95, 108. The text has
Panjbr^rah, Yig^e, and Moororoft Bij
Beara, I follow the spelling of the
Governor of Jammn.
1 See Vol. I, p. 84 where the method
of cultivation of this plant is explained
somewhat differently, and the Wdlqdt i
Jahlngiri, in Elliot's Hist. India, Yl, 375.
S I am indebted to Dr. King for the
following note :
" There are three stamens and three
stigmas in each flower. The latter
jield the saffron. The style divides at
the level of the anthers into three yellow
drooping branches which hang out of
the flower and become gradoally thicken-
ed and tabular upward, stigmas dilated,
notched and often split down one side,
dark orange coloured. The mode of
collection and preparation of safiFron
varies in different countries, but it con-
sists essentially in removing the stigmas
with the upper part of the style from
the other parts of the flower and after-
wards drying the parts detached. A
not uncommon adulteration of saffron is
made by intermixing the dyed stamens
of the saffron crocus. It takes from
7000 to 8000 flowers to yield 17} ounces
of fresh saffron which by drying is re-
duced to 8|." Medicinal Plants. Bentley
and Trimen, IV, 274. In the Wa^jit
i Jehangiri, it is asserted that in an ordi-
nary year, 400 maunds or 3,200 Khora-
s&ni maunds are produced. Half belongs
to Government, half to the cultivators
and a sir sells for about 10 Bs. A note
states that one good grain of saffron
contains the stigmata and styles of 9
flowers i hence 4,329 flowers yield one oz.
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The first year, the yield is small : in the second as 30 to 10. In the third
year it reaches its highest point and the balbs are dug up. If left in the
same soil, they gradually deteriorate, but if taken up they may be profit-
ably transplanted.
In the village of ZdMoan are a spring and a reservoir which are con-
sidered sacred, and it is thought that the safEron seed came from this
spring. When the cultivation begins, they worship at this fount and poor
cow's milk into it. If as it &tlls it sinks into the water, it is accounted a
good omen and the saffron crop will be plentiful, but if it floats on the sur-
face, it will be otherwise.
In the village of E%r%u 360 springs refresh the eye and each of these
is accounted a means of divine worship. Near this is an iron mine.
Maru Adwin adjoins Qreat Tibet where the Handu is found of the
best breed and large in size, and carries heavy burdens. Near this is a hill
called Ohatar Kot on the summit of which snakes are so numerous that no
one can approach it. There is also a high hill difficult of ascent, on which^
is a large lake. It is not every one that can find his way to it, for it often
disappears from sight. At the foot of the mountain in different places
images of MaMdeva fashioned of a stone like crystal are found and are a
source of wonder.
In the neighbourhood of Achh Dal, one of the dependencies of
Khatt<^r is a fountain which shoots up to the height of a cubit, and is
scarce equalled for its coldness, limpidity and refreshing qualiUes. The
sick that drink of it and persevere in a course of its waters, recover their
health.
In the village of KoHhdr^ is a deep spring, surrounded by stone tem-
ples. When its water decreases, an image of Mahddeva in sandal-wood
appears. The quality of this spring does not alter.
In the vicinity of Wular is a lofty mountain, containing a salt spring.
The Kashmir stag^ is here found in numbers.
Matan* stands upon a hill and once possessed a large temple. There
i I conceive the text would be amend-
ed by a different punctuation, via,,
^y^ 3^ji 'hi )^^^. This retains the
reading and the sense, which the text
confuses. The name above is Mam
Wurdwfin according to Vigne.
S Kotih&ris a perg^ah according to
Vigne and produces the beet silk in
Kashmir.
8 The Bard Singha or' Kashmir stag.
{Cervua Cashmerianus), It is known
in Kashmir as the Hanglu, and Vigne de-
scribes it aa most numerous in Dachhin-
p4rah.
4 This name is retained by Hiigel
(Travels, p. 135), through apparently not
familiar to Vigne (I, 381), who gives it
the bettor known appellation of Mar*
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is a small pool on tlie Bammii, the water of wbich never decreases. Some
suppose this to be the Well of Babylon^ but at the present day there is no
traoe of anything but an ordinary pit.
On the slope of the hill is a spring, at the head of whioh a reservoir
has been constmcted, fall of fish. The sanctity of the place preserves
tbem from being touched. By the side of it is a cave, the depth of which
cannot be ascertained.
In Khdfwarpdrah is a source, whose waters tumble headlong with a
mighty roar.
In the village of Aisk^ is the cell of Bdh& Zainu^ddin Bishi, It is in
the tide of a hill. It is said that in ancient times the hill held no water,
but when he took up his abode there, a spring began to flow. For twelve
years he occupied this cell and at length oloeed its mouth with a large
stone and never went forth again, and none has ever found trace of him.
The town of Dachchhinpdrak^ is on the side of a mountain bordering
tand, Bitaated on the highest part of the
KtrBwah or raised plain between IsUm^-
bad and the higher mountains. The
temple is described by Hugel as
** Koran Pandau/' the beautiful ruins
of which are the finest in Kashmir.
Tigne inrerts the order as Pandu Koru.
At J 50 yards distance as the Oh&h i
Balul or well of HArdt and Mar6t whose
story does not need repetition. The
spring referred to in the following para-
graph is that of Bawan, one of the holiest
in Kashmir, swarming, says Yigne, (I,
859) with Himalayan trout. Hiigel gives
the legend of the oayes one of whioh he
was assured extended 10 k<Ss, and that no
one who ever entered, had been known
to return. He penetrated to the end of
it in a few minutes. Hatan is the name
of the Karmomh at the end of which,
aooording to Moororoft, the Martand
temple stands (II, 255) ascribed like
most of the architectural remains to the
Pindns.
* The Tillage of Aish Ma^6m or the
abode of pleasure, holds in a long
building situated conspicuously on the
left bank ol the Lidar, the shrine of
the saint. He directed that a tomb
should be erected where his stnff should
be found, as his body would disappear.
It is stai missing. Bee Vigne, II, 6.
The text has Ash with a variant Aish,
* With reference to this name and
that of Khdwarpdrah Cunningham in-
stances an effect on the nomenclature of
the points of the compass caused by
difference of creed. By the Hindu who
worships the sun, the cardinal points are
named with reference to the East, as
para, the * front * or earth, to whioh he
turns in his daily morning worship ;
apara, * behind* or the West, Vdma, the
•left' hand or North, And dakahina, the
'right' hand or the South. By the
Mul^ammadan who turns to the West or
Mecca, these terms are reversed, and
* Dachin * which still means the * right '
hand in Kashmiri, is now used to denote
the North and Kdwar on the * left ' to
denote the South Thus on the Lidar,
there is the subdivision of Dachinpdra
to the west of the stream, and Kdwar-
pdra to the south. On the Behat river
also, below Bardhmulaf the subdivision
of Dachin lies to the north, and that of
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Oreat Tibet and is fed by the waters of the above-mentioned spring.
Between Oreat Tibet and the above-mentioned parganah is a cave in which
is an image in ice called Amar Nat, It is considered a shrine of great
sanctity. When the new moon rises from her throne of rajs, a babble as
it were of ice is formed in the cave which daily increases little by little
for fifteen days till it is somewhat higher than two yards, of the measure of
the yard determined by His Majesty ; with the waning moon, the image
likewise begins to decrease, till no trace of it remains when the moon disap-
pears. They believe it to be the image of Mahddeoa and regard it as a means
(throngh supplication) of the fulfilment of their desires. Near the cave
is a rill called Amrdoti, the clay of which is extremely white. They account
it auspicious and smear themselves with it. The snows of this mountain-
ous tract nowhere melt, and from the extreme cold, the straitness of the
defiles and the rough inequalities of the road, they are surmounted with
great toil.
In the village of DakMrnAn is a spring, and whenever its water boils
up and becomes turbid its sur^e is covered with particles of straw and
rubbish, the dust of dissension arises in the country. A quarry of Solo^
men's stone^ is in the vicinity of which utensils are &,shioned.
About the pargatuih of Phdk grow a variety of herbs and plants. Ad-
joining is a large lake called Dal, One side of it is contiguous to the city
and on its surface a number of floating islands* are constructed which
are cultivated, and fraudulent people will at times cut o£E a piece and carry
it away to a difEerent position. Sulfdn Zainu'l 4^bidtn constructed in
this lake a causeway (sad) of clay and stone one kos in length from the
Kdwar to the soatb of the stream. This
change in the meaning of Dachin from
south to north mast have taken place
before the time of Akbar as Abol Fazl
describes Dachinpdra as situated at the
pool of a mountain on the side of Great
Tibet, that is to the north of the Lidar.
Ancient Geography, India, p. 94.
The Amam&th cave is marked in
Drew's map, soath-east of Baltal and
Sonamarg, near the sources of the
Bind river. Its history and ceremonies
are told by Vigne, II, 8. The ice bubble
was doubtless a stalactite. See Moor-
croft, II, 262.
* Applied indiscriminately to both
agate and onyx. Tieffenthaler describes
a stone of their country, as green with
white streaks which is worked with
diamond powder and made into phials,
saucers, hafts of daggers and the Uke.
It is probably a kind of jade.
' Cucumbers and melons are com-
monly grown on them. Their cons&ruc*
tion is described by Moorcroft (II, 138)
with the thoroughness which characterises
his obsenrations. The causeway is called
by Vigne, (II, 99) Sad i Chodri and is
carried entirely throngh the lake to the
village of Isha Bryri, four miles on the
opposite side. It more resembled a line
of rashes than a causeway in his day.
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city to this parganah. In the vioinify also is a spring of which the sick
drink and are restored to health.
In the village of Thtd^^ is a delightful spot where seven springs
unite : around them are stone buildings, memorials of bygone times.
There is also a source which in winter is warm and in summer cold.
In the village of BdzwaL is a waterfall from the crest of 8hdhk6t. It
is called Shdlahmdr, Here fish are caught in numbers. A streamlet
is caged at two ends and when the water is carried off, the fish between are
taken.
In Ishibdrfl is a spring held sacred by the people of Hindustan,
called Surycuar, surrounded by stone temples. Shakamdg is a spring
which is dry all the year, but should the 9bh of any month happen to
fall on a Friday, it bubbles up and flows from mom till eve, and people
flock to partake of its blessings.
In the village of Bambal^ are a spring and a pool. Those who have
special needs throw in a nut, if it floats, it is an augury of success ; if it
sinks, it is considered adverse.
In Bdnihal is a temple dedicated to Durgah, If any one desires to learn
the issue of a strife between himself and his enemy, he fills two vessels
with boiled rice, the one representing his own fortunes, the other those of
his foe, and places them in the temple and closes the doors. On the fol-
lowing day the devotees present themselves to learn the result. In whose
vessel roses and saffron are found, his undertaking will prosper, and that
which is full of straws and dirt, portends the ruin of the person it repre-
sents. Stmnger still, in a dispute where it is difficult to discover the
truth, each party is given a fowl or a goat and sent to the temple. They
then poison each of these animals and severally rub them with their hands.
His animal whose cause is just recovers, and the other dies.
In the Ver tract of country is the source of the Bihat, It is a pool
measuring Skjarib which tosses in foam with an astonishing roar, and its
depth is unfathomable. It goes by the name of Vemdg^ and is surrounded
by a stone embankment and to its east are temples of stone. In the
village of I^amhar is a spring called Bawan Bendh^ which during two
' Thad, in the text.
* In the text Isha haUri. I am guid-
ed on the«e name« by the Qoyemor of
Jammo.
• Yar. Zambfl, Zfmbal, Ratil.
^ Ver. is the old name for ShahAb&d.
4^
A desoription of this celebrated fountain
may be read in Vigne's Kashmir, I, 832,
and in Hoorcroft, II, 26a
* Yar. Bhawan Send, Biun Send, Bhu
Sendh, Pawan Sendhi
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months of the epring-time is in agitation. It is always full and its water
never decreases.
In Devsar in the village of Balaa is a pool called Balan Nilg 20
yards square in which the water is agitated : it is embosomed in delightful
verdure and canopied bj shady trees. Whosoever is desirous of knowing^
the prospects of the harvest, or whether his own circumstances are to be
prosperous or unfavourable, fills an earthen vessel with rice, writes his name
on its rim, and closing its mouth, casts it into the spring. After a time the
vessel of its own accord floats on the surface, and he then opens it and if
the rice be fragrant and warm, the year will be prosperous and his under-
takings successful, but if it be filled with clay or mud and rubbish, the
reverse will be the case.*
Veshau^ is the name of a stream which issues picturesquely from an
orifice in a mountain, and at the same place is a declivity down which the
waters tumble from a height of 20 yards with a thundering roar. Hinda
devotees throw themselves down from its summit and with the utmost
fortitude sacrifice their lives, in the belief that it is a means of securing
their spiritual welfare.
Kuthdr^ is a spring which remains dry for eleven years, and when the
planet Jupiter enters the sign of Leo, it flows on the following Thursday
and during the succeeding seven days is again dry and once more fills on
the Thursday next following, and so continues for a year.
In the village of Matalhdmah is a wood in which is a heronry,^ the
feathers are taken for plumes, and the birds are here regularly fed.
Near Shukroh^ is a low hill on the summit of which is a fountain which
flows throughout the year and is a place of pilgrimage for the devout. The
snow does not fall on this spur.
* This is also mentioned bj Ferishta.
' Yigne calls the cataract, Arabal or
Haribal.
* This appears to be the Eosah Nig
of Yigne which he says is pronoanced
Eaosar or Kantsar by the Mn^ammadans
after the fountain in Paradise.
^ The text has relegated jfv^ to a note
as doabtful and snbstitnted the conjec-
tural emendation of V^> ©•glo* which is
wrong. The learned Pandit JELadha
Kishan, to whom • I am indebted for so
mach regarding Kashmir, tells me that
the word is pronoanced Onkar or Okar
and signifies a heron. See Vigne, I,
806. The heronries are striotlj guarded
and in the spring when their long fea-
thers fall from their necks, there is a
watchman in attendance to pick them
np.
* The Brihmans of Kashmir identify
this place which Cunningham supposes
to be Zukru or Zukur still a considerable
village four miles north of the capital,
with Jushkapura founded by the Indo-
Scythian prince Jushka, a brother (^
Kanishka and HiMhka, p 101.
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In Ifdgdm is a spring called N^h Ndg,^ the basin of which measureB
40 bigahs. Its waters are exquisitely clear and it is considered a sacred spot,
and xnanj volantarily perish by 6re aboat its border. Strange to relate
omens are taken by its means. A nnt is divided into four parts and thrown
in, and if an odd number fioats, the angui'y is favourable, if otherwise, the
reverse. In the same way if milk (thrown in) sinks, it is a good omen,
and if not, it is unpropitious. In ancient times a volume, which they call
NUmctt^ arose from its depths, which contained a detailed descrip-
tion of Kashmir and the history and particulars of its temples. They say
that a flourishing city with lofty buildings is underneath its waters, and
that in the time of Badu Shdh,^ a Brdhman descended into it and returned
after three days, bringing back some of its rarities and narrated his ex-
periences.
In the village of Btrutod is a spring and in its wat-er lepers bathe early
on the first day of the week and are restored to health. In the vicinity is a
plateau, a pasture ground for cattle, the grass of which has peculiar fatten*
ing properties.
In the village of Salthal of the parganah of ftehh is found a quivering
tree.^ If the smallest branch of it be shaken, the whole tree becomes
tremulous.
Ldr borders on the mountains of Cheat Tibet, To its north is a lofty
mountain which dominates all the surrounding country, and the ascent of
which is arduous. At its foot are two springs, two yards distant from each
other, the waters of one being extremely cold and those of the other
exceedingly hot. They are considered sacred and the bones of bodies are
here reduced to ashes : the bones and ashes of the dead are cast into a
large lake on the mountain and this ceremony is regarded as a means of
union with the Divinity. If the flesh of an animal fall into it, a heavy fall
* There are two of thia name; one
motioned by Vigne, (II, 170) near
Drabog&m, the oapitAl of the parganah
of Shnkm, which \b nothing more than
a large pond in the forest. He heard
nothing of Abnl FaxVs legend, on the
spot ; the other hy Moorcroft, (II, 283)
who did not actnally visit it as it lay ont
of his ronte, bat describes it as the
Bdoroe of two streams, one taking the
direction of the Lala-Koal or Fohrn in
Kaehmfr, the other that of Kathae in
the Baramnla pass.
* Badn Shah isZainu'l^Adbidin (Vigne,
II. 73).
' Dr. King informs me that the Aspen
{IPopvlus trBmula) ooonrs wild in the
N. W. Himalaya. The P. Enyhratica of
which the leaves are as tremnlons as the
aspen, is also common in many parts.
The former has a more northern range
and is fonnd in Siberia and may have
been introduced into Kashmir. For the
proper names in the text I follow the
guidance of the Governor of Jammu.
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of snow and rain ensues. The riyer called Bind wbich rises in Tibet ^ in
wholesome to drink, and is so clear that the fish in it are visible. Thej
strike them with iron spears and catch them also in other ways. Shahdb*
u'ddinptir is on the banks of the Bihat^ and abont it are large plane trees
which is a favotirite resort. The Bind joins the Bihat at this point.
In Tulmuld is an area of abont 100 higlias in extent which is flooded
during the rains, and remains somewhat moist even after the waters have
dried up. The people plunge in sticks of a jard in length, more or less,
and work them about, and thrusting their hands into the holes pull out
fish of four pounds weight and more, but commonly of small size.
In Satpur is a pool, the depth of which cannot bo fathomed. It
is held in great veneration and is a place of worship. Bhuieaar is a temple
dedicated to Mahddeva, Whoever approaches to pay his devotions, hears
the sounds of ceremonial worship and no one can tell whence they proceed.
In Khoihdma which adjoins Little Tibet is a large lake called the
Wular twenty-eight kSs in circumference. The BihcU flows into it and its
course is somewhat lost to the eye.^ Here Sultan Zainu'l Adbidin built
a large palace called Zain Lanka, Boats full of stones and branches of trees
are sunk in the lake and pulled up by ropes after the lapse of three or four
months, and many fish are taken that have homed there. The capture
of water-fowl here affords considerable sport, and in the village of Ajas^
stags are chased down to the lake and taken. Near Mdehhdmu is an
island covered with trees which when shaken by the wind, cause the island
also to quake.
Saffron is also cultivated in Paraspur. It formerly held a lofty temple
which when destroyed by Sikandar father of Sul^n Zainu*l Adbidin^
a copper tablet was discovered on which was inscribed in Sanskrity that after
the lapse of eleven hundred years, one Sikandar, would destroy it and
gather for himself exceeding great chastisement.^
^ See Yigne, IT, 158. The legend of
the Lanka islet is given in MiL[^am-
mad Aazam's Hist of Eashmfr transla-
ted by me in the A. 8. Journal, XLIX,
Part 1, 1880.
■ Var, Ahsan.
* Cunningham alludes to this at p.
102 and adds, * The same story is told
by Fenshta with the addition of the
name of the B&ja whom the translator
oalls Balndt probably a mistake for
Ldldit, the contracted form of Lalitmdi*
tya among the Kashmiris. As the
difference of time between this prince
and Sikandar is barely 700 years, it is
strange that the tradition should pre-
senre a date so much at ▼ariance with
the chronology of their own natire ohro-
nioles.' His inference of the inaoouraoy
of the translation is correct. Feriahta
has distinctly TtolUadit, and not Balndt^
and he places the temple at Tdra$pwr,
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365
In the Parganah of Kamraj^ at the village of Trahgdm the residence
of the Chahs is a foantain of sweet water called Ohatamdg and in the middle
is a stone building of great age. The fish grow to great size bat who-
soever teaches them, is afflicted by some calamity.
Near Kargon is a defile called Sdyam^ where an area of ten jarihs of
land becomes so hot at the time of the conjunction of Jupiter and Leo that
trees are burnt up and a vessel of water if left on the ground will boil.
A flourishing IMtle town stands here. From Kamrdj is a defile, one end
of which touches Kdshghar and on the west lies Fakliy where gold is ob-
tained in the following manner. The skins of long-haired goats are spread
in the fords of the river, with stones placed round them that the current
may not bear them away. They are taken up after three days and lef fc in
the sun. When dry, they are shaken, yielding their three tolahs weight of
gold dust. CKlgit is the name of another pass which leads to Kdshghar.
Gold is there obtained by soil washings.
At two days' distance from Hdehdmun is the river named Padmati
which flows from the Ddrdu^ country. Gold is also found in this river.
bat P. IB the right initial and pronounced
by the Kashmiris PoruMjdr, (Yigne,
n, 148). Farihdsapura was built by
Baja Lalitaditya who reigned A. D.
723—760. It was, writes Cunningham,
situated on the river bank of the
Jhelum near the present village of
Sumbal. The names in Briggs are
frequently incorrect and his version
skips whole passages of his author. See
also p. 85, Vol. I.
* Kamrij and Mer^j were two large
districts into which Kashmir was divided
from the earliest times, the former
being the north half of the valley below
the junction of the Sind with the Jhelum,
and the latter the south half, above that
junction. Cunningham, p. 94. Yigne
calls the village T^u*agdon (II, 139)
the villagre of the stars. The remains
of ancient masonry a fine spring were
■till to be seen, some of the blocks little
inferior in size to those of Martand.
* Snhoyum in Vigne, (II, 281,) who
that it lies near the village of
Nichi Hama in the Parganah of Machia-
pora at the north-west end of the valley,
and that 36 years before his visit an
intense heat was found to issue from the
spot. The phenomenon has several times
occurred, a white smoke being occasion-
ally seen to issue from the ground, but
without sulphurous smell or fissures
in the soil.
• Few people can be traced through
so long a period in the same place as
these whom H. H. Wilson (Moorcroft,
II, 266, n.) identifies as the Ddradas of
Sanskrit geography, and Daradrss or
Darad» of Strabo. He supposes them
to be the Kafirs of the Mu^mmadans,
though now nominally converted to
Islam. The auriferous region of the
DiUradas is mentioned by Humboldt
(Cosmos II. p. 513. B. C. Ott^) who
places it either in the Thibetian highlands
east of the Bolor chain, west of Iskardo,
or towards the desert of Gobi described
also as auriferous by Hewen Thsang.
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36^
On its banks is a stone temple called 8drada\ dedicated to Durgd, and
regarded with great veneration. On every eighth Hthi of Shuhlapaeheh,^
it begins to shake and prodnoes the most extraordinary effect.
The system of revenue collection is by appraisement and division of
crops, assessments for crops paying special rates and cash transactions not
being the cnstom of the country. Some part of the Satr Jxhii^ cesses,
however, are taken in cash. Payments in coin and kind were estimated in
kharwdra of (Shdli) rice. Although one-third* had been f©r a long time
past the nominal share of the State, more than two shares was actually
taken but through His Majesty's justice, it has been reduced to one half.
According to the assessment of J^dzi^ (AH) the revenue was fixed at 30
lakhs, 63,050 kharwdrs, II taraks, each kharwdr being 3 man, 8 sSrs Ak^
harshdhi. A weight of two dams is called a pal, and ^ and ^ of this weight
are also in use.
Seven and a half pals are considered equivalent to one sSr, two sirs
are equal to half a man, and four sSrs to a tarak, and sixteen taraks to one
kJiarwdr. A taraJc, according to the royal weights (of Akbar) is eight sirs.
Taking the prices current for several years, the Kdzi struck an average of
^ A name of Dorg^ as well as of
Saraswati. See this name in the de-
scription of E&ngra nnder Sdbah of
Lahore.
• See p. 17 of this Volnme.
• See p. 68, n.
• The immemorial tradition in Kash-
mir considered the whole of the land as
the property of the niler. Of some
portions of the Ichdlsah lands the sover-
eigns divested themselves by grants in
jagir for varions periods. The Sikhs
made a general resumption, ousted the
possessors of grants and reduced thou-
sands to destitution. In Moorcroft's
time (II, 125) the kh^lsa lands were let
out for cultivation. Those near the city
as Sar Kishti, head or upper cultivation,
those more remote Pai- Kishti, or foot
and lower. When the grain was trod-
den out, an equal division took place
formerly between the farmer and the
government, but the latter advanced its
demands like it appropriated | of the
Sar-Kishti and f of the P. K. crop.
The straw fell generously to the share
of the cultivator who was also permitted
to steal a portion of his own produce by
the overseer, — for a consideration. In
the time of Zainu'l Anbidfn, the rice
crop (the staple) is said to have been 77
lakhs of hha9•^JodT8, In Moorcroft's day
it was 20, at from 2} to 6} Rs. a kharwdr.
His weight- measures diifer from those
of Abul Fazl, a Jcharwdr being 16 taraks,
a taralc 6 s^ra, a sSr iO pala^ a pal 3^
Mahomed Shahi rupees, which (the
rupee being 178'3 grains) should make
the tSr nearly 2 pounds. The actual
84r was, however, not above one pound
avoirdupois, and a kharwdr or ass-load
was therefore 96 pounds. A horse-load
equalled 22 tarths.
• See pp. 847 and 411 of Vol. I, where
further information is given regarding
the revenue system, its exactions and the
disturbances which led to the l^&zi's
murder.
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867
the aggregate, and the kJharwdr (in kind) was ascertained to be 29 ddiMf
and the khanvdr in monej, was fixed according to the former rate of 13^
dams. The revenne, therefore, amounted to 7 hr&rs, 46 lakhs, 70,411 dams.
(Rs. 1,866,760-4-5), out of which 9 lakhs, 1,663 kharwdrs and 8 taraks were
paid in money, equivalent to 1 kr&Ty 20 lakhs, 22, 183 ddms. (Rs. 300,554-9-2.)
The revenue fixed by Apaf Khan,^ was 30 lakhs, 79,443 kharwdrs, of which
10 lakhs, 11,330^* kharwdrs were in money. The cesses bdj and tamghd,^
"w&ce altogether jremitted by His Majesty, which produced a reduction of
67,824^ kharwdrs, equivalent to 898,400 ddms. (Rs. 22,460.) For the
additional relief of the husbandman, five ddms on the price of a kharwdr,
were thrown in. Although the revenue, in kharwdrs, of A§af Khdn was
in excess of that of K4zi ^.li by 16,392 kharwdrs, yet calculated in money
the receipts are less, after deducting the remissions, by 860,034^ ddms
(Rs. 21,500-13-7), because he estimated the kharwdr in money which is of
lower relative worth, above its value.
In the revenue returns forwarded by ^dzi AH to the Imperial Exche-
quer, forty-one parganahs are taken while the return submitted by Asaf
Khdn contains but thirty-eight, there being but thirty-eight in point of
fact. For ]^azi Ali on a review of the question separated the two villages
Maaifid and Ddrdu, of the parganah of Kamrdj, and dividing the parganah
of 8d%r % Mawdzi into two, constituted these into two parganahs. In
former times certain selected towns of ewih parganah were denominated
Sdiru'l Mawdzi (village-group) and were held as Khdlisah.* Kdzi Ali
» Vol. I, p. 411.
• Var. 15,380i.
' I have retained these expressions as
ibej may serve to throw some h'ght on
their exact natnre. Tamghd has been
already defined at p. 67 of this Yolnme,
aa being a demand in excess of the land
reyenae and hdj is simply a toll or tax
and must here have a somewhat similar
application, bat there were various other
taxes in excess of land revenue, such as
Jihdtt Bdir Jihdt, Farua'dt and others
whose nature is defined at p. 58. Elliot
discusses the value of the terms at p. 6,
VoLlI, of his Races of the North- West
^rovijicee, but he arrives at no determi-
nation of their special fiscal significance.
The two are, in several instances, found
coupled together when remissions of
taxation are mentioned and perhaps they
were thus employed to express all cesses
of whatever kind over and above the
land revenue. Tamgha occurs later
under Kabul, signifying inland tolls.
* Lands of which the revenue was the
property of the government, not being
made over in grants or gifts, JdgCr or
Indm to any other parties. Also to
lands and villages held immediately of
gfovemment and of which the State is
the manager or holder. More generally
it was applied to the exchequer under
the Mu|;^l.mmadan administration. It is
more usually pronounced Khdlsah*
Wilson's Gloss.
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368
tLTiiied forty villages of the Marrdj^ side nnder the name of Parganaht
Hdveli and retained eighty-eight* villages of KcLmrdj according to the for
mer distribntion, as pargandh of Sdiru'l Mawdzi,
The whole kingdom was divided nnder its anoient rnlers into two
divisions, Marrdj on the east, and Kamrdj on the west.
At the present day that a great part of the army in Kashmir has been
withdrawn, the local militia consists of 4,892 cavalry and 92,400 infantry.
Sarkdr of Kashmir,
Containing 88 Mahals, Revenue 8,011,618 kharwdrs, 12 taraJks, being
equivalent to 62,113,040J ddms. (Rs. 1,652,826) ; out of which 9,435,006
kharwdrSf 14 taraks is paid in money, equivalent to 12,501,880 ddms,
(Rs. 312,547.) Castes, various. Cavalry, 3,202. Infantry, 27,725.
The Marrdj Tract,
Containing 22 Mahals. Revenue 1,7.02,819 kharwdrs, equivalent to
35,796,122^ ddms, (Rs. 894,903), of wliich 670,651 kharwdrs, 12 taraks ^re
paid in money, equivalent to 8,885,248 ddms, (Rs. 222,131-3-2). Cavalry,
1,620. Infantry, 4,600.
City of 8'rinagar, Revenue 342,694 kharwdrs, 12 taraks, in money,
342,996 kharwdrs, 8 taraks; in kind, 1,698 kharwdrs^ 4 taraks.
Parganahs east of 8'rxnagar, 3 Mahals,
ffcohh,
Brang,
Vihi,
In kind.
wdrs.
Taraks,
144,102 0
78,834 4
209,632 8
In money.
Khar-
Taraks.
62,034 4
8,769 8
161,968 8
0
50
1000
400
Castes.
Khamasli*
and Zinalu
Bat,* t. e.,
Br&hman.
» Abul Fazl dnplioates the r, but at p.
98 of the text, one MS. giyes Mardj
which is the usual spelling. The Gover-
nor of Jammu says that both fonns are
in use. Vigne, (I. 272) and Moororoft, (II.
113) give a list of 36 parganahs. H. H.
Wilson the editor of Moorcroft's trayels
notices that he has omitted some names.
• Var. eight.
• Var. Kashmah, and unintelUgible
variants of Zinah.
• Further on, a variant g^ves Bh/U,
which in Blliot, I, 151, is one of the
classifications of Brahmana in the Censoa
N.-W. P. for 1866.
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360
ParganahSf nortk-easif 7 Mahals.
In kind.
In money.
!
^
Oaates.
^y-raU.
^: '-<*••
Wttlar,
188,666 4
12,608 8
20
200
Dardah and
Shil.
Fiimc, ... ••. ••.
7,1111 12
17,402 8
...
.*•
Daohhinpirah,
76,158 0
6,902 12
20
100
Khia^
Khiwarp&rah,
45,226 8
8,676 8
100
500
Khiwar."
Khatt^*-*
87,479 4
8,221 12
16
800
Dard.
Mani A4wm (Mara Wardw6n,
i,041 0
200
200
Vigno),
balf
bow-
men
Maton, ...
190,481
18,621
20
100
Bal.
Parganahsy touth^easty 11 Ma^U,
In kind.
In monej.
1
s
Oa0te9.
^I"^--^-
^:- '--»••
A^irin, ... •••
101,482 4
14,816 16»
1
100
Dard.
rtchh, ...
98,869 0
14,877 4
6
80
Brihman.
Banihil, ...
6,485
401ior8eload8^
400
4000
Sihar.
BIA ...
8,515 0
besides trans-
it duties re.
mitted.
4,286 8
50
800
N^.«
IWTBar, ...
85,644 8
822 8
800
•000
Zlnah.»
Zinahp^r,
15,876 4
1,790 1
20
8<5paraaman,*
6,183 besides
does on fire-
wood.
2,008 4
70
200
Kambah.
Shidarah,
89,167 0
8,550 12
...
...
Thakar.»
* Var. mwBh or Qidah.
* Var. Kih6.
* This most be a mistake for 12, as
16 tarahB make a khanodr : in the Arabic
nomerali the 2 (r) and 6 (l) wre easily
oonfoanded.
* A horse load is 22 taraka,
47
* Tar. Talk. The Niik are olassiied
in Elliot 1, 152, as Brihmans.
* Nnmeral omitted.
^ Var. Basah, Binhah, Batiah.
* So^rsaman, S4r9aman.
* Var. Bhakar. Drew oonfirms the
reading Thakor, which is the chief
cnltiTating oaaie in th* hilli.
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S70
In kind.
In money.
1
1
Castes.
Ss
o
^sy-raU
^- '•'-»••
Shukrdh,...
46,224 0
12,767 8
20
...
Ashw£r.
JS&gim, ...
189.770 12
22,676 4
16
100
Bat.
Vdr,
12,270 8
888
600
6000
Sahsali.'
Kamvr6j Tract.
Containing 16 Mahals, Bevenne 1,218,799 khartodrs, 12 taraki,
equivalent to 26,316,918 dams, (Bs. 657,922-15-2.) In money, 272,954$
kharwdra, equivalent to 3,616,632 ddins, (Rs. 90,415-12-9.) Cavalry,
1,590. Infantry, 16,965.
ParganahSy north-west.
In kind.
In money.
I
!
Ga8te&
Zinahkar,
Khoihima,
18,268 0
88,670 12
82,56i 0
16,622 0
60
60
100
1000
Bat, Masai-
m£n.
Zinah.«
ParganahSf south-west.
In kind.
In money.
!
1
Castes.
Indarkdl,
Paraspdr,
9,668 4
18,880 12
7.288 0
8,862 8
...
...
Bat.
SiyAhi.
* Yar. Sahah, Sansah, Nakhah.
I • Var. Ahir.
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871
In kind.
In monej.
i
!
1
Oaates.
^:^-»-
^r^-«*-
Patan, ...
4»799 4
628 0
80
110
Bhat.
Mnsnlm&n.
B4nkal, ...
116.288 12
20.280 4
200
600
Bikri.*
Barwi, ...
67,098 12
18.888 0
85
80
Khio.*
Telkim, ...
16,416 12
4.486 4
...
80
Pandit.
Dinad,* .
6d,219i
17.088*
160
400
D<5ni.
Daohhin KMwarali, ...
86,222 4
20.668 0
26
800
Khasi,
Kankn.*
Zinah.
Sair Q'l Maw^,
192.641 4
18.668 12
...
...
Kh<5i, ...
12.946 0
870
...
16
Raw^r.
Kamrij, ...
842.844 4
108.726 4
1000
10,000
Chak.
Kar^han/
116,474 0
29,779 12
-
110
Sovereigns of Kashmir,
Fifty-three princes reigned daring a period of 1266 years.
Ugnand.
Dam6dar,|^i^
Bal, 5
Thirty-five princes succeeded whose names are unknown.*
n.
Layah, (var. Lava.)
Kishen, his son (yar. Kish.)
* Yar. Akbari, Khas^ri.
* Var. Kahlu'. •
* Var. Daneo. Dans^o.
^Ytfr. Khakar. Binah, Kahikankn
Dinah, Eahki Kahkn.
* Gardhan, and Kardhan, in the
Onlzir i Kashmir.
* Ab some of these names are snpplied
by the U. T., I append the series in ap-
position to the dynasties in the text.
The series in Tieilenthaler corresponds,
and is taken (sajs a note, apparently by
Anqnetil dn Perron) from a history of
Cashmir written by Haidar Maler, A. H.
1027 (A. D. 1607).
Bajas of Oashmir of the line of G-wru
in the Innar race worshippers of
Niigas or snakes.
The Big4 Tarangini whence this line
is taken, commences with an account of
the dessication of the yalley by Casyapa
Mxmiy supposed to allude to the deluge.
Wilson, As. Es. XV. 1.
First period. Caurara race 1266 years.
B. 0. 8714. Cashmir colonised by
Casyapa. B. 0. 2666.
W.
Fifty-three princes, names
omitted by Hindu writerii
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872
Kahgftndra, his don.
Snrandra, bis son.
Godharai of another tribe.
Stiran, bis son.
JanakSy bis son.
Shachinar, (var. Hashka^ Bishka).
Agdha^ son of Janaka's paternal uncle.
Jal<5ka, his son.
Damddar, descendant of Asdka.
Hasbka, \
Zashka. C three brothers. Buddhists.
Kaniska, \
Abhiman.
bat partly anpplied by
SannlEh^.
Mnlj^ammadan autho-
Akber Ehin.
rity as follows t
Jaber Ehlln.
Snllm&ii.
Nandor Eh&n.
Cassalgham.
Banker Eh&n, slain by.
Maherkaz.
Bakra R4jl
Bandn Ehin, (Panda of
An interval ensoes and
the lunar line.)
aothentio history ooo^-
L<5di Ehin.
mences with
Ledder Kh&n.
B. C. 2448.
Gonerda," I, Kali Yoga
Sunder Khin, Hind6
658. Qonanda or Ag^
worship established.
nand, a relation of
Cnnder KhlLn.
Jarasondha^ 1400. Vf il-
Snnder Ehin.
son.
Tnndn Khin,
Damodara, I.
Beddn Kh&n.
Gonerda, II.
Mahand Eh&n.
Thirty-five prinoss }
Dorbinash Kh4n.
names forgotten.
Deosir Eb&n.
>»
1709.
Lava (BaMava) Loo of
Tehab Ehin, dethroned
by king of Cabul.
torians.
Cfljn Eh£n.
it
1664.
Gaos^saya.
LuTkhab Eh&n.
t»
1660.
Ehagendra.
Bhermayaran Eh&n.
»
1600.
Sorendra, oot. with Bah*
Kanreng Khia, oonqner-
man of Persia.
ed China.
}>
1576.
Godhara.
Barigh Eh&n.
1)
1687.
Snvarna.
Oowasheh Eh&n.
»>
1477.
Janaoa.
Panda Ehanll, extended
tt
1471.
Saohinara.
empire to the sea.
II
1894.
Atoca, established Bud*
Haris Ehin.
dhism.
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873
III.
lUjd Ganand (Qonerda III) reigned,
„ Bhikan (Vibliishana,) his son, ...
„ Indrajita, his son, ...
„ Biwana, his son,
„ Bhikan II, his son, ...
„ Nara, (also called Khar),' his son,
„ Sidha, his son,
„ Utpalachah, his son,
„ Hiranya, his son, ...
„ Hirankal, his son, ...
„ Abaskaha, his son, ...
„ Mihirkal, his son, ...
„ Baka (Vaka), his son,
„ Khatnanda, his son,
„ Yasnnanda, his son,
„ Nara, his son,
„ Aja, (Aksha), his son,
„ Gopdditja, his son, (MSS. E6parat),
„ Karan, his son,
„ Narendraditja, his son,
„ Yndishfc'hira, his son,
T.
36
53
35
30
35
39
60
30
37
60
60
70
63
30
52
60
60
60
67
36
48
M. D.
0 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 13
0 0
2
0
0
0
0 11
3 10
0 10
B. O. 1882. Jalooa, adopted oastes.
„ 1302. Damodara, II, a Saiya;
transformed into a
snake.
prin-
1277. Huskha,
1217.
"^ Tartar
Jushca. I ^"» ^•^*-
^ . , I blished
Canishoa,
J Bnddhism.
Abhimanyn, an orthodox
Hinda. B. C. 423 W.
Second Period, Gonerdiya dynasty,
1013 years, or 878 years after adjust-
ment. (Wilson.) For all these dynas-
ties see Wilson's Essay on the Hinda
Bistory of Cashmere, As. Res. XY.
B.C.
1182 Qonerda III, Nilga
worship resnmed, B. C. 888 W.
1147 Vibishana, „ 870
B.C.
1096 Indrajita,
1060-6 Bdvana,
1080.6 Vfbishana II,
993 Nara (Kinnara^ per-
secnted Buddhists,
953-3 Siddha,
893.3 Utpaliiza,
862-9 Hirany&za,
825-2 Hiranydcula,
765-2 Viilucula,
705-2 Mihir&oula, inraded
Lanka or Ceylon,
635-2 Yaoa,
572-2 Xitinanda,
542-2 Yasunanda,
490 Nara II, or Bara,
430 Aza (by some said
to have built the
B. C. 852
„ 834
„ 816
„ 298
„ 280
„ 262
„ 244
„ 226
„ 218
„ 200
„ 182
„ 164
„ 146
« 128
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374
IV.
Six princes reigned 192 years.
Pratapaditya, said to be a descendant of Vikramd-
ditja, ...
Jal6ka, bis son,
Tanjir, (Tanjfna) his son, (T. Tanzar G. and var
Banjlr), ...
Bijai, relation of above, ...
Jayandra, (var. Chandra), his son, ...
Arya Uij,
V.
Ten princes reigned 592 years, 2 months, 1 day.
Meghavdhana, a descendant of Judisht'hira,
Srishtas6na, his son,
Hiran, his son,
Mdtrignpfca, Brdhman, ...
Pravara86na, a descendant of Meghavdhana,
Jndisht'hira, his son,
Lakshman, called also Nandradit, ...
RanAditya, his younger brother,
Vikramaditya, his son, ...
BAlAditya, his younger brother, no issue.
Y. M. D.
32
32
36
8
37
47
34
30
30
4
63
39
13
30
42
36
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
0
2
9
0
3
0
0
0
0 0
temple on the
TakhtiSulaimto,
by others, the
following mon-
arch, T.),
B.C.
100
B.C.
870
Gopaditya, a pious
br&hmanlBt,
M
82
810
Gokema,
>»
64
258
Narendraditya,
»»
46
216-9
Yndhisht'hira, sur-
named the Blind,
)>
28
Aditya Dynasty, 192
years
.
168-9 Pratfipaditya, kins-
man of Viorama-
ditya,
a
10
136-9
Jalanoas,
a
22
104-9
Tnnjina, a great
famine,
}»
64
66-9
Vijaya,
>i
90
60-9
Jayendra,
II
93
B.C.
23-9 Ary& R^]A, of mira-
cnlons aooession, B. C. 135
Gonerdlya line restored, 692 years, or
438, adjusted.
A. D.
23-3 M^ghavidhana, inyiied Baaddhas
and iilyaded Ceylon.
57-2 Sreshtad^na, or Pravaras^na.
87-3 HiranyA, contention with Toro-
m&na Ta'Oataja^ connected with
Vioramaditya.
ll7-5 M^trigupta, Brihman f rem tTjjain
succeeded by election, 471 W.
122-2 Pravaras^na, invaded
Siladitya of Gnjer&t, 476
185-2 Yndhisht'hira II, 499
224-5 Nandravat, Narendrl-
ditya, or Lakshmani, 622
237-5 Ratkdditya, married
daughter of Ohola B£ja, 545
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Seventeen princes reigned 257 years, 5 months, 20
Dnrlabhavardan, son-in-law of Bdlidit,
Pratapaditja, grandson of his daughter,
Ghandrapifa,^ his eldest son,
Tdrapifa, his brother,
Lalitdditya, another brother,
Kayalaj&pir^, his son,
Vajrdditya, his brother, .„
Prithivyapff4, his son, ...
Sangr&pir4, grandson of Lalitaditya by a son, ...
Jayapifa ditto, ••• •••
Jaj, his brother-in-law, ...
Lalitdpifa, his son, ..•
Sangrdmapifa, his brother,
Brihaspati, son of Lalitipifa,
Ajit^pfa, or Ajaydpifa, son of Prabhabipifa,
Anangipifa, son of Sangrdmdpifa, ...
ntpaUpifa, son of Ajaydpifa.
days
,
T.
M.
D.
36
0
0
50
0
0
8
0
8
4,
0 24
36
7 11
0 15
0
0
1
0
0
0
31
0
0
some months
12
0
0
37
0
0
12
0
0
36
0
0
3
0
0
A, D.
537-5 Yikramaditya, supposed
an interpolation, 568
579-5 Bildditya, last of the
Gonerda race, 592
N^ or Carcota dynasty, 260
years, 6 months.
615-5 Dorlabhaverddhana, oonneoted
with Yezdijird. [pdr.
651-5 PratiLpaditya, founded Pratapa-
Durlabhaca.
701-5 Chanddlpfra, or Chandranand, a
Tirtnons prince.
710-1 T^rapira, a tyrant.
714-1 Lalit^tya, conquered Yasoyama
of Kanauj (Yasovigraha of
inscriptions) and overran India.
750-8 Ouvalayipfpa.
751-8 Vajriditya.
758-8 Prithivyipira.
762-10 SangramapifCk.
769-10 Jajja, an usurper, deposed by
A. D.
772-10 Jayipfra, married daughter of
Jayanta of Gaur, encouraged
learning, invaded Bhima S^naof
Gujerat; 841.
808-10 LaliUlpfra.
815-10 Sangrimipfra, II or Prithivyi-
pfra.
822-10 Vrihaspati, or Ohippatajaya, son
of a prostitute whose five bro-
thers governed in his name.
884-10 Ajitipira, set up by the same
usurpers.
870-10 Anang^pira, restored to sucoes'
sion.
873-10 Utpalapfra, last of the Carcota
race.
^ The text has the 4^-1tdr or hard 4
which is convertible with the Hindi
hard r, to which I have ventured to
alter it in correspondence with the
Hindi pronunciation of these names.
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876
VI.
Fifteen princes reigned 89 years^ 1 month, 15 days.
Avanti VarmA, of the Chamar easte,
S^ankar Yarmd, hid son, ..
Gopdl Varmi,
Sankat, said to be his brother,
Sngandh^ Rdiii, mother of abOVe-mentioned Gopdl,
Partha; son of Narjit Varma, son of Sukh Varma,
Ndrjit Varmd, son of Sukh Varmd, his brother, ...
ChakraTarmA,
Sdra Varmd, his brother,
Pdi-thd, son of Ndrjit,
Chakra Varmd, second time,
Sankar Vardhana, son of Mir Vardhana,
Chakra Varmd, third time,
Unmatti Avanti Varmd, son of Rdja Pdrthd,
Snrma (S^nra) Varmd, second time, last of the
Chamdr princes, ,., ... ... 0 6 0
VII.
Ten princes reigned 64 years, 3 months, 14 days.
Jasasra (Jasaskar) Dev, a peasant, ... 9 0 0
Bdranit, an uncle's descendant, ... ... 0 0 1
Sangrdma Deva, son of Jasaskar, ... ... 0 6 7
T.
M. D.
28
3 3
18
7 19
2
0 0
0
0 10
2
0 0
15
0 10
1
1 0
10
0 15
I
0 0
1
4 0
0
6 0
3
0 0
8
0 0
2
2 0
Utpala Dynaity, 84 years, 5 months.
A. D.
875-10 Aditya Varmd, or Avanti Varmi,
a severe famine.
904-1 Sankara Varmd, invaded Gujjara
and Bdjd Bhoja, Elashmir cycle
brongbt into use.
922-9 Gopdla Varmd, killed youth.
Sankata, last of the Varmd race.
924-9 Sngandhd Rdni, recommended
election of
926-9 Pdrthd. TheTatrisand Eoangas
powerfnL
941-9 Nirjita Varmd, also called Pan^t»,
the Cripple.
942-9 Ohakra Varmd, civil wars.
A.D.
952-9 Snra Varma.
953-9 Partbd, a second time
954-3 Chakra Varmd, do.
954-9 Sanoara Vardhana.
956-3 Chaora Varmd, third time.
957-7 Unmatti Varmd
955-9 Sfara Varmd, II.
Last or mixed Djuasty 64 jears,
4 months.
960-3 Yasascara D^va, elected sover-
eign.
969-8 Sang^ma D^va, dethroned and
killed by
969-7 Parvagupta, slain at Sar^wari
Ketra.
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377
Parva Gupta, one of his subjects,
Khema (Ksb^ma) Oupta,
Abbimau, bis son,
Nanda Gupta, bis son, ••»
Tribbiivana, ...
Bbima Gupta, son of Abbiman,
Dida Rani, motber of Abbiman,
Twenty-seven princes reigned 351 years, 6 months, 17 days.
Sangi-ama, son of Adiraj, nephew of the Bdui, ... 24 2 0
Harir^ja, bis son, .., ,,. .,, 0 0 22
Ananta, bis son, .«« ... ... 5 5 0
Kalasa D^va, bis son, ... ... .«. 2G 0 0
T.
M. D
1
4 0
8
6 0
14
0 0
1
1 9
2
0 7
4
3 20
23
6 0
A. D.
971-8 Xema Gapta, destroyed many
Yihorae of Baddhists.
979-9 AbhimanyTi,iDtrigaefl and tamalt.
993-9 Nandi Qngtet, pab to death bj his
grandmother Diddi.
994-10 Tribhiiyana, shared the same
fate.
996-10 Bhimi Gupta, ditto.
1001-1 Did& Bilni, assumed the throne,
adopts.
1024-7 Sangrima Deva II. with whom
Wilson's list closes.
10S2 Harir^ji and Ananta D^va, his
sons (continued from printed
Taringini.)*
1054 Kalasa.
1062 UtkarSi, and Harsha D^va.
* The lengths of reigns only are given
in the original ; oa^culating backwards
from AUu'ddin, it becomes necessary to
curtail the reign of Hariri ja (52 years)
by about 80 years to form a natural
link with Wilson's date of Sangr&ma
D^va. — Prinsep. I add that the conclu-
sion of this series is incompatible with
the fictions even of Hindu Chronology,
and though the intervention of 18
Mahammadan kings be conceded, the
48
term of four years is an extremely undig-
nified allowance for this royal proces-
sion. The dates of the Mul^ammadan
kings is continued from Table LXXV
of the U. T, taken apparently from
Briggs whose calculations are based on
two dates given by Ferishta, viz , that of
Shah MiVs arrival in Knshmfr under
Sinha D^a, in 715 (A. D. 1815) and
the death of lUja Adin in 747 (1846).
According to Ferishta, the latter was
succeeded by Koiahdevi who, after a
brief opposition to Shah Mir, espoused
him. She was imprisoned the following
day and her husband ascended the
throne and died after a reign of tliree
years. To his son Jamshid is allotted
1 year and 2 months. Allowing a year
for the brief reign of the Rani, this
would give the accession of Alaa'ddin
about A. D. 1851. Ferishta docs not
give separate dates to each reign as
might be inferred from Briggs' digest
of his pages.. He places the death of
^u^bu'ddm in 796 (A. D. 1393) ; that
of Sikandar the Iconoclast in 819 ( 1416).
AU Sh&h in 826 (1422) and Zuin u*l
Aibidln in 877 (1472).
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878
Utkatia, his son,
Hara^, son of Kalasa,
Uchal, grandfather of Hara^,
Riddha, son of Siddha, one of the murderers
of Uchal.
Salhan, brother of Uchal,
Sasalha, brother of Salhan,
Bhekhj4jar, son of Harad,
Rijd Susalha, second time,
Jaja Singh, son of Snsalha,
Parm&nak, son of above ... ...
Dati (var. and G. Danji D^va), his son,
Jas D6va, his younger brother,
Chag (Jag) D^va, son of above,
Bdjd D^va, his son,
Sangr^ma D^va, his son,
Bama D^va, his son,
Lachhman (Lakshman) D^va, son of a Brahman,
8inha D6va, chief of Labdar of Daskhinparah, ... '
Binha D6va, brother of above, •••
Binjan of Tibet, a native of that country,
Adin D6va, relation of Sinha D6va,
Bani Kot4 D6vi, wife of Adin D6va,...
T.
M. D.
0
0 22
12
0 0
10
4, 2
one
night and
3 hours.
0
3 27
7 10 0
0
6 12
2
3 0
27
0 0
9
6 10
9
i 17
18
0 13
14
2 0
23
3 7
16
0 10
21
1 13
13
3 12
14
5 27
19
3 26
10
some
months.
15
2 10
0
6 15
A. D.
1062
1072
1002
1072
1088
1088
1110
1119
1126
1135
1163
Udayama Yikrama, son of the
latter.
Sankha B4j&.
Salha, grandson of Udayama.
Snaalha, nsorper, ditto.
Mallina, hia brother, (end of
Kalhana Pandit'R list).
Jaya Sinh, son of Susalha (Jona
Bajd's list).
Paramdna.
Bandi Deva.
Bopya D^va.
Jassa D^va, his brother, an im-
beoile.
Jag^ D^ya, son of Bopyf^.
A. D.
1167
1190
1206
1227
1261
1276
1294
1294
Sangr&ma D^ra, III.
Rima D^ya.
Lakhana D^va, adopted.
Sinha D6va, new line i killed by
brother-in-law
Sinha D^va, II, nsnrper, himself
deposed and killed by the Mlech.-
obHs under E&j4 Dnllaoh ?
The Bhota Dynasty.
Sri Binchana, obtained throne by
conquest.
Kota Bani, his wife.
Udyana D^va, second husband.
Their minister, Shih Amir killed
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379
Thirty-
A.H.
A. D.
715
1315
750
1349
752
1351
765
1363
785
1386
7991
1396
819
1416
826
1422
877
1472
878
1473
891
1486
902»
1496
911 1505
942 1535
two princes reigned 282 years, 5 months, 1 day.
Sultan Shamsn'ddin, minister of Sinha D^va,
„ Jamshid, his son, ... ...
„ Alan'ddin, son of Shamsa'ddin,
„ Shahibu'ddin,
„ ¥^utbu*ddin, son of Hasann*ddin,
„ Sikandar, his son whose name was
Sankdr,
„ ^li Shdh, liis son,
„ Zainu'l A^bidin, younger brother of
41iShdh, ...
„ Hdji Haidar Shah, his son,
„ Hasan Khdn,* his son, ...
„ Muhammad Sh&h, lus son, ..•
„ Fait Sh&h, son of Adam Khin, son
of Sult&n Zainu'l 4&bidfn,
„ Muhammad Shdh, a second time, •••
„ Fatb Shiih, a second time,
„ Muhammad Shuh, a third time,
„ Ibrahim, his son,
„ Ndzak Sh4h, son of Fath ShAh, (Fe-
rishta, *^ son of Ibrahim, son of
Muhammad Sh&h)," ... •••
„ Muhammad Shdh,* a fourtli time,
„ Shamsi, son of Muhammad Shdh,
„ Ismail Sh4h, his brother.
T.
M.
D.
2
11 25
1
10
0
12 18 13
20
0
0
15
5
2
22
9
6
6
9
0
52
0
0
1
2
0
12
0
5
2
7
0
9
1
0
0
9
9
1
1
0
11
11
11
0
8 25
1
0
0
34
8 10
0
2
0
2
9
0
the whole family and succeeded
9£ Sri Shamsa'ddin.
18 MalM^mm&dan princes snooeeded.
Names not recorded.
Vikhjaaa Bhatt, oyercame the
last of these.
1298 ? Jayansera, his son oTerooiae by
Snlt&n.
1300 Alla'addin, Mnl^ammad Sh6h.
» Death of Kutbu'ddfn 798. Ferishta.
* Of the length of this reig^, Ferishta
states he is ignorant, hut Briggs makes
kim * led to believe ' that it " mast have
been nineteen years."
• Ferishta, 894r— (1488-9).
* Ferishta gives fifty years for the
whole reign of Ma^ammad ShUh, which
wonld place the date of his son Shams-
a'ddin's accession in 941, (1584) ; Ferishta
is nnable to give the length of his
reign and omitting mention of IsmaO,
follows it with the accession of Nazuk
who, after six months gives place to
Mirza Haidar. The Shamsu'ddm of
Ferishta, is the father of Niizak, t;i«.,
Ibrahim. The series and dates of Fe-
rishta contiuao in the following order :
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S80
Y. 1
U.I
0.
13
9
0
1
5
0
10
0
0
1
0
0
10
6
0
6
10
0
8
9
0
1
020
0
1 25
I
2
0
5
3
0
1
0
0
A. H. A. D.
Sul(dn Ndzak Shdh, a second time,
„ Ismfiil-Sbdh, a second time,
948 1641 Mirzd flaidar Gurgin,
Snlt^n Ndznk Shah, a third time,
Gbdzi Khdn, son of Kdji Chak, ...
971 1563 HiLsain Chik, his brother,
41i Chak, brother of Hasain Chak,
986 1578 YusnfSh4h, his son,
Sayyid Mubarak Sh4h, one of his nobles, ...
Lobar Chak, son of Sikandar, son of Kaji Chak,
Yusuf Shdh, a second time,
YdVub Kh&n, his son.
Thus this series of 191 princes, reigning throughout a period of 4,109
years, 11 months and 9 days, passed away.
When the Imperial standards were for the first time borne aloft in
this garden of perpetual spring, a book called Bdj Tarangini written in the
Sanskrit tongue containing an account of the princes of Kashmir during a
period of some four thousand years, was presented to His Majesty. It
had been the custom in that country for its rulers to employ certain learned
men in writing its annals. His Majesty who was desirous of extending
the bounds of knowledge appointed capable interpreters in its translation
which in a short time was happily accomplished. In this work it is stated
that the whole of this mountainous region was submerged under water
and called Sati Sar, 8ati is the name of the wife of MaMdeva, and Sar
signifies a lake. One day of Brdhmd comprises 14 manvantarcis.^ Up to
the 40th year of the Divine Era, of the seventh manvantara, at which
time Kashmir began to be inhabited, 27 (kalpas) each of four cycles (y^)
Y. M.
D.
Ndznlj
:, second time,
0 6
0
Mirza Haidar,
10 0
0
Ndznk, third time,
0 10
0
960-1552.
Ibrahim, son of Nazuk (Briggs,
brother).
963-1555.
Ism^fl, brother of
Ibrahim,
2 0
0
964.1556.
Habib, Bon of Ismail,
Gh^zi Shah (Ghizi
6 0
0
Khan Chak), ...
4 0
0
971-1563.
Hnsain, brother of Ghdzi.
977-1569.
41i Sh4h Chak.
985-1677. Yusuf Sh£h, son of Ali Sh^h
who abdicated in 995 (1586)
in favour of his son Y63^ab,
and in the same year Kash-
mir was occupied hj Akbar
and shortly after formally
annexed.
^ A manvantara is the period or age of
a Manu, being equal to 12,000 years of
the gods, or 4,320,000 years of mortalB.
Its nature and duration are fully de-
scribed in H. H. Wilson's Vishnu Purina.
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381
as before mentioned,^ have elapsed and of the twenty-eighth three cyeletf^
and of the fourth cycle 4J01 solar years. And when, according to the
legend which they relate, the waters had somewhat subsided, Kasyapa who
is regarded as one of the most sublime amongst ascetics, brought in the
Brahmans to inhabit the new region.* When men began to multiply they
sought to have a just ruler over them, and experienced elders, solicitous
of the public weal met together in council and elected to the supreme
authority one who was distinguished for his wisdom, his large understand-
ing, his comprehensive benevolence and his personal courage. From this
period dates the origin of their monarchical government which proceeded
thus to the time of Ugnand 4,044 years prior to this the 40th year
of the Divine Era.^ Ugnand fell by the hand of Balbhadra, the elder
brotber of Kishan in the battle fought at Mathura betweau Kishan and
JarasandTia rajd of Beh^r. Bamddara (his son), to revenge his death march-
ed against some of the relations of Kishan who were hastening to a marriage
festival in l^andahdr, and was killed fighting on the banks of the 8ind,
His wife being then pregnant and the astrologers foretelling that it would
prove a son, Kishan bestowed on him the government of the province.
Thirty-five princes succeeded, but through their tyranny their names are
no more remembered. When Lavah ascended the throne, justice was uni-
versally administered and deeds met their just recognition. He founded in
Kdmraj the great city of Lavapur the ruins of which are still to be traced
It is said to have held 800,000,000 houses. As the sage* of Oanjah well says :
Hoase linked to hoase fnom Ispahan to Rai
Like jointed canes, I've hoard, stretch ooantlessly.
So that a oat might trace the distant span
Prom roof to roof twixt Rai and Ispahan j
Bnt if the tale my credit dofch belio,
The teller is its surety, faith not I.
» See p. 15 of this Vol.
• According to TieffoTithaler, he was
called " Cashapmir, from Cashapa grand-
son of Brahma and -m^r, a mountain or
hahitation." Baber mentions in his Me-
moirs that the hill country along the
opper course of the Indus was formerly
inhabited by a race called Kds from whom
he conjectures that Kashmir received its
name. The Kaaia regio of Plolemy ap-
plies to the race and seems to confirm
his oonjecture. Kasyapa was the son
of Marichi the sou of Brahmi, and was
father of Vivaswat the father of Mann.
His name signifies a tortoise which
form he assumed as Prajapati, the
father of all, and had a large share in
the work of creation. He was one of
the seven great Rishis Dowson.
• Ah the 40th year of Akbar's reign
IS A. H. 1003, commencing 5th Deo.
J 594 and ending 25th Nov. 1595 A. D.
the date of Ugnand would be B. C.
2449.
* Shaikh Niz6mi, who was bom in
that town. The lines occur in the Haft
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382
When the succession devoWed on Asoka the son of Janaka*s paternal
nncle, he abolished the Brahminical religion and .established the Jain &ith.^
His personal virtues adorned his reign, and his son Bdjd Jaloka was
distinguished for his justice, and his conquests were limited only by the
ocean. On his return from Kanauj^ then the capital of Hindustan, he
brought with him a number of learned and enlightened men and of these
his sagacity and perception of worth selected seven individuals. To one
of them he entrusted the administration of justice; to another the revenue
department ; to a third the finances ; to a fourth the superintendence of th«
troops ; the fifth took charge of the department of commerce ; the sixth
controlled the material resources of the state, and the seventh interpreted
the mysteries of the stars. He had also a knowledge of alchemy. It is
said that a huge serpent ministered to his commands, mounted upon which
be could descend below water for a long space. Sometimes he appeared as
an old man, and at other times, as a youth, and marvellous tales are related
of him. Buddhism became prevalent about this time.
Damodar (II) is said by some to have been one of the descendants of
Asoka. He was a pious devout prince but was transformed into a snake
through the curse of an ascetic. In the reign of Bdjd Nara the Br^hmans
prevailed over the Buddhists and levelled their temples to the ground.
Bdjd Mihirkal was a shameless tyrant, but by the strange freaks of for-
tune he made extensive conquests. As he was once returning homevrards
by the pass of Hastibhanj, an elephant lost its footing, and its screama and
Taikar, one of the Khamsah or Five poems
of Nizimi. The other four are the
Makhzani Asrdr, JTAusrau tea Bhirin^
Zaila wa Majnitn, and the Sikandar
Ndmah, Some copies have the Khirad
Nimah (Aristotle's instmctions to Alex-
ander) instead of the Haft Faihar.
I The origin, history and sects of the
Jains are sketched in H. G. Briggs' Cities
of Gujarashtara. Prof. Wilson remarks
that their faith was introduced into the
peninsula about the 7th century A. D. ;
Col.- Sykes thinks about the 4th. It is
closely allied to Buddhism, though the
Jains assert it to be long anterior. Sir
W. Hunter defines Jainism as Buddhism
equipped with a mythology of saints and
narrowed in its practical aspects from a
national religion to suit the exclusive
requirements of a sect. According to
one view, the Jains are a remnant of the
Indian Buddhists who saved themselves
from extinction by oompromises with
Hinduism and erected themselves into
a separate caste. Another view repre-
sents them as the unbroken succession
of the Nigantha sect of the Asoka
edicts. The Buddhism of Asoka (244
B. C.) is said to be a later product than
the Jain doctrines. The I. G. refers to
the modem literature of the snbjeot in
Mr. Ed. Thomas' Jainism or the Earlp
faith of Asoka, Mr. Bhys David's article
in The Academy of 18th Sept. 1879 ; and
Numismata Oi-ientala (Ceylon fasoioalas)
pp. 66, 60. (Trftbner, 1877.)
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383
manner of &lling caused him such amusement that he ordered a handred ele-
phants to be precipitated in a similar manner. From this circumstance the
pass received its name hasti signifying elephant, and bhanj,^ injury. Daring
his reign, a large rook blocked up the ferry of a river, and, however much
it was cut away, it yet increased again during the night to its ordinary
dimensioos. Remedies were proposed in vain. At length a voice came
forth intimating that if touched by the hand of a chaste woman, the rock
would displace itself. Time after time it was touched by women in soc-
ceasion, and when no effect was produced, he ordered the women to be put
to death for incontinence, the children for bastardy, and the husbands for
consenting to the evil, until three krors of human beings were massacred.
The miracle was at length effected by the hand of a chaste woman, a potter
by trade and caused great wonder. The Bajd being afflicted by various
diseases, burnt himself to death.
Bdjd QopaMt possessed considerable learning and his justice in-
creased the extent of his sway. The slaughtering of animals was forbidden
throughout his domiuions and high and low abstained from eating flesh.
The temple which now stands on Solomon^s Hill was built by his minister.
Bdjd Jf4di$hthira in the beginning of his rule administered the state
with an impartial hand, but in a short space through his licentious con-
duct and intimacy with base associates, his subjects became extranged from
him, and the kings of Hindust&n and Tibet were arrayed against him.
The chiefs of Kashmir threw him into prison.
During the reign of Bdjd Tanjir (Banjir) snow fell when the sun was
in Leo (July, August). The crops were destroyed and a terrible famine
threw the country into disorder.
Bdjd Jayandra possessed a minister wise, loyal and virtuous, and
Toid of levity and dissimulation. His equals bore him envy and the wick-
ed at heart but specious in appearance sought his ruin and undermined his
influence bj underhand misrepresentations. As princes are on these occa-
sions apt to eiT and do not investigate closely, forgetful of former ex-
periences of what envy can effect, the minister was overthrown, and
* In Sanskrit vi[ or ^Y— deBtmction,
loss, injury. See p. 847 — The Governor
of Jammn informs me that this word does
not occur in the body of the Bdj Taran-
gini, as Br. Stein who is editing the
Sanskrit text has shown him, but where
the mention of this elephant story is
mado, there is a margfinal gloss in Dr.
Stein's MS. in which it is stated that
the spot where the accident took place
is still known by the name of Hasti-
bhanj or bhenj. There is no doubt
therefore that the Hasti Watar of the
text is incorrect.
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baDished iu disgrace. His strange destiny, however, did not deprive him
of his composure. He allowed not grief to encompass him, but gladdened
his days with cheerfulness of heai't. His wicked enemies represented him
as aiming at the throne, and the Bdjd, ignorant of the real facts, ordered
him to be impaled. After some time had elapsed, his spiritual preceptor
happened to pass that way and read on the frontal bone of his skull that
he was destined to disgrace and imprisonment and to be impaled, but that
he should again come to life and obtain the sovereignty. Amazed at learn-
ing this, he took down the body and secretly kept it and continued in
supplication to the Almighty. One night the spirits gathered round and
by their incantations restored the corpse to life. In a short time he sue- •
ceeded to the throne, but his experience of life soon induced him to with-
draw into retirement.
Megavdhan was renowned for his virtues and gave peace and security
to Hindustan as far as the borders of the ocean. After the death of Riijd
Hiran without issue, the chiefs of Kashmir paid allegiance to Rdjd
Btkramdjit the ruler of Hindustan. Mujd Matrigupta was a learned
Kashmiri Brdhman. Bikramdjit profited by his wisdom but did not advance
his temporal interests. He, however, gave him a sealed letter to convey
to Kashmir and furnishing him with a small sum of money for his expenses
as he started, despatched him on his mission. The Brahman set out with
a heavy heart. On his arrival in Kashmir, the letter was opened. It ran
thus. * The bearer has rendered important services at my Court and has
experienced many reverses of fortune. On the receipt of this letter, let
the government of the country be entrusted to him, and be this mandate
obeyed under fear of the royal displeasure.' The chiefs met in council and
.yielded their submission.
B'ijd Pravarasina had withdrawn from the country and lived in re-
tirement in Hindustan. A devout and enlightened servant of God pre-
dicted to him the good tidings of his future elevation to a throne. On
the faith of this, he went to Nagarkdt and possessed himself of that place.
On hearing of the death of Bikramdjit, Matrigupta abdicated and setting out
for Benares lived in seclusion. PravarasSna was universally distinguished
for his justice and liberality. He founded Sriuagar^ the capital of the
* The old capital previous to the
erection of Pravaras^napnra ia stated to
have been founded by Asoka (Rdj
Tarangini, i, 104,) (B 0. 268—226). It
stood on the site of the present Pdndre-
than and is said to have extended along
the bank of the river from the foot of
the TuJcht i Sulaimdn to Fdntusok, a dis-
tance of more than three miles. It was
still the capital iu the reign of Pravara-
s^na J, towards the end of the 5th century
when the king erected a famous symbol
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country and rendered it populous during his reign with 600,000 houses.
With surpassing munificence he sent to Mdtrigupta the aggregate of eleven
years' revenue of Kashmir which that personage bestowed upon the indigent.
Bdjd Randdilya was a just prince and made many conquests. In the neigh-
bourhood of Kishtawiir near the river Ohenab, he entered a cave with all
his family and many of his courtiers, and was seen no more ; many strange
legends are related regarding him. Bdjd Bdldditya invaded Hindustan and
extended his dominions to > the borders of the sea.
In the reign of Itdjd Ghandrajpifa the wife of a Brdhman appeared
to him claiming justice, saying, that her husband had been killed and the
murderer was undiscovered. He asked her if she suspected any ono, to
wliich she replied that her husband was of an amiable disposition and had
no enemy, but that he often had disputations on points of philosophy
with a certain person This man was brought up but strenuously denied
the accusation, and the complainant would not accept an ordeal by fire or
water lest the man should employ some supernatural means of escaping it.
The R^ja in his perplexity could neither eat nor sleep. An enlightened
eage appearing to him in a vision taught him an incantation to be uttered
over rice- meal scattered about, upon which the suspected person was to
walk. If the footsteps of two people were observed as he passed over it, he
was not to be suffered to escape. Through this suggestion the truth was
discovered and punishment duly meted out. But as a Brdhman could not
be put to death, an iron image of a man without a head was made and his
forehead branded therewith.
Rdjd LcUitdditya devoted himself to the prosperity of his kingdom and
in the strength of the divine aid overran Irdn, Turan, Fars, Hindustan,
Eha^a, and the whole habitable globe, and administered his dominions with
justice. He died in the mountains of the north, and it is said that he was
turned into stone by the curse of an ascetic, but others relate the story
differently.
Bdjd Jaydpira reached a lofty pitch of glory and his conquests were
extensive. Ninety-nino thousand nine hundred and ninety- nine horses
were bestowed by him in charity at Benares, and liis gifts to the poor were
on the same munificent scale. He asked of the elders whether the army of
his grandfather Lalitaditya or his own were the larger. They answered that
of the god Siva, named after himself
Pravareswara, The new capital was built
by Pravaras^na, II, in the beginning of
the 6th century. Anct. Gcog. India,
p. 97. Neither the text nor the U. T.
49
mention two homonymous monarohs;
This epoch given by Cunningham shows
that they must have followed in close
succession, and a single name has
possibly been by error duplicated.
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his contained bat 80,000 litters, whereas 126,000 of such conveyances were
arrayed under his grandfather's standard, by which proportion he might
judge of the numerical strength of his other retinue. When he had pro-
ceeded some distance on his march of conquest, his brother-in-law, Jajja^
who was in Kashmir disputed the throne. The nobles of the king, in
anxious fear for their wives and children, betrayed him and preferred
their outward reputation before their true honour. The Rdja hastened
alone to Bengal, and with the aid of troops from that country, repossessed
himself of his kingdom, Jajja being slain in battle.
Bdjd Lalitdpifa took low companions into favour and associated with
buffoons, and his wise councillors withdrew from the court. His minister
finding remonstrance of no avail, retired from office.
Bdjd Sankar Vantid conquered Gujardt and Sind, and overran the
Deccan, but left it in the possession of its ruler. Although in the begin-
ning of his reign he followed a virtuous course, he lacked perseverance.
The intoxication of worldly prosperity plunged him into every vice.
During the reign of Bdjd Jasaskardeva, a Bi'dhman lost a purse of a
hundred gold mohurs. Under the impulse of violent grief he resolved to
make away with himself. The thief hearing of this, asked him how much
he would be satisfied to take, if he discovered the purse. The Brahman
answered, " Whatever you please." The thief ofEered him ten mohurs. The
Br&hman, sore at heart, appealed to the Braja who inquired into the case,
and sending for the thief ordered him to restore ninety mohurs^ intending
by this, that the amount the thief desired to keep for himself, should be the
portion of the Br&hman.
In the reign of " Sinhadeva^ a Mu^mmadan named Shih Amir who
traced his descent to Arjnn the Pandava was in the royal service. About
this time Dalju the chief commander under the king of ^andah&r,
attacked and plundered the kingdom. The Bdjd took refuge in the
mountain passes and levied forcible contributions on the people, and sent
them to him and entreated him as a supplicant. The invader withdrew,
dreading the severity of the weather, and many of his troops perished
in the snow. About the same time also, Binjan^ the son of the ruler of
Tibet invaded the country which was reduced to great distress. On the
death of the Bij4, the sovereignty devolved on Binjan who was distin-
guished for his munificence. He appointed Shah Mir his minister whose
religion, through intimacy and association with him, he eventually
adopted.
When Bdjd Adindeva died, the aforesaid Sh&h Mir by specious flat-
tery and intriguing, married his widow. In the year 742, A H. (1341-2,
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A. D.) he caused the hhuthah to be read, and the coin to be minted in
his own name and assumed the title of Shamsu^ddin and levied a tax of
one-sixth on all imports into Kashmir. It had been revealed to him in a
dream that he would obtain the sovereignty of the kingdom.^
Salfdn Aldu'ddln issued an ordinance that an unchaste woman should
not inherit of her husband.
Stdfdn Shahdbuddin encouraged learning and proclaimed an equal
administration of the laws. Nagarkdt, Tibet and other places were over-
mn by him.
During the reign of Sulfdn Kuthu*dd(n Mir Sayyid iJLli Hamaddni
arrived in Kashmir and was received with great favour.
Sulfdn Bikcmdar was a rigid follower of religious tradition and a bi-
got. He overthrew idolatrous shrines and persecuted people not of his
faith. During his reign, Timdr invaded Hindustdn and sent him two
elephants. Sikandar desired to pay his homage to that conqueror, but on
his road to the interview he learnt that it was reported in Tlmtir's camp
that the sovereign of Kashmir was bringing with him a present of a thou-
sand horses. Concerned at the untruthfulness of this rumour he returned
and sent his excuses.* AH Sh6h appointed (his brother) Zainu'l Adbidin
regent in his stead and set out for Hijdz. By the persuasion of foolish
B^nd evil advi6ers^ and through inconstancy of purpose, he returned with
the view of recovering his authority in Kashmir and aided by the Rajd
of Jammu he took possession of the kingdom. Zainu'l A^bidin set out for
* Saoh is the literal translation ac-
cording to the panctaation of the text
which I Buspect is in error. Ferishta
states that Shamsu'ddin abolished the
exactions of his predecessors and having
repaired the ruin, caused by the inva-
sion and exactions of DaljUf by written
orders fixed the revenue at Jth of the
produce. The readings of Gladwin and
the 8. al M. here complete the sentence
and continue, that before he came to
Kashmir, it was revealed to him in a
dream that he should obtain the king-
dom. I have little doubt that this is the
correct division of the sentences. A full
stop should follow •i^ and ^^1j\
should be preceded by the word U^
inadvertently omitted, but retained by
Gladwin and S. ul M. The text would
then run as follows *' Assumed the title
of Shamsu'ddin and fixed the revenue
at one-sixth of the produce. Before his
arrival in Kashmir, it had boea revealed
to him in a dream that he would obtain
Ac."
• Ferishta relates this circumstance
with detail, somewhat curtailed by
Briggs.
• These, states Ferishta, were his
father-in-law the Jammu Rdjd, and the
chief of Rm'auri, who dissuaded him from
abandoning his authority and abdicating
in favour of his brother. Finding that
without their help, his restoration could
not be effected thoy reinstated him by
force.
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the Punjab and joined Jasrat; of the Khokhar^ tribe Ah' Shah collecting
a large armj advanced into the Pnnjdb and a great battle took place in
which i^li Shah was defeated and fell into obscurity while Zainul Adbidin
recovered the sovereignty of Kashmir. Jasrat leaving Kashmir advanced
against Delhi but defeated by Sul^n Bahlol Lodi retreated to Kashmir
and with the assistance of an ai*my from its monarch, conqaered the
Panjab.
Zainn*l Adbidin overran Tibet and Sind. He was a wise prince,
devoted to philosophical studies and it was his fortune to enjoy universal
peace. He was regarded by high and low as a special servant of Qod and
venerated as a saint. He was credited with the power of divesting himself
of his corporeal form, and he foretold that under the dynaaty of the Chdks^
the sovereignty of Kashmir would be transferred from that fiamily to the
monarchs of Hindustan, which prediction after a period of years was ac-
complished. His benevolence and love of his people induced him to abo-
lish the capitation tax {levied on other than Muslims) and to prohibit the
slaughtering of cows, as well as penalties and presents of all kinds. He
added somewhat to the measure of the Jarib. His private revenues were
drawn from copper mines. He often personally administered medicinal
remedies* and resolved all difficult undertakings with ease. Robbers were
employed in chained gangs on public works. His gentleness of disposition
dissuaded men from the pursuit of game, and he himself eat no flesh meat.
He caused many works to be translated from the Arabic, Persian,
Kashmiri and Sanskrit languages. During his reign musicians from Persia
and Turkestan flocked to his court ; among them Mulla IJudi the imme-
^ According to FeriBhtti Jasrat Shaikha
OhaJcar imprisoned by Timor in Samar-
kand, oscoped and fonnded or acqnired
a principality in tho Panjab. Zaina'l
Aabidfn with his aid defeated ^\i Shdh
who, according to one account was taken
prisoner by Jasrat, and to another was
expelled from Kashmir by his snccessfnl
brother. Mention of Jasrat oocars in
Ferishta nnder Bahlol Lodi, and Zainn'l
Ailbidfn, he says, on his accession fitted
oat an army nnder Jasrat for the con-
quest of Delhi and the Punjdb. Unable
to cope with Bahlol Lodi at Delhi, he,
however, possessed himself of the
Punjab. This freebooter g^ave consider-
able trouble to the Sayyid dynasty and
held his own against Bahlol Lodi when
that chief governed Multan under Sayyid
Muhammad. See Vol. I, 456, n. for the
Gakkhars (as it is there spelt) and the
reference to Delmerick's history of this
tribe.
• Ferishta says that for the en-
couragement of the study of medicine,
he specially favoured Sri Bhat an emi-
nent physician, by whose advice, the
Br&hmans, expelled under Sikander the
Ironoclast, were recalled. Briggs has
been too sparing in his extracts of this
reign of the most celebrated among Mos-
lem monarchs of Kashmir. Wearied
with his long task, the gaps are greater
as he approaches its completion.
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399
diate pupil of tlie faraons Khw^jah Abdn'l ^Cadir arrived from Khnrds.'iit,
and Mulla Jamil who in singing and painting was preeminent among his
contemporanes. Saltan Aba S^id Mirza sent him presents of Arab horses
and dromedaries from Kharasan and Bahlol Lodi king of Delhi and Sultan
Mahmtid of Gujarat were in friendly alliance with him.
Stdfdn Hasan, collecting an army invaded the Punjab and encounter-
ing Tatar^ Khdn (Lodi) in several actions devastated the country.
In the reign of Fath Shdh, Mir Shamsu'ddin one of the disciples of
Shdh Kasim Anwar,* came from Irdk and promulgated the Nur Bakshi
doctrines, from which period date the dissensions between Sunnis and
Shi{is in this country.
During the third reign of Muhammad 8hdh when he recovered the
kingdom by the help of Sul^dn Sikandar (Lodi of Delhi), B4ber invaded
Hindustan.
During Sulfdn Ibrahim*8 domination, Abdul Mdkri^ represented to
Sultan B^ber that Kashmir might be conquered with little diflficulty.
Shaikh ^^li Beg, Mul^ammad Khdn and Mahmtid Khdn were therefore
despatched to that country and obtained some success but the inti-igues of
the people prevented a settlement and they returned with gifts and pi'e-
sents and Ndzuk Shah succeeded to the government. Under the reign of
* The Delhi governor of the Panjdb
and the conntry nt the foot of the hills.
Briggs mistranslates his anthor here,
and makes Tdtar Khnn penetrate into
Jarama and sack Sinlkot, whereas
Ferishta snjs that the Kashmir troops,
under Malik Bari Bhat fonght Tatar
Khan, ravaged his country and pinnder-
ed Siilkdt.
' Ferishta places the accession of
Fat^^ Shah in A. H. 894 (A. D. 1488-9),
about which time occurred the arrival
of Shah Kasim son of Sayyid Muhammad
2fur Bahshy and the estubliahmont of his
doctrines as the prevailing creed. All
religioaa grants and places of worship
^ere made over to this sect, among the
most iilnstrions converts to which were
the Chak tribe. Their proselytes were
very numerous, but the esoteric doctrines
of Mir Shamsn'ddin being beyond the
oomprehension of some of them, on the
death of this apostle, they fell into
heresy or reverted to paganism. Briggs
ornaments his page with the ceremony
and explanation of the " cup of gpraoo *'
given to the proselytes. It may be
trne, but Ferishta does not allude to it.
• He was the son of Ibrahim Mikri
who was minister in chief to Mnl^ammad
Shdh during his second reign. Abd&l
Makri his son played a considerable part
in the stirring events of this time and
was eventually driven from court by the
intrigues of the minister Malik K^ji.
llo wont to India and incited Baber to
the conquest of Kashmir. Fearing that
the inhabitants would be opposed to the
foreign rule of the Mughals, the en-
thronement of N^zuk the son of Ibrahim
was adopted as a pretext to conciliate
the Kashmiris, who, on his instalment in
authority, dismissed the troops of Bdber
with conciliatory gifts.
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Muhammad Shnh for the fonrth time, the emperor Hamiytjn ascended
the throne of Delhi, and when Mirzd Kdrndln^ was at Lahor, the officers
formerly despatched to Kashmir (AH Beg and Muhammad Eh4n) per-
suaded him that Kashmir could be taken with little trouble.* The Mirzi
therefore, despatched Marram (Beg) Kpkah with a body of troops to that
country which they occupied. Massacres were frequent and their intolera-
ble tyranny drove the people to rise till the Mughal chiefs sued for terms
and withdrew. In the year A. H. 930, (1523-4) by command of Sultan
Said Khdn of Kdshghar, his son Sikandar Khin and Mirz4 Haidar* ad-
vanced into Kashmir at the head of 10,000 troops by way of Tibet and Lar,
and taking an enormous booty retired after a short time under terms of
peace. In the year A. H. 948 (1541-2) Mirza Haidar, by command of Ha-
mdytin a second time entered Kashmir, guided by some of the natives of that
country, as has been related in former accounts, and took possession of a
part of Great Tibet. K4ji Cbak came to Hindustan and bringing with
him the aid of an army from Sher Khdn, engaged Mirz^ Haidar but was
defeated. The Mirz^ won over the Kashmiris by peaceful and conciliatory
measures, so that he succeeded in having the Khuthah read and the coin
minted in the name of Humiiytin, the Kashmiris having previously read
the Khuthah in the name of Ndzuk Sh&h.
At the present time under the sway of His Imperial Majesty it is the
secure and happy abode of many nationalities, including natives of Persia
and Turkestan as well as of Kashmir.
Sarhdr of PaklL
Its length is 35 and its breadth 25 kos. It is bounded on the east by
Kashmir^ on the north by Katdr,^ on the south by the territory of the
GakharSj* and on the west by Afak Bendres. Timur left a few troops to
• Brother of the Emperor, governor
of Kabul and Kandahir, to whom
Hamaytin had ceded the government of
the Pnnjdb and the Indos frontier.
• See Vol. I, pp 460-1, for a slight
notice of this historian, poet, and prince
who governed Kashmir for ten years.
The events of his reign are condensed
by Briggs under the name of the im-
potent Ndzuk, who is as unworthy of
the preference as are the reasons by
which Briggs, fegainst the authority of
Terishta, supports it.
• Var. Ki(5r, Kan6r. T. Katour. G.
Kinore. Erskine says (p. 144) that
Eattor or Kat6r is a place of note in the
Kafirist&n country, but in the maps
Kunar occupies a corresponding position.
♦ " The Gakar chiefs hold the lower
valley of the Jhelum and the upper
course of the Haro river to the S. W. of
Kashmir. They are all Muharamadans,
but their conversion is comparatively
recent as their names were Indian down
to the invasion of Timnr. Their occu-
pation of these districts is of very early
date ; but they are Turanians and not
Arians, as none but a Gakar will inter-
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801
hold this tract, and their descendants remain there to this day. Snow lies
perpetually on these mountains and at times falls on the plaius.^ The
period of winter is longer than the summer. The rainfall is somewhat
similar to Hindustan. It is watered by three rivers, the Kishan Oanga^
the Bihat and the Sindh, The language of the country dilEers from that
of Kashmir, Hindustan or Zdbulistdn. Vetches and barley are the princi-
pal crops. Apricots, peaches and walnuts g^ow wild, it not being the custom
to plant fruit trees. Game and horses, camels and buffaloes are of middling
account : goats and poultry, plentiful. The rulers of this district generally
paid tribute to EZashmir.
Sarkdrof Satvdd (Siodt).
It comprises three districts, those of Bimbar, Stodt and Bajaur, The
first is 16 kos long by 12 broad and is bounded by Pakli on the east, Kator
and Kdshghar^ on the north, Afak Benares on the south and 8wdt on the
west. Two roads approach it from Hindustan, viz.f the Sherkhdnt^ pass
and the Balandart* Kotal ; although both routes are difficult to traverse,
the first is the more rugged.
The second district (Sw^t) is 40 Jeds in length by 5 to 15 in breadth.
On the east lies Bimhar ; to the north Katdr (Kunar) and Kdshghar ;
to the south Bigrdm^ and on the west Bajaur, It possesses many defiles.
Near the Damghdr^ pass which leads to Kdshghar is the town of Mangldr^
many with a Oakar, a practice repog-
naot to HindoiBin which permits no man
to marry one of his own tribe. They
also oocnpj several portions of the E.
Dodb, as Goliilna near Gnjar Kh&n, and
Bogiil nnder the lofty hill of Balnith.
Bat these districts do not properly be-
long to the hills, although they were
snbject to Kashmir at the time of Hwen
Thsang's visit in the seventh century."
Anct. Geog. Ind. p. 132.
* I would amend the punctuation of
the text, placing a stop after *l^ *l^.
' By Kisbghar cannot be meant the
well-known town of E. Tarkestiln which
is too far removed, but Chitral or
Kishkar, which, according to Erskine,
( Biter's Memoirs) is a corruption of
Kashghar with the territory of which it
was long included, the name having
survived the dominion. The Kaaia or
Ahhasaa regio of Ptolemy beyond Mount
Imaus has perhaps given its name to
both KAshghar and Kashmir.
• Var. Sarjani, Sarkhani.
• Var. Malandari, Makandari ; a mar-
ginal gloss has Bulandi. VoL I, p. 344,
Balandri. Kotal signifies the crest of a
defile.
• This name is said by Cunningham
(p. 29) to signify " the city " par ex-
cellence and is applied to 3 other ancient
sites near Kabul, Jal^Ub&d and Pesha-
war. Masson derives the name from tho
Turki 6i or 60 "chief" and the Hind
grdrrif a hybrid to which Cunningham
prefers the simpler Sanscrit prefix in
vijrdtna.
• Var. *^^ ^J^ or ^jiMj »j^.
^ This was the capital of Udyana, the
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the residence of the governor. It is entered by two rontes from Hindastan,
tiz., the passes of Malkand Baj^ and Sherkhdnah. It has no extremes of
heat or cold, and though snow falls, it does not lie in the plains for more
than three or four days ; in the mountains it is perpetual. It is spring-
time here during the peiiodical rains of Hindustan. Rainfall occurs and
the spring and autumn are very delightful. Its flora are those of Tur-
kestan and India, wild violets and narcissus covering the meadows, and
various kinds of fruit trees grow wild. Peaches and pears are excellent,
and fine hawks and falcons are obtained. It also possesses an iron mine.
The third district (Bajaur) is 25 kos in length by 5 to 10 in breadth.
On the east lies 8wdt, on the north Kator and Kdshghar, on the south
Bigrdmy and on the west Kuner (and) Ndrkil.^ Numerous passes lead from
Kabul.
An ancient mausoleum* exists here, and there is a strong fortress
which is said to be the residence of the governor. Amir Sayyid Ali
HamadAni died here and his body was conveyed to Kkutldn* by his last
testament. Its climate is similar to that of Swat, bat the extremes of cold
and heat are gi-eater. It has only three roads, one from Hindustan
called Ddnishkoh and two from Kabul, one called Samaj and the other
Kuner and Nurkil, the easiest of these being Bdnishkol. Adjoining this
and between the mountains and the Indus and Kabul rivers, is a plain, 30
kos in length by 20 to 25 kos in breadth.
The whole of this tract of hill and plain is the domain of the Yusufzai
clan. In the time of Mirzd Ulugh Beg of Kabul, they migrated from
Sanskrit name for the modem districts
of Panjkora, Bajaur, Swdt and Buu^r.
It is mentioned by Hwen Thsang as
Mung-kie-li or Mangala, probably the
Mangora of Wilford*s surveyor and the
Manglora of General Court's map. It
^as about 24 miles in circuit and very
populous. Anct. Geog. Ind. p. 82.
» Var. Malkand, Sher Kh6n; MaUk
Ranj or Rfkh.
• Erskine states that K^ner and Mrgil
form another Tuman situated in the
midst of Kafiristdn which forms its
boundary. Niirgil, says Bdber, lies on
the west and Kuner on the east of the
Chegh&n sardi or Kamoh river, p. U3.
• The text is here in the hesitancy of
uncertain readings and makes fact or
sense of none. Baler removes the
doubt. The word Jt)«> should be trans-
ferred from the bottom of p. 585 to the
top of p. 586, and a stop placed after
fj^^^^. The word *^ according to
the Burhdn i ICdti is equivalent to the
arabicized form ^-
* Var. Jilan, but Bfiber confirms
Khutlan. Hamaddni, he says, died one
farsang higher up than Kuner, and his
disciples carried him to Khutldn. A
mausoleum is erected on the spot where
he died and in the year 920 (15U)
Baber ciroumambulatod his tomb, near
which are groves of orange and citron,
p. 14.4.
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EAbul to this territory and wrested it from the Snlt^^ns who affected to be
descended from a daughter of Alexander Bicomntns. It is said that this
monarch left some of his treasures in these parts with a few of his kindred
and to this day the descendants of this band dwell in these moontains and
affect to show their genealogical descent from Alexander.^
Under the |»resent OTer-during Imperial sway, of the lawless inhabi*-
tants of this country, some have been put to deaths others imprisoned, while
some happily dwell under their tribal rule.
Sarkdr of Dattr, Banu^ and Isakhel.
This territory is to the south-east of Kdbulf and is inhabited entirely
by Afghans. It is the principal settlement of the Shir4ni| EaradLni and
Waziri tribes.
Sarkdr of ^andahdr.
It is situated in the thixd climate. Its length from Kaldt Banjdrah to
(?W and Oharjistdrfi is 300 hos : its breadth from Sind to Farah is 260 kos.
On its east lies Sind ; to the north Qhdr and QharjUtdn ; on the south Siwi^
and on the west Farah; Kdbul and Ohaznin on the north-east. Its
mountains are covered with perpetual snow Which seldom falls in the
city.
Eighteen dtndrs^ make a tumdn^ and each iumdn is equivalent to 800
* See Slphinsione'B Cabal. App. 0.
p. 617.
* I am indebted to the critical aon-
men of Pandit Badha Kishan, governor
of Jammn, for hia ingenions emendation
of the faulty text. The two first names
ef the three are jumbled together into
one with a misplaoement of the diaori-
tioal points in all the variants. The
alteration required to clear the diffionlty
was simple, bat its simplicity anobserved»
as is osoallj the case, antil after the
disooyery. Isakhail is still a tahail of
Bana district, and Daar is independent
territory. The ooantry which the
Isakhail, according to Baber, shared with
the Kerani, Kivi, Siir andNidzi Afghins,
has Chanp&rali and the Indus to the southy
Dinkdt on the east, and on the west the
Desht, called also Bdzdr and T&k. After
50
the sack of Koh^t, Baber attacked the
Isakhails who fled to the Chanpdrah
hills, and following them ap stormed
their songart. Seep. 160. But all through
his operations in Bana, Biber nses W.
for S. and the other points of the com-
pass aooordii^ly. Hence we have oil
the B. Ohanp&rah and Sind, Dinkot on
the N. and Desht or Dam^ on the S.
Brskine.
* See Vol. I, p. 881. Its Umits are
defined by Brskine, (p. 152), within
Herat on the west^ Farah on the south
and Qhor on the east, and the reader is
referred to Silvestre de Saci's Mines de
I'Orient., Vol. I, p. 821 for a learned
dissertation on its position.
^ See Yol. I, p. Si. Brskine's note on
the tumdn (p. 61} is at fault through his
not knowing its varying ieooi values
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dams. The tumdn of Khar&s4n is equal in value to 30 rupees and the
^wmin of WV to 40.
Grain is for the most part taken in kharwdrs, the kharwdr being
equivalent to 40 ^andahiri man, or 10 of Hindustan.
The capital of the district is Eiandahdr. Its longitude is 107^^ 40',
and the latitude 33^ 40'. It has two forts. The summer heats are ex-
treme and the cold in winter is inconsiderable, but the ice-pits are filled in
December and January. Once in three or four years a fall of snow occurs
and is hailed with delight. Flowers and fruits are in abundance. Its
wheat is extremely white, and is sent as a present of value to distant
countries. At a distance of five hSs is a hill called Aehdarkoh (the Dragon
Hill) in which is a wonderful cave known as the Cave of Jamshtd, People
enter with lighted lamps, but the oppression of its atmosphere prevents ex-
ploration of its extent. Eight kSs from Kdldt is a large mountain in the
side of which is a huge cave called Ohdr % Shdh (the King's Cave).
Within it are two natural columns, one of which touches the roof of the
cave and is 30 yards high. Water flows down it and enters a basin at its
foot. The other is 11 yards in height. The waters of the Hirmand
(Helmand) which rises between Balkh, and Kabul, flow in this direction
along the skirts* of the mountains. The meaning of Hirmand is ' abound-
ing in blessings.' Mauldnd Mtdnu*ddtn in his history of Khur£s&n records
that it feeds a thousand streams. At a distance of 16 kos is a mountain,
at the base of which is an area of land called Nattl^^ formerly full of water-
courses, where melons are grown in great quantity and perfection. The
mountain has sevei^al clear springs. There is also an iron-mine, and at the
foot of the mountain is an iron-foundry for the smelting of the ore, a work
of ancient times.
West of Kandahar is a long torrid tract of country, {Oarms(r)
through which flows the Hirmand. One side of it touches the Ddtoar^
wbioh would aoooont for the diverse
reckonings of Tavernier, Ohardin and
Delia Yalle. Mandelsloe mnst be wrong
in making the zecchin ^ 9 rnpees, near-
ly doable its gold value in silver at a
time when the rate for the conversion
of the rupee was as in Akbar's day, 8 or
9 to the £.
» Var. 170. Properly, long. 66^ SC
B., lat. 81^37' N.
' ^andah&r is in a plain on the left
bank of the Arghand^b which falls into
the Don, a tributary of the Helmund.
It is separated from the Arghandib by
a rang^ of mountains.
* Yar. TauU, Tabsal, Batsal, Bansanil,
Bambal.
* See Vol. I, Geog. Index for this tract
as Gfarmstr and under Ddwar, and Elphin-
Btone. Cihal. pp. 186-187.
Zamin Ddwar lies west of the Hel-
mand below the hills or as firskine
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8d5
territory, and on the other Sistdn. There are many forts and much cultiva-
tion on both sides of the river. In this neighbourhood once stood a large
City, the residence of the Sultans of Ghor, and many ruins still exist of
the palaces of its ancient kings.
Between the Hirmand and ](Candah4r is the welh known city of Mai"
mandy described in old astronomical tables.
Wheat and barley are called SafSdbariA The jar{b of sixty (square)
yards is used for measurements, but they reckon 30 yards of this according
to the Hijdii jarib, each yard of 24J digits, the gaz there in use ; equal
altogether to 54 gaz of ^andahdr. In the exchequer, out of every ten
hhanvdrs, two are taken for the minister of finance on account of revenue
and jihdt cesses. Cultivation is reckoned under seven heads. In the
registers, the best kind of land is marked with an a and calculating the
produce of each jdrib at 3 kharwdrSf 24 man are taken as revenue. Thus :
No.
Kind of land.
Distinguishing
Mark
Produce in
Khafwdra.
Beveuue in man.
Best.
8
24
Best and Medinm.
2*
20
Medium.
2
16
Medinm and Poor.
^ ^
H
12
Poor.
<>
1
8
Poor and Poorest.
«> J«>
80 man.
6
Poorest.
.^.^
8
4
But if the husbandman is incapable of sustaining this class of assess-
ment, the produce is divided into three heaps, two of which are taken by
the tenant, and the third is again subdivided into three shares, two* of
which go to the revenue depai'tment and the third is charged to incidental
expenses.
defines it elsewhere, on the right bank of
the Helmand reaching from Jirbesha
under the Hazira hills to the Helmand.
' Var. and G. safddtari, I am disposed
to tbiDk the marginal reading correct
and that it signifies white crops in con-
tradistinction to the sahzbari or green
crops that follow lower down, though it
is not easy to see why rice should be
relegated to the green, rather than the
white class. There are, however, two
kinds of shdli rice, the white requiring
deep water and the red needing only a
moist soil.
' I read J«> for^ an evident error.
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89S
Tbe reyeQue Irom gmpes also i» taken by agreement and by pil-
ing a special rajke. In the latter oaee ezperta appraiae the average
enttnm of tibe yinejard ai^l exact 4 bdbene$ lor each hharwir. Under
the reigns of Bilber and Hnm&jiin the rate was fixed at 2 IMerig and
4 tang<khs^ The hdberi is ooike miiidV weight and 2^ are equivalent to the
mpee. Besides these three (wheat, barley, gfi^>e8X npoa nine oth^
articles called saitharif 7| hdheris are taken lor every jariK former^ rated
at 5 hdb^ru^ im^., rioe (Sh&li), mnsk-mdone, water-melons» cacnmbers,
onions, turnips, earrota and lettuce. On other crops than theae, two
hdberis were f arm^^ taken, the Tnrkovt&na exacting three^
In the torrid tract (abovo'^neoittoned, between D&war and Sistan),
the safSdbari crops are divided into three heaps according to the ^andah&r
custom and all crops paying special rates are registered under the * and ^
class (No. 2), and for every janh^ 50 man of the torrid tract {Garms{r)
equalling 20 man of ^andah^r, are taken. The kharwdr of this district
is 100 man, equivalent to 10 man of Hindustan. Grapes are tieated in
the same manner as at ^andah&r. AU articles under Sahzhatrif pay two
laberis on each janb.
In the Bdwar tract, produce under safiditari is apportioned in three
heaps as described above and the exchequer receives for every 4 jari&«,
one kharwdr weight of Ditrar, which is equivalent to one hharwdr and ten
man of Jg^andahir, and for other produce, one hharwdr on three ^r»6s.*
Barkdr of ^andahdr.
Containing 24 MahaU, Revenue 8,114| ttimdus^ 39,600 dinars:
45,775 sheep ; 45 Balochi horses : 3, 752,977 kharwdrs of grain ; 420 m^tn of
rice ; 2 kharwdrs of flour ; 20 man of clarified butter. It furnishes 13,875
Cavalry and 25,260 Infantry. J^andahdr city— 6,270 tumdns in cash ; 35,120
kharwdrs of com ; 550 horse j 1,000 foot.
' See p. 86, Vol. I.
' Under the Caliphs, the land-tax was
vsoall/ rated at } of the produce of
wheat and barley if the fields were
watered by pnblic canals ; -fg if irrigated
by wheels or other artificial means ; and
i if altogether nnirrigated. If arable
land were left anonltivated, it seems to
have paid 1 dirhem per jar(b and -^ of
probable jMrodaoe. Of dates, grapes,
garden prodnoe, -I was taken either in
kind or money ; and i of the yield of
wines, fishing, pearls and generally of
IMTodaots not derired from onltivaiion,
was to be delirered in kind or paid in
ralue eren before the expenses had been
defrayed. The customs and transit dues,
for which nnbelievers paid a doable rate,
and the taxes on trades, mannfaotnres
and handicrafts were also sonroes of
pnblic rerenue. Sir H. Elliot. (Arabs
in Sind, p. 78). His principal re-
ferences are to Hammer-Pnrgstall In
the Asiatic Joomal, XXX, p. 52.
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897
BependenoieB east of JfandahAr.
TerrUory of Duhi^^ has a fort of unbaked brick. 6 tumdns in money :
1,800 khartodrs of grain ; 12,000 sheep; 15 Balochi horses ;
Afghans of the TaHn and Kdkar tribes : 500 horse, and
1,000 foot.
„ of Pashang ; has an old fort of unbaked brick. 33 tumdns
in money; 3,200 sheep; 500 kharwdra of grain; 1,500
horse and 1,500 foot.
„ of Bhdl, has a mud fort ; 4^ tirndriB in money ; &4iO sheep ;
780 kharwdrs of grain; Afghans of Kds^ and Baloch;
1,000 horse, and 1,000 feot.
„ of Mashtangy (Mastang) has a mud fort ; 10 tumdns and
8,000 dindrs in money ; 470 kJiarwdrs in grain. Afgh&ns
of Kdsi,^ and Baloch 100 horse and 500 foot.
„ of Khelgari^ 12 tumdns in money ; 415 kharwdrs of grain ;
200 horse, 300 foot.
Tribe of Pani, 60 sheep, an Afghan clan, 1,000 borse, 1,000 foot.
„ Ahddliy formerly paid revenue 1,000 sheep ; fixed in the time of
the Kdzilbdshis^ at 100 twndns, 400 horse, (JOO foot.
„ Ahddliy 2,800 sheep, 6 kharwdrs of butter. Afghans. 2,000
horse, 3,000 foot.
„ Jamandif responsible for 11 tumdns and 4,000 dindrs. Afgh&ns,
30 horse, 20 foot.
Surhh Bdhdf i BalocMn^ revenue included under city of fi[andiah£r.
50 horse, 50 foot.
Bependenoiei south of ^iandahdr,
J^aldt Banjdrahf has a strong mud fort. 30 Balochi horses^ 30
camels, — Baloch — 500 horse, 500 foot.
Shirdbak, 1,200 sheep. Afghans. 200 horse, 100 foot.
* Brskme eayr thtst fcbe whot© ootrnfepy
probably took the name of Diiki from
j^ lying among the hills, Df&U mgniij^
iDg a hill in the language o£ the oonntry^
and may be opposed to I>Mbty or plain,.
Biber, p. 164.
• Var. KAai.
• Var. AfghiB and So^at.
* This name {KiUl^ red, hdsh, head)
wa» given to the seven Turkish tribes,
descendants of the oaptivee released by
Tunur At the xeqjBieBt oi SaMvCddSu anoea-
tor of Shaikh Ism^ the ffrst of the Snf-
favean monarohs. To the gratitude of
these Oarmanian oapSives the fifo/l,
(Anglioe Sophy) dynasty of Persia owed
its elevation to the throne. SeetheXIYtk
Chapter of Malcolm's History of Persia.
Bound l^e red cap was twisted a torban
in 12 plaits to the memory and in
honour of the \2 Imdms. lyHerbelbt.
The term is applied generally to the
Persians, and ia sO' employed by B6biMP>
9.];8i.
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898
Tribe of Bieakh,^ 225 sheep. Afghans. 200 horse, 300 foot.
I, Mirkhdni, 9 tumdns in money, 3,250 sheep. Afgh&ns.
horse, 400 foot.
of Maswdni? 200 sheep.
100 foot.
7 man of bntter. Afghans. 50 horse,
Dependencies north of KandaMr.
Territory of Kaldt Tarti^Ifi has a very strong mud fort. 520 tumdns,
9 fiOO dindrs in money. 4,346 sheep; 1,171 Ar^rti^ar* (of grain ?)
1 man of bntter; 1 hharwdr of rice. Ghilzai Afghdns. 2,200
horse, 3,820 foot.
Eastdrah Dahlah,* 1,454 sheep; 20 kharwdrs of grain; 200 horse,
500 foot.
Eazdr Banjah BanjiJ^ 160 sheep ; 15 horse, 60 foot.
Territory of Tarin^ has a strong fort. 15,000 sheep ; 1,000 kharwdrs
of grain. Hazdrah tribe. 1,500 horse, 3,000 foot.
Dependencies west of Kandahar,
Territory of the torrid tract (Garmstr), 602 tumdns, and 8,000
ddndrs in money; 12,000 kharwdrs of grain. 200 horse,
2,000 foot.
„ of Zamin Ddwar, 1,200 horse, 1,000 foot.
Tribe of Sidhkhdnah, 42 tumdns; 30 horse, 70 foot.
Fort of Kushk NakhSd, has a mnd fort, revenne included under city of
Kandahdr.
Sarkdr of Kdbul
It is situated in the third and fourth climates. Its length from A(ak
Bendres on the Indus to the Hindu koh is 150 kds ; its breadth from
Kardbdgh^ of l^andahir to Oheghdn 8erd, 100 kSs. It is bounded on the
" Var. BiBlri.
' Var. Masw&li, Mastiw&ni.
* Var. and G. Barliik, var. (aid
Yastarluk, Tnrak.
* Var. Dahnah.
» Var. and Q. Dhajar Banji; var.
Sahar Sahi.
* According to Tieffenthaler 11 royal
miles from Ghazni (abont 19| common
miles) on the road to l^andah&r, I, 21.
The greater part of the aoooont of this
prOYince is taken without acknowledg-
ment bj Abnl Fazl from the Memoirs
of Bdber, which should be in the hands of
the reader for comparison and illostration
of this brief sketch. Oheghdnserdi con*
tains one village only, according to Bdber,
and lies in the entrance of Kafiristdn.
The large river known as the Gheghin-
BArii river comes from the north-east
behind Bajanr. Another smaller stream
from the west after flowing through
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399
east by Hindustan ; on the north-west by the mountains and Gh6r ; be-
tween to the north lies Anderdb of Badakshdn, the Hindu koh intervening ;
on the south by Farmul and Naghr. Adequate praise of it<^ climate is
beyond the power of pen to express, and although its winter is severe rather
than moderate, it occasions no distress. The torrid and cold belts are so
contiguous that the transition may be made from one to the other in a
single day. Such approximation of summer and winter pasturage in an
inhabited country is uncommon. Snow falls both in the plains and on the
mountains ; in the former from November and on the latter from September :
Baber states that the snowfall in the direction of Uindustdn does not pass
the crest of the Bdddtn Ohashmah.^ This doubtless was the case in those
days, but at the present time it extends to the crest of the Nimlahy and
indeed as far as the Khaihar pass. Even in summer time covering is need-
ed during the nights. There are various delightful fruits, but the melons
are not so good.* Agriculture is not very prosperous. The country is
surrounded on all sides by lofty mountains, so that the sudden invasion of
an enemy is attended with extreme difficulty.
The Hindu koh separates K&bul from Badakshdn and Balkh, and
seven routes are employed by the people of Turdn in their marches to and
fro. Three are by the Panjhir^ (valley), the highest of which is over the
Khawdk pass ; below this is Tal, and the next lower in succession, Bdzdrak.
Ploh, a district of Kiifiristin, falls into
it. Naghr is sometimes written Naghz.
It is now unknown bat Erskine conjeo-
tnres it to have been on the upper course
of the Kurram, and Farmul probably
Urgh^n where the Persian race of
Farmulis still exist. Niamatu'llah
(Dom's History of the Afghans, p. 57)
says that Farmul was originally the
name of a river running between the
borders of K&bnl and Ghazni and the
dwellers on its banks were called
Farmulis. See Elphinstone's G&bul,
p. 816 for a fuller account of this divi-
sk>a of the Tajiks.
^ The pass of B&d&m Ohashmah lies
south of the K4bul river between Little
Kibul and B&r£k6b Erskine.
* B^ber confirms or originates this fact,
and adds that those raised from seed
brought from Khurdsdn are tolerable.
He praises those of Bokhara, but pro-
nounces those of Akhsi, a district north
of the Jaxartes, to be beyond comparison
the best.
* The word is so written by Biber,
but, according to Cunningham, (p. 32,)
the true name is PanMr, the Arabs
writing j for the Indian ch. The modern
spelling of Panjshir, adopted by Bumes,
Leech and others, now prevails. A town
named FanjsfUr is mentioned by Ibn
Haukal and a mountain called Pashii
was crossed by Ibn Batdta on his way
from Knnduz to Parw&n. The height
of the Ehaw&k pass over the Hinda Knsh
is marked in Curzon's map. (Russia in
Central Asia) 13,000 feet. In this
enumeration, as Erskine observes, B&ber
begins from the east. The whole pas-
sage is taken almost word for word from
the Memoirs.
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The best of these is J\il bat it is somewhat long as its name implies. The
most direct is over the heights of Bdadrak. Between the high range and
Farwdn are seven other heights called Haft Bachah (the Seven YoungUngi).
From Anderdh two roads unite at the foot of the main pass and debouch
(on Parwin) by the Haft Bachah. This is extremely ardaoos. Three other
roads lead by Parw&n up the Qhorband valley. The nearest route is by the
pass of Yanguyuli,^ (the new road) which leads down to Waliydu and
Khinjdn ; another is the ^ihchdlc pass, also somewhat easy to traverse, aad
a third is the Shibertu, In the summer when the rivers rise, it ia by
this pass that they descend by way of Bdmidn and Tdlikdn, but in the
winter the Ahdarah route is chosen, for at this season, all other routes
but this are closed.
There is also a road leading from Khurdsdn to J^andahdr which is
direct and has no mountain pass.
* I have corrooted the inaoooraoies of
the text by the tme readings in Biber.
For Jy.yjfi^, read ^j^ji^j^ and for
^k^ji read oy>J For Bimiin and
Tdli^an, Erskiue has Bamian and
Saigh&n. He adds that B&z&rak mnst
be the straight road from Saif&b&d
to Ghiurmaghz&r (p. 189). The Par-
wiln ronte is that by Parw&n to
Ch£rmaghs4r which passes between
Saifibid and the head of the valley
of Sanleh-anleng (between Panjhir
and Ohorband). Yangi-jAli is that
by Doshikh direct upon Khinjin. The
Kipch&k route runs ap the valley of
Ghorband and then over the moan-
tains to the junction of the two rivers at
IHLila Beisa. The Shibertd pass is hj
8hiber. There seems to have been a
direct road from that to Mader in dry
weather ; but in wet, people went ronnd
by Bilmi&n, SaighAn and the pass of
Dend&n Shiken, or the Tooth-breaker.
Bilber himself passed through Btoi&n
and by the Bhibertd Kotal on his
march from Khorasan to Kabul in
February 1507. Three of these roads,
the rpU9oy of Strabo, leading to Bactria
parted at Opi^ near OhartUor, the
Hupiin of Bilber, identified with Alex-
andria Opiana by Cunningham who
gives the routes as follows :
1 . Ihe north-east road, by the Fanj-
shir valley, and over the Khiwak pass
to Anderib.
2. The west road by the Enshia
valley, and over the Hindu Kush Pasi
to Ghori.
8. The south-west road up the
Ghorband valley and over the Hajiyak
(H&jigak) Pass to B&miin.
The first of these roads> he con-
tinues, was taken bj Aiexander on his
march into Baotriana from the territorj
of the ParopamiaadfD, and by Timor
on his invasion of India. It was also
crossed by Lieut. Wood on his return
from the sources of the Oxos. The
second road, he supposes Alexander to
have followed on his return from
Baotriana, as Strabo mentions the choice
of another and shorter route over the
same mountains. The third was taken
by Ohangiz Kh&n after his capture of
B^i£n; bj Moororoft and Burnes on
their journeys to Bokhara ; by Dr. Lord
and Lt Wood when driven back by the
snow from the Eushin pass, and wti
surveyed by Sturt in IS40 after its sue-
oessfnl passage by a troop of horse-
artillery.
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From Hindustan five roads are practicable. 1. Karpah, which after
traversing two defiles, leads to Jalaldbdd. This rente is not mentioned by
Bdber and doubtless was not used in his time. 2. Khaihar^ this was
formerly somewhat difficult, but by the command of His Majesty it has
been made easily practicable for wheeled conveyance, and at the present
time travellers from Turin and India take this route. ^ 3. Bangash which
is reached by crossing the Indus at the Dhankot* ferry. 4. Naghr. 6.
Farmulf by which the Indus must be crossed at the Ghaupdrah ferry.
Eleven languages are spoken in this province, each nationality using
its own, viz.^ Turkish, Mughal, Persian, Hindi, Afghani, Pushtu, Pardchi,
Geberi, Bereki, Lamghdni and Arabic.^ The chief tribes* are the Hazdrahs
" The S. nl M. stafces that by the com-
mand of Nidir Sh&h, after his conqaest
of Kibal, the Afghilns made the Khaibar
pass broad enough to allow 40 horsemen
to ride abreast, and it was so swept and
cleared that travellers were nnioconve-
nienced by thorns and stones. Behind
his commands was the sword. The Kar-
pah or as Elphiostone writes it, Oarrapa
Pass is in the Mohmand oonntrj, bat
seldom traversed on acconnt of its rag-
ged defiles and the freqaent crossings
OTor the stony and rapid fords of the
Cabal river, (p. 365).
' Erskine writes the word Dinkot and
locates it 'near " Khushalghar " or
"perhaps Kalabagh." The road from
Ghanpilrah to Farmnl was probably the
direct road from Kanig^ram to Urghun.
Ghaaparah itself he places near " Kagal-
wala'* on the Karram.
' Baber adds Pashii ; Gabri is said in
the Khal&sata'l Ans&b, to be a place in
Bajanr. Dom, p. 131.
♦ See Vol. I, p. 871. The meaning
there given to i5^' does not apply here.
The word is constantly ased by Bdber
cither alone or in conjunction with
n and Ulus, as at pp. 77, 138, 140,
to signify the wild nomad tribes of the
country. At p. 151 is the following pas-
sage : *' As in Khorasfin and Samarkand,
the possessors of the Wolds are the Turks
51
and Aimiks, so in this country, (Kiibal)
the inhabitants of the Waste are Haz<i-
ras and Afghilns. The most powerful
of the Hazaras in this territory, are the
Sultdn Masaiidi Haziras^ and the most
powerful of the Afghiins are the Meh-
mend Afghans." This interpretation
is also confirmed by Dora who in his
annotations on Part 1st of his His-
tory of the Afghans, p. 67, refers to
this passage of the Ain i Akbari in dis-
cussing the origin of the Haziras and
Afghdns. The general name of Aimdk
or Eim&k has become the special desig-
nation of a particular cl aster of sopts.
The author of Ansdbn&mah i Afdghinah
employs the term *a»l3Ujjf plural of
O *i^^ ia the meaning of tribes, and
in another passage speaks of the Char
Aimdk consisting of 60,000 families.
De Goignes (Hist, des Huns. I. Part II,
p. 9) gives the eponymous founders of
these four tribes or Aim&ks and the cu-
rious origin of their names, bat he is in
error in making Nikodar the gprandson of
Hulagu (I. 283). Nikodar took the name
of Ahmad Khin and according to D'Her-
belot was the 9th of the Moghal Emper-
ors of the race of Ghengiz Ehdn. He
reigned from A. D. 1282 to 1284. Durn
places the event related by Abul Fazl be-
tween A. H. 644—647. Elphinstone (Ci-
bul) doTOtes an interesting chapter to the
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402
and Afghans^ and the pastmage of the oountrj is in the hands of these two
clans. The Hazdrahs are the descendants of the Chaghatai army, sent hj
Manku Kddn to the assistance of Huldku Khdn, These troops were sent
to these parts under the command of his son Nikoddr Oghlitn, Their
settlements extend from Ghazni to Kandahdr and from Maidan to the
confines of Balkh. They nnmher more than 100,000 families,^ the third
part of which consists of cavalry. They possess horses, sheep and goats.
They are divided into factions, each covetous of what they can obtain,
deceptive in their common intercourse and their conventions of amity
savour of the wolf.
The Afghdns consider themselves the descendants of the Israelites,
They assert that their remote progenitor, named Afghan,^ had three sons,
viz., Sarahan to whom the Sarahani clan trace their lineage; the second,
Ohv/rghusht from whom the Ghurghustis claim descent, and the third Bat an to
whom the pedigree of the Bafani tribe is ascribed. From these throe
branches they developed into their several clans, each distinguished by
its eponymous tribarch. The following septs unite in SARABAN, ru.,
Tartn, Baraich^ Miydnah, Kharshtn, Shirdni, t/Vwiar, Kdsi, Jamandy Kheshgi^
Katdniy^ Khaltl, Mohmandzai, Ddudzai, YtMufzai, Kaliydni,* and Tarkaldni,
From GHUflGHUSHT spring the Surdli (var. Surani), Jilam, Orakzai,
Afrtdiy Jagtdniy Khattakiy Karardniy BdwaVy Mansuhy KdkoTy Ndghar,
Aimiks and Haz&rahs. The former, h^
BSkjBy live in oamps, called Orde, derived
from the Turkish Ordu from which name
is derived the lingua franca of Hindu-
Bt&n and oar English word, ' horde.' De
Gnignes applies the same name to the
palaces of the four pdndpal wives of
Oheng£zKWin. (III. 70.)
* Lit. honses; the Tartars reckon
the numbers of their families by house-
holds, tents and sometimes by kettles,
Erskine's B&ber.
' In Dom, Abddr Bashid, sumamed
Path&n. See p. 41, Part II, and annota-
tions for these genealogies. Ba^an accord-
ing to Dom is more frequently written
ipHi and sometimes (j^f. The tribal
ramifications are given by Niamat-u'llah
in considerable detail which it is unpro-
fitable to transcribe and may be pursued
in Dom, in Elphinstone's Ciibul, and
Sherring's Tribes, Vol. II.
* According to the Khnli^at-u'l Ans&b
(Dorn, p. 127) the Kat^nis possess no
territory but are scattered in single
families. From Niiai descend the H6-
sakhail, Isakhail, Sambal Saharangfa,
conjointly called Niibis: they reside
about the town of Makhad on the banks
of the Indus as far as Dera Ismad Khin.
The descendants of Pani reside about
Shik&rptir. Another aooonnt places
them, after their expulsion fh>m their
country, about Jeypdr and Jodhpiir
where they subsist by traffic and carry
merchandise to the Deccan. Nighar's
descendants reside about Dera Ghizi-
khdn, and Kikaris near yandahir. The
word ' zai' or 'zacy ' as Baverty writes
the word, signifies ' son,' and answers to
Mac, Fitz, and O. Suffixed to the tri-
bal name, it means ' a man' of the par*
ticular clan.
♦ Probably a misscript for Gagiy^bL
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Bdniy Uaswini, Pani, and Tdran, To BAT AN are ascribed fche Ohilzai,
Lodiy Niydzly Lohdnty S^r, Bani, Sarwdni and Kakbor.^
It is said that Moht Ali^ Ohdri whom the Afghans call Mat^ had illicit
iniercoarse with one o£ the daaghters of Bafan. When the results of this
clandestine intimacj were about to become manifest, he preserved her
reputation bj mairiage, and three sons were bom to him, viz.y Ohilzatf
Lodi, and Sarwdni,
Some assert the Afgh&ns to be Oopts^ and that when the Israelites
came to Egypt from Jernsalem, this people passed into Hindustan. The
ti-adition is too long to be condensed within narrow limits, bat it is noticed
in passing as a fanciful digression.
There are many wild tribes, such as the Khwdjak Khizri, Kakshdl, Mat-
ddni, Uzbekf Kalatki, Pardnchi, Nilpurchi, Bakderi, Bahsudiy Stdibdi^ Tufa^
kanddz (matchlockmen), Arab, Gilahbdn (shepherds) and Tukbai but not
as numerous as the first mentioned, and most of them at the present
time have become settled colonists.
The Oity of Kdbul is situated in the fourth climate. Its longitude
is 104° 40, *» and its latitude 34° 30/ It is one of the finest of ancient*
cities, and is said to have been founded in the time of Pashang. It posses-
ses a double earthwork fortress of considerable strength. To the south-
west of the fortified town is a low hill which is a source of much bene-
ficence, called Shdh Kdbul,^ doubtless with reference to an edifice erected
* Var. Oakbor.
' According to Dom, Shdh Hasain,
Prince of Ghor, (pp. 46, 48, Part II.).
Mata was the name of Shaikh Patni's
daughter and Shdh Husain not being of
Afghda extraction, his descendants were
called by the maternal name of Mati.
The name of Ghilzai was given on ac-
connt of the clandestine amour, ' ghil '
signifying thief, and ' zai * bom, a son.
* This is taken, according to Tiefifen-
thaler, from the Fortunate Islands. Its
true position is long. 69"" 6' E., lat. 84''
3(K. This meridian is the subject of a
later portion of the A. A.
* It was the old capital of the country,
says Cunningham, before the Macedo-
nian conquest, and Ibn Haukal states
that inauguration at Kdbul was a neces-
sary qualification for goyernmeut in a
king. TiefFenthaler names 4 gates, vin.^
Lahor, Kdbul, Ifglbandi and Fatmthi,
adding that near this last was an ancient
castle with mud walls. It was pulled
down by A^med Abddli, and the houses
in front of the Fatouhi gato razed to the
ground. A now fort was then erected
of brick work ' sur un lieu elev^,' and
its garden laid out by the governor.
* Erskine says that there is a hill south
of Kdbul on which ^dbil (Cain) the
founder, is said to have been interred, but
the only hill south-west is that known as
Bdber Badshdh where Bdber himself was
interred, and is the great holiday resort
of the people. Bdbor's description is as
follows : " There is a small ridge which
runs out from the hill of Shdh Kabul
and is called Al^dbain, and there is be-
sides another small hill on which stands
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upon it by one of its former kings. Upon its sammit stands the citadel,
and there was a separate ridge^ nancied Akdbatn. As it somewhat overlooked
the fort, it was included within its precincts by royal command. Skirt-
ing its base are fair embankments, pleasnre-g irdens and . delightful groves,
amongst which the Shahr Ard (Pride of the City) are especially beantifnl.
The city is watered by two streams. One of these, called the Jui Khatibdn,
enters from Lalandar and flowing through the Shahr Ard passes by the
city ; the other, ' the Jui Put i Mdstdn^^ more wholesome and limpid than
the former, from the narrows of the Deh % Ygtkuh winds past the Delhi
Gate and runs on to Beh % Mgtmurah. Near this a canal called Mdhum
Anagah^ has been brought, which is of extreme convenience, and adjacent
is the Qulkanah quarter fair to the eye and dear to the heart. From the hill
(of Shah K4bul) flow three streams citywards ; at the head of one is the
shrine of Khwdjah Hamu ;* the second, according to popular belief, had
been visited by the prophet Khizr ; the third is over against (the tomb of)
Khwdjah Abdu's Samad known as Khwdjah Eoshandi, The wise of ancient
times considered Kabul and ^andahar as the twin gates of Hindustan, the
one leading to Turkest&n and the other to Persia. The ens tody of these
highways secured India from foreign invaders, and they are likewise the
appropriate portals to foreign travel.
In Kdbul as well as in Samarkand and Bokhara, a parganaJi which
comprises towns and villages is called a Tumdn,^ The Tumdn of Bigrdm
is called Parashdwary the spring season of which is delightful. Here is a
shrine greatly venerated called Korhhatri^^ visited by people especially
jogis from distant parts.
the citadel. The fortified town lies on
the north of the citadel." Erskine iden-
tifies AV^bainwith that now called Ashi-
kdn Arifin, which oonueots with Baber
Badshah. The Bala Hissir is on the
same ridge farther east and sonth-east of
the town. The beneficence of the Sh6h
Kabnl mentioned in the text, is dae
to three streams that issue from it, two
of which are in the vicinity of the shady
and retired Gnlkanah, the scene, as
Bdber not regretfully notes, of many a
debauch. The position of the citadel
and of the conjoined hills, has been care-
fully described by Forster. Travel8,p. 73.
* I read ij^j^ {^. and would so
amend the text.
' It is a canal derired from the riTer
Logar as it enters the plains of Shevaki
and has a course of about five miles. I. G.
'The name of Akbar's nurse (Ana-
gab) who attended him from his cradle
and exercised a backstair influence that
affected many political fortunes. See
Vol. I. 323 and note, and Vol. I. 90 of
Mrs. Beveridge's Translation of Count
Nocr's Kaisar Akbar."
♦ Var. Samu, but Biber, Shams.
* And Bdber adds that in Andejin,
K^shghar and the neighbouring coun-
tries, it is called Urchin,
• This shrine, is mentioned by Biber
as one of the holy places of the Hindu
j(5gis who came from g^reat distanoes to
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The Tumdn of Neknxhdl is one of the dependencies of Lamghdn. The
residence of the governor was formerly at Adinahpur bat is now at JeldldhM,
There is here no snowfall and the cold is not so severe. Nine streams
irrigate the cultivated lands ; the pomegranates have no seed-stones
Near Jeldldbad is the Bdgh % Safd^ (The Garden of Purity) a memorial of
Baber, and adjacent to Adinahpur is the Bdgh % Wafd (The Garden of
Fidelity) another relic of the same monarch. To the south lies the stu-
pendous range of the Safed koh (The White Mountain) with its perpetual
snows from which it derives its name. In this neighbourhood is a low
hill^ where when it snows in Kdbul, a similar snowfall occurs.
cnt off their hair and shave their beardi
at this spot. He rode oat to BigHim to
see the great tree bat was not shown
the shrine in 1605. Fonrteen years
later his onrioeity was gratified. Gor
Ehatri was once a Baddhiat monas-
tery, (I. G.) then rebuilt into a Hindu
temple, and now used as a sardi. I
refer the reader to the Gazetteer for
a sketch of the ancient and modern
history of Pesh&war. His cariosity may
be farther gratified or coDfouoded by
the learned details of Canningham of this
ancient capital of the Gandh&ra kingdom.
Qor or Kor Khafrif (the Grain Merchants'
Hoase,) he says, was applied to a cell
in the Ranig&t hil], sixteen miles north of
Ohind, as well as to the great vihdra of
Kanishka at Peshdwar which is men-
tioned in the Memoirs of Bdber. Pesha-
war was also fortanate in possessing,
daring the first centuries of the Chris-
tian era, the begging-pot of Bnddha and
the holy p{pal tree which had shaded
the great eremite when ho predicted the
coming of the king Kanishka.
» Var. N^knihdr ; in the I. G. Nang-
ni/tdr and by B^ber Nangenhdr, or Neker-
har, the district south of the K&bal
river in the province of Jelilldb&d, that
on the north, bounded on the west and
east by the Alingar and Kunar rivers,
being Lamghdn. It lies along the Kdbul
river on the south, and the name is said
to mean * nine rivers.' The I. G. affirms
it to be a distortion of the ancient name
of ITagarahdra, identified by Lassen
with the Nasfara of Ptolemy regarded
by Cunningham as identical with JeUla-
WLd. A.dinahp(ir is south of the Kibol
river
■ A. garden of this name was planted
by Biber at Keldeh-KehAr (Kuller Kaher)
near Pind Dddan Khdn, eleven years
after that of the Bdgh i Wafd near Adi-
nahpur south of the Kdbul riyer. It was
situated 10 hoa from Bahrah in the middle
of the hill of Jud on a level plot of
ground in the centre of which was a lake
which received the water of the sur-
rounding hills and was about five miles
in circumference. Bahrah or Bhira is
marked in the maps 20 Jlco« from Kuller
Kaher, but the name is said to be com-
mon in the district. I find mention of
no other Bdgh i J^afd nearer Jeldldbdd.
Jfid is apparently a spur of the Salt
Range. Bdber states that the tribes
of Jdd and Janjtjhah descended from
a common ancestor, are the ruling races
of the district and of all the tribes
between the Sind and Bahrah. The hill
received its name from its supposed
resemblance to Mount Ararat, (Jddi).
• Bdber is more explicit. *0n the
south of the fort of Adinahpur is the
8urkh-rud (runs into the Kdbul river
between Jagdalik and Gandamak). On
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The Tumdn of Mandrdur : monkeys here abound. The Alishang ri^er
uniting with the Alingdr joins the Bdrdn^ while the Oheghdn Sardi river
flowing through the north-east quarter enters KatSr,^
The Tumdn of Alishang is surrounded by lofty mountains covered with
snow in which is the source of the ^^ishang river. The inhabitants are
called Kafirs, In the vicinity is a tomb asserted by the people to be that
of Ldm the father of Noah, called also Lamek (Lamech). The people here
pronounce the kdf like a ghain, and hence the currency of the name
(Lamgh&n).
The mountainous Tumdn of Najrdo^ also is peopled by the kdfirs. In-
stead of lamp they burn the chilghozahfi There is also an animal called the
Flying Foxy^ which flies upward about the height of a yard* There is
also a rat which exhales the smell of musk.^
Oharkh is a village of the Tumdn of Loghar which gives its name to
Maulana T^kuh Oharkhi, Sajdtoand is also one of the well-known villages
of this Tum4n»
The mountains of the Tumdn of Badrdo^ are the home of kdfirs and
wild H&zarahs and Afgh&ns.
the north is a detached mass of mountain
dividing Nangenh&r and the Lamgh&nAt.
Wherever it snows at Kilbnli the snow
falls also on the top of this mountain by
which means the people of the Lam-
gh&n&t can tell when it snows at KdbnL
» Briber's words are : * The river of
Gheghansarlii, after passing through
Eaferistto from the north-east, unites
with the river B^n, in the BaliHk of
K&meh and then passes onwards to the
east.'
' It lies north-east from Kibul in the
hill country according to Biber, who adds
that their inhabitants are wine drinkers,
never pray, fear neither God nor man,
and are heathenish in their usages.
• The seed of the Finns gerardiana ;
the cone, which is as big as a man's two
fists, and also the tree itself, said to be
derived from chihal * forty* and ghoua
a *nut.* Sansk. ^^T + #t^.
♦ Copied from B4ber whose account is
as follows : " It is an animal larger than
a squirrel with a kind of leathern web
stretching between its fore and hind
feet like a bat's wing. It is said that
they can fly a bowshot from a higher
tree to a lower one. I myself have
never seen them fly, but have let one go
beside a tree which it quickly clung to
and ascended, and when driven away,
expanded its wings like a bird and came
to the gfround without injury." This
must be the flying squirrel, which does
not fly though wing-handed, but is sup-
ported by its membrane as it leaps.
* Bdber likewise mentions the musk-
rat, but adds that he had never seen it ;
whence Erskine suggests the inference
that it may not have been as common
in India in his day as it is now.
• Perhaps the upper part of Tugow
now called Bihighii. Charkh is now
called Charkh Boraki. The geography
of this part of the country may be
followed in Elphinstone's C4bul, Cap.
II, 94.
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sitaated intermediately between the tomd
this tract about the beginning of spring and
The Tumdn of AUa\ is
and cold belts. Birds cross
good sport is had.
The Tumdn of Bangash^ furnishes 7,000 Cavalry and 87,800 Infantry,
viz.: —
Mohmand ...
Khalil, ...
Ddudzai, ...
Oagiydnty,..
Muhammadzaif
Sdni,
Utmdnkhail,
Ohilzaiy ...
KhizrkhaUf
ShSrzddy ...
Kharguniy^
KhaUakiy...
Abdu'r Bahmdni,
Afridiy
Oruky (Orakzai)
The Tumdn of Oardes^ has a strong fort,
part three and four stories high.
Cavalry.
500
600
3,000
600
400
100
60
100
30
20
10
200
100
600
600
Infantry.
600
6,600
37,000
4,500
4,000
1,400
850
2,900
950
1,400
200
4,000
2,500
10,500
5,500
6,510 82,700
The bouses are for the most
* B4ber, Alah-sdi^ which Erskine gays
is now called Tngow. ** It lies two or
three farsangg east of Najr&o from which
yon advance straight towards Alah-s&i."
Baber places it between the cold and
warm belts, and says that the birds take
their flight across in the spring. Fowlers
sit behind, scream and raise nets as the
flights of fowl approach and intercept
them. In the winter season the birds
come down to the skirts of the hills and
if in their flight they happen to pass
over a vineyard they are no longer able
to fly and are canght. A similar story
is told of some fields near Whitby.
(Kotes to Hacmion.) The pomegranates
of Alah-R^i are famons in the country,
and are sent to Hindostin.
• Ocoapies the lower grounds from
Gardes to Koh&t. B^ber says it is in-
fested by Afghin robbers such as the
Ehngliini, Khirilchf, Buri and the Linder.
• Var. KharkdU.
• Upwards of eixty-five miles south-
east from E&bul. B&ber says that the
Daroghi of the Ttimim of Zdrmat, south
of Kibol and south-east of Qhazni, re-
sides at Gbxd^z which is not named as
a separate Ttim6n. Next follows the
Tdm4n of Farmul omitted by Abul Fazl.
It \b notable only in the fact that the
Shaikhzldahs, who were treated, as
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Ghazntn is situated in the third ciimatB, and is also known as Zdhul,
and was the capital of Sultan Ma^mdd, Sultan Shahdba'ddin and several
other monarchs.
This territory was formerly called Zabnlistin, and some reckon
](Candahdr as included within it. Here is the last resting-place of ffaUm
Sandi^ and many other saintly personages. The winter season is said to
rd^emble that of Samarkand and Tabriz. A river* runs from north to
south which waters all the arable tracts. The cultivators are put to great
trouble as fresh soil has to be supplied each year to fertilize the land and it
becomes then more productive than that of Kabul. The metal called
rtitn^ is here abundant and is imported into Hindustan. In the time of
Baber there was here a tomb which shook whenever the praises of Ma^am-
mad were recited. The investigations of acute observers discovered that
this was effected by the fraud of relic -mongers. There is also a spring
into which if any filth be thrown, a thunderstorm ensues with a fall of
snow and rain.*
The Tumdn of Daman % koh^ has a profusion of flowers and its spring
and autumn are matchless in beauty.
B&ber says, with snch distmgaisbed
favoar in Hindastan daring the time
of the Afghans, were all of Farmul and
descended from Shaikh Mnhammad
Mosalm^n.
' This tomb is mentioned by Elphin-
stone, Cibnl, 433. He was a mystic of
high authority and repnte whom the
gfreat Snfi Maalan& H(im looked up to as
his master. He flourished under Bahr&m
Sh&h son of Mas^tid Shdh of Qhazni
(A. D. 1 118-52) to whom he dedicated his
Hadikat ^\ Halpiilf:. He left also the
usual Diwiin which is necessary to every
Persian poet's fame or ambition. He is
said to have died in 1131 at the age of
62. Orient. Biog., Beale.
' Ghazni is situated on the left bank
of a river of the same name. It runs
north to Loghar and joins the E^bul
river. Biiber says it may be large enough
to drive four or five mills.
* Composed of four sere of copper to
li of lead. See Vol. I. p. 41.
* Albirdni in his Chronology, Chap.
XIII alludes to the '* famous well in
the mountains of Farghina" which
causes rain if contaminated and adduces
several similar traditions. Bdber says
that he made strict inquiry for the
well but no one could give him the
slightest information abont it. The
discovery of the fraud at the tovnh is
due to his observation. A scaffolding
had been erected over it, so contrived,
that it could be set in motion when any
one stood upon it, so that a looker on
imagined it was the tomb that moved.
He directed the persons who attended
the tomb to come down from the scaffold-
ing, after which no number of prayers
or praises could persuade it to stir.
• This beautiful plain is better known
as Koh Ddman the hiU sUH of the Pagh-
mdn range. The gardens of Istalif at its
north extremity, gay with flowers, its
limpid ice-cold streams, the Arghwin
trees with their vivid blossoms of scar-
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In the T4mdii of Qhorhand the variety of floral hues is beyond exprea-
BiOD. Three and thirty species of tulips here bloom and one kind named
the rote-scented tulip breathes the fragrance of the bl ash-rose.^
Mines of silver and lapis-lazali are also fonnd. Near the mountains is
a sandy tract called Khwdjah B4g i Batodn^ and from this quicksand, the
sound as of drums is heard in the summer time.
In the Tiimdn of Zohdk and Bdmidn, the fortress of Zohdk is a menu-
ment of great antiquity, and in good preservation, but the fort of Bamian is
in ruins. In the mountain-side caves have been excavated and ornamented
with plaster and paintings. Of these there are 12,000 which are called
Suniaj and in former times were used by the people as winter retreats.
Three colossal figures are here : one is the statue of a man, 80 yards in
height ; another that of a woman 50 yards high, and the third is that of
a child measuring 15 yards. Strange to relate, in one of these caves is
placed a coffin containing the body of one who reposes in his last sleep. ^
let and yellow seen in no othor parfc of
the country, its gproves of oak and spread-
ing plane trees have excited the eloquent
admiration of Bilber.
^ It is needless to say that the nomen-
clature of native flora by Persian or
Indian writers is extremely unscientific
and vague, and beyond a few woll-known
kinds, the rest are indiscriminately ox-
pressed hy a shuffling of the few botani-
cal terms they possess, and the same
name does duty for more than one flower.
Thus nasr^n is the eglantine and the
narcissus ; Idlah the tulip and the red
poppy and the prefix of gul which means
both 'rose' and ' flowor' increases the
confusion. Again * raydhin plur. of ^ ray-
hdn* means particularly the Ocymum
6(ut2«eum, hence any sweet smelling
shrub, and further extended in a general
sense to flowers of any kind. A glanco
at the Abul Fazl's description of tho
flora of India at p. 82, 1st Vol. sufficos
to show the breadth and freedom of his
treatment. This large licence of expres-
sion in Oriental writers may be perhaps
considerately permitted in their trans-
lators. ThiB acconnt of tho tulips is
52
taken directly from Bdber's Memoirs who
mentions that he himself thus named the
tulip alluded to in the text. He also
noticed in the skirts of the same hills
below Parwdn, the Idlah i fad barg or
hundred-leaved tulip, found only in one
narrow spot emerging from the straits
of Ghorband. This flower Erskine calls
tho double poppy. The etymology of
Ghorband is giren by Bitber from band a
steep hill pass, and ghor the country to
which it mainly leads.
• This is mentioned by Biibor. The
namo of Khwdjah RSg i rawdn (Khwdjah
quicksand) appears in tho margin of
Blphinstone's Turki copy of Baber's
Memoirs as that of one of three person-
ages known as the 8eh Ydrdn or Three
Friends who have given this nnmo to a
fountain in the Koh Daman (Khwdjah
Seh Yardn) mentioned byBdber. The
other two are Khwdjah Maudud Chashti
and Khwdjah Khawond S^id, p. 147.
* The punctuation in the text is clear-
ly misplaced. The asterisk after J^ v^
should be removed and intervene be-
tween {i^irih and e^, the former word
losing its izdfat. Moorcroft describes
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The oldest and most learned of antiqnarianfl can give no aooonnt of its
origin, but Buppose it to be of great antiqtiity. In days of old the ancients
prepared a medicament with which they anointed corpses and consigned
them to earth in a hard soil. The simple deceived by this art, attribute
their preservation to a miracle.
The territory of Kdbnl comprises twenty Tiimdns. The Emperor B4ber
in his Memoirs sets down the revenne at twenty lakhs of Shahrukhis, in-
clusive of Tamgha^ imposts, equivalent to three laJcha and twenty thonswid
Akbar Shdhi rupees, the rupee being reckoned at forty ddm$.
these idols with hifl usual aoouraoy of
observation, (II, 887). The andexit city
of Bimiin oaUed Gnlgnla stood on a
conical hill pierced with caves. Two
colossal idols are cut out of the rock
opposite the hill on which the city stood.
The larger, said to represent a male, is
called Sang-sal, the smaller called Bhak-
muma, is said to he a female, bat the
general appearance indicates no differ-
ence of sex. Thej stand in recesses cnt
out of the rock; and both have been
mutilated. The height of the smaller
figure is 117 feet ; and the larger is pro-
bably a third more. Dead bodies have
been occasionsJlj found in subterranean
chambers which have fallen to dust on
exposure to the air. Moorcroft is con-
vinced from his intimate acquaintance
with the monasteries of Ladakh and
Ohanthan, and from the character of
the painting and sculptures, that Bimian
was the residence of a great Lama bear-
ing the same relation to the Lamaism of
the West as Lassa does to the East. The
excavations which were connected by
means of galleries and staircases, con-
stituted the accommodation of the higher
orders of the clergy and the insulated
cells were the dwellings of the lower
monastic society. The word Shak-
muma, he considers a probable corrup-
tion of Shak-muni. Bumes, eight years
later, visited Bimiin, and gives the
height of the lai^ger figure as 120 feet
and an illustration of the idols as he
saw them. He records the plastering
and the vivid colours of the paintings bat
his opinion on their origin has little to
recommend it. Masson (Joum. A. S.
Soc. 1886, p. 188) ascribes them with a
confidence not shared by his readers, to
the Bassanian age and dynasty, A. D.
220.
^ Inland tolls. See Vol. I. 189, but
Bdber's words are : " The amount of the
revenue of Kibul, whether arising from
settUd lands or reused from the ui^i-
tants of the waste, is eight lajths of
Shdhrukhis." The word * twenty ' '•^-ij
must b^ a copyist's error for *2*-«A eiglit,
as the Akbar Shihi rapee being equal
to 2} Shfihrukhis, the whole would give
exactly three lakhs and twenty thousand
rupees. The word tamgha on the case in
point, occurs later at p. 172 where Baber
says, with reference to one of his officen.
** The revenue of K<bnl arises from a
Tamgha. This tamgha I bestowed on
him, and made him at the same time
Darogha of K&bul and Pan jhir, gave him
the property tax levied from the Haz£-
rahs and conferred on him the office of
Oaptain of my Guards." Erskine notes
tamgha as the stamp tax. All animals,
goods, clothes <bc. brought into the
country are stamped or marked and a
tax collected.
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At the precient time notwithstanding the remission of varioas taxes,
by the blessing of this ever-daring role, the revenue has reached the
amount of six krdrsy seventy-three lakhsy six thousand, nine hundred and
eighty-three ddms. (Rs. 1,682,674-9.) The increase is to be attributed
to the improved state of the cultivation, and also that Farashdwar and
Athtaghar^ were not included in the former account, and lastly, that the
revenue officers of that time were not as capable as they are at present.
Sarkar of Kdhul.
Containing 22 Mahals : Revenue 80,507,465 Ddms in money : Suyur-
ghdl 137,178 Ddms. Cavalry, 28,187. Infantry, 212,700.
City of K4bul— Revenue, 1,275,841 Ddma. Cavalry, 7,000. Infantry,
15,000.
Dependenoie$ east of KdhuL
Tdmin of Bignrim
„ Neknih&l (Nangnihlr)
Bnldk i Kdmah (not recoiled)
Bevenue.
D.
9,092,410
11,894,008
Sayilrghil,
D.
1,224
I
200
i
6,000
Tribes.
North.
Bevenne.
D.
SuyfirghiU.
D.
1
1
Tribes.
T£m&n of Mandr&ar, ...
2,684,880
60
600
„ ^liahang, ...
8,701,150
1948
60
6000
^^lishiliig.
Lamgh&L
„ AUngir, ...
1,644,670
...
600
1000
Biil6k Najrio,
2,046,451
••.
8000
8000
K&ar.
Tdm&n of Loghar,
8,193,214
22,960
60
600
„ Badr&o, ... ...
418,886
•••
60
600
... ••*
„ AlsAi,
600,000
•**
...
5000
Dilaz&k.
„ Panjhir (Panjahip),
461,940
•**
...
36,000
Pani.
' A oorraption of Hashtnag^, now a
tdhea of the Peshiwar district. The
"eight towns" of which it was com-
posed were Tangi, Shirpao, Umnai,
Torangzai, Usmilnzai, Bajnr, Ohdrsada
and Paring. The last two are seated close
together in a bend of the Kihul river and
the sites of all are shown in Map IV. of
Cunningham's Anot. Ckog., p. 46.
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412
South.
Bevenne.
D.
Snydrgh^l. |'
D. S
i
Tribes.
7,087
Tdmin of Bangash,
8,332,347
87,800
Afghin.
„ Kohat, (var. Kohast. Kar-
bast.)
701,620
...
800
6000
Orakzai &o.
„ Naghr (var. Naghz.)
864,000
...
1000
7000
Afghan. Ba-
vtikhaU.>
„ Gard^z,
2,030,002
!••
200
1000
Afghin.
„ Maiddn,
1,606,799
J, 864
2OO0
...
Hazarah Mai-
ditni.
„ Ghajmln,
3,768,642
1,076
1000
5000
West
Berenae.
D.
SnyupghAl.
D.
1
l-H
Tribes.
Tumin of Farmnl,
325,712
1000
5000
„ D^man i koh,
16,461,785
...
60C0
30,000
„ Ghorband ...
1,574,760
...
seoo
50C0
Haziirahand
Turkom&n.
Zohik B^mi^,
861,760
...
200
1000
In the year 77 of the Flight (A. D. 696-7) Abdu'l Malik b. Marwan
removed Umayyah b. j^bda'l Malik from the government of Khurasan and
confen-ed it npon Hajjaj b. Yusuf of the tribe of Thakif, and sent Abdul-
lah b. Abu Bakr to Sistan, who levied an army, marched against Ran^h^l
king of K4bul. The latter unable to withstand him took refuge in the
depths of the mountains. Abdu'Uah not realising the difficulties of his
undertaking eagerly pursued. The mountaineers barricading the passes
with stone breast-works, blocked his road. The invading force was hard-
pressed and reduced to extremity through want of provisions. A.bdu'llah
was therefore compelled to purchase a retreat with the sum of 700,000
dirhams, equivalent in present money value to 3,00,000 nipees. Shuraih b.
Hani in indignation at the compact advanced to an engagement notwith-
standing hia being stricken in years, and fell bravely fighting. Hajjaj on
hearing of the event, reprimanded Abdullah and removed him from his
Var. Shahu KhaU.
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413
command. In the year 80 (A. D. 699) he appointed AbduV Rahman
b. MuJI^mmad Asb^th to conduct the war against Ran^h^l and bestowed
on him the government of Sistan and the adjacent territory, ^^bdu'r
Ba^^njn on his arrival in Kdbul adopted the former tactics, but pru-
dently occupied each defile with his pickets and pei*forming prodigies
of valour, secui*ed a large booty. The difficulties of j the country, how-
ever, prevented its permanent occupation. Hajjaj disapproving his re-
treat sent him a severe reprimand in the following terms : ** Although
your exei*tions during the present year have been strenuous, the retri-
bution demanded by your dishonourable retreat is that immediately on
the receipt of this letter, you take possession of the country. Should
you, through persistence in your own opinions or through fear of the
consequences to yourself, refuse to comply and defer operations till
the coming year, you are removed from your command, and are hereby
required to look upon Ishak b. Mnl^ammad as your commander and to
place yourself under his orders." Abdu'r Ralj^m^n, confiding in the
strength of possession, disloyally formed a compact with his officers and
refusing submission, made peace with the king of K4bul and marched
against Hajjaj. The conditions of peace were that ^-^d^'^^^^ ^^ victorious
should altogether withdraw from Kabul and in no way molest it, but if
defeated, the king should on his part afford him protection and assistance.
Hajjaj was enraged at this rebellions conduct, and gave him battle outside
the walls of Tustar.^ Abdu'r Ralj^m^n was victorious, and Hajjdj retreated
to Bafrah. A second engagement took place in which the rebel was
defeated and took refuge in the fortress of Bast^ which was held by one of
his lieutenants. This accursed of God and man, with a view to ingratiate
himself with Hajjdj, seized him with the intention of surrendering him to
Hajjaj. The king of Kdbul, on being informed of the circumstance, set
out with the greatest expedition and releasing him, returned with him
to Elibul. On several subsequent occasions, with the assistance of the
king, he continued the war but without success. In the lunar year 84,
(A. D. 703) Ranth61 overcome by the persuasion and seductive promises of
Hajjaj, sent 4-bdu'llah to him as a prisoner. The latter resenting the dis-
honour, whilst on the road, threw himself from a precipice and was killed.
In A. H. 107 (A.D. 725-6) under the caliphate of Hishdm b. ^bdul
Malik, Amin b. Abdu'llah ^ashari, governor of Khurasdn conquered Ghor,
* Now Shiister in KhozistaiL It was
first conquered in A. H. 20 in tha Cali-
phate of Omar. See my translation of
A. S. Snyuti's History of the Caliphs,
p. 136.
' Basht in Lnristln.
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4U
Oharjist&D, the territory of Nimroz^ and K&bul and made (the latter) his
capital. From that time continnonsly nnder the dynasties of Umayyah
and ^bbdsy it was held by the governor of Kharasan, nntil nnder the
Sdminis, Alptegin a slave of that Honse, withdrew from their obedience,
took possession of Ghaznin and K4bnl and asserted his independence. On
his death Sabnktegin ft^ther of the great Maf^mnd succeeded to the king-
dom, and it continued nnder the House of Qhazni. From this it passed to
that of Ghor and thence into the possession of their slaves, one of whom
was T&ju'ddin Eldoz. The kings of Khw&rizm succeeded, yielding in turn
to the Great Kddn Ghangiz Kh&n. From him it reverted to Timur and is
held by his descendants. May its f<^une, through the enduring justice,
unstinted clemency and ever increasing wisdom of the Imperial House, be
blessed by an unfading prosperity.
ArN 16.
The KarSh or Kos.
The system of survey and measurement, as promoting the interests of
civilization having deeply engaged the attention of His Majesty, directions
were issued for the ascertainment of distances and their determination
by the standard measure of the kos. The kSs was fixed at 100 tandbsy^
each consisting of 50 Ildhi gaz, or of 400 poles (^J^ bdns) each pole of 12^
gag. Both of these measurements give 5000 gax to the Jcds,
Whenever His Majesty travels, the distances are recorded in pole-
^ UBoallj applied to SejesUbi. Elliot.
Arabs in Bind, p. 172.
' See p. 61 of this Yolame. This snb-
jeot 18 disonssed bj Elliot (Races, N.-W.
P. II. 194). Cunningham (Anot. G^g. of
Ind. App. B. p. 571) and Tieffenthaler
(I. 28). To the measurements of Abnl
Fazl, I maj add the length of the kda,
as fixed by B&ber. On Deo. 19th, 1626
he gave orders, as his Memoirs record,
to have the distance measured between
^gra and E&bnl ; that at every 9 ^a,
a mindr should be raised 12 gcu in height
snrmonnted by a pavilion ; that at every
10 Ttds, a post-house for 6 horses should
be placed. The kds was fixed in con-
formity with the mil according to the
following verse in Turki.
Four thousand paces are one mA
Enow that the men of Hindust^
call it a hwroh.
This pace is a cubit and a half;
Every cubit is six hand-breadths ;
Each hand-breadth is six inches;
and again each inch
Is the breadth of six barleyooms.
Know all this.
The measuring tandb, waste consist of
40 goM or paces, each measuring one and
a half of the cubit that has been men-
tioned and so equal to nine hand-breadths,
and 100 of these tandbs were to go to
one k68. — Erskine adds that the larger
ga» or pace was 9 band-breadths ; the
sm aHer or cubit, 6 hand-breadths.
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measnrementB bj oarefnl surveyors, and their oaloulations are audited by
the superintendent and inspector.
Sh^r Khin fixed the k6$ at 60 jaiibs^ each of 60 Sikandari gag which
measurement is employed in the Delhi country. In Mdkoah it consists of
90 tandbs of 60 gaz each and in Oujardt is called the cow kSs, that is, the
greatest distance at which the ordinary lowing of a cow can be heard,
whioH is put by experts at 50 Jarihs. In Bengal it is called dhapiyah}
which is the distance that a fast runner can traverse at one breath. Some
assert that it is the distance within which a green leaf placed on the head
of one who walks rapidly, will become dry.
In ancient tables of measurement bjfarsakh of distances and magnitudes,
it is recorded that the circumference* of the globe according to the method
of the old geographers, was 8000/ar^A;^, but 6,800 of the modem school,
wliile all agree in defining Skfarsahh as three kSs. The former made the
hds 3000 gaz, each gaz of 32 digits. The latter fixed it at 4000 gaz, each of
24 digits. The digit with both was the breadth of six ordinary barley-
ooms placed front to back in succession, and the breadth of each barley-
corn was equal to the thickness of six hairs of the mane of a Turki horse.
To short-sighted superficial observers, it would appear that these two sys-
tems difEer in their estimate of the k6$y but it is clear to the perspicacity of
the far-seeing that their conclusion is the same, and the apparent difference
is caused by the variance in the number of the digits as may be proved by
the rule of proportion. This consists of four numbers, the first bearing the
same ratio to the second, as the third does to the fourth, as for instance, two
is to four as eight is to sixteen. Of the properties of this relation one is
this that the product of the extremes is equal to the product of the means,
as is evident from the example above mentioned. The proof is given in the
19th proposition of the 7th book of Euclid^ where the apparent contradic-
■ Properly nPtoT. The word is Hindi
and not Bengali as might be inferred
from the text. It means a short mn ac-
cording to Wilson's Glossary, about i of
a ko$ or half a mile.
' The oircomf erence of the earth, ao-
oovding to onr oalcnlations is 24,897
miles and the farsdkh is aboat 8| English
miles; there are of coarse many local
variations, ^amdn'llah Mnstanfi, the
author of the Nnzhat'nl l^oldb, says that
the farsdkh under the Kaianian dynasty
contained 3 miles of 12,000 feet : that of
Khwarism was 15,000 yards ; in Azar-
bij£n and Armenia, 12,000 yards, while in
the two Ira'ks and the neighbonring pro-
Tinoes it was reckoned at 6000 yards, and
in some other places at 8000. The diver-
sity is noticed by Pliny. Persoe sohoBnos
et parasangas alii alia mensnra deter-
minant.— See Ibn Hankal. Onseley.
Pref.
* The Elements of Enolid were restor-
ed to Europe by translations from the
Arabic which were began to be made
under the Caliphs Hariin and Mamiin
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410
tion is removed. The ratio of 8000 to 4000 is the ratio of 24 to 32.
Although the four numbers are here severally distinct, the prodaei of
3000 and of 32 whioh are the extremes, is equal to the product of 4000 and
of 24 whioh are the means, namely, 96,000. Thus the result in both is the
same, and the discrepancy in the number of yards is through the difllerence
in the number of digits. Each farsahh therefore consists of 12,000 gat
(of 24 digits) according to the measure of the moderns or of 9000 (of 32
digits) according to the gas of the ancients. The properties and virtues of
these proportional numbers are manifold. Among them are the following :
If one of the extremes be unknown, multiply the means together and
divide by the known extreme, and the quotient is the unknown extreme.
For instance in the given example, if 2, the first extreme, be unknown, by
multipljdng the means together which are 4 and 8, we get 32. Dividing
this by 16, the quotient (2) is the unknown extreme. In the same way, if
the other extreme, which is 16, be unknown, by dividing the product of
the means by 2, the known extreme, the quotient is 16. Again, if the
unknown quantity be one of the means, we divide the product of the
extremes by the known mean, and the quotient is the unknown mean. For
example, if 4, the first mean, be unknown, by dividing the product of the
extremes, which is 32, by the known mean which is 8, the quotient is 4.
at a time when the very namo of that
geometrician had disappeared from the
West. Na?im'ddiu T^si (s^ P *i ^' ^ <>'
this Volnmc) in the preface to his Arabic
Edition of the thirteen books of the
Elements, describes their original com-
position by EncHd and the snbseqaeut
addition of two books by Bypsidoa who
is disguised under the name o ,^j«^-^l
(probably a copyist's error for ^j»jJtg-**'jt )
of Ascalon. The attempts of sacoeed-
lug geometricians to add to or explain
the Elements are enumerated, and the
reasons that led to his own. This edi-
tion, excellent in type but somewhat
faulty in the orthography of the Arabic,
was printed in Rome in 1594 and from
it I transcribe the enunciation of the
proposition referred to in the text.
^liJr ^j:-^ ^yi ^j jjjrf ^kwo
^3 ^^yxJ\ ^J:-^ ^y» 4^
t. e. : eV' ^^
** When four numbers are proportiondila,
the product of the let aud 4th » the pro-
duct of the 2nd and 3rd, and if the product
of the Ist and 4ith = the product of the
2nd and 3rd, the ratio of the 1st is to the
2nd as the ratio of the 3rd to the 4th."
The proof follows. The 7th, 8th and
9th books of Euclid treat of the funda-
mental properties of numbers on whioh
the rules of arithmetic must be founded.
The 10th is the development of all the
preceding ones, geometrical and aritlv
metical. When the modern system
began to prevail, these books were
abandoned to the antiquary. In Smith's
Dictionary art. Euoleides, the Greek and
Arabic editions of the Elements are folly
discussed and enumerated.
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And if the second mean, 8, be nnknown, bj dividing the prodact of the
extremes bj 4, tbe quotient is 8.
By the same means the distance and altitude from the base of a given
object can be ascertained. A staff of a given height is fixed upright. Its
shadow and that of the elevate object are measured. The ratio of the
shadow of the staff to the staff is proportional to the ratio of the shadow of
the object-height to the height itself. Again, a sfcaff is fixed in the ground
in the same line with the height to be measared and regarded from such a
point that the line of vision may pass over the top of the staff to the sum-
mit of the object-height ; the ratio of the distance from the stand-point of
vision to the base of the staff is to the height of the staff as the ratio of the
distance from the same point to the base of the object is to the height of
the object. And if the altitude of an object be measured in a mirror
or water and the like, a position must be taken whence the incident line of
vision may strike the summit of the (reflected) object- height. The ratio
of the distance of the reflected summit from the foot of the spectator is to
his height as the ratio of the distance of the same point from the base
of the object is to the height of the object. And if it be required to find
the depth of a well, the observer must stand where his line of vision
traversing the brink of the well touches the level bottom of the well on the
side opposite to him. The ratio of the distance of the brink of the well
from the foot of the observer is to his height as the breadth of the well is
to its depth. 1
Some take the harid as the standard measure of length and make.
3 farsakh.
3 mil
12,000 bd^ (pole).
4 gaz,
24 digits.
6 barleycorns.
6 hairs of a mule's tail.
1 harid equal to
1 farsakh „
1 mil „
A hdft „
1 gaz „
1 digit „
1 barleycorn „
According to the Hindu philosophers —
8 barleycorns stripped of husks
and laid breadth-ways make 1 digit (angusht),
24 digits n 1 dast (cubit).
4 dast „ 1 dand (pole or perch) or dhanuh,
2000 dand „ 1 karSh or kos.
4 karoh „ 1 yoojana.
> This method of calcalating distance
and altitudes is more soientifically given
63
with illastrations in the Sidhanta Siro-
mani of Pandit Bapn Deva.
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418
Some measure by the steps of a woman with a water- jar on her head
and carrying a child in her arms, reckoning a thousand snch steps to a
kds.
Praise be unto God idiat the institutes of imperial administration hare
been completed and a general survey of the Empire, by the aid of dirine
grace, placed upon record. The numbers of the tribal contingents and the
chronology of the ancient kings with some other particulars have cost
considerable labour, and from the conflicting accounts received, I was well
nigh relinquishing the task, but the decrees of fate cannot be resisted. I
have set down what has best commended itself to my judgment, hoping
that it may win lustre from the light of public acceptance and its errors
escape the carping of illiberal criticism.
End op Volume IT.
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INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME
OF THK
ArN I AKBABf.
[ The nombera refer to the pagea ; ». Beang ' footnote.' ]
Aai
^DILABiCD, 223.
Aim 8h£h, 226, 227.
Aidil Shih Ajni, 226.
Ailam SlUili, 218.
Aifimi, 10.
Aa'iham of Edfa, 88 n 1.
AbbiB-b-Mafa'b, 85 n 8.
Abbaarides, The, 345 n 1, 414.
Abdarah route, 400.
Adinahptir, 405.
Abdul All TarkhlUi, 846.
Abdal Jalil, Al^mad Sanjari, 11.
Abdol Mikri, 889 and n 3.
Abdul MaHk.b.Marw&n, 412.
AbdnUab Aiunir, 844 n 2.
^bdnllah-b-Aba Bakr, 412.
AbdnrBashld, 402 nl.
Abdor RabnUn-b-Mu^d. Ash^th, 413.
Abdnr Baxtilf. of Bind, 346 n 1.
.4^, signification of the term, 848 n 2.
Abn^ The, 82 » 2.
Abraha, 27 n 1.
Abn Ali-b-Maakawaih, 5 n.
Aba Bakr Shih, 307.
Ab^garh,251, 271.
Abd 9£mid, A^ad-b-Moi^ammad a^
$aghini, 7n.
Abn ^imid al Ghazz^li, 8 n.
Abn ^imid An^ari, 8 n.
Abu Hanifa, 352 n 1.
Abd ^anifah Dinawari, 34 n 3.
Aba Is^j^ Bazsdz, 35 n 5.
54
Abn Ul^Hf. Ibrahim-b-^bib, 9.
Abd l^iflim Ka*bi, 85 n 7.
Abn Mf »Bhar of Balkh, 10, 22 and n 2.
Abn Mnbammad al Khojandi, 5 n.
Abd Mdsa Ash^, 27 w 8, 60, 344 n 2.
Abn Na^r Ya^ya b. Jarir at Takriti, 9.
Abn Bashid, 12.
Abd Bayll^an, 7 n.
Abn Baza' Yazdi, 11.
Abn Saa'd Abdnl K^rim Muhammad, 9.
Abd Said, Mina, 220 and n 5, 389.
Abd Safydn, 34 n 7, 60.
Abn Tayyib Sind-b-Ali, 8 » 8.
AbnV A^?, 217 n 2.
Abnl Fadhl Ma'aha^llah, 10.
Abiia Paraj, 5 «, 6 it 7, 83 n 8 » 5.
Abnl Faral^ Sbirdzi, 8 n.
Abn'l Fatb a? §dfi, 11.
Abn'l Fatb Abdnrraj^mdn Sanjari, 11.
Abnl Fazl, 2 n 2, 3 n 1, 26 m 2, 86 n 4^
56 n 8, 63 » 1, 128 It 5, 146 », 163 n 2,
169 H 2, 172 M 2, 180 n 5, 189 #• 2, 214
n 1, 216 n 1, 227 w 2, 240 n 7, 265 n I,
270 It 2, 278 #• 3, 280 n 1, 800 » 1, 309
n 3, 326n 2, 337 n 1, 849 n 2, 359 n 2,
863, 1, 898 n 6, 414 n 2.
Abnl ^asan Fdrsi, 35 n 8.
Abnl l^asan Tdsi, 9.
Abnl l^assan, 6.
Abn'l ^nsain, 88 n 1.
Abnl j^dsim, 6.
Aba'l ^iaim as Saraki, 8.
Abal ^iaim KmU, 35 n 12.
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420
Abnl Mabiuin, 81 n 8, 84 fi 8, 85 n 4.
Abnl Wafi Ndrhini, n 8.
Abu't Tayyib-b-Abdillah, 9.
AbysBioia, 27 n 8.
Academy, The, 882 n 1.
Achtihanhinif an, 288.
Aobh Dal, 358.
Adab fi istim&l il ^isib, 10.
AdiLb-ul-K^tib, 32 n 6.
^dani Tables, 11.
Adam, 15 n 1, 2h
Adam, Era of, 21.
Adhadi Oanon, 8 n.
Adhad-ad-danlah, 4 n 2, 8, 88 n 8.
Adili, 221 1» 8.
Adin&tb, 247 n 2.
Adin, B&j6, 877 n 1.
Adindera, B^j&, 886.
Aditya Ponw£r, 215.
Adw&r i Kar&in, 9.
Afgbdn, 402.
Afghins, The, 401 n 4, 404.
AiriiBi^b, 118 n 2.
Afridi, 402.
Afzal, 266 n. 8.
Africa, 19 « 1, 26 it 6.
Agni, 214 n 2.
Agnikula, The, raoeB, 166, 217 n 2.
Agni Farina, 210 n 1, 211 n 1, 215 n 1,
800 nl.
Agra, 98, 179, 221, 289 n7, (267,) 278
309, 414 n 2.
Agra (dlBtriot), 167.
Agra, Sdbah of, 70, 89, 91, 99, 179, 278,
809 n 8.
Agra, Sark&r of, 96, 182.
AhirB, The, 248.
Abmad Abd41i, 408 n 4.
A^iiutd Abdul- Jalil Sanjari, 11.
A^mad-b-Abdu*llah Jabi, 7.
A^mad-b-Md.-b-a^-TaTyib, 9.
A^mad-b-Isl^ak SarakhBi, 9.
Al^mad Khin, 219.
A^mad of Gnjer&t, 219 and n 1, 220, 226,
261, 264, 267.
A^mad of Samar^nd, 220 n 4.
A^^mad of the Peooan^ 220.
A\^mad&b&d, 115, 226, 288 n 4, 240, 242,
249, 261, 264.
A^adib&d, Sark&r of, 252.
A|^mad-b-Sayy£r, 85 n 4^
Abmadnagar, 115, 222, 228, 238 and n 4,
261.
Abmadpdr, 246.
Al^mad Bhih II, 266 n 8, 267.
Ahsh&m BhatU Tribe, The, 889.
Absan Khin, 226.
AI^Ban at Ta^m, 84 n 2.
Ahw&zi al, 11.
Aimaks The, 401 n 4.
Aish, 359,— Ma^&m, 859 « I.
Aj, 271.
Ajaipil, 268.
Ajas, 864.
Ajodhya, 171, 805, 809 n. 8.
Ajmere, Sarkir of, 102, 267, 270, 272.
Ajmere, 8dbah of, 102, 108, 267,287,
826.
Ajmere, 195, 217 n 2, 289, 271, 810.
AV&bain, 403 n 2.
Akbar, 1 n 1, 86 m 1, 89 n 1, 114 », 117
n 1, 123 ft 1, 126 M 2, 127 n 2, 167 » 2,
170n 6, 174fi8, 180 n 8, 222 9»1,225
n 1, 231 n 4, 239 n 1, 241 n, 245 f»8,
283 n 1, 811 n 1, 2 d; 8, 815 n 2, 324
n 2, 359 n 2, 880 n, 881 n 8, 393-4
n4.
Ahhar Shdhi C^, 61.
Akcheh, 56 and n 2.
Akesines, The, 810 n 7.
Akhai, 399 n 2.
Akkah Bihibi, 11.
Akhl&ki Ni^iri, 5 n.
A 120.
'Alai, The, of Shirwini, II.
Alda'ddin, 8 n.
AU'uddin of Bengal, 169 n 3.
AU'addin Al Khw&razmi, 11.
Ali^nddin Mas'iid Ghori, 298, 804.
^LUUddin, 149, 230 n 1.
Alanddin fmdd Sh&h, 238 n 4.
4Llanddin Khilji, 269, 806.
AUnddrn ^ilam Shih, 808, 309 and ft I,
885.
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Google
421
Al4iiddm of Kashmir, 877 n 1, 887.
41^'nddm SUh, 217> 226 n^ 268, 879»
280,806.
Al BanOlnsi, 10.
Al Batt&ni, see Battini, al.
Al Bedfi, 6.
Al Bidijah wan Nih&yah, 34 n 1.
Albirdni'fl chronology, 7, 9, 10, 11, 21 n
I and 2^ 82 fi 1 and 8, 26 n 2, 27 n
and n 1, 28 *t 8 and 4, 20 fi 8, 81 n, 406
m4.
Albirtini*8 India, 7, 10, 11, 18 ft 1 and 4,
20 II 1, 116 H, 121 n 4.
Al Binini, 1 n 2, 2 « 2, 7, 9, 14 n, 20, 21
n 2, 22 notes, 25 n 4.
Albnmaser, 10.
Aleppo, 7, 19 n 1.
Alexander the Great, 28 m 1, 24, 119 and
n 1, 296 ft 1, 810 ft 7» 811 ft 2, 815 ft 1,
324 ft 1, 889 ft 1, 842 ft, 881 ft 4, 898.
Alexandria, 88 n 2.
Alexandria Esobata, 119 n 1.
Alexandria Opiana, 400 n 1.
Al Fadhl-b-Sahl, 9.
Al Fasari, 9.
Al 9£kimi, 4 ft 2.
Al H&rtini, 9.
Al ^&sib or the Be(d:oner, 7.
All, 171 ft 6, 844 and ft 2.
AH al Khisin al Marwasi, 11.
4U Beg, Shaikh, 889, 890.
4li-b-Amajdr, 6.
AU K^ Khan, 170 ft 6.
All Mohio, 851.
4U Sbih of Kashmir, 877 ft 1, 887, 888
and ft 1.
Alishang, 406.
Al Kindi, 10.
Alia, Emperor, 305 n 2.
Allahabad, Bdbah of, 78, 89, 115, 151,
170.
Allahabad, Sarkar of, 89.
AUahabid, 149, 167 n 2, 170 n 6, 179.
Almagest of Ptolemy, 8 ft 2, 8, 28, 26.
Al Maghfizi was Si jar, 82 n 1.
Almanac, definition of, 12,
Al Maufdr (Ooliph), 9, 33.
Al M&mtim, see Mimtin.
Al Moatadhid (Caliph j, 9.
Al Mosta'in, 10.
Alor, 827 ft 8, 887 and ft 1, 839 ft 1, 343.
Alp Khim, 218.
Alpt^gin, 414.
Alptegiir, 414.
Alwar, 181.
Al84,407.
Altmish, Malik, 808 and ft 2.
Altodn Kh£n, 118 ft 2.
Alwand, 161 ft 6.
Alwar, Sarkir of, 96, 191.
Amamath cave, The, 859-60 n 2, 860.
Amb^, 267.
AnUn, The, 66 and n 1.
Amfn-b-i^bdollah ^^hari, 413.
Amir Fat^^n'llah Shirisi, 80.
Amir Khnsran, 279.
Amir Sayyid Mnhd. Ndr Bakbsh, 352 ft 1.
Amrioti rill, 868.
^mr-b-Lo^ayy, 26 ft 8.
Anagah, 404, n 8.
AnangpUl, 800.
Ancient Geogpraphy of India, 278 ft 8,
891-2 ft 7.
Andhras, Narapati, 280 ft 1.
Andejdn, 404 n 5.
Anderib, 899, 400 and ft 1.
Anhil, 262.
Anhilpdr, 262.
Anhilwarah, 244 ft 16, 247 n 4.
Anqaetil de Perron, 871 ft 6.
Ansibnimah-i-afiighina, 401 ft 2.
Angara, The, 8 ft.
Antiooh, 26.
Antonins of Rome, Era of, 26.
Apelava, 278 ft 2, 286 n 1
Arabia, 49 » 2, 110 n 1.
Arabian Nights, The, 887 ft 1.
Arabs, Eras of the, before IsUm, 26.
Arabs, The, 827 ft 3.
Ardish Mabfili 122 n 1, 128, ft 2.
Arakan, 119, 120 and ft 1.
Arakhosia, The, 120 ft 4.
AdLm Sh&h, 808.
I Ai*amHie, 248.
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Google
422
Arand, The, 157.
Ijayalli, 268 and n 2*
Arh, 115 nl.
Arba'in, 84 n 8.
▲rohimedes, 2 « 8, 8 and n 2.
▲rdashir, 28 fi 4.
Argfaand^b, The, 894 n 2U
Arghun, 29 n 2.
Arghwdn tree, 408 n 5«
Argyra, 120 n 1,
Aristarohas, 2 n 2, 2 « 3, 8 and n 2.
Aristotle, 58 n 1 and 2, 54 fi 1, 881 n 4.
Arjnn, 214 n 2, 282, 284, 886w
Arkand, 10.
Armenia, 415 n 2.
Aror, 837 n 1.
Arpat, The, 855 n 1.
Arrian, 810 n 5, 844 n 2*
ArridGBOB, Era of, 28.
Ard, 269, 270.
»A8l, 12.
AsiAhir, 228n U
Asiba'i, Tables, 11.
Asad Tribe, 845 i» 1.
Aslif, an idol, 26 n 8.
A^af Eh4n, 867.
Aslif Eh&n, Ehwijah, 88.
ABSa7li^,844n2.
As Sajnti's History of the GaUphs, 226
n4.
Ashik&n Arifdn, 404 n.
AshwatthUmi, 226, 271, 284.
Asiatio Besearches, 18 n 1, 116 n and n
], 120 ft 5, 210 » 2, 216 M 1, 268 n 2,
800 M 1, 862 n 1,
Asiatic Sooietj, 88 n 1.
Asiatio Society of Bengal, Journal of,
216 n 8, 279 n 1, 864, n 1.
Asiatio Society, Joomal of, 1 n 1, 896 n 2.
'Asir, 222, 228 and n 1, 224, 225, 226.
Asi, The, 168.
Afma'i, 82 n 4.
Asoka, 214 n 2, 855 n 2, 882 and » 1, 884
nl.
Aspen tree. The, 868 n 8.
Asper, 56 A 2.
Assam, 117 n 8, lia
Anaessment, €k}Teniment, 388 n 2.
AstrowmUa Jrloboroto, 8 n 2.
Astronomy, Indian, 12.
A^ Benares, 811 and n 8, 890, 891, 398.
^t^nddin Jnwaini 85 n 14.
Ath&r-Ql BOfijA, 1 n 2, 2 f» 2, 20m 1.
At Tamimi, 10.
Attock, 811, n 8.
Attok, 119 n 1.
Anchar, The, 855 n 1.
Angostan Era, 25.
Angnstns, 25 m 5.
Anrangzeb, 225 « 1, 280 n ], 831 n 4,
240n4,848nl.
Autocracy, 51.
Ayanlipdra, 356 n 8.
Avatdr, 16 fi 1, 171 n 8, 281.
Avioenna, 88 n 3, 36 it 5.
Ayicenna, Chronogram on, 86.
Awadh, 115, 171.
Awin, a tribe, 296 n 1.
Ayesha, 852 » 1.
Asarbijin, 4 ti 4^ 415 n 2.
Ashdark(^, 894.
B.
fAA\ 36.
B&b4 N&nak, 324 n. 2.
BiU Wali, 324 n 2.
Bkh& Zainuddin Bfshi, 859.
B£ber, 124 n 5, 149, 151 n 1, 170ff 6,
180, 194 n 1, 220 n 5, 221 n 2, 268 n 4,
265, 266 n 2, 281 n 1, 808 n 1, 809, 388
n 1, 346n 8, 848 n 1, 381 n 2, 889 and
9»3,392n3and4,398i»2,896,897A
1 and 4, 898 n 6, 399 n 2 and 3, 400
II, 1, 401 n 8 and4,408n5,404n5
and 6, 405 n 1, 2 and 3, 405 and ns
406 notes, 407 n 1, 2 and 4, 408 and n
2, 409 nl and 2, 410 and n 1, 414i»2.
B&ber's Memoirs, 124 n 5, 151 n 1, 264
n, 281 n 1, 826 » 2, 388 n 1, 346 n 3,
348 n 1, 881 n 2, 891 » 2, 398 n 6, 399
n 8, 400, 402 » 1, 405 n, 409 n 1 and
2, 414 n 2.
Bdb^ri, The, a coin, 886.
B£ber B&dshah, 408 n 5.
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Google
433
B&briawAr, 247 ft 1.
BIbriyas, The, 247, 266.
Babylon, Well of, 859.
Baobgotifl, The, 163 n 1.
Bactria, 119 n 2, 400 n 1.
Badakhahio, 220 n 5, 812, 852 % 1, 899.
Bidal, 270.
B£d£m Cbashmah pass, 899 and n 1.
Badion, 280, 309.
Badion, Sarkir of, 104, 288.
BidheOah, 244.
Ba^b^ls, The, 248, 250.
Badrio,406.
Bada Shah, 868 and n 2.
Bigar, 166 n 2.
Baghdad, 8 and n 2, 4 and na 1 and 2, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 82 fM 1, 8, 4 and 5, 60.
Bigh^h, 244, 248, 263. Princes of, 260.
Bagh i ^4, 405.
Waf a, 405.
Bagia, Sark&r of, 123, 184.
Baglinah, 195, 251, 271.
Bigris, The 166 n 2.
Bahidor Kh£n, 170 n 6, 809.
Bahldnr Khin Firo\\, 222 n 1,226, 227
Bahadur Shih, 149, 218, 227.— SolUn,
846.
B4hligh£], 406 n 6.
Bahin'ddin ZakanyA, Shaikh, 827 and
a 2, 385.
Ba^,49.
Bahjat ol Fikar fi Hall ish Shams wal
^mar, 10.
Bahlol, Snlt^n, 170, 280. Lodi, 808, 809
835, 838 and n 1, 889.
Bahl<$lp6r, 311.
Bahmani dynasij. The, 220 n 1, 238 n 4.
Bahhtioh, 69, 172 and n 1, 402.
Babrain, 56, 844, 116.
Bahrah, 405 n 2.
Bahr&m, 308.
Bahriun Gk>r, 210, n 4, 215 n 1.
Babroch, Sarkir of, 255.
BaihalF, 84 n 8.
Baihallpi, al, 84 n 8.
Baiha^, Khw&ja Abnl-Fasl, 85 n 2.
Baflly, Mr., 13 n 1.
Baiones, 247 n 2.
BaitaHUii, The, 219 n 1.
Bajaor, 347, 391 and n 7, 392, 398 n 6
401 n 3.
B^ tax, 867 n 8.
B&karganj District, 116 n 8.
B&kharai, al, 34 m 8.
Bdkhtar, 278 n 8.
Bakshd, 159.
BaliMlitTa, Uiji, 886.
BHi Hiss&r 404 n.
Balandari Kdtal, 391.
Balandri, 891 n 4.
Balandshahr, 179 n 8, 284 n 2.
B&Iap6r, 229.
Balan, 362.
Balan Nilg, (a pool), 862.
Balbbadra, 127 n 4, 318.
Baldah, 168 and n 2.
Baldeo, 246 n 5.
Baligh, The, 8 n.
BsMfiy 26 n 8.
Balkafi, 47.
Balkh, 10, 22, 35 notes 6, 7 and 10, 894,
399,402.
Balkhi, al, 35 n 6.
Baln&t, 864 n 8.
Balnith, 390-1 n 4.
Bilnlth (Jogi), 315 and n 1.
Bilnath ka Tila, 315 n 1.
Baloch, The, 337 and n 8.
Bal6t, 308.
BaldLma, 250 n 1.
Balsir, 243.
Baltal, 859 n 2.
Baltist^n, 351 n 2.
Baliiohistan, 311, 337 f» 2 and 8, 341 m 1.
Bambhra ka thdl, 336 n 4.
B6mi&n, 400 and n 1, 409-10 n 8, (Idols
of, 409 n 3.)
Banikit, 33 n 4.
Ban£kiti al, 33 n 4.
Bandah, 228.
Bandar L&hari, 836.
B^ndhd, 157, 195.
Bang, 120.
Bangihal, 310 n 6.
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Google
424
ftatigaah, 401, Tdmdn of, 407.
B&nih&l, 847, 861.
Bani Najr^n, 57.
Bani Taghlib, 67.
Bani Umayyah, 121 n 4.
Banj&rah, 280.
Banjar land, 68, 67, 68.
Banjir, B&ji, 888.
Bdns, The, 414.
Banswilah, 195, 251, 267.
Bann Diet., The, 898 n 2
Banu Mohallab, 345 n 1.
Bann Tamim An^iri, 845 and n 1.
Baoria, tribe, 164 n 1.
B&P&, 268, 270 n 2.
Bappa Rawal, 268 and n 4.
B&ra Banki Dist., 174 n 8.
Bar&n, The, 406»
Bard Singha, The, 858 n 8.
Baramola, 856 n 8, (pass,) 859 n 2, 86 n 1.
B&rbak, 170 and n 6, 809, 835.
Birbak (Shah), 149.
Barbak&b&d, 120, 124, 187.
Barbary goat, The, 125, 152.
Barcelona, 25 n 5.
Bardd, 248 n 8.
Barhat fruit. The, 162 n 8.
Bdri, 811.
Band Sh4hi dynasty. The, 288 n 4.
Ban Doib, 812, (Sarkir of, 818,) 326 n
2, 829, 882.
B&rik&b, 399 n 1.
Barkha season. The, 18.
Barkhak&l months, The, 18.
Bami, The, 158.
Bamagan, 242.
Bami, a historian, 806.
Baroda, 242 n 18, 248 n 1, 251 n 2, 262 n.
Baroda, Sarkfir of, 289, 255.
Barra, 244, 248.
Barmj, 216.
Basht, fortress of, 418.
B&sim, 230.
B&sim, Sark4r of, 285.
Basrah, 82 n 4, 88 n 2, 84 n 7, 60 n 2
and 4, 121. 841 w 1, 344 n 1, 418.
Baaa^, 243.
Bastar, 228.
BaMi,44«
Ba^ilah, 228.
Ba^Uh, Sarkir of, 110.
Ba^an, 402, 808.
Batiyia, 124 n 5.
Batiilah, 281.
Batiilah, Sarkir of, 237.
Bitrak, The, 289.
BatULni, al, 4n 8, 8, 28, 25,
Batwah, 240.
Banpdr, 810 n 8.
Bawan, Spring of, 858 n 4.
Bawar Sindh, 861.
B&war, 402.
Bayinwin, Sarkir of, 188.
Bayazid Khan, 149.
Baybars, SnltAn, 84 n 4.
Bay4hAwi, l^&4i Ni^hAm, 86 n 2.
B&yizid, 222.
Bayle, Monsienr, 88 n 6.
Bayley, 196 n 1, 281 n 8, 240 n 4 and 7,
243 n 8 and 4, 244 n 1, 246, i» 1, 24611
6, 248 n 2, 251 » and n 2, 252 « 1 and
8, 262 n 1, 268 n 2, 264 n and » 8, 266
tw 2, 8 and 4, 266 iw 1 and 8, 267 n,
268 n 7.
Bizirak rente, 899, 400 and n 1.
Bfiz Bah&dnr, 222.
Bizohi, 124, 187.
Bfizohi, Sark&r of, 121, 124.
Bazwal, 861.
Beames, Mr., 161 n 1, 168 n 2, 287 « 2.
Be4s, The, 810 n 4, 826 n 2, 326 n 2.
Behir, 116, 120, 148, 149, 160 » 2, 167,
170, 809, 881.
Beh&r, Sark&r of, 168.
Benires, 61 n 1, 168, 884, 886.
Benires, Sark4r of, 89, 162.
Bengal, 61 n 1, 116 n 1, 117 notes, 119,
120, 122, 123 n 8, 124 n 5, 126 n 2,
126, 127 n 2, 188 n 6, 146, 148, 149,
150 n 2, 162, 168 n 1, 172 n 1, 180, 219
nl,229nl, 804,806,806,886,416.
Bengal, Sdbah of, 116, 129.
Benon AmWjonr, 6.
Bentley, Mr., 18 n 1.
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Google
425
BeHr. Sdbah of, 222, 229, 281 » 4, 288 f»
4,268.
Berbrngger, 2 n 2.
Bernier, 348 n 1. —'a Yojaget, 856 n 1.
BernooUi, 89 n 8, 93 n 2, 121 m 2, 128 »
1, 214 71 1, 246 n 5, 814 n 1.
Beasns, 119 n 1.
Be^h, deriyation of, 815 n 2.
B^h Jilandhar, 311,— Dolb, 828.
Bet Jllandhar Doib, Sarkir of, 815, 881.
Betwi, The, 196.
Beyeridge's, Mn. Akbar, 246 n 1, 404
»8.
Bejt, 246 n 1.
Bhabh6t, 248.
Bhidar, The, 245 and n 6.
Bhad<5i, 89.
Bhadiwali, 809 n 8.
Bhadia,281.
Bhadrichalam, 228 n 6.
Bhadrak, 127, 148.
BhadriU hiUs, 810.
Bhagd, The, 311.
Bhagavata, The, 312 n 4.
Bh^girathl, The, 129 n 6.
Bhagrat, B&ja, 147.
Bhakar, 267, 337 n 1.
Bhakkar, 827, 828, 838, 886, Sarkar of,
839.
Bhdl ha T{rath, 246.
Bhangrdd, The, 124.
Bhankdr^, 243.
Bhariitoh, Sarkir of, 93, 176.
Bharata, B&j£, 282.
Bharoj, 243.
Bhan, The, 161 n 2.
Bhathkhora, Sark4r of, 166.
Bhl^t Kand, 246 n 5.
Bh^ 116 and n 3.
Bhitia fort, 339 n 1.
Bhi%a, The, 249.
Bhatti^um, 166 n 2.
Bha^ Bijpntfl, The, 839 n 1.
BhatU, The, 250 n 1.
Bhavishya'pitrana, 221 n 1.
BhawalpOr, 330 n 2.
Bh^h, 811, 322 n 1.
BhilB, The, 246 n 5.
ahimaaena, 282.
Bhimbar, 810.
Bhimbar, The, 822 n 1.
Bhimbhar, 347 and n 2.
Bhimrdjt The, 125 n 1.
Bhiahma, 284, 285.
Bhoja, Bij&, 197, 215 n 2, 216, and n 1,
217 n 1.
Bhnj, 250.
BMim Champah, 229 and n 1.
Bhortpdr, 165 n 1.
BhntUn, 123 n 6.
Bhntesar temple, 364.
Biih, The, 804, 310, 311, 812, 826.
Biahknnd, 810.
Bi&nah, 180, 181, 221 n 2.
Bibliotheqoe Rojale, 843 n 2.
Bidar, 226, 228.
Bidaspea, The, 811 n 1.
Bidaata, The, 311.
B^gha, The, 61 n 2, 62.
BigdLm, 891, 892.
Bihat, The, 311, 812, 826 and n 2, 355
and n 4, 356 n 8, 859 n 2, 361, 364
391.
Bijagarh, Sarkir of, 112, 196, 204.
Bijainand, 215.
Bijanag^, 251 n.
Bijapiir, 313.
Bija Rio, 229.
Bijaj M&nik, 117.
BijiyiLbhinandan, Bijd, 16.
Bikaner, 267, 271, 310, 336.
Bikin^r, Sarkir of, 102, 270, 277.
Bikhan Kh&n, 170.
Bikr&mjit, 197, 215, 384.
Bikrimajit, hia era, 15,
BiUl-b-abi fiardah, 60 and n 2.
Bil^pnr, 303 n 1.
Bildeya Ghaohin, 800.
Bilgrim, 178.
Bimbar, 347, 391.
Bipiaha, The, 310.
Biragarh, 228, 230.
Biram, 247.
Bird, Mr., 263 n 2.
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Google
426
Bir Sing, 189 n 2-
Biriin.i-Paiiinad, 825 and n 2, 830, 383.
Blrnwi, 863.
Bishop Thirlwall, 810 n 7.
Biwfah, 62.
Biswamitra Bikhesar, 280.
Bisujdnsah, 62.
BitiJtcW, The, 47.
Bloobmann, 14 n, 836 n 4.
Bokh4ra, 36 w 5, 220 n 6, 899 n 2, 400 n
1,404.
Bolan, The, 837 n 4.
Bolan chain, The, 366 n 8.
Bombay, 66 n 6.
B6rg&<$n, 222.
Botanical QardonB, Calcntta, 117 n 8,
124 n 1 and 6, 151, n 4.
Brahmi. 18, 16. 162, 171, n 3, I72n4,
231, 318 n 2. 854, 881 n 2.
Brahmfi, a day of, 16, 880.
Brahma Gay&, 162.
Brahminibfiid, 327 n 8, 886 and n 4.
Brahmapnra, 281 n 4.
Brahmaputra, The, 121.
Brahmiwartknnd, 172.
Brihmanical religion abolished, 882.
Brthmans, The, 862 n 6, 882.
Brahni tribe. The, 837 n 8.
Brang, 365.
BriggB, 219 n 1, 221 n 8, 222 n, 242 n,
267 n, 306 n 2, 344 » 3, 862 n 1, 877
n 1, 879 w 2, 880 n, 887 n 2, 388 n 2,
889 n 1, 889 n 2, 890 n 2.
Briggs', H. G., cities of Gnjarashtara,
240 « 7, 241 « 1 and 2, 382 n 1.
Brimo cow, The, 850 n 8.
Brinddban, 294 w 1.
Bring, The, 356 n 1.
British Goyemment, The, 67-8 n 6, 58 n I.
Broach, 242 n 7, 248 n 2, 262 n.
Bnddha, 260 n 1, 405 «.
Buddhism, 882.
Buddhism of Asoka, 882 n 1.
Buddhists, The, 214 and n 2, 882.
Budh, 250 n 1.
Budin, 336.
Bughra Kh&n, 305.
Bugii], 390-1 n 4.
Bugtis tribe, The, 337 n 4.
Bukh&ri, al, 82 n 1.
Bukht Na^^ar, 22, n 8.
6nkepha]a,824nl.
Buudelkhand, 176 n 2, 211 n 1.
Bundi, 217, n 2. 268 n 1.
Bunhar, The, 815 n 1.
Bnn^r, 891-2 n 7.
Burdawaih, Ibn, 9 n 28.
Burgess, Mr., 247 n 2.
Bnrhin, 266 and n 8.
Burhin |[mid Sh&h, 238 and « 4.
Bnrh&updr, 223, 226, 238.
Bumes, 899 w 8, 400 n 1, 409-10 » 8.
B^hanj, 11.
Bushanji, Abu Ja'far, U.
Buwaih, House of, 5 n.
By£8, 286.
Buyide, Family of, 10.
Biizj4n, 8 n.
Bdzjini, al, 8 n.
V-fflSAE, Etymology of, 25, n 4.
Cairo, 84 n 4.
Calcutta, 117 w 8, 124 n 6, 126 n 1.
CambtJu, 118 n 8.
Cambay, Gulf of, 241, 245 n 6.
Cambridge, 223 n 4.
Canon Masudious, 11.
Cantin of Avicenna, 37 a*
Carnegy, 47 n 3, 66 » 1.
Cashapa, 381 n 2.
Cashapmir, 881 n 2.
Casiri, 6, 8.
Cathay, 118 » 2.
Caussin de Perceval, 26 nS, 27 n 1, 57 n 1.
Cave of Jamshid, 894.
Cawnpore, 176 n 2.
Ceylon, 14.
Chaoh, 348 n 1 and 2, 844.
Ohachar land, 63, 67.
Chacknamah, 843 n 1.
Ch&dar, 268.
Chainpiir, 268.
Chait, 174 n 1.
Digitized by
Googie
427
Cbakarh^lah, Sark&r of, 341.
Chih-i.B&bU, 358 n 4.
Ohdk, 47 n 1.
Ohaks, The, 365, 888, 389 n 2.
Ohaknimah, 47 and n 1.
Cludoedon, 23 n 2.
Chalkhaiy The term, 348 n 2.
Cbimand, Biji, 262.
Ohamir tribe. The, 293 n 3.
Ohamba, 303 n 1.
Ohambal, 250 n 1.
Ohambal, The, 179,
0hdmpd,i62.
Ghimpin^, 221, 240 and n 3, 242, 245
nl.
Ohimpan^, Sarkfir of, 266.
Ohamp4ran, Sarkir of, 152, 155.
Champas, 351 n 2.
Chanadah, 159.
Chanidah, Sarkir of, 89, 165.
Chanir, 90 n I,
Ohandar, The, 310.
Ohanan^*, 230.
Chibdi, 230, 232, 301, 302.
Chandarbans, The, 163 n 8.
Chandarbh^a, The, 310.
Chandelfl, The, 169 n 2.
Chand^ri, Sark&r of, 112, 201.
Chand^ri, 179, 195, 196.
Ohimdo, 386.
Chandra Brim, 159 n 2.
Chandrap41, 215, 217 n 1.
Chandrapira, Rij&, 385.
Ghingdeo, 224.
Ohangis Khib, 118 n 2, 266 n 3, 400 n 1,
414. See also Jangia.
Ohanthan, 409-10 n 3.
Ohardmiti, 178.
Chirmaghs4r, 400 n. 1.
Ghiran tribe, The, 249, 250.
Ch4r B^h, 180.
Chardin, 393-4 n 4.
Charik^r, 400 ra 1.
Charkh, 406.
Ch^reada, 411 n 1.
Chaste woman. The, 383.
Chatar k<$t, 358.
65
Chatam&g, 265.
Chitwi, 229, 232.
Chandhri, 228 n 9.
Chanfepi^, 33 n 5.
Chavgdnt a game, 303 and n 1.
Chanh&ns, The, 163 n 1, 182 n 8, 191 n 1 ,
217 and n 2, 270, 300, 302.
Chankhfindi, 310.
Chanl, 248 n 2.
Chanplurah, 311, 393 n 2, 401 and n 2.
ChaoBii, 151, 157.
Cheghin bbWu, The, 392 n 2, 898 n 6,
406.
Chegh&n Ser^ 398 and n 6.
Cheghin Serile, 398 n 6.
Chenib, The, 110 n 2, 310 and n 7, 311,
312, 325 n 2, 326 and n 2, 347, 385.
Ohenhat Do&b, Sarkir of, 321.
Ghhati^patii, 123.
Chibhdn rente, 347 n 2.
Chikar Tirth, 224.
Ohilghozah, 406 and n 3.
Ohln, 119.
China, 12, 13, 20 n, 118 ft 2, 304, 311.
China root, The, 124 and n 6.
Oh&ah, 240 n 1.
Chitor, 268, 268 n 4, 269, 270.
Chitor R£j4 Eombha, 261.
Chit<5r, Barker of, 102, 268, 273 .
Chitra-c^Ua, 211 m 1.
Chitral, 391 n 2.
Chittagong, 116 and n 1, 119, 124, 189.
Chiser, 305 n 2.
Chdprah, 223, 224.
Chronograms, 36.
Chronology of the EUndns, 13 n 1.
Chdriwir, 247.
Chnsero, 305 n 2.
Ciroamferenoe of the globe, 415 and n I.
Climate, 115 n 4.
Clysma, 121 n 3.
Cocheon-king, 12.
Coins, Eashmirian, 354 and n 1 and 2.
Commander, The, of the Forces, Dntiea
of, 37,
Compass, points of the, 859 i» 2.
Constantine^ 26 n 2.
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Google
428
Conatantiiu, 26 n 2.
Constantinople, 8 n 2, 6 n 1, 268 n 6.
Gopemioan Bjstem, Tk9» ^nl,
OopemionSi 6 n 1.
Coptic Era, 28, 24.
Copti, The, 28 n 2, 94 n.
Cornwall, 228 n 4.
CoemoB, Humboldt's, 86$ n 8.
Count Yon Noer, 246 n 6, 4(H f» 8.
Court, Generfkl, 8014 n 7.
Cowell, Prof., 228 n 4, 279 n 1, 800 « 8,
818 n 2.
Cow E<$8, The, 416.
Crops, division of, 888 and n 2.
Owndricdc*han€Lt 215, n 1.
Cunningham's Anct. Geog.^ 168 n 8, 22$
n 2, 248 n 6, 278 n 8, ^18 n 4, 816
n 1 and 2, 824 n 1 and 2, 826 n 2, 827
n 1, 889 n 1, 864 n 8, 869 • 2, 884-6 n
1, 390-1 A 4, 411 n 1, 414 n 2.
Cunningham, 118 n 2, 247 «i 8, 281 n. 1,
296 n],826n2, 827 » 8, 380 « 2,
886 n 1 and n 4, 837 n 1 and 4, 839 n
1, 847 n 2, 848 n 1, 860 n 8, 861 n 2,
864 n 8, 366 n 8, 869 n 2, 862 ^^, 864
» 8, 866 n 1, 884-6n 1, 891 1| 6, 400 i»
1, 408 n 4, 404-6 n 6, 406 n 1.
Cunningham, Lada^, 278 n 8, 296 n 1,
803 n 1, 810 n 1 and 7, 311 n. 1 and 2,
816 n 1 and 2.
Cup of Grace, The, 389 n 2.
Curson's (Russia ^i Central Asia}, 899
n8.
Curtius, 887 n 1.
Cutoh, Gulf of, 246 n 6, 248 n 1.
Cutch, 249 n 2, 260.
Cuttack, 61 n 2, 226.
Cycles, Khatii, 19 and « 8.
D.
rABlSHLtM, 268 ft 2.
Dacca, 124 n 2, 180 n.
D^chhinpfirah, 868 o 8, 869 n 3.
DUdhi B&o, 229.
Dihinah, 286 n 2.
Dihir of Tat^h, 844, 846.
Pahlak, 121.
Dahlakul Ki^bir, 121 « 4.
Dailam, 12.
Dailami Tables, 12.
Daiman Ehip, 118 n 8.
Daitaatar, 14 it.
Daityas, The, 14 1».
DWiimAn, 860.
Daksha, 818 n 2.
D41aman, 167 n 2«
Dalju, 886, 886 n 1.
Dal (or dty lake), The, 865 n 1, 800.
Damin, 898 n 8.
Daman, 289, 248.
Mmanii, 224.
Damascus, 4, 7.
Damghir pass, Th^i 391.
Dam<5dara, 881.
Damodar II, 882.
D&ndes, Sark£r of, 226.
D4ndes, Sdbah qf, 222.
Dan^, The, 826 and n 2.
Dinishkol, a road, 892.
Dankaur, 284 n 2.
Dinyil, Prince, 222.
D4radas, The, 866 n 8.
Darb dialects. The, 861 n 8.
Dirdu, 366, 867.
Darrung Dist., 119 n 8.
Daryi {mid Sh4h, 288 and » 4.
Dary4 Khia Loh^ni, 809, 346.
Da^aratha, 228 n 4.
Dasharah, 46.
Dost (Cubit), 128 n 6.
Dastdr, 12, 114.
Dast^-ul-'Amal, 89 « 1, U4 n.
Diiid Kh4n, 149, 2^.
D&iid Shih, 226, 261, 264.
Diiidzai, 402.
Daulatib&d, 228 n 8.
Daulat Kh4n Lodi, 807, 809.
Daur, Banu and Isakhel, Sarkir of, 898.
Daur, 893 n 2.
David, 362 n 1.
D4w^, 894, 496.
Day, Natural, 18.
Day, Artificial, 14
Days, The Lunar, 17.
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Google
429
De1]d,8S7 II 1, 887 Mid9fc 1,844 audit
2,846«1.
Deooan, The, 16 n 8, 19«» 815 n % 889^
868, 806andit8,806,818»886.
D^h, The, 829 n 6.
De Chiigiiee, 118 n 2, 401 • 8.
DehiMfmiirah, 404.
Deh i Y9^b, 404.
Delhi, 14, 85 n 10, 179, 2l7ii 8, 818,886^
808, 266, 267, 269, folij) 278, 279« 8,
288, 800 and 1^ 1*809^ aOSw I, 804^
805 and M 2, 806^ 807, 809^ 885^ 888
n 1, 889, 890.
Delhi, Sarkir of, 104, 285.
Delhi, SorereigBS of, 148^ 29V, 885v
Delhi, Siibah of , 99^ KM, 106^ 878 and
a5,287n2,294n4^415.
Delia YaUe, 898-4 n 4.
Debnerick, 888 n 1.
JDDlBge^Ecaof lhe,.88.
DeadiB Shilwn pass,. 400 • 1.
Deogarh, 805 1» 8.
Dera Gban Khin, 82B • 1,
Derah DIa PaniUi, 88Qn 2.
De Sap7, 84f»7,49iftl^848«&
De Sdentia Stellanun*. < « 8.
Deeht, The, 898 n 2.
De81ane,Q«9,7. llAn^
Deyanagari alphabet, 7be^ 8^ n 8.
DevMur, 862.
Dew&Ig^n, 225.
Dewal R4ni, (Deri), 805 » 8.
Dewfld^ 805 n 8.
DhacM^899.
Dhanj], 215.
Dhankot, 401.
Dhanpil, 216.
Dhapiyah k68, 415.
Dh4r, 197, 244 n 1.
Dharm fiij S6d, 217.
Dharangi^S^, 228.
IVHerbelot, 5 n, 6, 8,,9„ IQ, 11,^ 12, 18 m
8, 19 » 1 and2„81 9 1,. 98 n 8, 84 %
85 » 14^ 87 n> 60 n 1 a#idd, 118 » 2,
119 », 897 n 4, 848 n 1, 401 n 4.
Dhritariahtra, 283 and n J, 2^4^ 285.
Dtb, ^.
Dictionary of Antiqnitlea, 116 n.
Digit, The, 415.
Dildifla, Tba^ 167 • 1.
Diliwar Kh4n Ghori^ 216.
Dilectos, 9.
Dilaia,886»4.
Dinkdt, 898 n 2, 401.
Dip4]p4r, 218 « 8, 287, a05v 807.
Dipilp^, Sarkir of, 113, 326 n 2, 331.
Dinpanih, 279.
Diocletian of Borne, Ira of, 26.
DiodoroB, 886 % 4.
IHr4wal^8aQn. 8.
Dirhatnf 66.
DifltaaiQM and alt£tiidM, ealomlatlng, 417
nl.
Din, 246 II 2.
Din Porbandar, 246.
IXv^ 50*.
Divine Bra, 1.
Do4b, 267 1» 2, a07, 81)6 « 9, 880.1 1» 4.
D<5k<59, 172.
Don^i, The, »8.
Deri, The^ 894 i» 8^
Dom, 221 n 8, 808 n 2, 408 fi 2.
Dtom'a Afghans, a08i» 8, 888-9 a 6, 401»
n 2 and 8.
Doehikh, 408 fi 1.
Dowion, 881 n 8.
DoirsonTaEUiot, 221 1> 8.
Dofly (SappIeni.Diot. Arab.)^ a a 2, 851
ft 8.
Dbrabdgim, 868 n 1.
Dragpn Bili^ The, 894.
Dramo hybrids, 850 n 8.
Dtrona,3B4.
Dr#pQ hybrids, 850jn 8.
Drawls (Januno aod Ksshnnr), 810 n 7,
848 n 1, 850,11 8,851.n 2, 865^ n. 4, 869
n2.
Dmyodhana, 246 n 5,. 284 8818, 284, 885.
Hao boll. The, 350 n 3.
Dsomo oow. The, 35Q«n Sk
Dddganga, The, 866 n 1.
Dnfflas, The, 1191^8.
D<iki,WandV
Dnmyat ul l^a^r, 84 n 8.
Digitized by
Google
430
Bungar Khiif, 229.
DdDgarpur, 261, 266 n 4.
Dnrgd, 280, 281 n 6, 812 » 4, 818 n 8,
854, 861, 866 n 1.
Dtirlabha, 864 n 8.
Ihtrmahj a woollen material, 865 n 8.
Dwaip&jaiia,.282 n 1.
Dwarka, 246 n 6, 248, 280, n 1.
E.
iDAB,289,24t,271.
Edinburgh Beview, The, 18 n 1.
Ed. Thomas, Mr. 281 » 4, 262 » 1, 888
nl.
Egypt, 8, 82 ft 2, 84 » 6, 66, 60, 408.
Eichhom, 82 n 6.
Elapatra, 824 n 2.
Eldoz, 414.
Elephant, year of the, 27 and n 1.
Elichpdr, 229.
El-kh&ni Tables, 4 ft 4, 11, 14 and n 1,
19 n 1, 21.
Elliot's Arabs in Bind, 827 n 8, 842 n,
848 n 1 and 2, 844 n 1 and 2, 896 It
2, 414 n 1.
Elliot's Bibliographical Index, 88 » 4, 86
M 1, 8 and 4, 818 n 2.
Elliot's History of India, 128 n 1, 867
nl.
Elliot's Baces, 116 ft 2, 168 ft 1 and 8,
166 n 2, 174 n 4, 182 n 8, 188 notes,
184 n 1, 186 », 186 n, 191 n 1, 194 n 1,
208 It 4, 260 It 1, 278 ft 1, 286 n, 287 it
2, 290 It, 294 n 8, 296 It 1, 867 n 8, 414
n2.
Elliot (Sir H.), 47 it 1, 89 it 1, 90 it 2, 98
It 2, 96 It 1, 105 It, 114 It, 161 It 1, 167
n 1, 168 It 2, 287 n 2, 296 n 1, 828 n 1
829 n 1, 887 n 1, 842 n 1.
EUora, 805 n 2.
Elphinstone, 409 it 2.
Elphinstone's O&btil, 898 n 1, 894 n 4,
898-9 n 6, 401 it 1 and 4, 402 n 2, 406
It 6, 408 It 1.
Elphinstone's India, 216 n 8, 221 n 8,
225 It 1, 227 It 2, 268 n 2, 271 n 1, 804
n.8, 844n8.
Enoyclopndia Metropolitana, 8 n 2, 4
England, 228 n 1.
Epochs of the Hindis, 15.
Era, Astronomical, 21.
Era, Angnstan, 25.
Era, Christian, 26.
Era, Coptic, 28.
Era of Adam, 21*
Era of Arridsaas, 23.
Era of Bakht Na9?ar, 22.
Era of the Deluge, 22.
Era of the Hindds, 15.
Era, Je?rish, 21.
Era, Syro-Macedonian, 24.
Era, the Jndhishthira, 15.
Era, the Eha^ii, 19.
Era, Turkish, 20.
Er&j, Sark4r of, 96.
Erskine, 124 it 5, 268 and it 4, 264 » 1,
826 fi 2, 888 It 1, 848 n^l, SSOnS,
891 n2, 892 n 2, 898 n 2, 8 and 4, 894
n 4, 897 n 1, 898-9 n 6, 899 « 1 and 3,
400 n 1, 401 ft 2, 408 ft 6, 406 ft 2, 409
nl, 410«],414«2.
Etaw&h, 185 ft 1, 809.
Ethiopia, 121.
Enolid, 6 n, 416 and n 2. Elements of,
4 It 4, 415-16 n 2.
Euripides, 68 n 1.
Europe, 240, 415-16 n 8.
Europeans, The, 124, 248.
Eurydioe, 28 it 1.
£ydlat, 56 n 2.
F.
' ADDAN, 56.
Fadhl-b-Sahl, 9.
Fadh&il-nl-Mulfik, 35.
Fahhid, al, 11.
Fikhir 'AOi Nasabi, 11.
Farah, 898 and n 8.
Farghina, 220 it 6, 408 n 2.
Far^t nl Mulk Bisti E^iib, 263 n 4.
Farid Khim, 808.
Farid-i-Sh^arganj, 281.
Farmul, 898-9 n 6, 899, 401, 407 it 4.
Digitized by
Google
431
rarmnli Peraiant, 898-9 n 6.
Fin, 885.
f irti, al, 86 and it 8.
ranakh. The 415, 415.16 n 2, 416.
Fardljc, al, 226 » 4.
Wkt^ D jnaaty, 222 n I and 2.
FMki Prinoee, The, 224, 227 n 2.
Fatiwa ¥»Ei KhAn, 66 it 8.
Fatiwa ^alamgiri, 56 it 8.
Fat^bid, Sarkir of, 182, 340 n 8.
Fal^ Shib, 149, 352 n 1.
Fat^ Shih of Kashmir, 889 and n 2.
Fa^^pdr, 176, it 2, 180.
Fai^nllah Bahmani, 288 and n 4.
Fasiri, al, 9.
FergoBson, 279 n 2.
Ferishta, 159 n 2, 170 n 1, 172 n 2, 219 n
1, 220 » 2 and 5, 221 n 8, 228 n 1, 268
ft 1, 265 n 4, 266 n8, 279 n 8, 298
» 1, 299 It 8, 802 n ], 808 n 1 and
8, 804 n 3, 805 n 2, 808 n 1, 2, 8,
and 6, 809 n 1, 2, 3, 4, 811 n 8,
827 n 8, 834 n 6, 886 n 1, 841, 842 n,
846 n 2, 847 n 1, 862 n 1, 862 n 1, 864
ft 8, 877 n 1, 879 n 5, 1, 2, 8, 4, 887 ft
1, 2 and 8, 388 ft 1 and 2, 889 ft 1 and
2, 890 ft 2.
Ferospdr, 325, 826 and ft 2.
Fihriafc, 8 n 8, 4 ft 8, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.
Firdanai, 34.
Fir<$z£b4d, 188 it 8, 279 and ft 2.
Fir6z KhUji, 807.
Flrdskoh, 302.
Fir<5z Sh&h, 149, 169 it 1, 172, 218 and ft
2, 221 ft 8, 280, 293 ft 2, 299 ft 8, 303,
846.
Firdz ShiLh of Mnlt^n, 886.
Fir<5z Tnghln^ 293 n 2, 346 n 2.
^ra, nomenclature of Indian, 409 ft 1.
i^nnate Islands, The, 327 n 2.
Flowers, worn, 118 and n 1.
Forstor's Travels, 404 it.
Fofa, 49 ft 2.
roiaddr, 49.
FouQddr, The, 40.
France, 26 ft 5.
Frejtag, 88 it 2.
FnrMt, taxes, 68, 867 ft 8.
Fntii^ Aitham, 88 » 1.
Fjs&b&d, 286 ft 4.
G.
rABBI,401ft8.
Ga4ha»160.
Ga4hi, 149.
Gadhsar, 166 ft 8.
Glekwir, The, 248 » 2.
GiLgnSn, Sarklur of, 209.
Gajpati, 126.
Gajpati, The, 219 ft 1.
Gakkhar oonntrj, 847.
Gakkhars, The, 888 ft 1, 390 and ft 4.
Gilnah, 222.
Galongara, The, 826 ft 2.
Gandamak, 406 ft 8.
Gand«y&, 326, 837.
Gandha-pila, 216 ft 1.
Chmdhira, 406 ft.
GKindharb, 216 and ft 1.
Gindh&ri, 286.
Gandha-riipa, 216 ft 1.
Gangah, The, 239, 247.
Oangajal^ 124.
Ganges, The, 116 n 1, 120 and ft 5, 150,
167, 168 ft 8, 167 n 2, 179, 224, 228, 247,
260 ft 1, 271, 278.
Ganjah, 381, Sage of — , 881.
Ganjdri, The, 127.
Gardes, 407.
Garh, 229.
Garha, 195, 196.
Chhrha M&ndla, 196 it 2.
Garhi, 116 and ft 1.
Garmsir, 894 and ft 4, 396.
Garrow country, The, 126 ft.
Ganr£, 270.
Gkinr, 122, 129 n 6.
Gbknr Tagas, The, 287 ft 2.
Gautama, 228.
Oawhar, 9.
Gdwfl, 229.
G&wDgarh, 228.
Giwil, Sarkir of, 232.
(Hji, 162.
Digitized by
Google
432
Oayal, The, 1^ and n 8.
Gajia, The three, 260.
Oaz, The seven kinds of, 69, fiO.
Om-t-iSattda, 69.
Om, The lUhf, 68.
Gehlot dynasty, 268 n 4.
Gehlot tribe, The, 247, 268.
Oeloonda, 230 n 1.
Gesenins, 81 «i 2.
Ghaggar, The, 246 • 3.
Ghaghar, The, 171, 873, 330 n 2 .
Ghandak, The, 160.
GhandhiLr, 248.
Gh&ra, The, 166 n 2»
Gharlri,9.
Qhir i Shih, 894.
Gharjist&n, 398, 414.
Gh£tamp6r, 167, 179.
Gh&B&n Khin, 29 n 2, 36 • 6.
GhiUipiir, SarUur of, 90^ 163.
Ghaznah, 116 n 2.
Ghaini, 217, 802, 303» 886, 847, 398 » 6,
408, 608 ft 2.
Ghasni, Honse of, 4^i,
Ghaznm, 898, 414.
Ghihsai, 408 and n 2.
G«y6<^-n!4-4fai„|48.
Gl^y4th^ld4'nBfJ^»ap,2^8. m» W), »8,
804,806.
Ghiy4th-nd-dii^ lUOUw^ ^9 n 2.
Ghiyith-nd-din Jamshld, 12. ,
Ghiy&thnddin Tughlaf: Sh&h, 80^.
Ghizni Kh4n, 226.
Ghogah, 241, 244, 247.
Ghor, 893 and n 8, 9% 8^ 409 n 1,
418.
Ghoragh&t, SerMr o(, IV^ 136.
Ghorband, et^r^ology Qf, 4p9 n 1.
Ghorband, Tdm&m of, 409.
Ghorband (vaUey), 400 and n 1 .
Ghori dynasty, 270 yi^ 3^ ^8^ 414.
Ghnrghnsht, 402.
Gibbon's Decline and faU, 28t9 ft ^2^
111.
Gilgit, 849, 866.
Gir, 246.
Giriull, 246.
Gim4r, 268 n 7.
Gimi, The, 228.
Gladwin, 14 », 26 » 2, 20 » 2, 60 » 4|, 68
n 1, 67 n 6 and 6, 69 f» 8, 84 «, U9 «
2, 121 ft 6, 122n8»124»8,123»8k
129 n4, 130f», 161 1*8, 168 1» 2, 186 »
1, 196 n 8, 196»l,2Qli»2,2iaiiak
226 n 11, 243 n. 3, 9^ 118,247 »S,
262 n, 826nS^836n»2 8ad\387a4^
840 %8, 860 n 1,887 III.
Gobi desert, 866 » 8.
GobindE^GehMt,80U
Godaveri, The, 16^216 f» 2, 228 and n 6,
Godhr4,SarkArof«267.
Godi (Gnmti), The, 171, 178.
Gogra, The, 171, 806.
Gohel tribe, The^ 247 • 4^ 261, 271.
Gohelwirah, 244.
Gond dynasty, Thet, 196^ n^ 2..
Gon<jl^winah, 223, 809.
Gopadit, iUj^ 383.
Gopot^a, jMAnumo, 818 n S.
Gorak^I^r, 8«rk£r of, 98, 170, 174.
QoraJci^h, 31^ n 1, 316 n 1.
Qorakn^th 1» Tila, 816 n 1.
Qorakp^i -f r»a of, 116,
Goree Debbi, 814 n 1.
Goyardhan, 294 n l*
Great B^igQ, ?ass of the, 348 n I.
Great Tibet, 347, 868, 863, 360, 890.
Grecian Bra,, 24.
Greece, 82 n 2, 119.
Griffith's B£m4yan, 228 n 4,
Gngaira, 3.10, % 1.
Gohrina, 80?.
Gujarat, 180, 196, 196, 214, 216 n 2^218.
219, 221, 261, 263, 266,, 267, 271, 803,
806, 807, 836, 389, 346 i» 2, 346, 886|,
416.
Gajar4t, Frinoes of, 269.
Gujarat, S6bah of,^ 238.
Gnjar Kh&n, 390-1 n 4.
Gnlgnla, 409-10 n 8.
Gnli&na, 390-1 n 4.
Gul-i-lfasWfi, 126.
Gulifltin, The, 30 » 1, 87 n ],, 40 1 1.
Gnlkanah, 404 n.
Digitized by
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433
Gnrgini tables, Ths, 18, U, 24, 28, Sa
GwaUor, 158, 181, 821 1» 8, ^7 i» 2, 260
» 1,209.
Gwalior, Barkir of, 96, 187.
H.
LABASH, 7 n.
^abslii, 266 » 8.
Hi^Mti, 868, 271.
S444 tribe, 271.
QBai]|Fat.iil-9a|Fii¥> 408 h 1.
Hleblm^D, 866.
9ifis Abra, 86 n 4.
^ififl of ShiHs, 148.
9ifis Bakhnah, gardens of, 281.
Halt Baohah heights, The, 400.
Haft PaikaK> a poem, 881 n 4.
9aadar6b^ 886 « 4, 340 n 1.
Haider Malar, 871 n 6.
9lji ^Lbdnl Wahh£b, 279.
VijilUji^Al^ 148.
9iji Khalifa, 8, 9, 10, ll> ^ » «|M « 1,
88»8.
96jiPlr, The,847^«8.
9ijip6r, 150, 152, 155.
^jj4j, 844, b-Yisof, 412, 418.
H&jkin, 6ark&r of, 840.
^a^t-i-Hindastin, 248 n 6.
9aklm ^li Miskawaih, 88 a 8.
Hikiinb. Jabalaa|4bdi,844n2.
Haldm Saniu, 408.
Hila,886«4.
Hall, Dr., 216 1» 8.
Hallar, 248ft8,250a2.
Halthal, 868.
Hamad^n, 161 n 6.
^amfaah. The, 88 n 2.
9amda'Uah Mnstanfi; 415 » 1.
Himid Harwarddi, 7 n.
9aiiifr,270.
Hammer-Piirgstall, 8 n 8, 4 m 1» 6^ 7, 9^
9, 10, 896 n2.
9amsa Ispahini, 851 « 8.
^nafi sect, The, 852 n 1.
Mdndd sheep. The, 350 and n 3, 858.
Hanglu stag, 858 n 8.
Hinsi, 281.
HiiiB6t, 248.
Haran, The, 246.
HaraDj,269.
Earhanst The, 285.
Hardwir, 812 n 4.
Hariaaa, 166 n 2.
Hari Chand, 846.
Haridls YJharidis, 245 « 8.
Hari Manual, 281.
Haripnr, 808 n 1.
Haririji, 877 n 1.
fi£ri. The, 826.
Harmatelia, 886 f» 4.
Harpah, 125.
lEarrin, 4 n 8, 6.
Haroh, The, 824 n 2, 890 n 4.
Harowtee, 268 n 1.
Har, The, 826.
HiLri!iii-b-al Mnnajjim, 9.
H4rdn or Bashid, 82 n 4, 59, 416.16 n 8.
Hirdt and Mirdt, WeU of, 858 n 4.
^asan Niz&n 8h4h, 288 n 4.
^asan of Kashmir, Sultin, 889.
EdshinUyahf The, 60.
Hsshtnagar, 411 and n 1.
«UUd1,12.
H^p6r, 179, 196.
Hastibhanj, Pass of, 847 and n 8, 882,
888 nU
Hastinipdr, 282, 288.
Hasti Watar, 888 » 1.
Hatii, 229.
Hatkars, The, 280.
Haveli, 168 n 2.
Hawkwood, Sir John, 842 n.
Hasi^ hills, 894-5 1|4«
Hasirah, 811.
Hasirahs, The» 401 aad i» 4.
Hasiurah, 8ark|rof|Ul.
Helmand, The, 894 n 2, 8 and 4.
Hemarth, 210 and n 4, 215 and n I.
Herat, 6, 8, 85 n 5, 148 1» 1, 898n 8.
Herbert, Sir T., 268 • 1.
Heronries of Kashmir, 862 n 4.
Hesidrosi The, 90.0 n 2.
Hijaj, 841 n 1.
^jii, 26 n 8, 27, 82, 387.
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Google
434
HijiU» 116 n 8.
Hijijak pass, The, 400 n 1.
Hijrah, Era of the, 26, 27, 80.
Hfl&l at Tamfmi, 845 n 1.
Hill of the Elephant, 816 n 1.
Himalayas, The, 126 n 1, 847, 868 n 8.
^imlr, 215 n 1.
Hindiah, 222, 228, 229.
Hinduism, 890-1 n 4.
Hindu E<5h, 398, 899.
Hindn Kosh, 399 n 8.
Hindustan, 16 n 2, 66, 61, 62, 170 n 6,
809, 812, 886, 847, 848, 888, 8S4, 886,
887, 888, 889, 891, 892, 899.
Hindus, The, 362.
Hindjah, Sarkir of, 112, 191, 207.
Hipparchns, 8 and n 2.
Hiran, It4j&, 884.
Hirmand, The, 894, 895.
Ifi^T, 166 II 2, 278, 281.
9i9^ Firosah, Qaark&r of, 105, 298.
Hishiunb. Abdnl Malik, 418.
Historia Dynastiarom, 88 n 8.
History of the Caliphs, 844 n 2.
Holi festival. The, 46.
Hope and Fei^gnsson's Architeotnre of
Ahmed&b&d, 141 n 1.
Horace, 811 m 1.
Hoshang, 181, 197, 218, 219 and n 1, 219,
220, 808.
Hubal, The, idol, 26 it 8.
^ndaifah, 60 and n 6.
ffiigla, 128 n 5.
Hngli, 125 and n 2.
Hiigers Travels, 855 n 4, 858 n 4.
HnUkn, 4 n 4, 12, 19 n 1, 401 » 4, 402.
Qalw4n, 59 n.
Hnm&y6n, 61, 128,124 n 5, 149, 170 n
6, 221, 266, 279 and n 2, 886, 890 and
ft 1, 896.
Humboldt's Cosmos, 865 n 8.
Qonain-b-Isb^k al (bildi, 6 n.
Euni^a sheep, 850 n 8.
Hunter, Sir W., 888 n 1.
Hunter's Orissa, 126 n 4, 127 n 2, 128
n, 129 It 1, 2 and 8.
Hupi&n, 400 n 1.
HnrmuB^n, 27 and n 4.
9nslUn-b-Bih4n, 6 n.
Qnsain, 88, n 1.
^nsain Mfrza, Qvl\in, 846.
Qusain II, of M&lwah, 886.
^usain I, 8ul|&n, of M&lwah, 835.
^nsain Shar]|i, 170, 220.
Hushka, 862 n 5.
Hushkapdra, 856 n 8.
Hwen Thsang, 824 n 2, 880 n 2, 849 n 2,
854 n 8, 865 n 8, 890-1 n 4, 891-2 n 7.
Hydaspes, The, 811 n 1.
Hydraotes, The, 810 n 5.
Hypatia, 23 n 1.
Hyphasis, The, 810.
Hypsides, 416 n.
I
BN ABI LAILA, 60 and n 1.
Ibn Abi Safari, 10.
Ibn Bai^ar, 851 n 3.
Ibn Ba^fi^, 899 n 8.
Ibn Hajar's Biog. Diet., 60 it 5.
Ibn Qau^al, 827 n 1, 899 n 8, 408 n 1,
415 n 1.
Ibn Hishim, 27 it, 82 it 1.
Ibn Kathir, 34 n 1.
Ibn Khillik&n, 4 n 8, 6, 7, 9, 32 notes, 88
It 2, 84 n 5 and 8, 60 n 2 and 6.
Ibn Kutaibah, 82 n 6.
Ibu Salpra, 10.
Ibn Sam^n, 10.
Ibn Sina, see Avioenna.
Ibn §iiff, 10.
Ibn uP Aflam, 4 and n 10.
Ibn ul Athir, 844 n 2.
Ibn ul Mu^affaa, 83 it 2.
Ibn-ush-Sh&^ir, 8.
Ibn us Sikkit, 33 it.
Ibn Yunus, 6 it 1, 12.
Ibn T6suf al Ma^^ifi, 9.
Ibr&him Lodi, Sulf&n, 149, 266.
Ibrahim MAkri, 889 n 8.
Ibr&him of Kashmir, 889 and n 3.
Ibr&hun, SuH^n, 169, 170 n 6, 219, 307.
(SharVi, 308,) 809.
IVb&l Khin, 307.
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Google
436
mil al, 12.
Ikim Canon, 12.
J^, 115.
ndrag, 289 If 8.
IllahAb^d, 158.
Ilahabid, Balers of , 168.
IlahiUs, Sark^ of , 161.
ndhi Era, 1 n 1, 30, 43.
Udhi Gm, 61, 62.
Tikh&nian Dynasty of Persia, 29 n 2.
|m^ Shih, 238 and n 4.
Imid n'l Mnlk, 238 and it 4., 265, 266 n 2.
Imad ol Mnlk, of MnlUn, 835.
InuUah, 105 n 8.
Imposts, remitted, 66.
rnoh, 856.
Imperial Gazetteer, lU ff, 116 » 1,119
ns 2 and 3, 120 n 6 and 6, 121 ns 1,
2 and 5, 123 n 1 and 3, 124 n 2 and 4,
126 n 1, 127 n 1 and 4, 129 ft 6, 151 it
1, 152 It 1, 160 n 1, 161 it 2, 164 it 1,
169 It 3, 171 It 5, 173 it, 226 it 1, 228 it
5, 281 It 4, 240 It 8 and 5, 212 It 1, 243
ns 2, 8 and 4, 244 it 16, 245 n 2, 246 it
2 and 5, 247 n 2 and 5, 248 it 2, 251
notes, 255 it 1, 268 ns 2, 8 and 4, 278
It 7, 309 n 8, 810 it 20 and 4, 814 n 1,
824 n 2, 827 n 8, 836 n 1 888 n 2, 855
» 1, 882 n 1, 405 n.
Indore, 280.
Indra, 214 n 2, 294 » 1.
Indra's Heaven, 215 it 1, 280 n 1.
Indradaman, 127.
Indrajeo, 280.
Indrapat, 278, 279.
Indraprastha, 246 n 5, 278 n 2, 283, 286
nl.
Indus frontier, The, 890 n 1.
Indus, The, 119 it 1, 121 w 2, 246 n 8, 281
n 1, 810 n 2, 811 and n 3, 326 and n 2,
827 and n 1, 328, 330 n 2, 336 n 4, 33^
n 1, 888, 881 n 2, 392, 393 n 2, 898.
Indos TsJley, The, 844 n 2.
|r4 Al, 8, 59 n, 60,110 » 1, 220 n 4, 240,
265, 844, 852^ nl, 889.
(ra^. The two, 415 n 1.
rWln, 66, 66, 57. 115, 278, 300, 385.
66
f r&vati, The, 810.
rrij, Barker of, 187.
fsa Afghan, 117 and n 1.
tea bin Ali, 83 it 2.
Isakhail, 893 n 2.
Isakhails, The, 893 n 2.
Isha Bryri, 860 n 2.
Is^dk b. Mn^mmad, 418.
Ishib&ri, 361.
UTcandari, 61.
lakandari Gfas, 61.
Iskardo, 365 n 8.
Iflli^ nl MantilPi 83 h, 84 it 8.
IsUrndbid, 105 It 8, 280, 858 it 4.
IsUm Kh&n, 808.
IsUm Sh&h, 221 n 8.
Isphah&n, 161 it 6, 381.
I^^ilib^t ul Funoon, 9.
rtchh, 863.
rtimid Kh&n, 266 n 8, 267.
O abardahf 164 it 1.
Jach, 848.
Jddon, 250 it 1.
J^far Kh&n, 158 n 1.
Jagadathi, 230.
Jagannith, 126 n 6, 127, 129 n 1.
Jagat,239, 244 n 1,248.
Jagdalik, 406 it 8.
J&g(r grants, 867 n 4.
JagULni Afghins, 402.
Jahdngir, 1 it 1, 189 n 2, 311 » 1, 848 iv 1.
Jahdngir ?:nli Beg, 149.
Jahinkosh^, 85 n 14, 86.
Jahdnnnm^, 279.
Jaichand, 271.
Jaichand Ra^h6r, Rij^, 800, 801, 302.
Jainism, 382 and n 1.
Jains, The, 245, 247, 249 and n 2, 261
n 4, 271 It 7, 382 n 1.
Jaisalmir, 267, 271, 826.
Jai Sing Deva, Rij&, 197.
Jai Singh, 268.
Jaitwahs, The, 248, 250.
Jajja, 386.
J&jnagar, 219.
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Google
436
Jaipur, 219 n 1.
JaUldb^, 89, 168, 391 n 5.
JfJ&l Khin, 221 n 3, 309.
JaUlpiir, 286, 316 n 1, 324 n 1
Jaldladdin, 218.
JaUluddin Astaribidi, 220.
Jallladdin Khilji, Sal(&n, 305.
JaliladdiQ Bdmi, 39 n 2.
JaUladdin Salju^i, 29.
JaUladdin, Sultan, 149.
Jalandhar, 314 n 1, 315 n 2.
Jdlandhar, Sarkiir of, 110.
J&landhari relics, 313.
Jalesar, Sarkir of, 126, 142.
Jal<5ka, IULj£, 382.
J41<5r, 239, 270, 271.
Jdm, 250, 846.
Jamdl, 281.
Jamand, 402.
Jdfnawdr, 240 n 1.
Jam Bdnhatijah, 345.
J^ Bajazid, 336.
J&mbiiji, 242.
JdmboBar, 242, n 9.
Hm Fat^ Ehao, 346.
( Sikandar, eon of, 846).
Urn Fir6z, 846.
Jamhiir, 827 n 8.
Jimi\ The 8 25.
Jami dynasty. The, 841 n 1.
Jimi' at Taw^kh, 86 n 8.
Jamk6tf 13 and n 4.
J^m Ukha, 249 n 2.
Jamrau, 23, 347, 889 »1. Governor of ,
847 » 3, 848 » 2, 850 » 3, 354 n 2, 355
n 4, 856 n 8, 363 m 8, 868 n 1, 383 n 1,
398 n 2.
Jamin6, B&j& of, 887 and n 3.
Jamnah, The, 239, 247.
Jim Nanda, 346.
Jdni6d, 222, 224.
Jam R&wal, 249 n 2, 250.
Jamshid, 28, 842 n, 345.
Jamshfd of Kashmfr, 877 n 1.
Jamshfdi Canon, The, 12.
Jim Taghlak, 346.
Janaka, 382.
Jangiz Kh^n, 29 n 2, 83 n 4.
Jannat&b^, 122, 131.
Japhot, 118 n 2.
J&ra, 249 n 2.
Jarak, 840 n 1.
Jarasandha B^j^ d8L
Jirdjah tribe. The, 250 and n 1, 339.
Jireja Bajputs, The, 249 n 2.
Jarih, 55, 61 n 2, 62, 388.
Jarrett's History of the Caliphs, 226 n 4,
413 It 1.
J£rsah, 286 n 2.
Jasaskardeya, B&ji, 886,
Jasrat, B&jd, 223 and n 4.
Jasrat Shaikha Ghakar, 388 n 1.
Jat clans, The, 294 n 4.
Jannpnr, Sarkir of, 89, 163.
Jaunpur, 157, 158, 159, 169 n 1, 170 n 6,
218, 220, 266, 807, 809.
Jaiuhatf 9, 10.
Janzharayn, 9.
Java, 123 n 4.
Jaw41a Mnkhi, 314 n 1, 815 n 2.
Jiwar, 268 it 8.
Jaxartes, The, 399 n 2.
Jayaohand, 217.
Jayandra, B£jd, 383.
*8 minister, 388.
Jay£pfra, Baj4, 385.
Jeohni D<5ab, The, 811 n 4.
Jenha^, 311.
Jerdon, 125 n 1.
Jerusalem, 22 n 8.
Jetanpdr, 230.
Jewan Singh, 270 n 2.
Jewish Era, 21.
Jewish year, 21.
Jhalwiirah, 242, 249.
Jh&njhm6r, 249.
Jhirah, 250.
Jhelnm, The, 811 n 1, 815 n 1, 325*2,
826 and n 2, 855 n 1, 365 n 1, 890 »4.
Jib&I, al, 59 n,
Jibbil, ronto, 347 n 2.
Jihdt, tax, 58, 367 n 3.
jUam, 402.
Jilin, 892 n 4.
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Google
437
Jftpsl, 217.
Jitpal Chaulun, 317.
Jiayaty 57.
Job, 171.
Jobnithnagor, 811 m 2.
Jodhpdr, 271.
Jodhpur Prinoes, The, 271 f» 1.
Jodhpdr, Sarkir of, 102, 270^ 276.
Johila, The, 150.
John of Castile, 25 n 5.
J6mha8i, 242.
Jones, Sir W., 13 n 1.
Jorjint, Al, 804 n 1.
Joseph, 862 n 1.
Jowdri, 228.
JH 405 fi 2.
JodhiBhthira, BijI, 15, 888.
J6di, Mount, 405 n 2.
J6i Kha^ibdn, 404.
Jiii Pnl-i-mastin, 404.
Jomna, The, 120 and n 5,157, 179, 278,
279, 281, 805, 808 n 8.
Jfinahgarh, 245.
Jnoaid, 845 n 1.
Jarji[n, 85 n 10.
Jnshka, prince, 862 n 5.
Jnshkapdrs, 856 n 8» 862 fi 5.
Justin, 342 n.
Jnijdn, 85 n 10.
J^jini, al, 85 and n 10, 804 n 1.
K.
L.a9bah, The, 26, 158.
Kabir MnWd, 128, 171.
Kabir of Aba' Mashar, 10.
Kabiniddin (r&^i, 85 fi 11.
Eibol, 115 and n 8, 809, 811 n 3, 818,
338 n 1, 847, 367 n 8, 890 >i 1, 891 n 6,
892, 398, 894, 398-9 n 6, 400 ft 1, 401
nl, 411, 412, 418, 414.
££ba], Dependencies north of, 411.
„ „ east of, 411.
„ „ south of, 412.
„ „ west of, 412.
„ (river), The, 392, 899 n 1, 411 n 1.
„ Sarkir of, 175 n 1, 898, 411.
Eibnl, Suboh of, 115, 347.
Kdbul, Territory of, 410 and M 1. U^vb
nne of — , 410 n 1.
I Each, 336, 337.
Eaohak<5t, 324 n 2.
Eaohch Gandsva, 837 n 4, 844.
I Eaohohh, 250, 344 n 2.
Kadi, an arimal, 350 n 8.
I ^iidir Ehiin, 148, 181, 221.
E^lfirisUn, 390 it 3, 392 fi 2^ 898 m 6, 406
n. 1.
E&firs, The, 406.
Kaf<z, 55.
Eaf dr, 805 n 2, 806.
Eagalirila, 401 n 2.
E&hl<5r hillf , 810.
Eaianian dynasty, The, 415 n Z,
Eaiddrah, 12.
Eai Ehnsm, 118 n 2, 305.
EaU&sa hiU, 121 n 2, 810 n 2, 818 n 2.
]^&im bi amri' ll&h, al 8 » 28.
Kiim Ehibi, The, 194 n 1.
EiUmor hUls, 157 n 8.
Eai-pim-fon, 118 n 8.
Efrji Ghak, 890.
Eikapor, 356 n 3.
Eakaris, 402 n 3.
E^ Eh. ^Qtbaddm, 308 n 2.
E&kr<5n, Sarkfir of, 112,
Eillabagh, 401 n 2.
Ealang Pani^p^ti Sark£r of, 126, 144.
Ki\i Pah&r, 128.
Kdl&t, 894.
KaUt Banjirah, 898.
Kdli Bhaironf an idol, 159.
Ealila wa Dimna, 88 n 2, 39.
Ealinga, The, 230 n 1.
E&linjar, 158, 159.
Edlinjar, Sark^ of, 90, 166.
Eili Sind, The, 195.
E&liy&dah, 196.
Eallam, 229.
Eallam, Sark&r of, 232, 286.
Ealm&ni tribe, 837.
Edipi, Sark&r of, 97, 184.
Eflpi, The, 179, 181, 308.
Eilrndkhya, relics, 318.
Eamil ad din, 217.
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Google
438
Kambar, 361.
I^ambar Yer, 847.
Eambh&7at,241,839.
KambuTa, 856 n 8.
K&meh, 406 n 1.
Kdmeh river, The, 892 n 2.
K&mil, a oanon, 12.
K&mjeo, 231.
Eimpdr, 356 n 8.
Kamr£j, 818, 865 and n I, 867, 868, 881.
Kamrdj Tract, The, 870.
Kdmr6p, 117, 218, 818.
Kan^k Temple, 128 n 4 and 129 ft 2.
Kananj, 169 n 8, 171 n 1 and 5, 181, 261,
262, 271 and fi 1, and 280 fi 2» 800, 845.
Kananj, Sarkir of, 96, 184, 199, 170, 171,
179, 809 » 8.
l^andahlur, 887, 846, 881, 886, 890 and n
1, 894 and n 2, 896, 896, 898 and n 6,
400» 402 n 8, 408.
^andahir, Dependencies east of, 897.
„ „ sonth of, 897.
„ „ north „ 898.
„ „ west „ 898.
^andahfr, Sarkfrr of, 847, 893, 896.
Kandanrah cakes, 181.
E&ngra, 808 n 1, 810 n 6, 812, 814 n 1,
866 »1.
Kinigoram, 401 n 2.
Kanishka, 862 n 6, 405 n.
Kanishkapdra, 856 n 8.
Kankroli, 278 n 7.
KanUt, 44.
K&n6ri, 182.
K&nsi, 148.
Kantat, 89, 158.
Kantk<5t, 250.
fdn^mgo, The, 47 ft 8, 66.
Kanya-Eabj4, 280 fi 2.
Kaparthala, 810 ft 8.
Kar, 66 n 2.
l^arib&gh, 898.
Eariohi, 887 n 1, 844 n 2.
K&rah, mountains, 887 and fi 4.
Karakoram, 118 it 8.
KaramniMi, The, 161 and n 1.
Karan, 268.
Karan Rie, 8C5 n 2.
Karar&ni Afgh&n tribe, 898, 408.
Karbata, 88 n 1.
Earewah, 358 n 4.
Eargdn, 865.
Kan, 242.
Karkola dynasty, The, 854 n 8.
Kdrhun, The/ 46, 66 and »• 1.
Kama, 284.
Kamil, 867.
Kami!, 298 n 8.
Karpah, a road, 401.
JTardhf or Kda, The, 414 and n 2, 415.
Kar6nd4, 226.
Karrah, 167 n 2, 168 n 2, 805.
Karrah, Sarkir of, 90, 167.
K&shghar, 811, 865, 390, 891 and n 2,
892, 404 n 6.
K^Bhi, al, 29 n 2.
Kashmir, 172 n 2, 810 and ft 7, 811, S12,
818, 848, 848 n 1, 861 and ft 2, 852 fi 1,
854 ft 2. (Religion of, 854 and nZ)
856 ft 8, 858, 2, 8, and 4, 862 n 455, 863
and n 1 and 8, 865 ft ], 866 m 4, 871 •
6, 877 n 1, 880 and n 881 n 2, 383,
884, 386, 886, 887 and n 1, 888 and a 1
and 2, 889 and n 8, 890 and « 2 and 4,
891.
Kashmir, Land of, 866 ft 4.
Kashmir, Routes into, 857 ft 8.
Kashmir, Sarkir of, 847, 868.
Kashmir, Sovereigns of, 871, 880— An-
nals of — , 880.
Kashmirian roofs, 848 ft 1. K ^-dialects,
851 ft 2, — characters, 351 n 2.
Kashmirians, Vices of the, 849 n 2.
K^i (Benares), 158,.
Kasia regie, 881 n 2.
I^iaim Barfd, 288 ft 4.
K£s race. The, 881 n 2.
Kasyapa, The ascetic, 881 and n 2.
Katak Benares, 811 ft 8.
Kathae, 868 ft 1.
Ki%\iiB, The, 248 and ft 4.
KithiiwAr, 289 » 1, 241 ft 2, 248 n 1, Stt
ft 6, 248 ft 8 ft 4, 248 « 2.
Katjuri, The, 127 n 1.
Digitized by
Google
439
Eai4$r, 390 and » 8, 391, 392, 406.
Kan^Ia Devi, 305 » 2.
Eanrayas, The, 282, 288, 284.
JToiim, 126.
Eaatbar, 862 n 8.
Kiwi, 248.
E&yeth Prinoes, 145.
Kizi 4Lli, 866, and n 5, 867.
^ihattah, 120.
Psi Ehin, 56 n 8.
Kizilb&ahis, The, 397 and n 4.
ILisi Shih&bTiddin, 169.
Kdai, the, 41.
Pmadah, 12.
^lazwini, ^amdollah Mnsfcanfl, 86 ft 1,
415 n 2.
Kedir Bij6, 169 it 2.
K^16khari, 279.
Kiordh, The, 126.
Eeppler, 5 » 1.
Kerani Afghins, The, 898 n 2.
Khaoh, 826.
Kbagendrapora, 856 n 8.
Khaibar pass, 899. '
Khair&bid, Saridlr, of, 98, 176, 278.
Ehd^, The, 118 n 2.
Khilid bin ^bdol Malik al Marwasi,
4 and n 1, 7.
Ehalifat4b4d, Sark^ of, 128, 181.
KhAifah lands, 867 n 4.
Khilaah lands of Kashmir, 866 n 4.
Khamsah of Niz&mi, 805, 881 n 4.
Khanamnsha, 856 n 8.
Khin Biligh, 118 and n 2.
Khind^, 115, 208 » 2, 222, 228 n 4, 225
n 1, 226, 227, 281 n 4, 289, 253 n, 266.
Khand^wi, 248.
Kh£mEra,29.
Khin-i.Shahid, 804, 805.
Khin Jah&n, 226 n 4.
KhibVah-i-Hnilla monastery, The, 855
114.
Kh&np^, 880 « 2.
Khdrd,i40nl.
Eharaks^n, 218.
Kharals, The, 880 n 1.
Kharmi sheep, The, 850 n 8.
Eharwdvy 894.
Kh&s Khel, 248 n 2.
Khaara, 48.
Ehata, 82, 118 and ti 2, 121, 885.
Kha^ Kings, History of the, 83 n 4.
Khat&i tables, 12.
Khatpur, 326.
Khatri Prinoes, 144.
Khattir, 837, 858.
Khattd, 241 ft n 1.
Khatwir, mountains, 310, 811.
Khaw&k pass, 899 and n 8, 400 n 1,
Khdwar, 278 n 8.
Khiwarpirah, 359 and it 2.
Khizin, al, al Marwazi, 11.
KheUt» 887 n 4.
Kher, 271.
Kheri, 178.
Kh^rlah, 229.
Kherlah, Sark^ of, 282, 288.
Khet hatdi, 44.
Khilji, Mo^d. Bakhtiir, 148.
Khiljf Sultans, The, 197, 298, 805, 807.
Khinj&n, 400 and n 1.
Khirad N&mah, a poem, 881 « 4.
Khirdj, 55, 57.
Khirdji lands, 56, 57.
Khizr Khiln, 149, 218, --227, 805 and
806, .807, 808 and n 1.
Khizr Khini, a poem, 304 n 8, 805 n
Khizr the Prophet, 808 n 2, 404.
Khizr&bid, 278. I
Khoihdma, 364.
Khojend, 119 n 1.
Khokhar tribe, 888.
Khrin, 358.
Khndibanda Mn^d, 86 n 8.
Khnli^at nl Ans&b, 401 n 8, 402 n 8.
Khnla^at nt Tawfirikh, 120 ii 1, 122 n 1,
150 nl.
Khnlna Dist., 116 n 8.
Khimamoh, 856 n 8
Khnrisin, 5 n 1, 7, 85 n 10, 110 n 1, 889,
894, 899 II 2, 400 and II 1, 401 n 4, 412,
418, 414.
Khnshalghar, 401 n 2.
Khnsrau Khin, 806.
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uo
Ebosraw wa Shirm, a poem of Nixlmi,
381 #14.
KhatUn, 892 and n 4.
Khozdaah, tribe of, 26 n 8.
KbuzisUui, 413 n 1,
Kbwajagi, ManUna, 170.
Khwijab AbdalVadir, Mosioian, 889.
Kbwdjab Abul Fazl, 35 n 18.
Ehwajab Hamu, 404.
Khwdjah Kbawend S^id, 409 n 2.
Ehwdjab Mandnd Ohasbti, 409 ft 2.
Ebw&jah Na9£r, see Na^iraddin T^*
Ehwijab Qoicksand, Tbe, 409 ft 2.
]9:hwdjah Basbidi Tabib, 86 «• 3.
Ebw&jab Beg i-Baw4n, 409.
Khwijah BoBban&i, 404.
Kbwijah Sarwar, 218.
Kbwijah Seh YMn, 409 fi 2.
Ebwibazmi tables, 9.
Kbw^Lrazmi, AUaddiiii al, 11.
Kbw&rizm, 86 n 2, 414, 415 n 1.
]^bch6lF pass, 400 and n 1.
Kib, 226.
]$:ila Beiza, 400 n 1,
Eindi, al, 10.
Eing Artbur, 228 n 4.
Eing, Dr 117 i» 8, 124 n 1, 161 n 4, 291
n 1, 849 n 1, 851 » 3, 357 n 2, 863 it 8.
Sing's cave, Tbe, 894.
Eiraj, 844 n 2.
Kir&n as Sa^dain, 167 #i 2, 279, 805.
Eirat Sin^, K&jab, 159.
Eiranli, 250 ft 1.
Eirm&n, 57*
Eirmilni, Tables, 11.
Eirmini tribe, 837 ft 3.
Eirtbar, mountains, 337 «ft 2, 4.
KisdH, 151.
Eisban, 881.
Eisban Qanga, 347. Tbe — , 847, 391.
Eisbtwlirab, 810 ft 7, 885.
Ei8tn&, Tbe, 280 n 1.
Eit^b-i-Bafbidi, The, 352 n 1.
Eit6b-nl-Ajiw&, 7 n»
Kitab nl Fibrist, see Fibrist, al.
Eitdb nl Maairif, 82 n 6.
Eitab xi\ fihirat, 6 n*
Kiy&ra Snndar, 121.
Kivi Afgb&ns, The, 893 n 2. .
Eddi, The, 195.
Eohat, 393 ft 2, 407 n 2.
Eohbitr, 837 and n 2.
Eoh Ddman, 408 n 5, 409 n 2.
Eoh-i-Snlaim£n, 355.
Eokar Nilg (spring) 356 and fi 8.
E61is, The, 245 n 6, 271.
E61, SarkAr of, 97, 186.
Eombhalm^r, 268.
Eondi Eoliy&t, 245.
Eorabjdr, 387 n 2.
Eorarab, Sark&r of, 90, 167.
Eorarah, town of, 167 d; n 1.
Koru Pandu temple, 358 n 4.
E<5rkbatri, a shrine, 404.
Eorrah, 167 n 1 and ft 2.
Edriu&r, 246.
K6a, Tbe, 116 ft 2, 414.
Eosah N% 862 n 8.
Eotahdevi, 377 ft 1,
Eotah, 217 n 2, 268 n 1.
Kotah pdohah, The, 338 and ft 1.
Eotli, 347 fi 8.
Eotihiur, 858.
Eotip^li, 228 it 6.
E6tpiitli, 182.
Eotri Pariiyab, Qatkit of, 209.
E<5tri, Sarklir of, 112.
Kotwdl, Daties of tbe, 41.
Eoj&kbai, The, 127 n 1.
Eripaoh&raya, 284.
Erishna, 127, 246 ft 5, 248, 250 n 1, 280
ft 1 284, 285, 294 it 1.
Erityarmdp, 284.
Erokala, 344 it 2.
Eubad, 55.
Enblai Ebiw, 12, 118 ii 2.
Kuddmah, The, 55 n 2.
Eiiob, 117, 121.
Eufah, 27 n 3, 83, 60 n 1.
EnU ^utb Sh&h, 230 it .1.
Eulutas, The 281 a 4.
Enllor E&her, 405 n 2.
Enlln, 281 n 4, (mQVntaiiis)^ 810 and « 4
Qlolznm (Bed Sea) 121.
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Google
441
Knmion (hills), 278, 280.
Knm&on, Sarkar of, 105, 289.
Knmirila, 214 n 2.
Kamirp&l Solanki, 263.
Kamberani tribe, The, 837 n 8.
^umis, 3i n 8.
^nmniti Qasan-b-^li, al, 12.
Kanar, The, 890 «• 3, 405 n 1.
Ennbhis, The, 163 n 2.
Enndoz, 220 n 6, 399 n 3.
Eun^r, 892 and n 2 and 4.
Eonti, 285.
Eo^warpil, 217.
^ar'an, al, 27 n 3, 32 n 5.
Enrmi, 163 n 2.
Eurram, The, 898-9 n 6, 401 n 2.
Enrakshetra, 246 fi 6, 281 and n 5, 282,
288,284.
Earn, Ba j4^ 282.
Enshin yallej, 400 n 1 .
EdshyiLr-b-Ken&n al Qanbali, 8, 25.
Ensik, 280 n 2.
Ku(d8 cow, The, 172 fi 2, 280.
^ntb-i-A^am, 240 n 7, 241.
^Qtb minilr, 279, n 2, 303 n 1.
Kn\h Sh&hi djnasty, 280 n 1.
^Qtbaddin, (a general), 271 n 1.
^n^baddin A^mad Shdh, 261.
l^n^nddln Aibak, 148, 263, 302.
^Qtbnddin Mubarak Shdh, 306.
l^n^addin of Kashmir, 877 n 1, 879 n 1,
887.
Ku^bnddin, Sultin, 279, 280, 303.
Ka^bnddin, Soltin, of Maltdn, 834 n 6,
885.
Kn^buddin ITshi, 279, 803.
i^ntb nl Mnlk, 230.
Kathiir, 862.
Kntija Gnnir, 176 n 2.
Katlngh Nig&r Kh&nnm, 220 h 5.
Kattook, 126, 148.
Uoohmahkal, The, 855.
Ladik, 118 n 2
Ladakb, 351 n 2, 409-10 n 3.
Ladiki shoep, 350 n 3.
Lah(»>e, 110, 180 n 5, 304, 805, 115, 312,
326 n 1, 890.
Lahore, Sdbah of, 81, 110, 111, 115, 810,
315 n 2, 326 n 2, 327, 366 n 1.
Laila wa MaJDun, a poem of Nix&mi,
881 n 4,.
Ldkha, J&m, 249 n 2.
Lakhmul, 263.
Lakhnauti, 115, 122, 131, 148.
Lakkhi, 887 and n 2 and 4.
Lala-Eoal, 863 n 1.
Lalandar, 404.
Lalang, 222.
Lalitaditya, 856 n 3, 364 n 3, 385.
LaliUpira, Rdj&, 886.
Lalla Bookh, 805 n 8.
Lalmif signification of the term, 348 n 2.
Lama, 409-10 n 8.
Lamgh&n, 405, and n 1, 406.
Lamghan&t, 406 n.
Lim or Laraek, 406.
Lane, 1 n 2, 57 n 4, 59 n.
LaDgiih family. The, 834 n 6, 385.
Langar Khib, 386.
Lanka islet, The, 864 n 1.
L&r, 363, 890.
Larissa, 28 n 1.
Lassa, 409-10 n 8.
Lassen, 405 n 1.
Latkan fmit, The, 124 and n 1.
i^aTah of Kashmir, 381.
Lavapur, 881.
Leech, 899 n 3.
Lees, Oaptain Naasan, 35 n 10.
Lerant, The,
Lesser Oanon, 7 n.
Levant, The, 49 n 2.
Lewis, Astronomy of the Ancients, 3 ti 1,
14 » 2, 28 n 1.
Leyden, Dr. 352 n 1.
Lidar, The, 359 n 1 and 2.
Lion Dynasty, The, 219 n 1.
Lithoxyle, flLutb-i-AAlam's, 240 n 7.
Little Cntoh, 250.
Little K&bnl, 399 n 1.
Little Tibet, 347, 349, 364.
Liver-Eater, The, 388.
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442
Lodi dynasty, The, 170 n 6, 180 n 3.
Loghar, Tdmim of, 406.
Lohiwar, (Lah(5r), 312.
LondoDera, The, 196 n 1.
Lord, Dr., 400 n 1.
Loti A*fn, 117 n 8.
Lnoknow, 178.
Luoknow, Sarkir of, 93, 177.
Lddhi&nah, 278, 810.
Lanar, 280.
Lnnar, The, race, 250 n 1, 280 n 2.
Loristan, 418 n 2.
LnahaiB, The, 119 n 8i
M.
Laooabees, The book of, 26 n 8.
Maoedonia, 28, 24.
Miu3hh£md, 864.
Machiapora, 866 n 2.
Machhiikhant&, 242.
M&chhiwirah, 810.
Mad&in, 60 n 6.
Madan Mahal, 196 n 2.
Had&ran, SarkiLr of, 116, 126, 141.
Hader, 400 n 1.
Madh6piir, 246 n 6.
Maghribi, al, 19 n 1, 24.
MaghB, The, 120.
Magical practices, 117 and n 2.
Mah&b&h, 214.
Mab£bh&rata, The, 121 n 1, 147, 214 n 2>
280 n 1,282, 284.
Hah&chin, 118 and n 2.
Mahideva, 120, 178, 224, 228, 249, 818,
854, 858, 860, 864, 880.
Mahideya moon tain, 851.
Mah&m&ya, (a shrine), 812, 818.
Mah&nadi, The, 126 and 127 n 1.
Mahendri, The, 250.
H6hi E&nta, 250 n 2.
Mahim, 248.
MahkadLb&d, 228.
Mahkar, Sarkar of, 280, 287.
Mabmdd son of Aba S^d, 220 n 6.
Ma^mud II, of Milwah 220, 221, 809.
Habmdd Bigarah B6ji, 226, 240 n 8.
Ma^mdd II, of Mnlt&n, 835.
Ma^mdd Qawan, 288 n 4.
Mabmdd I of Gajar4t, 227, 248^ 261»
264, 265 n 1, 346, 889.
Mabmdd Khan, 889.
Mabmdd Khilji, Soltin, 220 and n 8,
807, 885.
Ka^mddllbid, 128, 241.
Ma^mddib&d, Sark&r of, 182.
Ha^mdd, Saltan, of GhaKni, 168, 178
and n 1, 241, 268, 414.
Ha^mdd Tnghla^, 218 n 2.
Mahmudi, (coin), 252 n 1.
Mahoba, 167 n 2.
M£h6r, Sark^ of, 285.
Mihdr, 228, 280.
Marram Beg Kotah, 890.
Mahrattas, The, 248 ft 4» 250 n 2.
Mihnm Anag^ah, 404.
MdhroM, Etymology of, 1 and n 2, 27.
Maidin, 402.
Maimand, 895.
Maimdn-b-Mihr£n, 1 n 2.
Mijdr the Tnrk, 6.
Majhand, a flower, 161.
Majmdaah, a canon, 8.
Makhad, 402 n 8.
MaUdUf, 110 n 1.
Hakhzan nl Bal£ghat, 86.
Makhzani-Afgh^, 221 n 8.
Makhzani Asr&r, a poem, 381 n 4.
Mdl, 68.
Malabar, 123 n 4.
Malcolm's History of Persia, 897 n 4.
Maldeva, 2^7, 271.
Mdldeva Ghanh&n, 270.
Malik Ali Mnb&rak, 148.
MaUk Ay&z, 248.
Malik Abdnllah, 265.
Malik Bari Bhat, 889 n 1.
Malik Fakhmddin, 148.
Malik Ghdzi, 806.
Malik Kiji, 889 n 8.
Malik K&li. 808 n 6.
„ FinSz, 808 n 6.
„ Mnbammad, 808 ft 6.
„ Khwijah, 808 n 6.
MaUk of Kh4ndesh, 218 n 2.
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J
443
Malik Kabfr-i-Anlia, 279.
MaUk Mardin Daaiat Kh£n, 807, 308 n
1.
Malik Mafarra\) SaHlini, 263 m 4.
Malik Baji, 226,
Malik Shabin, 265.
Malik Sarwar, 169.
Malik Shaikh 308 n 1.
Malik mah Sharif, 167 n 2.
Malik Yir-i-ririn, 279,
Maliki Era, 29.
Malkimad, 224.
Malkaud Baj pats, 892.
Malld Khin, 169, 221, 807.
Malwah, PHnoes of, 210.
Milwah, Sdbah of, 86, 112, 116, 195, 214.
Miilwah, 86 n 1, 179, 217, 218, 221, 2^2,
239, 805 n 2, 80S, 309, 335, 415.
Momelnke dynasty. The, 84 n 5.
Mdmuftiah, gas, 60.
Mimdn, 3 n 2 and 8, 4 » 1, 7, 9, 10, 60,
415-16 » 2.
Mamr^z Khiin, 149.
Minasarowar, a lake, 310 n 2.
Manch^r, a lak«, 338.
Min^l, 268
MiDdaUk, 2 1.5 n 1.
Mandan, 197.
Mandav hills, The, 245 n 6.
Mandelsloe, 893-4 n 4.
Mando, 219 n 1.
Mandn, Sarkar of, 206.
Mandlaer, Sark&r of, 190.
Mandr^ur, Tuman of, i00«
Mandu, 196.
Maner, 160,151.
Mangala, 315 n 1.
Mangr^j, 260.
Manglor, 246, 247.
Mangl6r, 391 and n 7.
Manga Khin, 29 #i 2.
Mini, 345 n 2.
Manikdmg, Sark&r of, 236.
M&nikdmg, 230.
Monilc, a title, 117.
M&nik Deva Ohaah&n, 217.
Minikp^r, Sarkir of, 90, 164, 170.
67
Minikya Rai, 217 nS.
Manku ^&An, 402.
Mann, Mr., 118 n 1.
Man^drah, 827 and n 3, 836 » 4.
Man^dr, al, 9, 10, 38 n 2, 60.
Man^dr b. Jamhdr, 845 n 1,
Mann, 381 n 2.
Mann, appears, 15.
Mann, age of a, 880 n 1.
Mannoci, 231 n 4,
Manns, The, 15 and n 2.
Manvantaroj of a Mann, 380 n 1.
M&r, The, 355.
Marighah, 4 and n 4, 19 » 1.
Marco Polo, 118 nn 2 and 3.
Marlchi, 381 n 2.
Marot, 880 n 2.
Mar6s<5r, Sarkdr of, 208.
Marmion, 407 n 1.
Marr&j, 368 and n 1.
Marrdj Tract, The, 868.
Marris tribe, The, 387 n 4.
Martand, 358 n 4, 365 n I.
Martyrs, Era of the, 28 m 2.
Mam A^win, 358.
Marw, see Merv.
Marwah, al, 27 n.
Marwarriid, 7 n 16. 85 n 10.
Marwilr, 268, 270, 271 and n 1 and 7.
Princes of, 271 n 7.
Marws, The two, 7 » 16.
MaAsir*nl Umara, The, 337 n 2.
Masadd Kh&n, 220.
Masaddi, al, 11, 31 n 8, 84 n 4, 327.8 »
8.
Masadd Sh&h of Ghazni. 408 n 1.
Mishallah, 10.
Masnawi of Jalil-nddin Bdmi, 89.
Masson, 391 n 5, 409- 10 n 3.
Massouah, 121 n 4.
Mast Ali Qhdri, 403.
Matalhimah, 362.
Matan, 358 and n 4i.
Mathnra, 181, 24S, 381.
Mitrignpta, Raji, 384, 385. .
Mato, 403 n 2.
Man, 158.
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Google
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ManUna Moina'ddiiii 894.
Manlana Yf^iib Charkhi, 406.
ManlAna Mul^axnxnad, 279.
Manrioe of Constantinople, 268 n 6,
Hajaptir, 312 n 4.
Maja, 312 n 4.
Mizanderan, 6 n 1.
M'tzHri, The term, 180 n 8, 840 n 8.
MoGrindle, 118 n 2, 120 n 1 and 4.
Measures of length, 417.
Measures, Linear, 116 » 2.
Meooa, 4 n 2, 26 n 8, 27 and n 8, 82 n 8,
66.
Medical Plants. Bentley and Trimen,
857 n 2.
Medina, 27 and n 8, 82 n 1.
M^ni Rio, 231.
Medni lUe, 221 n 1.
Megav&han, Bij6, 384.
Meghna, 116 n 8.
Mehwasi estates. The, 262 n.
Mekrin, 326, 336, 343, 344 and n 2.
Melgarh, 228, 229.
Menaki, 280 ft 2.
Menelaus, 5 n.
Merit], 865 n 1.
Merr, 4 n 1, 7, 32 nn 4 and 6.
Mewdr, 220, 221 n 2, 268 and » 4, 269
R&nas of, 270 n 2.
Mew&t, 307.
Mi&n Doab, 115.
Michael the III, 8 n 2.
Miohni, 811 ft 3.
Midnapur, 126 n 1.
Mihirkal, B&j&, 382.
Mihron, The, 327 and » 1, 336 ft 4.
Mikdl, Ibn ul, 36 n 11.
Mi^lamah, a canon, 12.
Mikldti cloth, 355 n 8.
M<1, The, 414 n 2.
Mim, 118 fi 2.
Minah tribe, 271.
Mines de V Orient, a book, 893 n 8.
Mir 4dh The, 41.
MirQa8an,^04.
Mir Khusru, 167 n 2, 804 and n 8, 806.
Mir Mul^ammad Niir Bakhsh, 852 n 1,
889 n 2.
Mir S^id ^li Hamadini, 855, 387, 892
and n 4. (His monastery, 355 n 4).
Mir Zn'n Ndn Beg, 346.
Mirin Mubirak, 227.
Mirin Muhammad, 227, 266.
Mir&n Mubarak ShiLh, 266 n 8.
Mir&n Sh&h Mirza, 220 n 4.
Mirin ShAh, 226, 227, 266.
Mir,6t-i-A]|;imadi, 268 n 2.
Mir,6t ul Jan£n, 84 n 6.
Mir,it-i-Sikandari, 268-4 n 4, 264 n 1,
266 n 8.
Miru, Mount, 14f»
Mirzi Gaidar, 890.
Mirz& 9aidar Doghl&t, 852 n 1.
Mirzi rsa, 846, 347 n 1.
Mirzi Jini Beg, 347 and n 1.
Mirzi Eimrin, 336, 390.
Mirzi Shih Bukh, 308.
Mirzi Ulugh Beg of Kibul, 392.
Mirzi Ulugh Beg. 6.
Modha, 160.
Moghulistin, 220 n 5.
Mohmund, 401 n 1.
Mohwah, 247.
Moj, 330 n 2.
Monghir Plate, The, 145 n 1.
Monier Williams, 300 » 3.
Montgomery District, 329 n 6, 830 n 1.
Months of different eras tabulated, 81.
Months, Four kinds of Hindu, 16.
Month, Intercalary, 17.
Month, synodical, 14 2 i».
Month, solar, 14.
Month, Lunar, 14.
M<5ri, 250.
Morbi, 242.
Moodkee, 826 n 2.
Moore, 805 ft 2.
Moorcroft, 849 n 1 and 2, 850 n 8, 856 n
8, 858 » 4, 859 n 2, 360n2, 361n4,363
n 1, 865 n 8, 366 n 4, 400 n 1, 409 n S.
Moses, 352 n 1.
Mount ^bti, 217 n 2, 246 n 3, 2&1.
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445
Mount Ararat) 405 n 2.
Moant Kisimii 7 n 15.
Mnajamnl Buldin, 11, 88 n 4, 115 n 3,
116 n 121 n 8.
Hnatabar of Sanjari, 11.
Mnatadhid, 6, 9, 29 n 3.
M^&wiyah, 844 and n 2.
Mabirakib^, 308 n 8.
Mabibrak Kh^, 806.
Mabarak Khizr, 180 n'.5.
Mabirak of Sind, 846.
Uab&rak Sh&h, 169, 219, 220, 808.
linbirak Shih Ohaakandi, 226, 227.
Mab^riz Ehin, 221 and n 8.
Mnfrad, al, 12.
Mugbals, Tbe, 86 n 2, 118 n 2 and 8, 167
n 1, 804, 806, 885, 346 n 3, 389 n 8.
If oghirah Abul A^9> 344.
Hnghni, aJ, 8.
Mu^mmad, 27 n 1, 28 ft 8, 60 n 5, 159 n
2, 226 n 4, 852 n 1, 408.
Mohammad Aizam's Hist, of EaBbmir,
364 nl.
Hnl^mmad-b-Ayyiib, 12.
Hnl^mmad-b-IsltjiilF, 82, n 1.
Mnbamniad-b-Eh&lid, 4 n 1.
Mn^mmad-b-Mdaa, 9.
Mi4tamniad Bi\\, 847 n 1.
Mn^ammad Balkhi, 35 n 6.
Mo^^ammad Ghori, 271 n 1, 334 n 5.
Mn^mmad Qasib T^bari, 11.
Mo^mmad Jjl^sim, 834 n 5, 841 n 1
844,845.
HnJt^mmad Eh&n, 149, 889, 390.
Mnbammad Ehilji I, 806, 807, 808.
Hn^mmad Mirz&, 3al^, 220 n 5.
Mn^yammad Pajandah, 847 and n 1.
Mo^mmad Sh&h 4&dil, 221 n 8, 280.
Hn^mmad Sh4b of Allahabad, 170 n 8.
Mnl^mmad Shih II Bahmani, 288 n 1.
Hnl^ammad Sh&h of Eashmfr, 879 n 4,
889 and n 3, 390.
Muhammad Shdh, of Mdlwah, 220.
Mn^mmad Bhah Sajyidi, 808.
Mnb&mmad Son^of Feroz Shah, 263.
Hnbammad Tngblak, 226 n 4, 270, 279.
Maizza'ddin Bahrdm Shah, 304.
Mnizzn'ddin Eai Enb&d, 167 n 2, 279, 298,
805.
Maizzu'ddin Sim Ghori, 268, 270, 800,
802, 803, 835.
Ma^ddasi, al, 84 n 2.
Mnl^anna^ al, 83 n 2.
Mukdsamahf 57.
Muhh, The, 246.
Mnkht&r, al, 8.
MM, a mansion of the moon, 262 n 2.
Mdl MahlUleo, 246.
Mnlakhkha?, al, 12.
Mnl^r, 251.
Mnlla Ali Eiishji, 24.
Mnlla Jamil, mnsioian, 889.
Mnlla yddi the mnsioian, 388.
Miilrij, 262.
Mnltdn, 218, 267, 805, 807, 808, 310, 326
n 1 and 2, 827 and n 1, 8, 829 n 6,
834 n 6, 385, 386, 889 n 1, 346, 388 m 1.
Mult&n, Prorinoe of, 880 n 2, 334, Einga
of, 884.
Mnltin, Sark&r of, 828, (830 n 2).
Mnlt&n, Sdbah of, 83, 118, 115, 825 and
11 2, 826 n 2, 889.
Mnmtal^n, al, 7 ft.
Munghir, Sarkir of 152, 154.
Mnnja, 215 and n 2, 216.
Munja plant. The, 215 n 2.
Mnnja-pattana, 215 n 2.
Mnntakhab, of Tazdi, 11.
Uurid, Snlt&n, 229, 281 n 4.
Mnrakkab, al, 12.
Mnrtaf a Ni^imnl Mnlk, 238.
Mnrree road, The, 847 n 8.
Mnrdj u4 Pahab, 81 n 8, 34 n 4.
Miisa b. E^b at Tamimi, 345 n 1.
Mdsa of H&lwah, 218.
Hnshrafdd Danlah, 10.
Mnsicani, 887 n 1.
Mnstanfi, al, 11.
Mnthir ul Gharim, 84 n 2.
Mutiny, The, 286 n.
Muttra, 188 n 3, 185 n 1.
Musaffar ^abashi, 149.
Muzaflar I of Gujar&t, 86 n 1, 218, 219
264.
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Google
446
Mnzaffar II of Gnjarit, 86 «i 1, 221, 886,
206, 266.
Ill „ 86 » 1, 267.
Muzaffar Ebin, 88.
HazaifaraUd, 246.
tiuaaffari, 118 n 8, 114 ft.
N.
I ABONASSAR, 22 n 8.
Nlidir Shah, 401 n 1.
Nadiyfi, 140 n 6, 148.
Nadon, 303 n 1.
N&d(5t, 251. Sarkir of, 264.
Naga Arjnn, 16.
N&ga dynasty, The, 864 n 8.
N^m, 863.
Nagarahftra, 406 n 1.
Nagark6t, 812, 884, 887.
N^har, 244.
Naghr, 898-9 n 6, 899.
N6gdr, Sarkar of, i02, 270, 271-276.
Niigs, The, 14 ».
Ndhar Rao, 229.
Nahrwiilab, 262, 306fi2.
Niilah, an idoT, 26 n 3.
NajrAo, Tiimin of, 406, 407 « 1.
Nakula, 282.
Nalli Mdr, The, 366 n 1.
Nandimarg, 357.
Naudod, 251 n 3.
Nangenhir, 405 n 1 and 3.
Napta, The, 228.
Ndra, 336 n 4, 837 n 1.
Nara, R4jft, 382.
^(W(£in, 117.
Nariin D&a, 241.
Narapati Andhras, 230 n 1.
Narayahana, 216 n 1.
Narbada, The, 160, 196, 197, 224 n 2,
239, 243
Narmal, 230.
Narnllah, Sarkfir of, 234.
Kamftlah, fort of, 228, 229, 268.
Ndmol, 182.
N&rn<51, Sark&r of, 97, 198.
Nbrsing Deo, R&j4, 129.
Naraingh Deva, 801.
Narwar, Sarkir of» 189, 195.
Nisik Distriot, 228 n 6.
Na^ir Khan, 181, 218, 220.^
Na^ir Khlin Fdruki, 223 n\ and t.
Naf{r Shah, 226, 266.
Nifiri, an, 12.
Na^'rptir, 339. Sarkir of, 341.
Nafir nd Danlah b ^mdan, 12.
Na^'ruMdm Chirigh, 170.
Nasira'ddin Ghori, 280, 298.
Nasirn'ddfn Khnsnan Eh4ii, 806.
Nafim'ddm Kabbaoha, 841 n I.
Na^'r-nd-din Maltjiratid Sh&h, 86 n 10, 904
Kaeim'ddin T<!^Bi, 2 #• 8, 4 and n 4, 12, 14
n 1, 19 n 1, 416-6 n 3.
Na^rat Sh«h, 149, 807.
Nasr^n flower. The, 409 n 1.
Natn, 394.
Nanjah, Raja, 148
Nanshirawan, 65, 268 and n 5.
Navanagar, 245 n 6, 249 n 2, 260.
Navasari Distriot, 261 n 2.
Nawi-Bandar, 246 n 16.
Na?arb4r, Sarkir of, 196, 197, 208, 261.
Na^hari Balooh Olan, 837 and n 4.
N&zak of Kashmir, 879 n 4, 389 « 3, S90
and n 2.
Niznk Shah, 172 n 2.
Nebaohadnezzar, Era of, 22.
N^nihil, TAmin of, 406.
New Sord^h, 24&
Niazi, 402 n 3.
Niamat a'llah, 221-2 n 8, 398-9 a 6,
40i, n 1.
Nidzi Afghiins, The, 393 n 2, 402 n 3.
Nichi Hama, 865 i» 2.
Nicator, SelencuB, 24 and n 4.
Nidhdm at TawiHkh, 36 n 2.
Nigantha sect, 382 n 1.
Nilometer, The, 69.
Nikodar, 401 n 4.
Kilah Nag, 363.
Nilkar, 127.
Nilmat, The miracnloitfi volnme, 863.
Nfmkhir, 172.
Nimlah, 899.
Nimr<5z, territory of, 414.
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Google
447
Nineteen Years' Botes, The, 69.
Ni8&b6r, 8, 11, 84 w 8, 85 n 8.
Nisatha, 811 n 8.
Kif4m-ad-din Aolia, 279.
Nifim Miutakhrij, 268.
Niftmi, 214 n 1, 881 n 4.
Noah, 15 n 2, 406.
Nohmardi tribe, 887.
Noflchahra, 826 n 2.
Nowsherah, 847 n 8.
Kdmi, 167 n 1.
Noxnismata Orientala, 882 n 1.
Nargil, 892 and n 2.
Ndroi, The, 826.
Ndr BakhshlB, The, 852 n I.
Ndr Bakhshi religion. The. 852 n 1, 889.
Nnshatnl Kullib, a book, 415 n 2.
N. W. P., The, 61 n 2, 166 » 2, 848 n 2.
Njohthemeron, The 18.
Oo
/CKLBY, 60 n 8.
Ohind, 404-5 n 6.
Olirer, Mr., 86 n 1.
Omfo, 56.
Oman, Gulf of, 121.
OnUn, Sea of, 326 n 2.
Omar, 55, 57, 60, 226 n 4. b-nl Kha^^b,
844, 418 n 1.
Omar Khayyam, 29.
Omar Shaikh, 220 n 5.
Omariyah gaz, 60.
Opi6n, 400 n 1.
Orde camps, 402 n 1.
Oriasa,115,116,125,219nl,811n8,840n8.
Orositts, 342 n.
Osam, 245.
Othm&n-b-Affin, 60 n 5, 344.
Othm4n-b-^nnaif, 60 and n 6.
Ottc, B. 0., 865 n 8.
Ondh, 149, 157, 228 n 8, 309 n 8.
Ondh, King of, 286 n 4.
Oudh, Stibah of, 77, 93, 94, 115, 170, 27a
Ondh, Sark&r of, 98, 178.
Oukar, or Okar, The, 362 n 4.
Ooseley, 827 « 1,415 nl.
Oxos, The, 827 n 1, 400 n 1.
JT ADMATI,The,865.
Padm&y»t(, 269 n 2.
Paghmin range. The, 408 n 6.
P^U, The, 180 n.
Pahr, 59.
Pahdri dialects. The, 851 n 2.
Pain Am, 124 n 8.
Tik Pattan, 880 n 2.
Pakli, 847, 865, 891. SarWb- of, 39a
P&I, 222, 250 and n 2.
P&lhan Deva Kaohhivihah, 801.
P«i, 271.
P&lithinah, 247.
Palwah fish. The, 888.
Palwal, 179, 278 and » 2, 286 n 1.
Pampnr, 856 n 8, 867.
Panir, 229.
Pan&r, Sarkir of, 238.
Panohir vall^, 899 n 8.
P&ndavas, The, 282, 288, 284, 358 n 4,
Pandit Bapn Deva, 417 n I,
Pandit Kadha Kishan Kaul, 847 n 8, 855
n 4, 862 n 4, 893 n 2.
PAndrethlin, 855 n 2, 884 » 1.
Pilndn, 282 and n 1.
Pani, 402 u 8.
Panipftt,"149 n 2, 170 n 6.
PanjAb, 110.
Panja Sahib, 324 n 2.
Panjakora, 31 1 n 8, 891-2 n 7.
Panjil, application of, 848 n 1.
Panjhfr, 410 n 1. (Valley), 899, 400 w 1.
Panjnad, The, 825 n 2.
Panjshir, 399 » 8, 400 n 1.
Pinta8($k, 355 n 2, 856 n 8, 884 » 1.
Paranohi, a shrine, 246.
Parting, 411 n 1.
Pdras, 197.
Parash£war, 404, 411.
Paraspdr, 864.
Paraufi land, 68, 66.
Parganah, The term, 114,
Parganahi Haveli, 868.
Parihasapura, 856 n 8.
Parikshita, 246 n 5.
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Google
448
Parlstin, 847.
Panardr, Sark£r of, 110.
Parsis, The, 248 n 2 and 8.
Parw&n, 899 n 8, 400 and n 1, 409 n 1.
Pashii mountain, 899 n 8.
Paahang, 408.
P&talipntra, 246 n 5.
Pat&l Nagari, 281.
Pithri, Sark&r of, 280, 286.
Pati Haibatpdr, 110.
Patna, 151,246n5.
P'Jtrahf Hindu term for almanac, 12.
Pattan, 289 240, 242, 245 and n 8, 262.
Pattan Somnitb, 245.
Pattan, Sarklur of, 251, 254.
Paff4, a woollen material, 855 n 8.
Patwari, The 66.
Panaghar, 242 n 14.
Fdyihks, The, 149.
PiLsend, The, 248.
Pedro IV of Arragon, 26 n 5.
Pegn, 119.
Pekin, 118 n 2.
Pentapolis, 116 n 1.
Perith, 181.
Persia, 24, 28 fi 6, 82 « 2, 57, 121, 179,
240, 243, 312, 848, 848, 852, 888, 890,
897 n 4, 404.
Persian Gntf, The, 121.
Peshiwar, 281 n 1, 811 n 8, 824 n 2, 891
n 5, 404-6 n 6.
Philolans, 8 n 1.
Pioh, 898-9 n 6.
P<h Soz, a kind of lamp, 814 n 1.
Pilpay, 268 n 2.
Pind Ditdan Khan, 405 n 2.
Pinjarah, Sarkir of, 186.
Pipal^ol, 224.
Pipal sir, 246.
Pir, Etymology of, 848 n 1.
Pit Panjdl, 847 n 8, 848 and n 1.
Pir, The, aFalFir, 848nl.
Plrzddah Sayyida, 291 n 2.
Pithdrah, 270, 279, 800, 801.
PiyfisbAri, 128.
Planets, The, 8 and »1.
Pliny, 810n 2,415 n 8.
Plutarch, 815 n 1, 842 n,
Pococke, 5 ft, 26 n 8, 88 n 8.
Poddr, 49 n 2.
Pohru, 868 n 1.
Polaj land, 68, 66.
Politics, Aristotle's, 53 n 1.
Pollock, Lieut.-Ool., 119 n 8.
Polo game, 803 n 1.
Poor rate. The, 57 and n 4.
Pope, 196 n 1.
Poraht 240 and n 5.
Porechas, The, 249.
Porphirius, 9.
Port duties (Gujerat), 259.
Portogal, 25 n 5, 124 n 5.
Portuguese, The, 125 n 2, 248 n 8, 248 n
2.
Pottinger, 848 n 2.
Prabhas Kan^, 280 and n 1.
Prabh^B, 280 n 1.
Prabhisa, 280 n 1.
Prajapati, 381 n 2.
Pravaraa^na, R£ji, 884 and n 1.
Pravarasenapura, 855 n 2, 856 n 8, 884 » 1.
Pravareswara, 884 n 1.
Pravaras^na II, 884 n 1.
Prinsep, 15, 877 n 1.
Prinsep, James, 158 » 8.
Prithi R£j, 159 » 2.
PrithirAj Toijiwar, 800.
Prithwi Eiji, 270, 279, 300, 801.
Priyig, 158.
Professions, Glasses of, 53.
Proportion, Rule of, 415-6 n 8.
Ptolemy, 3 and » 2, 4 #i 3, 6, 8, 10, 14,
23, 24, 26, 115-6 n 4, 116 n 1, 118, n 2,
120 n 1, 310 n 2 and 7, 811 » 1, 881
ft 2.
Pdnch, 347 n 3. The—, 847 ft 8.
Punjab Proper, 826 n 2.
Punjib, The, 246 ft 8, 804, 388 and ft 1,
889 and ft 1, 890 fi 1.
Punpun, The, 151.
Purbach, 5 ft 1.
Pdri, 127 and ft 1, 17 1 ft 5.
Purik sheep, The, 350 ft 3.
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Google
449
Hniy The, 228, 228.
Pioniiyah, Barkir of, 184.
PnniBhottania, 127.
FitsMcof am, a f estiyal 228 n 6.
Patrij, 215.
Pnndir, 301.
Fjihagoras, 6 #• 4.
l4uBTTA, 328 n 1.
JtlACHNA Dodb, 110 n 2 and 6.
B&dhanpar, 262.
Bae Bareli, 90, 286 n 4.
Bafia'ddin $afawi, 180.
B4hiri canon. The, 11.
Bai,881.
Bii dynasty, 843 n 1.
B4i Dlwiij, 843 n 1.
Bii Sihad, 848 and n 1.
Baisin, Sarkr4 of, 112, 199.
Baiyati lands, 188 n 6.
B£ja Ali Kh4n, 227.
Baja Hahandrah, 126.
Bdja Tarangini, The, 855 n 2, 880, 888
A 1, 384 n 1.
Bajab SiUr, 172.
£&jah Makand Deo, 127.
lUj&mahendri, 228 n 6.
Bajasthdn, Tod's 287 n 2.
B6jgar, 152.
Biji son of Mirin Shih, 227.
Bijmahal, 180 n.
Bajori, 847 n 8, 887 n 8.
Biijpiplah, 251 and n 8.
B&jplits, The, 270.
Biijpntina, 246 n 8, 268 n 4.
Bajor, 411 n 1.
Ba^lj^a, 4 and n 8, 8.
Bakastal, a lake, 310 n 2.
B&m, 843.
Mmi, 171 n 8 and n 5, 172 n 4, 228 ft 5.
Bimaohandra, 171, 223 n 4, 280 n 2.
Bim&yana, The 121 n 1, 228 n 4, 280 n 2.
Bambal, 861.
Bamohandra Deo, 127 n 2.
Rilm^sar, a shrine, 224.
Bamgar, 337.
B^mgarh, 228, 280.
Bampila, 282.
Rand, 251, 268, 269.
Band Arsi, 269.
Bin& Kombha, 220.
Uinh Sanga, 221 and n 2.
B£ni Umri, 269.
Ban&ditya, B6j&, 385.
Rimer, 243.
Bdnghar, Qarkir of, 237.
Bangpdr, 128 n 6, 124 n 1.
Bangtah, 180.
Banigit hill, 404-5 n 6.
Banthanb<5r, Sark&r of, 102, 274.
Ba^th^l, King of Eibal, 412, 413.
Bdo Mandalik, 268 and n 7.
Bafad, 5.
Bisti Kh&n, 268.
Bas&l&bad Porah, 240.
Bath, 128.
BUthor tribe. The, 241, 270, 271 n 1.
Bati, 165 n 3.
Raflf 55 and n 5.
Batna Sinha, 269 n 2.
Battanpdr, 171.
Bandhat ul Alb&b, 88 n 4.
Bandhat nr Bay&|^£n, 34 n 6.
Bandhat n^ $af &, 35 n 18 and 14, 86 n 6.
Bivana, 172 n 4.
Baverty, 848 it 2, 402 n 8.
B&yi, The, 110 n 2, 310 and n 1, 311, 312,
326 n 2, 326 and m 2, 829 n 6.
jS<itt>aZ, 268.
BawalPindi, 824n2.
B&wal Rattan Si, 269.
HaydJ^in, 409 n 1.
Baya-S^na, 800 n 1.
Baziah, 808.
Bazi n'l Mnlk, 266 n 8, 267.
MaMiwndmah, The 284.
Bechn&o Do&b, Sark^ of, 819, 326 n 1,
830, 883.
Bed Sea, The, 55 n 5, 121 n 8.
Begiomontanus, 5 n I.
Beinaud, 343 n 2.
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Google
460
Rennel, 246 n 6.
Benonard, 848 n 2.
BeveDue, Collector of, 48.
Bewa K&ntha, 261 n 8.
Rew£ri, Sarkir of, 105, 278, 298.
Bbotis, 149.
Bhinoceros, The, 281.
Bhya David, Mr., 882 n I.
Bioe of Bengal, 121.
Big Veda, The, 280, 289 n 2.
Binjan of Tibet, 886.
Biyiz OB SaUtin, 117 m 1, 128 n 6, 128 n
2.
Book, The— in the river, 883.
BohtRk, 285 n 1.
Boht£8, 152.
Bohtia, Sarkir of, 110, 167.
Bohilkhand, 287 n 2.
Borne, 415-16 n 2.
Rop Sdmii, a coin, 864 and n 2.
Bosenzweig-Schwanoan, 148 n 1.
Boshaniyah, The, seot, 352 n 1.
Boat, t)r., 221-2 n 8.
Boxbnrgh, 124 n» 5 and 6, 126 n 6 and 7,
152 n 8, 172 n 8.
Baba'a-el-Majnyyab, 2 n 4.
Bndra, 281.
£4%, a metal, 8 = 2 n 2.
Bnknnddln Fir6z Shih, 808.
BdmaTt, 14 and n.
Bonn of Catch, 246 n 8.
Baun, The, 249.
Biipar, 310.
Bapgarh, 261 n 2.
Bnstam, 115 n 8.
s,
5ABARMATTI, 239, 240.
BkU\, 6 n 7.
Babean tables, The, 4 n 8.
Sabnktagin, 414.
Sababari crops, 896 » 1, 896.
Bachau, 1 n 2, 7, 10, 11, 13 n 2 and 4^
21 fi 2, 27 n 2, 28 » 3, 31 n 3, 121 n 4. '
Sadhp6r, 13 n 4, 14.
6ad-i-0hodri, 860 n 2.
Sadid ad Daalah Abnl Ghan&im, 9.
Sadmapdra, 866 n 8.
^adraddin Mal^^mmad, 85.
$afa, Moont, 27 n.
§af&ih, a? 8.
Safedharif crops, 895 and n 1, 396.
Safed K(5h, 405.
Saffi^, as, 88 ft 2.
Saffron, caltivation and deacriptioo of,
857 and n 2.
$affa'ddin, 897 n 4.
$dghdn, 7 n 16.
Sahadeva, 282.
Sahiuranpur, Sark&r of, 105, 291.
Sahiir, Sarkdr of, 9G, 195, 809 n 3.
Sahia, range. The, 228.
Sahnah, 281, 286 n 2.
Said Khdn, Saltan of Edshghar, 890.
Saifdbad, 400 n 1.
Saifa'd Danlah, 8.
Saighin, 400 n 1.
Saila Deva, 261.
Sdur Jihdt tax, 58, 67, 866, 867 » 3.
adiru'l Mawdsi, 867, 368.
Sai, The, 171.
Saj£wand, 406.
8dkd eras. The, 16.
Sakat Sing, 218.
Saketa, 309 n 8.
Sakefh, 809 and ft 8.
Sakantala, 280 fi 2.
^aldbaddm of Sind, 846.
Sdlar Masadd, 172.
S&UrRajab, 807.
Sdlbdhan, 15, 16.
Sale's ^or'in, 26-7 ft 8, 27 n 1.
Baler, 251.
Sdlgirdm, The, 160 and ft 4.
Salim Eh&n, 61, 149, 170 ft & 22
Salim Shib, 221 n 3.
S&livahana, 21 5 ft 1.
Sam^ni, as, 9.
Samaj, a road, 892.
Siminah, 115.
Samdni, as, 7 « 16
Samani Sarai, 847-8 » 3,
Saminis, The, 414.
S&mantB, The, 800, 301.
Digitized by
Google
461
Simaut Singh, 262.
Samar^d, 6, 220 n 5, 388 n 1, 401 n 4,
408.
Simit the Greek, 6 n 7.
Slraat Singh, 261.
Samma dynasty, The, 842 and n, 846.
Sambhal, 16 n 1, 281.
Samhhal, Sarkir of, 69, 106, 281, 289.
Sambhar, 217 n 2.
BImbri Bao, 217 n 2.
Sambos, 842 n.
Samrat era, 16 n 2.
Sandabad, The, 810 n 7.
Sandaram, The, 866 n 1.
Sangrima D^va, 877 n 1.
Sang-sal, an idol, 409-10 n 8.
Saiijakbegi, The, 66 » 2.
Sanjin, 248.
Sanjari, Abn'l Fat^ ^bdorra^m&n, 11.
Sanjari, A^mad Abdul Jalil, 11.
Sanjaya, 284.
Sanka, Bijah, 270.
Sankar Varmi, Raja, 886.
Sank^dhir, 248.
Saraban, 402.
Sirada temple, 366 and n 1.
BariJ, 261.
S^ran, Sarkir of, 166.
Siurangpiir, Sarkiur of, 112, 208.
SaraswatI, 866 n 1.
Saraswati, The, 120 n 6, 126 n 2, 168,
239, 246, 281.
Sarayi, The, 228 ft 4.
Sardhir, 244 m 1.
Sardh&r, 244.
Sirdh<51 Solanki, 801.
SarjA, The, 171, 806.
8ffrkir, 114 ».
Sarkath, 281.
Sarkhech, 241.
SanShi, SarMr of, 102, 270, 276.
Sard, The, 171.
Sarwimi, 406.
Sarwar ul Molk, 808 n 8.
Bitgion, port of, 126 and n 2.
Sitg^T^, Sarkir of, 126 and n 2, 140.
Satgarba, 810 and n 1.
58
Sati, 880.
Sati Sar, 880.
Satpiir, 864.
Satpiira range, The, 228 n 2.
Sat Bisbi, 866.
Satr6njah (Satninjaya) hill, 247 and n 2.
Sattarsil 260.
Satnm, 8 n I.
Satyaki Yado, 284.
Satyavati, 282 w 1.
Sanleh Aoleng valley, 400 n 1.
Bawdd, The, 110 n 1.
Sawid, Sarkir of, 811, 891.
Sayyids, Dynasty of the, 218 n 2, 299,
888 nl.
Sayyid Mn^mmad, 888 n 1.
Scotland, 228 n 4.
Seasons, Hindd, 18.
Sedillot (Prologom^nes d' Olong Beg)
2m8, 8fi8, 4nnl and 4, 6 mii 1 and
2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 24 n 2.
Sehelin Kishi, 10.
S^hwin, 887 and n 4, 888, 346.
Sejistin, 844 m 2, 414 n 1 .
Selencides, Era of the, 22 n 1.
Selenons Nicator, 24.
Sendh Briri, 866.
Senghers, The, 191 n 1.
8^r, 42.
Sera, 847-8 n 8.
Seres, 118 n 8.
SenSt, 286 n 4.
Seroot, 286 n 4.
Serpent King, The, 324 n 2.
Serpent worship, 864 and n 8.
Se8<$diah clan. The, 261, 269.
Sesodih, 269.
Seth, 171.
Sewi, 886, 887, 846.
Sewist&n, 826, 328 n 1. 837 and n 4, 888
Sewistan, Sarkir of, 840.
Shidi Khin, 306.
Shidipdr, 866 n 1.
Shifi^i, ash, 82 n 1.
Sbih Ailam Bakhiri, 240, 241.
Shahibad, 861 n 4.
Shib Amir, 386.
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Google
452
Shah Beg Arghun, 346.
Sh£h Uamadin, Mosque of, 355 n 4.
Shdh I^asaiii of Ghor, 403 n 2.
Shah ^asaia Arghan, 886, 846.
Sh&hi| oanon, 11.
Sh^h lamiil, 265.
8h&hjin, 7 n 16.
Shilh Jahin, 231 n 4.
8h&h Edbnl Hill, 403 and n 5, 404.
Sh4h If^iaim Anw&r, 388 and ft 2.
Sh&hk<5i, 361.
Shdh Enlji, 5 n 2.
Bh&h Madar, 170.
Sh&h Mir, 377 n 1, 886.
Shihn&mah, The, 38 n 2.
Bhahp^r, 229, 811 n 2.
Bhahr Ari, 404.
Shahrist&ni, ash, 27 n,
Shih. Bokh, 5 M 1.
Bhahrjirdn, a oanan, 10.
Bhahrjir Aparwes, 28.
Bhdhd Khe], an Afghan tribe, 806.
Shaibak Kh&n Uabek, 846.
Shaikh Abdnllah ^oraishi, 279.
Shaikh A^mad Ehattu, 24 1 .
Bhaikh Ala n'ddin Majzdb, 180.
Bhaikh Borhdn nd din, 228 n 8.
Bhaikh Ism&ail, 397 n 4.
Shaikh Khizr, 180 n 5.
Bhaikh Mina, 178.
Bhaikh Muhammad Mosalm&n, 408 ».
Bhaikh SaUb, 279.
Bhaikh Sh&h, 217.
Bhaikh Ydsof, 334 and n 5, 885.
Bhaikhz&dahs, The, 407 n 4.
Bhaj&^t Eh&n, 221.
Bhakan Deva Bae, 305-6 n 2.
Bhakarnig, 361.
Bhak-mnma, an idol, 409-10 n 8.
Bhak-mnni, 409-10 n 8.
Bhilahm&r, 361.
Bhalya, 284, 285.
Shamil, The, 8, 12.
ShamrndsBin, The, 352-8, n 1.
Shammisiyah Obeeiratory, The, 4 n 1, 7.
Shamsabdd, 271, 315.
Sham»i-Aut4d, 279.
Shams T k-i-Biydb^ni, 279.
Shamsa'd Daalah, 4 n 8.
Shamsn'ddin ^bdaM-lah, 84 it 2.
Shamsa'ddin al Kiahi, 29 i» 2.
Shamsn'ddin Altmish, 279, 280, 808.
Shamsn'd din Bhank&rah, 219 n 1.
Shamsn'ddin of Kashmir, 887 and » 1.
Shamsn'ddin the N6r Bakhahi, 852 « 1,
889 and n 2.
Shdradd relics, The, 818.
Sharafn'ddin'a History of Tiaiir, 347 n
2.
SharifabM, Sarkfr of, 124^ 189.
Sharl^i, 8.
Shar^ kings, The, 809.
Shatsalah, 12.
Shattndar, The, 810.
8h4rgano, The, 126.
Sher Khan, 61, 68, 128, 149, 159, 160
n 1, 170 n 6, 221, 271, 279, 336, 890,
415.
Sh^rkUni Pass, The, 891, 892.
Sherring, 163 «« 1 and 8, 164 » 1, 165 •
1, 174 nn 1 and 2, 175 ti 1, 189 « 4,
19L n 1, 194 n 1, 287 ft 2, 837 » 8, 402
n2,
Sher Sh&h, 221 n 8, 828 » 8.
Shevaki, 404 n 2.
Shiber, 400 « 1.
Shibertd, a route, 400 and n 1.
Bhihdbn'ddin, 148.
Shih&bn'ddin ash Sh&fi^i, 84 n 2.
Shihiibn'ddin b. S&m al Ohori, 270 n H
Shih&bn*ddin Khilji, 30&
Shih&bn'ddin of Kashmir, 887.
Shihdbn'ddinpdr, 364.
ShiUong, 118 n 1.
8hiJfddr, 49 and n 3, 66.
Shikdrptir, 402 n 8.
Shir&z, 11.
Shirpao, 411 n 1.
Shirwan Khdn Bhatti, 266 fi 8.
Shdr, 826, 836.
Shnj&9 Sh6h, 180 n.
Shnkroh, 362, 868 fi I.
Shnpiyon, 847 n 8.
Bhnrail? b. H&ni, 412.
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Google
453
Shoster, iiS n 1.
SiMkokah, 246.
Sialkot, 389 n 1, 9mtkir of --, 110.
Siberia, 363 n 8.
Sibi, 828 n 1.
Siddhiota, The, 9.
SiddbiBte, The, 18 aad n 1.
Sidhanta Biromani, 417 n 1.
8idhp6r, 170, 248,
Siha, 271.
Siharas, M}i, 848 and n 1.
Sikandar Fat^ Kh^, 346.
8ikandar, Father of SaHan Zaian'l 4&bi-
din, 864 and n 8.
Sik&ndar Khin of Kishgbar, 890.
Sikandar Ndmah, The, 881, n 4.
Sikandar of Kashmir, 887.
Sikandar Shih of Bengal, 148.
Sikandar, the loonoclaet, 877 n 1, 886 n
2.
Sikhs, The, 366 n 4.
Sikri, 180.
Silrestre de Sad, 898 n 3.
Sinai, 118 n 2.
Smin, 6, 7.
Sind b. All, 8 and n 8, 10.
Sind, 49 n 2, 249 n 2, 260, 327 n 8, 885,
337 » 2, 844 and n 2, 846 n 1, 846,
886, 888, 898 and n 2.
Sindhind (Biddhinta), The, 7, 9.
Sindh 8£gar, 811, 816.
Sindh 8£gar Do&b, 822, 880.
Sindh, The, 811, 812, 326 n 2, 328, 891.
Sind, The, 810, 827 n 1, 866 n 1, 864,
366 i» 1, 369 n 2, 881, 406 n 2.
Bmgdrah, The 66 n 1.
Smghinah, 188.
Sinha Deya, B^j6, 877 n 1, 886.
Sin jar, 7 ft 18.
Sinjhanli, 167.
Sipra, The, 195, 196.
Birat nr Basiil, 27 n.
Sirhind, 281, 808, 310, 826 n 2.
Sirhind, Bark&r of, 105, 205, 826.
Sin, 279.
Birm^r hills, 246 n 8.
Sirdhi, 261.
Sirsa, 281, 826 n 2.
BisULn,d96, 396, 412, 418.
Sita, 172 n 4.
Siva, 169 n 8, 231 n 1, 246, 810 n 2, 313
and n 2, 316 n 1 and 2, 884 n 1.
Biw&liks. The, 802 n 1.
Biwi, 828 and n 1 , 893.
Siwistin, 180 n 6.
Biyi^, 36 n 8.
Biyar a*l Mata, akhkhirin. 117> 8, 120
n 1, 123 n 6, 150 n 1, 169 n 2, 180 n 1,
181 n 1, 218 n 8, 221 n 1, 226 n:i2,
229 m 1 and2,850n7,387nl, 40lnl.
Bkaphinm of Aristarohas, The, 2 n 3.
Slave Kings, The, 271 n 1.
Smith's Classical Dictionary, 23 n 1, 25
n 8, 416-16 n 2.
Bodah tribe. The, 839 and n 1.
Bof Ahan, 856 n 2.
Bogdi, The, tribe, 889m 1.
Bogdiana, 119 n 1.
Boh&n, The, 828 n 6.
Bojhat, 271.
Bolanki race, 244 n 16, Princes of the — ,
260.
Solar, The, race, 250 m 1.
Solomon, 862 n 1.
Bolomou's Hill, 388.
Solomon's stone, 360 n 1.
Bomnith, 246, 263 n 1, 280 n 1.
Bonamarg, 369-60 n 2.
Bon&rgio9, Sarkar of, 124 and n 2, 188.
S6nipatra, 215 n 2.
Bon, The, 150.
Bongarh, 261 n 2.
Bopheites, 311 n 2.
Bopnr, 856 n 3.
S<5rath, 242, 244, 260.
S6rath, Sark&r of, 243, 258.
Borereigns of Bengal, 144.
B<5yam, 366.
Spain, 19 n 1, 25 n 5.
Spanish era of the GaDsars, 26 n 6.
Spherics of llieodosias, 6 n 8.
Sport in British Bnrmah, 119 n 3.
Sri Bhat the phyBioian, 888 n 2
Sri Bhor Ddra, 261
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Sri Paii4ak Solanki, 262.
Srinagar, 811, 856 and nn 1, 2 and 4,
866 n 8, 868, 884.
Stamp tax, 410, n 1.
Statistical Aoooont of Bengal, 120 n 6,
126 n 2.
Stein, Dr., 888 n 1.
Strabo, 842 n, 866 n 8, 400 n 1.
St. John, 248 n 8.
St. Fanl'B Epistle to the Oor., 18 m 2.
St. Petersbnrgh, 800 n 8.
St. Sophia, 6 n 1.
Stnrt, 400 n 1.
Sndkin, 121.
Snastos, The, 811 n 8.
84bah, 114 n 1.
S^bahs, The twelve, 116.
Snbeha, 174 n 8.
Snbhadra, 127 n 4.
Sablime Forte, The, 808 n 2.
Sublime Standards, The, 808.
Snbnktagin, 84 n 7> 85 n 2, 414.
Sndhanwan, 214 n 2.
86dharah, 811.
Suez, 121 ft 8.
$ufi MawUni Bi&m, 408 n 1.
Snffavian monarohs, The, 897 n 4.
6nf y^n, 88 it 2.
Snhojnm, 865 n 2.
Bnidas, 8 n 2.
Snkhar Nai, The, 826 n 2.
Sukhdaan, The, 122.
Solaimin KadLni, 128 and 180 n, 149.
Sulaim&n, father of Khisr Khan, 807 and
808 nl.
Sulaim&n range. The, 887 n 4.
Snlaim&n&b&d, Barker of, 140.
Snlaym&n-b-Mn^ammad, 8 n.
8ulMy lands, 66, 67.
8nl(in Abn S^id, 29 n 2, 88 n 4.
Snlt&n A^mad, 241.
Snl^n ^U Khw&razmi, 11.
Snl^ Bahddor Gnjariti, 169, 226, 266.
Snltin Firoz, 148, 159, 226, 279, 281.
Snlt&n l^nsain I. cf Mnltdu, 884^ 886.
8nl(&n l^nsain II. of UvdUn, 886, 886.
Sol^ Ma^mdd Bahmam, 288.
Sal^n Ma^mdd Ghaznawi, 406.
SnltUn Hal^rndd I. of Gnjarit, 246, 264.
Saltan Ma^dd 11. of Gnjar4t, 266 and
n8, 267.
Snltin Ma^mdd EhDji, 168.
Snltdn Ha^mdd Ipf Mnltin, 834» 886.
Snl(in Ma^mdd II of Mnltdn, 84iw
Sal^n Ma^mdd SharVii 170, 181.
SuH&n Mu^mmad, 218, 220, 264^ 848.
Sulfin Mas^fidi Haiiras, 401 n 4.
Snl^ Shdh Lodi, 808.
Snl(in Shih&bn'd d(n, 218, 280, 802.
Sultin Sikandar, 60, 170, 180, 261, 266,
266 M 2, 280, 809, 886, 889.
Snl^n ash Shar^ 168.
Snlt&nieh, 5 n 1.
Snltdnpdr, 310, 826 n 2.
Snl^an nd Danlah, 10.
Snmaj oaves, 409.
Bdmma tribe. The, 249 n 2.
Sdmra line of Princes, The, 841, 842 fi,
846.
Sundarbans, The, ll6 n 8.
Sivntarahf a kind of fmit, 124 and h 6.
Suppliants of Euripedes, The, 68 a 1.
Sdrajkand, 178.
Surapura, 866 ft 8.
Surat, 248, 261.
Sdrat, Sark&r of, 266.
Sdr Afghans, The, 898 n 8.
Sdr, House of, 61, 169, 221 ft 8.
Surkhf The, a coin, 864 n 1.
Surkh-rdd, The, 406 fi 8.
Surjasar, 861.
Sdtfk, 271.
Sutlej, The, 121 n 2, 278, 810, 811, 818,
826 n 2, 826 and n 2, 830 ft 2.
8uy<irghdl, 46 n 2.
Suydti's Hist, of the CaUphs, 418 ft 1.
Sw4t, 81 1 n 3, 847, 891 and n 7. (Baikir
of, 891), 892.
Sykes, Col., 882 ft 1.
Sylhet, Sark&r of, 124, 126 n, 189.
Syria, 26 tt 8, 69 ft.
Syrian year, 25.
Syro-Macedonian era, 24.
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:v^^.
465
lABABI,at, 82m6.
Tabari, Mn^ammad Qlsib, 11.
Tabaristin, 82 n 6> 85 n 10.
Taba^fc-i-Akbari, 188 n 1, 219 n 1.
Tiba^i-N£firi, 86 and n 10, 801 fi 1.
Tahni, 6, 406.
Tabriz!, at, 8.
Tahdhib n'l Aemi, 27 n 8 and 4.
T^Uasdn, 11.
TaUaalmi Tables, 11.
Tij Kh£n, 140.
Tajirib n'l Umam, 88 m 8.
TIjikB, The, 898-9 n 6.
T4jp6r, Sarkir of, 185.
Tija'ddin Bldos, 414.
Tijii*ddin Iriki, 85 n 11.
T4j ol Maisir, 85 n 9.
7(il(/iir, 2.
Takkt-i-Snlaimib, 855 n 2, 856 n 8, 884
nl.
TaUji, 247.
Till, The, 222, 228.
T&Iikin, 400 and n 1.
Tameriane, See Timiir.
Tamgha impoats, 410 and n 1.
7*«fii^^^ at, 57 and n 6, 867 and n 8.
Tamim Anf^ 841.
Tamfm b. Zaid a) Vtbi, 845 n 1.
Tamimi tribe, The, 845 n 1.
Tandb, 58, 61 and n 2, 62, 414 n 2.
T^4ah, Sarkir of, 129 and #> 6, 840 n 8.
Tangi, 411 n 1.
Taogtalah, 847 n 8, 848.
Tanjir, Mji, 888.
T£nk oaate, 268-4 n 4.
Tibaen, 181 n 1.
Toii^a CfcudcimaMi, The, 818 n 2.
Tapfci, The, 222 n 5, 228, 224 n 2, 228,
289,248.
Ta^ppahj 110 n 8.
Tiragion, 866 n 1.
T&rdpiir, 248.
T^ffaapnr, 864 n 8.
TorA^ (date), 1 and n 2, 2.
T&rikhi Baiha^, 84 n 8.
Tarikhi Firoz Shilh, 85 n 1 1, 886 n 1.
Tdrikhi GozidiUi, 86 n 1.
Tirikhi Ehori^n, 86> 8.
T4rikhi Khoarawi, 85.
T^Lrikhi Mfflimi, 841-2 n 1.
T4rikhi Tamini, 84 n 7.
T&rfkh a*l Fnrs, 88 n 2.
Tarkh4n famUy, 846 n 8.
Tarsns, 7 n 15.
Tartan, The, 402 n 1.
Tartary, 118 n 2.
TVuMt;', 58 and n 2, 59.
TilUur Khan, 264, 889 and n 1.
Tatou, 118 n 8.
Tattah, 825, 826 n 2, 827, 886, 887 and
n 1, 888, 889, 840 n 1, 846. Sarkir of,
886,889.
Tattah, Prinoes of, 841.
Tavemier, 898-4 n 4.
Tavi, The, 820 » 11.
Tazila, 296 » 1, 824 n 2.
Teliagarhi, 116 n 1.
Teling4nah, 228, 280. Sark4r of , 237.
Tel Knlznm, 121 n 8.
Tempest, Superstition of the, 848 n 1.
TendaSt 65 ft 8.
Tewiri, 251.
Th£bit.b.?:nrrah b. HIrun, 6, 7.
Thibit-b-Mdsa, 7.
. Thibit-b-Ahtisa, 7.
Tha^, tribe of, 845 n 1, 412.
Th&lner, 224, 226.
Thina (Tanna), 248 n 8.
Than^sar, 281.
Theodosins, 5 n.
Theon of Alexandria, 6 n 6, 23 and n 1.
Theseus, 58fi 1.
Thibetian highlands, 865 n 8.
Thid, 861.
Thnmi Sambhota, 851 n 2,
Tibet, 118, 804, 850 n 8, 851 ft 2, 855,
864, 888, 886, 887, 888, 890.
Tibetans, The, 172 n 2, 851 n 2.
Tieffenthaler, 89 n 8, 4 and 5, 90 n 1 and
4, 98 f» 1, 94 n 1 and 2, 96 n 1, 104fi 1,
105 n 2 and 4, 110 n 5, 180 n, 150 ft 1,
162 fi 2, 167 n 10, 169 h 1, 169 n 8, 172
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456
n 1 and 4, 181 n 8, 189 n 2, 210 n 4,
214 n 1, 228 n 2, 226 fi 6 and 9, 231 n
8, 242 n 14, 273 w 7, 297 » 1, 300 n 1,
814 n 1, 828 n 4, 826 n 1 and 2, 886n 2,
841 n 1, 866 ir 1, 860 n 1, 871 n 6, 887
n 2, 898 ft 6, 408, n 8 and 4, 4l4n 2.
Tigrifl, The, 82 n 8.
Tih&mah, 66.
Tij&rah, Sarkar of, 96, 192.
niah Bdlndth, 816 and n 1.
Timbel, 246, 260.
Timdr, 6 n 1, 118 n 2, 148 n 1, 169, 218 n
2, 219 » 2, 220 n 6, 804 n 2, 807, 806,
847 n 2, 887, 388 n 1, 890 and n 4,
897 fi 4, 400 n 1, 414.
Timtir Kh&n, 804 » 8.
Tipperah mountains, 1 24 n 4.
Tipperah tribes, 117, 120.
Tippers^n, 217.
Tirhat, 162.
Tirhnt, Sark&r of, 166.
Tithis, The, 17.
Tod, 2J7 n 2, 270 n 2, 271 n 7, 287 » 2,
297 n 1, 381 n 1.
Todah BhCm, 181.
Todar Mall, Bajah, 88.
Toghlak, House of, 218 n 2.
Tolah, The Kashmirlan, 854.
To^war tribe, 800.
Towers of Silence, 243 n 2.
Trahgam, 366.
Transoxiana, 6 it 1, 33 « 4, 179, 220 n 4,
808 n 2.
Treasurer, The, 49.
Tribute, 67.
Tri-Kalinga, 228 n 2.
Trimiib, The, 826 n 2.
Trimbak, 228.
Triibner, 882 n 1.
Tsont i kul canal. The, 866 n 1.
Tuf&l, 238 n 4.
Tughla^b&d, 279 and ft 2.
Tughlal^, Sultin, 148.
TughlallF Sh4h, I, i879, 280 806.
f o^hla^ Shih II, 307.
Tug6w, 406 ft 6, 407 fi 1.
Tul, a route, 899, 400.
Tulip, The, 849 f» 1, 409 n 1.
TulmfiU, 864.
Tulsi, 118 n 1.
Tumdn, 404.
T6m&n of Diman i kob. 406.
Tdm&n of NT^knihlil, 406.
Najriio, 406.
TAman, yalue of a, 398 and n 4.
T6mf!in, 196.
Tdnk^dsha, 246.
Turangiai, 411 n 1.
Turan, 13, 66, 66, 68, 116, 278, 800, 385,
899.
Turja Bhaw&ni relics, 818.
Turkiin Shah, 303.
Turkey, 210, 241.
Turkistan, 6 it 1, 804, 312, 848, 852, 888,
890, 891 ft 2, 892, 404.
Turkish Bmpire, The, 66.
Turks, The, 846 n 3.
T^4.
Tusi, 84.
Tustar, 418.
TitM, The, a tree, 861 n 8.
Tyoho Brahe, 6 n 1, 8.
u.
'CH, 804, 826 and n 2, 880 a 2, 339.
Udaipdr, 182, 268 n 8 and 6, 273.
Udn^r, Sarkar of, 129.
Udy6na,391n7.
Ugnand , 881 and ft 8.
UhutMh, a book on Theology, 362 a 1.
Ujjain, 16 n, 112, 196 and ft 1, 216, n 2,
261 n 4.
Ujjain, Sarkir of, 112, 198.
Ulugb Beg, 6 and ft 1, 9, 12, 220 n 4, 804
n2.
Ulugh Efa^, 266 n 8, 804.
Ulughf meaning of, 804 n 8.
Uma, 818 n 2.
Umarkdt, 839.
Umayyah b. Abdu'l Malik, 412.
Umayyah, House of, 86 n 2, 341, 414.
Vmdat-ul-Blkhdniya, 11.
Umrzai, 411 n 1.
ITnah, 247.
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[Jrchiii, 404 n 5.
Uigh^ 898-9 n 6, 401 n 2.
Uri, 847-8 n 8.
UrdB of Abd J^far Bdshtoji, 11.
Vrwat n'bnu's Zabair, 32 n I.
Usefol Tables, The, 1 n 1, 15 ff 1 and 8,
16 It, 17 n 1 and 2, 18 n 1, 19 n 8, 21
n 1, 22 II 1, 28 n, 24 II, 26 n 8 and 6,
28 M 4, 29 n 2, 81 If 8, 60 «, 62 n 1,
116 » 2, 145 n 1, 146 n, 147 nn 2. 8
and 4, 169 n 8, 210 n 1, 227 n 2, 288 n
4, 259 n 2, 262 1^ 871 n 7, 299 n 4,
334 n 5, 841 A 1, 871 n 6, 377 n I,
384-5 nl.
D'lh, 808 n 2.
Usm&nsai, 411 n 1.
JJshr, 57 and n 2.
llikri lands, 56, 57 and n 8.
Vfcbi, al 84 n 7.
V ARAHA Mihira, 281 n 4.
Varanasi (Benares) 151 n 8.
Yiraniyatra, 282.
Varsy, Mr., 49 n 2.
y^aradatta, 216n8.
Yasishtha, 280 n 2.
VasDS, The, 280 n 1.
Vej Biira, 866.
Vcr, 311,861.
Yerni^ (spring), 356 n 2, 861.
Yeshan, 862.
Yichitravirya, 282.
Yidora, 882 % 1.
Yigne, 862 n 2, 8 and 4, 868 n 1 and 2,
864n 1, 866 II 1 and 2, 868 n 1.
Yigne'8 Kashmir, 847 n 8, 855 n 4, 856 n
2 an^ 8, 858 n 2, 8 n 4, 859 n 1 and
2. 8^» 2, 861 II 4.
r^ra;'404.5 » 6.
Vihl, 857.
Yijipara, 856 n 8.
Tikramiditja, 15 n 2>nd 3, 210 n 4, 215
nl.
Yindhyan plateau, The, 157 n 8.
Yipasa, The, 310.
Yira N^, 811 n 1.
Yir&ta, 284.
Yishnn, 150 n 4, 281 and n 5, 818 n 2,
854.
TUhnn Pmrina, 880 n 1, 882 n 1.
Yishnn Sarm6, 16 n 1.
Yiswamiir, 280 n 2.
Yivaswat, 881 n 2.
Volney, 60 n.
w.
APAYAT t?L AAYAN, 84 n 6.
Wiifi, al, 9.
W4gh4Iah, 244 n 16.
Wahb-b-Mnnabbih, 82 n 2.
Wiilah, 281.
VYiji, 244, 249.
Wajih-Ql.Mnlk Tinkr 868 n 4, 264, 266
m8.
Wajiz-i-Mn^tabar, 11.
W&^l&t-i-JahiingiH, 857 n 1 and 2.
W&ipdi, Al, 32 N 8.
W6Uk, 244.
W4148, The, 247 n 5.
Wales, 223 n 4.
TTeflt, 119.
Walid b. Abda'l Malik, 844 and n 2,
Waliyin, 400.
Wantipur, 856 ii 8.
Warangal, 230 n 1.
Wardi, The, 228.
W4sit, 10.
Wa»(fah, 57 and n 8.
Wazip, The, 86 h 8.
Wazir Ghiydth n'ddin, 36 n 1.
Wadri Afgh&n tribe, 893.
Weight-measores of Kashmir, 866 and
n4.
West, The, 18.
Wey, The, 196 n 1.
Whitby, 407 nl.
Wilford, 115-6 n 4, 116 « 1, 120 n 5, 210
nn 1, 2 and 4, 211 n 1, 215 n 2, 216 n
1 and 2, 217 n 1, 25^ n 2, 297 n 1^ 300
n 1, 3912 n 7.
Wilkins, 146 n.
Wiahi^ii Dumyatil Ka?r, 34 n 8.
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Wilson, H. H., 270 n 2, 880 n 1, 866 n 3,
868 n 1, 877 n 1, 880 n 1, 888 n 1.
Wilson's glossary, 49 » 8 and 8, 50 n 1,
66 n 6, 67 n 8 and 5, 68 #» 1, 61 n 8, 66
9» 1, 89 n 1, 110 n 8, 114 n 1, 180 n 8,
188 n 6, 866 n 8, 867 » 4.
Windsor Forest, Pope's, 196 n 1.
Wood, Lient., 400 n 1.
Wvj4hdt, 68.
Wnlar, 868, 864.
W6n, 229 n 6.
X ADU, 260 n I.
Yidn race, 246 and n 6, 260 and n 1, 280
n 1,286.
Yadnvati, 260 n 1.
Tfififi, al, 84 n 6.
Ta^ya-b-Man^dr, 7.
Ya^ub b T&^s, 9.
Tdk bull, The, 860 n 8.
Yi^t, 11, 88 » 4, 84 n 8, 86 n 10, 116
n 8, 116-6 n 4, 121 n 8 and 4.
Yaman, 27, h 1 and 8, 82 n 2, 66, 69 n,
Yamin n'd Danlah, 84 n 7.
Yangi Yiili Pass, 400 and n 1.
Yarkand, 848 n 1.
Yazd, 11.
Yazdajird, 210 n 4.
Yazdajird, Era of, 28.
Yazdi, Ab(i Razi, 11.
Yazid b. Abdn'l Malik, 346 9i 1.
Year, Jewish, 21.
Year, Lunar, 14.
Years, four kinds of Hindu, 16.
Years, Last ten, of Mn^Lammad, 27 and n 2
Years, Turkish, 21.
Tedeh, The, or rain-stone, 348 n 1.
Yudhishthira, 246 n 6, 282, 288, 284, 286,
288 11 1, 297 n 1.
Yngs, The, 16 and n 1.
Yale, 118 n 2, 118-9 n 3.
Ydnas Khin, 220 n 6.
Ydsuf-b-Ali Thatta, 9.
Ydsufi, al, 9.
Tiisufiydh gas, 60.
Ydsufzai olan, 892, 402.
Yujutsa, 284.
Fifts, The term, 289 n 7.
z.
iABTIf The term, 168 »!•
Zttxil, 116 n 8.
Z&bul (Ghainln), 408.
Z&bulist^ 116 and n 8, 847, 891, 408.
^ar Khib, 218, 268 n 4^ 264^ 807 n 1 .
Z&hidi, as, 11.
Zain Lanka, 864.
Zainu'l A&bidin, 860, 868 m 2, »S4, 366 n
4, 877 n 1, 887, 888 and n 1.
Zakdt, 67 and n 4.
Zamln D&war, 894 n 4.
^azafptir, 826.
Zend, The, 248.
Zenu Kadal, 866 n 4.
Zewan, 858.
Ziiu'ddin Bami, 86 n 11, 806.
z<i, 6.
Za;,6.
Z%rda.i']ka9aha, 60.
Ziy£d,60.
Zvydd4ydh gaz, 60.
Zobeide, 887 n 1.
Zohilk,*FortreB8 of, 409. |
Zoh£k and Bimi&n, Tdmin of, 409. *
Zoroaster, 6 m, 28 n 6, 248.
Zubdat u't Taw£r(kh, 86 and fi 18, 36
n4.
Zukru, ^56 n 8, 862 n 6.
Ziirmat, T6m4n of , 407 n 4. .*
i
4*
\
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r
BIBLIOTHEGA INDICA:
A
POLLECTION OP DrIENTAL WorKS
P0BLI8HBD BT THI
ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL.
Nbw Sibibb, No. 1176.
▲ 8UPPLKKENTABT INDEX OF THE PLACE NAMES ON
PAGES 89 TO 4U
OF THB
^AIN-I-AKBAEl,
Vol. II.
(Tearslatbd BT CoLOMBL H. 8. JARBETT.)
COMPILED
BY
WILLIAM IRVINE,
(Late of the Bengal Civil Service)
AND
LAVINIA MARY ANSTEY.
CALCUTTA :
PBINTBD AT THK BAPTIST MISSION PRI8S,
AND PUBLISHED BT THR
ASIATIC SOCIBTT, 67» PABK 8TKBIT.
1907. \i
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NOTE.
This Index will be found of some value, it ih believed, U) those who
do not share Colonel Jarrett's opinions as to its uRelessnenH expresfled
in his Preface, p. x, and on pa^e 129, note 6.
W. IRVINE.
December 6th, 1904.
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INDEX.
Aanjanab, Me Baror A.
Abadin, 9ee Ana wan.
Abdili (tribe) s. ^ndahar, S. Kibn
397.
ifbdarah (pass) S. Kabul, 400.
Abetbi (var, Ametbi), s. Lakhnan,
S. Audh, 93, 177.
AbhJpur, B. Bari Dnib, S. Labor, 318.
Abhipur, s. Mongblr, S. Babar, 164.
'AbidUbiid (Bachnau Duab), s. Dipal-
pur, S. Multan, 333.
AbUbattah (va/r, Amlattab, AmUtab),
B. Bijagarb, S. Malwab, 204.
Abfcbiira, s. Ghorigbat, S. Bengal, 135.
Ab6 (biU), 8. Gujarat, 217 © 2, 246
O S, 251.
AbAgp^rh (bill-fort), S. Gujarat, 251,
271.
Abugafb, 8. Sirobi, S. Ajmer, 276.
Ach^rikbanab, s. Lakbnauti, S. Ben-
gal. 131.
Aobb Dal, s. Kashmir, 358.
AobU, 8. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
itdamwaban (vo/r. D4man), s. B^t
Jilandbar DSib, S. Multan, 328.
Adand see Und.
itdgaon, 8. Nam^lab, S. Barar, 234.
itdh (wr. it^hab) a. Dibli, S. Dihli,
104,285.
Adham, Bee Osam.
Adhela, see Antelab.
Adhwi, 8. Gbor^ghit, S. Bengal, 135.
'Adilibad, s. D^adeB, S. Kbandes,
225.
'Adilab^d (town), S. Kbindes, 223.
'AdUpur, 8. Bogla, S. Bengal, 134.
Adfnahpur (town) s. Kabul, 405, 405
H 1 and 2, and 3.
Adjepal, see Ajiyalgb^ti.
Adniya, r. Ma(^mdd4b4d, S. Bengal,
132.
Adon, see Audan.
Adown, see Audan.
it^win, 8. Kashmir, S. Kibul, 36P.
A^win, see Maru A.
Afghinpur, s. Sambhal, S. Dibli, 105.
Airid, s. Banaras, S. Allahabad, 162.
Agra(da8ttir), s. Agra, S. Agra, 96, 182.
Agra (Haveli), e. Agra, S, Agra, 96,
182.
Agra (sarkir), S. Agra, 96, 160, 182.
Agra (Stibab), 70, 96, 99, 115, 120,
157, 160, 179, 267, 278, 309 u 3.
Agra (town), S. Agra, 96, 179, 180,
180 0 3. 182. 221, 239 u 7, 278, 809.
Agrab, s. S^rangpur, S. M^lwah, 203,
Agrohab (var, Agrowah), s. Hi^r
Firdzah, S. Dihli, 105, 293.
Agrowaby see (Agrobah).
Aguasi (va/r. UguAsi, Ugasi), s. Kilin-
jar, S. Allahibid. 90, 166.
A^ak (va/r. Akeb), s. Ohanderi, S.
Malwab, 201.
Abir, s. Kol, S. Jfgra, 97, 186.
ithaspur, s. Tirhut, S. Bahar, 156.
Aherwdrah, s. Chunirh (Ghanidab),
S. Allah^bid, 90, 165.
Ahlwar, s. Tirbiit, S. Bahir, 156.
A^mad, see Ta'alluk A. Khan.
A^maddbdd, s. A^mad^bad, S. Gdja-
Tit, 242, 252.
A^madabid, s. Ghorighit, S. Bengal,
135.
A^mad^bdd (Hayeli), s. A^maddbad,
S. Gujarat, 252.
A^madibad (sarkar), S. Gdjarit, 244,
252. %
Atmad^bad (Sdbab), n5, 38 e 244,
242. ^
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Google
Atmadibad (town), S. Gdjarat, 226,
239 0 3, 240, 240 o 3, 241, 245 o 6,
249, 261, 264.
Atimad Zh^ «^ Ta'lnk A. K., s.
Gorighit, S. Bengal. 136.
A^madnagar, s. A^mad^bad, S. Gii-
jarat, 252, 261.
A^madnagar (SQbah), 115.
AJtimadnagar (territory), 222, 228,
238, 238, u 4.
Atmadpur, (port), 8. Gtijarat, 246.
Ahor, 8. Kotri Pariyah, s. Malwah,
209.
Ahroni, s. Hifar Pirdzah, s. Dihli
105, 293.
Ahsan, $ee Ajas.
Aichhi (var, Eichhi, Inchi.) [Elliot,
Enchhi], 8. Earrah, s. Allahabad,
90, 167.
Alk (river) 8. Labor. 821.
Aisb fva/r, Ajsb, Aish Mak&m), s.
Easbmir, 359.
Aisb Makam, $ee Aisb.
Aja(gafb, s. Kalinjar, 9. Allabibad,
90, 166.
Aj^n, 8. Bad^n, S. Dibli, 104, 288.
Aja8 (tTor. Absan) (village) s.
Kasbmir, 364.
Ajigarb, 8. Kotri Par4yab, S. Mai-
wab, 209.
Ajiy^lgbati (var. -^jep^l), s. Udner,
8. Bengal, 130.*
Ajiyil, see ^nsain A.*
Ajiyil, see Mubarik A.*
Ajiyal, see Na^rat A.*
Ajiy^l, see Sbab A.*
Ajiyal. see Sbab A. Bizti.*
Ajiyal. see Soltari A.*
Ajiyil, see Sulfanptir A.*
Ajiyal, see Tiri A.*
Ajiyal, see Zafar A.*
Ajiyilpur. 8. Ma^tidabad. S.Bengal,
132.* [272.
Ajmer, 8. Ajmer. S. Ajmer. 102, 270,
I
Ajmer (Dasttir) s. Ajmer, S. Ajmer,
102.
Ajmer (sarkSr) S. Ajmer, 102, 267,
270, 272.
Ajmer (town) 217 o 2. 271.
Ajmer (Stibab), 102. 115. 195, 226 u
1. 289, 267, 275, o 1. 278, 310, 326.
Ajodbya (town), {var. Awadb), 8.
Andb, 171, 0, 2 305,309,08.
Ajor, 8. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Ajdn, see Babadur A.
AJ^bain (bill), S. Eabnl, 403, o ^f
404.
Akbar^bid (Dasttir), s. Eol, 8. Agra,
97.
Akbaribad, s. Jalandbar, 8. Labor,
110, 317.
Akbarabad, 8. Eol, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
Akbarab^ 8. Sambbal, 8. Dibli, 105,
290.
Akbarabad Barkberi, see Akbari-
b£d,T.
Akbaribad Tarkberi {var, A. Bar-
kberi, A. Tark Pari), 8. Sind Sigar,
8. Libor, 328.
Akbarabad Tark Pari, see A. Tar-
kberi.
Akbarpnr, 8. CbampAran, 8. Babar,
155.
Akbarpnr, 8. Gigron, 8. Malwab,209.
Akbarpnr, 8. Lakbnanti, 8. Bengal,
181.
Akbarpnr, 8. Sarangpnr, 8. Mal-
wab, 203.
Akbarpnr, 8. Sitgaon, 8. Bengal, 141.
Akbarpnr, 8. Hijipur, 8. Babar, 155.
Akbarsbabf, {alias Sandal), b. Sbarff-
abad, 8. Bengal, 189.
Akeb see A^k.
Ake8ine8, (river) see Cbenab.
Akband see Gobindpur A.
Akbandor Amb^ran, s. Jecb Dn4b,
8. Labor, 822.
Akbar, see 'AUpnr
• J. ^^eamea says the word in properly Ujeydl, men ning " high land."
Digitized by
Google
Akhasa Begio, {var, Kasia), 118 n 2,
891,0 2.
A-khassa (country), 118 o ^*
Akiesar, s. Bahrocb, S. Gujarat, 255.
iJOcma^l, 8. Udner, S. Bengal, 129.
Akri, 8. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal, 131.
in, 8. Katak, S. Orissa, 143.
'Alampur, see Lakhi A.
]iflampur, see Shih A.
Alampur, s. Sulaiman^bad, 8. Ben-
gal, 140.
'AUpur(a2ta8 Akhar), s. Gw^liy^r, S.
Agra, 187.
*Alapur, 8. Tirhut, S. Bahar, 157.
Alap Shabi, 8. Bazoh^ S. Bengal,
187.
Al Gbhap, see Al Jibat.
Aldemao (var, Aldimau), 8. Jaunpur,
S. Allababad, 89, 163.
Alexandria Eschata or Kbojend
(town), 119 0 I.
Alexandria Opiana see Opian, and
Hespian.
iflgaon, 8. Gboragbat, S. Bengal, 185.
iOhanpur, s. Bantbambbor, S. Ajmer,
102,274.
'Albat, 8. Gboragbat, S. Bengal, 185.
Ali, see Kof K^im A.
'Albipur, see A. Malot.
'Ali Moban (town) S. Gujarat, 251,
251 ol.
Alingar, s. Kabul, S. Kabul, 411.
Alingar (river) S. Kabul, 405, o If
406.
'Alipur (Patf), s. Kanauj, S. Agra,
96, 185.
'Alisbang, s, Kabul, S. Kabul, 406,
411.
'Alisbang (river), S. Kabul, 406.
Al Jat, see Al Jibat.
M Jibit (var A. Cbbap, A. Jat), &•
Sonargaon, S. Bengal, 138.
Allabibad (Haveli) (var, Ilababas), s.
Allababad, S. Allababid, 89, 161.
Allabibid, (8arkar), S. Allababad, 89,
160, 161.
Allababad, or Ilahabad, and Ilababas,
(Siibab), 89, 90, 115. 120, 149, 15?,
160, 170.
AUabibid (town) (var. Illahibid,
nUbabis or Priyag), S. Allahabad,
158, 158, u 8, 167 o 2, 170 o 6.
Alor (var, Aror), s. Bbakkar, S.
Multan, 327 0 8, 334, 387, 337 o 1,
389 o 1, 848, 348 A 1.
*Alrab, e. Robtas, S. Babar, 157.
Aleai (var, Alsi, Alabsii), s. Kabul,
S. Kabul, 407, 407 o 1» ^H.
Alwand (mountain), 161, 161, a 6.
Alwar (dastiir). S. Agra, 96.
Alwar (8ark4r), S- Agra, 96, 191.
Alwar (viMT. Ulwar), s. Alwar, S.
Agra, 96, 181, 191.
Amarcantak (village) 150, o 1.
Amar Kber, s. Mibor, 8. Barar, 28c.
Amarkot (fort), s. Ajmer, 271.
Amamatb (cave), 8. Ka8bmlr., 859 a
2, 860.
Amar 8amain, 8. Nigor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Amarti, see Dimarni.
Ambabtab, (var, Ambetb, Ambibtab),
8. 8abiranpur, 8. Dibli, 105, 291.
Ambilab, s. B^ri Duab, 8. Ubor,
818.
Ambilab, (var. Anb&lab) s. 8irbind,
8. Dibli, 105, 295.
Ambaran see Aknandor A.
Ambari, 8. Pinjarab, 8. Bengal, 186.
Amber, (var. Anber) 8. Amber, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 267, 272. [102.
Amber (Da8ttir), 8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer,
Amber (8arkar), 8. Ajmer, 102, 272.
Ambetb, see Ambabtab.
Ambbati (var. Gaf b Ametbi) (Killab)
8. Lakbnau, 8. Audb, 98, 178.
Ambibtab, see Ambabtab.
Amdab, s. Ma^tidabad, 8. Bengal,
182.
Amemi, see Damarni.
Amerti, see Damarnk
Ametbi, see Abetbi. ^
I Amjbarab, s. MandOylSAlalwab* 112,
I 206.
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Google
Amkkorah {var. Ankhorah, Angho-
rah), 8. Banthambhor, S. Ajmer,
102, 274.
Aml^tah, Amlattah, see Ablahattah.
Amner, s. Narn^lab, S. Barar, 284.
Amner, eee Atn^r.
Ampol, eee Anbel.
Amodgafh, s. Eananj, S. Malwah,
199.
Amondab, s. Hin^iab, S. Malwab,
207.
Amraki Bbata {var. A. Bbatti)^ s.
Labor, S, Libor (Bacbnau Duab)
110, 319.
Amran, s. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Amr^ti (stream), s. Kasbmir, 360.
Amrel, s Kanauj, S. Malwab, 200.
Amreli, s. Sora^h, S. Gujarat, 268.
Amritd, s. Babar, S. Babar, 153.
Amrobab, s. Sambbal, S. Dibli, 106,
289.
Amrol, s. Birbakabad, S. Bengal,
137.
Amrol, 8. Jbilwirah, 6. Gdjarit, 242.
Amroli, s. Nidot, S. Gujarat, 264.
Amwari, 8. Bayanw^n, S. itgra, 188.
Anaun Saniwar, see Awan S.
Anawal, 8. Surat, S. Gujarit, 266.
Anawan' {var, Abadan, AtiwAn), s.
Bati^lab, S. Barir, 237.
AnbaU Kacbbi, em# Gboragbat, S.
Bengal, 136.
Anbilab eee Ambalab.
AnbaM, s. Babir, S. Babir, 163.
AnbaMy 8. Mongbir, S. Babar, 164.
Anbel, (var. Ampol) s. Pinjara, S.
Bengal, 186,
Anber, eee Amber.
Anboan, eee Atiwan.
Anbodba, s. Audb, S. Audb, 93, 173.
Ancbha, 8. Bab4r, S. Babar, 163.
Ancbbarab, s. BAri Duib, S. Labor
318.
Andalgion, s. Gborigbat, S. Bengal
136. /
Andarbal, s. gai^tas, S. Labor (Jeob
Du^b) 110, 322.
Andarkbani, eee Ma8Jid A.
Andejin (country), 404, a 6.
Anderib, s. Z4bul, 399, 400, 400, o L
An^bar, s. Gboragbit, S. Bengal,
136.
Andorab, s. Bari Duab, S. Labor, 3ia
Andwarab, s. Jilandbar, S. Libor,
110.
Angali (var. Ungli in Elliot), s.
Jaunpur, S. AllabAbad, 89, 163.
Anghorab, see Amkborab.
i^ngolab, 8. Namalah, 8. Barar, 234.
Angd, 8. Mongbir, S. Bab4r, 164.
Anhal, e. Ujjain, S. Milwab, 112,198.
Anbatti, 8. Madiran, S, Bengal, 141.
Anbauli, eee Anbola.
Anhilpur, (city), S. G6jarAt, 262.
Anbilw^a, Pattan (town), S. Gijarat,
239 u 6, 244n 16, 247 o 4 269 u 2,
261 B 4, 262, 306 ft 2.
Anbola (v<»r. Anbaula), s. Gorakbpur,
S. Audb, 93, 176.
Anbon, 8. Gwttiyar, S. Agra, 187.
Anbona (vc^r, Anhonab), s. Audb, S.
Audb, 93, 174.
Anjangaon, 8, Gawil, S. Barar, 232.
Anjari, 8. Bi jagafb, S. Malwab, 204.
Anji, 8. Gawil, S. Barar, 282.
Anjnab, eee Baror A.
Ankbarab, eee Afbkerab.
Ankborab, tee Amkborab.
Ankot, 8. Nam41ab, S. Barar, 234.
Anliyi, 8. Sulaimanibad, S. Bengal,
140.
Anmaler, $ee Anmalner.
Anmalneri, (var. Anmaler, Anmalra),
s. Dindea, S. Kbandes, 226.
Anmalra, see Anmalner.
Anolab, see Aoylah.
Anotampur, s. Ma^iidtfbad, S.
Bengal, 182.
Ansingab, s. Mabor, 8. Barar. 236.
Antardab, see Antrorab.
Antbulab H4bru, s. Alwar, 8. Agra,
96, 191.
Antrl, 8. Babar, 8. Bab4r, 163.
Antri, s, Bayanwan, 8. ^gra, 188.
Digitized by
Google
Antrorah (var, Antardah), b. Ean-
thambhor, S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Apwalah, see Ao|;ilah.
Anwarbin, s. Qhoraghat, S. Bengal,
185.
Anwar Malik, s. Ghorighit, 8. Ben-
gal 135.
Anwarpor, s. Sitgaon, S. Bengal,
140.
Ao^lah, {wir. Anolah, A^walah), s.
Badaon, S. Dibli, 104, 288.
Apelava, [Palwal] (town) S. Dihli,
278,o2,286ol- (^S^ea Palot).
Aparmal (var. Aparpil), s. Chitor,
S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Aparpal, see Aparmal.
Apletah, s. Sorafh, S. Gujarit, 268.
'Arab eee Bal 'A.
Arabia Felix, 110, u 1.
Arabian Sea, 248 ft 8.
Ariine {var. Arain), s. Ajmer, S.
Ajmer, 102, 272.
Arakan (var. Argyra), (tract) 119,
119o8, 120, 120ol,
ArakhoBia, (country) 120 u ^*
Aramrie, s. Bi^h^lah, 8. Gdjarat,
244.
itrimrie (port) vc^r. Bamra), 8. Guja-
rat, 244, 248.
Arand (river) 157, 157 a 10.
Arandwel, s. Dandes, S. Khandes,
225.
Ararat, Mount, 405 b 2*
Aravalli hiUs. 8. Ajmer, 268, 268 a 2.
Arbheja {var. Artehji), s. Sorath, 8.
Gdjarat, 258.
Ardh4pdr b. Pathri, 8. Barar, 236.
Arghandab (river), a. Kandahar,
394 a 2-
Argyra [Arakan], (country), 120 a 1-
Arharmitar, s. Af^nadibad, 8. Gdja-
rat, 252.
Arifan see Ashikan A.
Armenia (country,) 415 o 2*
Aron, (vof. Azdar), s. Ohanderi, 8.
Malwah,20L
Aron. 8. Gawil, 8. Barar, 232.
Aror (town) see Alor.
Arpat (stream), s. Kashmir, 355 b 1*
Arpur, 8. Chakarhalah, 8. Tattah
(Multin), 841.
'Arsa Tawili {var. Arsad Tawili).
B. 8itgaon, 8. Bengal, 141.
Artehja, see Arbheji.
Arto4, B. Ohitor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Arwal see 8ankha A.
Arwal, 8. Bahar, 8. Bahir, 158.
Arwal, 8. Manikpur, 8. Allahabad,
90, 164.
Arwarah, b. Champaner, 8. Gdjarit,
256.
i^kah, B. Katak, 8. Orissa, 148.
ABapuri, s. B4isln, 8. M41wah, 112,
199.
Ash, see Aish.
Asham, see Assam.
ABhikin Arifin (hill) 8. Kabul, 408
0 5.
Ashrafnihal (var. Ashraf thai, Ashraf-
bhal), 8. Udner, 8. Bengal, 180.
ABhtaghar, see Hashtnagar.
i^shtah, Htii, 8. Kherlah, 8. Barar,
238
Ashtah, 8. 84rangpur, 8. Malwah, 203
i^shti, 8. Gawil, 8. Barar, 282.
Mbi (river), var. Nala 158, 158 o 3.
iCsir, 8. KhindeB, 8. Khindes, 222,
225. 0
Asir (fort) 8. KhandcB, 223, 225,
226. [178.
Aslydn, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93,
Asoha, 8. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 98, 178.
Asonja, s. Pdmiyah, 8. Bengal, 134.
Asop, 8. Jodhpdr, 8. Ajmer, 102, 276.
iJCsop, 8. Kotri Parayah, 8. M41wah,
209.
Assam (country) {var. Asham), 117 o
3, 118.
Assy, see Kiranja BibL
Atad4> see Etad4.
'Atai see 8herpur 'At4i.
A^ Baniras {va^. ^ttock), s. 8ind
8agar, & L4hor, 119^, 311, 811 o
8, 323, 825, 390, 891, 898.:i
Digitized by
Google
Atawan, aee Anaw^n.
Ath^ls (var. Athims), s. Tirhdt, S.
Bahir, 156.
Athans, aee Athiis.
Atharban, s. Earrih, S. Allahabad*
90,167.
Afhgafh, 8. Katak, S, Orissai 148.
A^hkerah (var, Ankharah), s. Hiyir
Firdzah, S. Dihli, 106, 294.
Atiwan, (vor. Jaitwan, Anboan,
Jytewan, Intva), s. Bayi^wan,
S. Agra, 188.
Atlawarah, s. Godhra, S. Giijar4t,
257.
Atlesar, s. Bahroch, S. Gdjarat, 255.
Atner (var. Amner), s. Eherlah, S.
Barir, 238.
Aton {var. IC^6n), a. Banthambhor,
S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Atral, 9ee Atran.
Atran {var, AtrdI), s. Khandes, S.
Khandes, 225, 225 n 2. [175.
Atraal4 s. Grorakhpur, S. Aadh, 93,
Atraoli, s. Eol, S. Agra, 97, 186,
Atreji, eee Sikandarpnr A.
Af^asa, 313 g 2, No. 47.
Attock, or Attok, see Afak Banaras.
ittdn, see Aton.
Aubel, see Anbel.
Aabhi, s. Tirhtit, S. Bahir, 156.
itadan {var, Adon,^down), a. Kama-
on, 8. Dihli, 289.
Audh (Daatur) 93.
Aadh (Haveli), a. Audh, S. Aadh,
93, 173.
Aadh, a. Audh, 8. Aadh, 93, 173.
Aadh, (aarkar), 8. Aadh, 93, 173,
•Aadh, (8tibah), 115, 149, 157, 160,
170, 278, 309 g 3.
Aadhi, a. Godhra, 8. Gtijarat, 257.
Aadhi. a. N^dot, 8. Gtijarat, 254.
Aaghara, a. Tirhiit, 8. Bahar, 156.
Augdohah, a. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal,
186. J
Aagochab, a. Ilnjara, 8. Bengal, 136.
Aajanwaa, ^^n^iandeaar, 8. Malwah,
206.
Ankhrf, {vc^r, Khokri, Ghogri), a.
i Bahir, 8. Bahir, 153.
Aanah (port), 8. Gdjarat, 259.
Aanah, a. Nighar, (old 8orath) 8.
Gtijarat, 244.
Aanah, a. 8orath, 8. Gdjarat, 258.
Aundah, a. Bdaim, 8, Barar, 235.
Aa^elah, (oar. Adhela), a. Bayanwan,
8. Agra, 188.
Avanlipdra, a. Kashmir, 8. Kabul,
356 a 3.
Avanlipara, [Wantipar] (town), a.
Kaahmir, 356 a 3-
Awadh (town), 8. Aadh, 171.
Awalgao^, a. Hin^iah, 8. Malwah,
207.
Awin, a. 8indh 8agar, 8. Labor, 823.
Awin 8anawar {var. Anaan S.), a.
Bijdgarh, 8. Malwah, 204.
Ayaad, a. Karrah, 8. Allahab^ 90,
167.
Aykndd, a. Mandeaar, 8. Malwah,
208. [289.
it'^mpdr, a. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 105,
Azarbijan, 415, b 2*
Az^ar, see Ardn.
Azdhar-koh (hill), a. Kandahar, 894.
'A^matpar, a. Ma^ddibid, S.
Bengal, 188.
B
Baar {var, Baror), a. PAthiri, 8.
Barar, 236, 236 n 8.
Bdba, see 8ahar B. HajL
Bdba, a. Bafalah, 8. Labor, 110.
Baba Bhoj a. Dipdlptir (Bari Duib)
8. Maltan, 332.
Babai {var. Beey, Fei), a. Elanaaj,
8. Malwah, 200, 200 n 4.
Babai, (var. Beey) a. Narnol, 8. Agra,
97, 194.
Bibbanbhtim, (t^or. Brahmanpar), a.
Jaldaar, 8. Oriaaa, 142.
BaberBadahah (hill), 8. Kabul, 403,
a.5.
BabhankarU, a. Ma^middabad, 8.
Bengal, 183.
Digitized by
Google
Babharinti, Me Badharimani.
Bibil, see Earyat B.
Babnohna, see Banobra.
Babra, $ee Bera.
BAbriawar (tract), S. Gujarat, 247
UL
Babn, Me Patar Shaikh B.
Babylon (pool), s. Kashmir, S. Kabul,
359.
Bachah, see Haft B.
Baohhardon s. Sambhal, S. Dihli,
105, 290.
Baohhar, see Bajh^r.
Baohherah {va/r, Bajhrah), s. Alwar,
S. Agra, 96, 191.
Bacbhert^ see Baofahritti.
Baohhn6r, s. Tirhut, S. Bahar, 166.
Bachhritti, (var, Bachhertti), s. Befh
Jalandhar Ddab, S. Labor, 316.
Baohti, see Pachhi.
Baor6iid, see Bagr6nd.
Bactria (country), 119 o 1,400 u 1.
Bactriana, 400 n 8.
Badakshan, S. Kabul, 220 a 5» 812,
352 o 1, 899.
Badal, 8. Nadot, S. Gujarit, 254.
Ba4alka, s. Tajpur, S. Bengal, 185.
Badam Ghashmah (pass), S. Kabul,
899.
Badao9, (town) s. Bddibn S. Dihli, 280,
309.
Badio^ (Haveli), s. Badioy, S. Dihli,
104, 288.
Badaop (Sarkir), S. Dihli, 104, 160,
288.
Badarwis, s. Ghand^ri, S. Malwah,
201.
Ba^giion (ffwr. Barahgdon) s. Bohtas,
S. Bahar, 157.
Ba4gd09, 8. Tajpdr, S. Bengal, 135.
Bafhadiya, s. Fat^bad, S. Bengal-
132.
Badhdnah, eee Budhanah.
Ba4haramani (var. Bam^rapni, Bu,
bheranty, Badrdhali, Babharinti),
fl. Gawil, S. Bariir, 232.
Badhar Birhar, see Ohandipur B.
Badhaul, see Ba4h61.
Ba^h^lah, (Sarkar), S. Gujarat, 244.
Badhkh^r, eee Makat B.
Badhnawar, s. Ujjain, S. Malwah,
112, 198.
Badhneth {va/r. Bhodhek), s. Kalpi,
S. Agra, 97, 184.
Ba4h61 (va/r, Badhaul, Barhaul), s.
Chanadah (Ohunar), S. Allahabad,
90, 165.
Badhona, see Hald B.
Badhona (var. Madh6na, Budhola),
8. Gawil, S. Barar, 282.
Badhtahli, s. Lakhnauti, S. Bengal,
131.
Badhwan, s. JhaUwar, S. Gujarat,
242.
Badi Bhosadi,8. Tirhut, S. Bahar,
156.
Ba^khal, s. Bfjaga^h, S. Malwah,
205.
Badmar (tMir. Barb&Bu), s. Bizoha,
S. Bengal, 187.
Ba^nagar, s. Paffan, S. Ghijardt, 254.
Badn^r Bhnli, s. Namalah, S. Bar^r,
234
Badner Ganga, eee B. Kanka.
Badner Kanka, {var, B. Gktnga) s.
Namalah S. Barar, 284.
Badndn, s. Beanwan, S. Agra, 189.
Bad6har, see Hasyipnr B.
Badokhar, s. Tajpdr, S. Bengal, 135.
Badrihali, eee Badharimani.
Badrao {var, Bahighii), s. Kabul, 8.
Kabul, 406.
Badrha^h, s. Gh?alior, 8. Agra, 187.
Badrlya {var, Bardiyah), s. Bfjagayh,
8. Malwah, 205.
Baddbhandal, {var. Baddhind41), s.
Bechnad Ddib, 8. Lihor, 820.
Biddghar, s. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal,
137.
Baddhindil, eee Baddbhandil.
Bier (var. Matar), s. Dandes, 8.
EtUndes, 225. 4
Bigar (country), 8. Dqdi. 166 u 2.
Bigar (tract), 8. Malwa?166 o 2.
Digitized by
Google
8
Bagbanti, see B^twa.
Bag^a, 8. Tirbnt, S. Bahar, 156.
Bighi, 8. Sharifibid, S. Bengal* 189.
Bhaghbanin, 8. SewistAn, S. Mnltin,
840.
Bagbbiii, see Bigh Mara.
Bigh Fath, s. H^jkan, S. Mnltdn,
340.
Bigb M^ra (mr. Bagh Bara), ».
KhaUfatabad, S. Bengal, 184.
B^gborwi, see Bbakoi.
Biighpat, 8. Dihli, 8. Dibli, 104, 286.
Baghfa, s. Sabiranpiir, S. Dibli,
105, 291.
Bigb Bae Boobab, 8. Beobnan Ddib,
S. Labor, 319.
Bagi, 8. Tirbut, S. Babar, 156.
Bagla, see Bogla.
Baglanab, (tract), S. Gujarat, 195,
251, 271.
Big6r, 8. Gbit6r, S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Bigotia, see Bikbotiyi^
Bagrondl («cir. Bakbrond, Baor6nd),
8. Man^li^r, 8. Agra, 190.
Bagsara, s. Sora^b, 8. Gajarit,244,
258.
Bag8ra, see Bagaara.
BAgwan. 8. S4tg4on, S. Bengal, 141.
Babac6i, see Babn^i.
Bahaooi, see Bbakoi.
BabAdkali, (vor.. Bj^bauoali, Babar*
kally), 8. Gawil, S. Bartlr, 232,
Babidur Ajdn, see Bbadrajann.
Babidorpdr, 8. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
191.
Babidnrpdr, s. Biri Dd4b, 8. Labor,
818.
Babiddrpdr, s. Baroda, 8. Gujarat,
255.
BabiLdurpur, 8. Tajpdr, 8. Bengal,
185.
Babidurpdr, 8. Tirbut, 8. Bab4r,156.
Babidurpdr, 8. Udner, 8. Bengal,
180,
Babi^ur Sbibilk. Udner, 8, Bengal,
180. ^
Babagbii, see Badrao.
{ BAbal, 8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102, 273.
Babanagar, s. Tajpdr, 8. Bengal, 135.
Babanrdr, see Bbi^tr6r.
Babar, 8. Babir, 8. Bahir, 158.
Babiu*, (8arkar), 8. BabiU*, 152, 158.
Babir, (ror. Bebir), (8dbah)» 115.
116, 120, 148. 149, 160 © 1, 157, 170.
231, 809, 881.
Bahir, 8. Katak, 8. Oriaaa, 148.
Babarkallj, see Babidkali.
Baharm^l, (vcmt, Balm^r), 8. Bikan^r,
8. Ajmer, 278.
Babamagar, s. Pinjarab, 8. Bengal.
187.
Babat Kban Jawar, s. 8abiranpdr.
8. Dihli, 105,291.
Babiwal, 8. Madi Eurug, 8. Barar,
236.
Bib^l, see Earyit Bdbil.
B4bil, 8. D4nde8, 8, Ebindes, 225.
Bibilab, 8. Jodbpdr, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276.
Babkar, see Bbakar.
Babl4war, 8. Bab4r, 8. Babir, 158.
Babl61pdr, 8. Cben^b (Jecb Dd^b, 8,
Labor, 311,322.
Babnii {v€ur, Babao6i, Bbanai), s.
Ajmer. 8. Ajmer, 102, 278.
Babni, s. Bobt48. 8. Labor, 110.
Babn6r, s. Tirbut, 8. Babkr, 156.
Baboowa 8abir, see Bajwa Biyiju.
Babrab. 8. Babr4icb, 8. Audb. 98,
176.
Babrab, (w»r. Bb(ra) 8. Kibal,405,
Babrabpal, (vwr. Bb(rabp41) 8. Dfpil-
pdr, (Biri Ddib) 8. Multin, 882.
Babr4iob, (Haveli), 8. Babriicb. 8.
Audb, 98, 176.
Babriiob, (8irk&r). 8. Audb, 93, 176.
Babr4icb, (var. Bbaraiob), s. Bab-
riiiob, 8. Audb, 98, 172, 172 o, 176.
Bahrain, (country) 344.
Babrdmpdr, 8. B4rbak4b4d, 8. Ben-
gal, 137.
Babrimpdr, s. Tattab, 8. Multin,
339.
Digitized by
Google
Bahriri, s. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
BihriiMd, (wmt, BhAAhhid) b Ghazi-
pdr, S. Allab^bid, 90, 162.
Bfthrk61, s. Alwar, S. Agrah, 96, 191.
Bahroch, {var. Broach), (sirkar), S.
Ghijarat, 255.
Bahror, s. Sharif abad, S. Bengal, 189.
Bahwil Bizn, 8. Bazoha, S. Bengal,
187.
Bnhrwirah, s. Tirhnt, S. Bahar, 156.
Baht6r, s. Mar686r, 8. Milwah, 208.
Bailun, see Paphin.
Baionee, see Biram (Perim).
Bairat, Bfra|, see Parii|.
BaitarW, (river), 21^ o 1-
Bajaur, (SirkiU-), S. E^bnl, 347, 891,
391 0 7, 392, 398 n. 6.
Bajhir, {var, Bachhar), s. Chand^ri,
S. Malwah, 201.
Bajhrah, see Bachherah.
B^jilpdr, 8. Sirangpdr, S. Milwah,
208.
Bajmor, see Paohn6r.
Baj6r, s. Sarangpdr, S. Malwah, 208.
Bl^jpat^ri, b. Ghor&ghat, S. Bengal,
186.
Bajponr, see P^hn6r.
Bajrah, see Zhand B.
Bajwa Biyijn, (var. Bajwa Sihir,
Bahoowa SahirX 8. Sylhet, S.
Bengal, 189.
Bajwi Sihir, see Bajwa Bijijn.
Bajwirab, 8. Agra, S. Agra, 96, 182.
Bdjw4rab, s. Jalandhar, S. Labor,
110, 816. [116 u 8.
B4karganj (District), 8. Bengal,
Bakdn, see Baldabal4m.
Bakbar, see N&ghar.
Bdkhar, s. Man^lA^r, 8. Agra, 190.
Bakhariji Bazd, 8. B4zoh4, 8. Ben-
gal, 137.
Bakbotiyd, {va/r, B&gotia), 8. Ma^mdd-
4bid, 8. Bengal, 133.
Bakhrah, s. Eananj, 8. Malwah, 200.
Bakbr6nd, see Bagr6nd.
Baklinf, 8. Banthanb6r, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
(var. Makdma), s. SdtgSo^,
8. Bengal, 141.
Bakr^ed, see Makr&ed.
Bakfeh4, s. Audh, 8. Audh, 98, 174.
B&U, see Lakhi B. Bhoj.
Bilabhat, (var, B^lbhat), s. Baisfn.
8. MAJwah, 112, 199.
Bil^gachah, s. Hajipdr, 8. BahAr,
155.
B£\& Hi88dr (fort), s. K&bnl, 8, Kibnl,
408 a 5.
Balahri see Chanki.
Balahri, (tTor. Balhasi), s. Hindtah, 8,
Malwah, 207.
Balai, see Telhi.
Bilakhatri, 8. Rranthanbor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
B41a Kha^ar, 8. Sindh 8agar Daab,
8. Labor, 323.
B4Uk6ti, see Ja86n B.
Balandari Kotal (var, Malandari E.,
Makandari E., Balandi E., Balan-
dri E.) (pa8s), 8. Eiibul, 391.
Balaoli, 8. Man^la^r, 8. Agra, 190.
B4lapdr (town), 8. Bar4r. 229.
Bdlapdr, 8. Namilab, 8. Barar, 284.
Bal 'Arab, a. B4nghar, 8. Bar4r.
287.
Balasbari, s. Ghor^ghdt, 8. Bengal,
186.
Bal48 Eathi (ror.^alaaghati), s. 8o-
nirgao^, 8. Bengal, 188.
Balau (Tillage) s. Easbmir, 8. Eabul
862.
Balan Nag (pool), s. Easbmir, 8.
Eabul, 362.
Balawarab, b. Recbnan Di'iab, 8. La-
bor, 320.
Bdlbbat, see Balabhat.
Baldikbil, s. Sonargao^, 8. Bengal.
188.
Baldd, see Balddbalam.
Balddbalam (var. Bakdu, Balda),
8. Ndgor, 8. Ajmer, ^, 277.
Bal^r, 8. Lakhnauti, S^engal, 131.
Bal^8ar, 8. 8drat, 8. Gl)lNt, 257.
Bilgafhi, 8. Madaran, 8. Bengal, 141.
Digitized by
Google
10
Balhibas, s. Ghazipnr, S. Allahabad,
90.
Balhir, s. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Balhisi, see Balahri.
Balhati, see Telhi.
Bilhatfah, s. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Balh6r, s. Fathn, S. Bar&r, 286.
Balia, s. Bahar, S. Bah&r, 153.
Balia, (Ballia) s.Ghizipdr, S.Allah^
bad, 90, 162.
Balii, B. Mnngfr, S. Bah4r, 155.
Baliabass, see Bilhab&s.
Bill Bhanga {var. Bill Ghanga), s. Su-
laimin&bid, S. Bengal, 140.
Bill Ghanga, see Bili Bhang4.
B41i Danga, S. Bengal, 140 u 6.
Ballg4o9, see ]g[afbah B.
B41igh, see Eh4n B.
Balin44, s. Satg^o^, S. Bengal, 141.
B41i Shiihi, s. Jal^sar, S. Orissa, 142.
Baliya, s. Satg&oi^, S. Bengal, 141.
B41k4, s. Ghorighiit, S. Bengal, 185.
Balkai^di, s. Telinginah, S. Barir,
287.
Balkar Bijlonr {va/r. Balkar Bijnour,
Bijlaur, Bidjnor), s. Lakhnan, S.
Audh, 98, 178.
Balkar Bijnonr, see Balkar Bijlour.
Balkh, S. Kdbnl, 894, 899, 402.
Balkhar, see Jalalpdr B.
Bal K^osi, see BalR>hsi.
Bal Kohi, see B4lkohsi.
Balkohsi (var. Bal Kohi, Bal Khosi),
B. Jal^sar, S. Orissa, 142.
B^kw4rah, see Falakwih.
Balkwirah, s. Bij^arh, S. Malwah,
204.
Ballia, see Balia s. Gbizlpdr,
Balm^r, see Baharm^l.
B41n4th, see Tilah B.
Balnath ka Tila, see Tila B.
Baln&th (hill), S. Eibnl, 890 n 4.
Balooh, 966 Shahzadah B.
Balochistan, see^eluchistAn.
Baloj, see Shah^dah B.
Bal6kidhan,«mindh S^gar Dd6b, S.
Labor, 828.
Balor, 8. Sdrat, S. Gnjarat, 257.
Bal6ri, see Bh6ri.
Bal6t, 8. J41andhar, S. Labor, 110.
Bab-4m (var. Bilrdm), s. K61, S. Agra,
97, 186.
Balsar (port), S. Gujarit, 248.
Balsar, s. Sdrat, S. Gujarat^ 257.
Balsar, s. Godhra, S. Gujarit, 258.
Balsia, see Basnlyah.
Baltal, s. Kashmir, S. Kibul, 859
ft2.
Baltapdr, s. Barbakabad, S. Bengal,
187.
Balukwah, see F&lakw&h.
Balwirah, s. Sdrat, S. Gujarat, 257.
Bdmanpdr, s. Ghor&gh&t, S. Bengal,
185.
Bambal, see Natil.
Bambhra ka thdl (town), S. Multan,
386 0 4.
Bamhnip&rah, see B&nbhanp&rah.
B&miin, see Zohik B.
Bimian, s. K^bul, S. Kibnl, 400,400
O 1, 409, 409 o 3.
Bamiin, (fort), s. Kibnl, S. Kabul
409.
Bimni (var, Damni), s. Bisim, S.
Barar, 235.
Ban, s. Bechnau Dd4b, S. Labor, 320.
Ban^ekpdr, see Biniikpdr.
Banaekpdr, (v<ur, Binafkpdr% s. Go-
rakhpur, S. Audh, 93.
Banah, see Nab4h.
Banahta, see Banhafa.
Banak (fortress), s. Bhadrak, S. OriB-
sa, 143.
Banakar, s. Kanauj, S. Malwah, 200.
Baniras, see Afak B.
Banaras, see Katak B.
Banaras (Haveli), s. Bantets, S. Alla-
habad, 89, 162.
Bandras (Sarkir), S. Allahabad, 89.
160, 162.
Bandras (town), s. Banaras, S. AlUha-
bad, 89, 158, 158 o 3, 385.
BaniroJBy see Bhintr6r.
Baniwar, see Biniwar.
Digitized by
Google
11
Banbahar, s. Narnalah, 8. Barar, 234,
BAnhbangion, s. Bijigarh, S. Mai,
wah, 204.
Binbhanpirah {var. Bamhnip&rah)-
8. Gorikpdr, S. Audh, 98, 176.
Bancali, see Tinkali.
Banda, see Bindhd.
Bandah, (monntains), (va/r, Satpura),
228.
Bandah, s. Sdrafh, S. Gujarat, 268.
Bandar, see Bidar.
Bandar, see L^Uiari B.
Bandar, see Nawi B.
Bandarbin, s. Siitg6ov» S. Bengal,
141, (Bandariyan in Be&mes).
Bandarjhala, s. Ohanderi, S. Miil-
wah, 201.
Bandar Lihari (vcbr. Lihari Bandar),
8. Tattah, S. Moltin, 336, 339.
Bandhan, s. Ajmer, S. Ajmer, 102,
278.
Bindhii, (var. Banda), (District) 167,
196.
Bando, s. AlUhabid, S. Allahabad,
161 D 8.
Band61, s. Tajpdr, S. Bengal, 136.
Bandar, s. S6rath, S. Gujarat, 268.
Bandwil, s. Ma^ddabad, S. Bengal,
133.
Ban^hra, see Banh^ra.
Banel, see Karyit Babil.
Bang, see Bengal.
Bangabdri, see Fatkamiri.
Bang4b4ri, s. Sitgion, S. Bengal,
141.
Bangihal (valley), 310 d 6.
Bangaon, s. Birbakibid, S. Bengal,
137.
Bangar, see Tankar.
Bangarmao, s. Lakhnau, S. Audh,
94, 178.
Bangash, s. K4bul, S. Kibul, 401, 407,
412. [206.
Bang^h, s. Bijagafh, S. Malwah,
Bangora, see F4oh6rah.
Binhas Tili (fort), s. Jal^sar, S.
Orissa, 142.
Banhafa, (var. Banahta), s. Bauthaii-
bhor, S. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Banhera (va/r. Ban^hra), s. Ghit6r, S.
Ajmer, 102, 274.
Banhd, see Banjd.
Biniin, s. Sarangpdr, S. Milwah,
203.
Banian Chang (var. Mijin Chang,
Bjin Chang, Miyan Shin), b,
Sylhet, 8. Bengal, 139.
Binihal, (var. Banihil), s. Kashmir.
8. Kibul, 347, 361, 369.
Banjah Banji, 006 Hazir B. B.
Banjirah, see ^Ut B.
Banj4rah(zamfndari), 8. Barar, 230.
Binj B&nka, see Biinj Mank£.
Banji, see Haz4r Banjah B.
Banj Malki, see Binj M4nka.
Banj Mink4 (var. B4nj B&nka, B.
Malki, B. Matki, Fantsch Botaca),
8. Ghorighit, 8. Bengal, 136.
B4nj Matki, see Binj Minki.
Binjd (var. Ban^u), s. Katak, 8.
Orissa, 144.
Banjureh, see F4oh6rah.
Binki, see Batkan.
Binki, see Nakar B.
Bankadgion, see B^kadgion.
Bankal,'8. Kashmir, 8. Kibul, 371.
Ban^t (var. Fangat) s. Tijpdr, 8.
Bengal, 136. #
Ban6hri (var. Babnohua, Bhasohra,
Bunbohra), s. Tijirah, 8. Agra, 96,
193.
Ban6r, see Benor.
Binori (var. Fanori), s. Telinganah,
8. Barir, 237.
Binpur, s. Tirhut, 8. Bahar, 166.
Binsad, see Binsanda.
Binsanda or Haftchdr, (var. Bansad
or H. Hdr ), s. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa,
142.
Bansinil, see Natil.
Banswilah, see Banswirah.
Binswirah(tM»r. Bans%41ah)s, Sir6hi,
8. Ajmer, 196^ 261, ^1^76.
Bansyeh, see Bisnf yah.
Digitized by
Google
12
Banu (sarkar^ S. Kabul, Z9B, 893 g 2.
Banwa, s. Sitgiov, S. Bengal, 140.
Banwi, s. Tirhut, S. Bahir, 1^.
Banw&r, see Batori.
Binwiirah, s. Sora^h, S. Gujarit, 258.
Banwirkijar, s. Ghoraghit, 8. Ben-
gal, 186.
Bdri, $ee Bkgh UiH.
B4ra, 8. Kananj, S. Agra, 96, 185.
B4ra, s. S4ran, S. Bahar, 155.
Bira Banki (District), S. Audh, 174,
0 8.
Bahi4i» (i'<'^« Fariri), s. Ma^ddab4d,
S. Bengal, 182.
Birah, see Sin<Slad B.
Birah, s Ohand^n, S. Malwah, 201.
Barah, (va/r. Tarah), (D4war Sh6r-
bhdm), B. Jal^sar, S. Orissa, 142.
Barah giln, (var. Barah Eifn), s.
Nagor, S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Birahgion, see Ba^g&on.
Birah Sewah, a. A^edib&d, S.
Gujarat, 258.
Birah Kiiln, gee Barah gifn.
Barai, see Farbani.
Bahil, 8. S4ran, S. Bahar, 155.
BaraS, 8. Tirhut, S. Bahir, 156.
Bariioh, see Bhalaej.
Barak, see Sllbaras.
Baroltah {vcvr. Barlahath, Barleth,
Barleet), s. Mai6B6r, S. Milwah,
208. [d 8.
fiaramnla, s. Kashmir, 8. Kibnl, 356
Baramnla (pass), s. Kashmir, S.
Kibnl, 368 D 1.
Baran, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 104, 286.
Baran (Dastdr), s. Dihli, S. Dihli,
104.
Birin (river), S. Kibnl, 406, 406 o 1.
Birin, s. Eanthanbor, S. AJii^^i*' 1^>
275.
Bdranasi (Benares), see Banaras.
Barang, s. Katak, 8. Orissa, 148.
Barangpur (vcw*. Birikpiir), s. Pin-
jarah, 8. Bmgal, 186.
Bariodah, ^M[ar6s6r (Mandesar), S.
Malwah, 208.
Barangaoy, 8. Dandee, S. Pt^^^^^**,
225.
Barar {var. Berir), (Subah), 115, 146
O 1, 222, 228, 228, 280, 281 o i
288^4,268.
Barar, s. S6ra^, S. Gnjarit, 258.
Bararipinjar, 8. Lakhnauti, S. Ben-
gal, 131.
B4rishakor, s. Lakhnau, S. Aadh,
93, 178.
BirbakiUd, s. Birbakibid, 8. Ben-
gal, 137.
B4rbakab4d, (sirk^r), 8. Bengal, 120,
124, 187.
Birbakpdr, s. Ghoraghit, 8. Bengal,
135.
Birbakpdr, s. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal,
182.
B&rbakpdr (var, Baricpour), s. Sit-
gion, 8. Bengal, 141.
Barbaksail (vcur, Barikseel, Bariksel,
Bariksail), s. 8harf £4bad, 8. Bengal,
189.
Barbar, s. AlUhibid, 8. AlUhab&d'
161 o 3.
Barbariyi, s. Barbakibid, 8. Bengal,
187.
Barbazd, see Badmir.
Barbhikar, see Talln^ B.
Barchan^it s. 8on£rgaov, 8. Bengid,
188.
Bardi, see Barwa.
Barda (hills), 8. Gujarit, 248 d 8,
«6eBarfa.
Bardiya, s. Sonirgaoy, 8. Bengal,
18a
Bardiyah, see Badriya.
Bardwin, s. 8harlf4bad, S.Bengal,
189.
Bardwan, (district), 140 d 8.
Bar^l, 8. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 156.
Bareli, see B4e B.
Bareli, s. Badiov, 8. Dihli. 104, 288.
Birh, 8. Kanauj, 8. Milwah, 200.
B4rh, 8. N4m61, 8. Agra, 97.
Barhi, see Dahej B.
Barha, see Kant B.
Digitized by
Google
13
Birhah, «e« Bnltinpor B.
Barhan (NarhuiP), s. S4ran, 8. Ba-
hir, 166.
Barhit, see Barbiisat.
Bai^anl, see Ba4h61.
Barhgangal, 8. Udn^r, 8. Bengal,
ISO.
Barhl, s. Chakarhilah, S. Mahdn,
841.
Barhi, see Ch4rb4gh B.
Barhi, see Didd Bbandil B.
Barfai, see Fattd Bhandil B.
Barhf, see Gujrin B.
Barhiisat, (wvr. Barhiit, Barhit,
Barsihat, Barsahas^t), s. Uhor,
S. Uhor, 110.
Barhidit, see Barhiisat.
B4ri, see Batiilah B.
Bari, see Karyat B.
Biri, 8. Kherlah^S. Barar, 234.
Biri, see Koijhi B.
Bari, see Mu^mmad B. Ddkrao.
Bari, s. Agra, S. Agra, 96, 182.
BAri, 6. Kanauj, S. Milwa, 199.
B4ri, 8. Laklmaa, S. Aadh, 93, 178.
B4ri, MeMakried.
Ban, see Fanj B.
Baricpour, see Birbakpiir.
Baridhati, (var, Barmadhatti, Bar-
mandmati,), s. Satgaoy, S. Bengal,
Ul.
BiriDnib (Sirkir), B. Labor, 110,
311, 312, 318, 326 o 2.
Biri Do4b, a. Multin, S. Malt4n,329,
B4ri Ddab, s. Dlp41pdr, & Mult&n,
332.
B4rigaov, see $afbab B.
Bin Gb^r, s. Pinjarab, S. Bengal, 137.
Bari Gborigbit, b. Gboragbit, S.
Bengal, 135.
Birikib, S. Kabul, 399 o 1.
Barlkpdr, see Birangpdr.
Bariksail, see Barbaksail.
Bariksel, gee Barbak8ail.
Barikaeel, see Barbakaail.
Barin Jumli^, s. Maf^nddabad, S.
Bengal, 132.
B^ri SabakbiiU, (vor. B. Timokbala,
B. SankbiU), s. Gborigbat, S.
Bengal, 135.
Barkal, a. Bikan^r, S. Ajmer, 278.
Bark Gb&nd, see Tark Gband£.
Barkebond, see Tark Cbindil.
Bark Hind, see Tark Gbindi.
Barkb^rl, see Akbar&bid Tarkb^ri.
Barlabatb, see Baraltab.
Barleet, see Baraltab.
Barletb, see Baraltab.
Barmadbatti, see Baridbati.
Barmab Hfrab, see Barmbattar.
Barmabpdr (wmt. Bemapoor), s. Ma^i-
mddabid, S. Bengal, 133.
B&rmak, see Fati B.
Barmali, see Baroli.
Barmandmati, see Baridbati.
Barmbattar, (va>r, Barmab Hirab)
a. Satg^oy, S. Bengal, 141.
Bama (river), 167, 168, 168 o 3.
Barnagar (city), S. Gujarit, 242.
Barnab, 8. Kanauj, S. Agra, 96, 186
Bam&lab,^8ee Namilab.
Barniwab, a. Dibli, S. DibU, 104,
286.
Bam^rapni, see Badbarimani.
Baroda, 8. Baroda, S. Gujarat, 265.
Baroda, (Sirkir). S. Gujarat, 266.
Barddab, see Tal B.
Bar6dab, (town)%. Gujarat, 239, 242.
Bar6dab, s. K6tri Parayab, S. Mil,
wab, 209.
Barodab (state), [242, n. 12, 254, q, 2,
3.
Bar6dab, a. Mand6, S. Malwab, 112,
206.
Barodab, a. Nigor, S. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Barodab, a. !Rantbanb6r, S. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Barodab Fat^ban, s. Alwar, S.
Agra, 96, 191.
Barodab Meo(txir. Meo), 8. Alwar, S.
Agra, 96, 191. \
BanSdab Ra*na (DastAl^. Nirn^, S.
Agra, 97. »
Digitized by
Google
l4
Barodah rf 'an4, s. Nirnol, S. Agra,
97, 194.
Bar6darah, b. Bljiga^h, S. Malwah,
204.
Barohi, see Pafohi.
Baroi, eee Paf ohi.
Bar6i, b. Narwar, Q. Agra, 190.
Baroli, (tw. BanSn, Barmali, Nariini)
(river), S. Gujarit, 262.
Bar6n, $ee Baroli.
Biror, see B4ir.
Bar6r, b. Giwil, S. Barar, 282.
Bar6r, s. Kherlah, S. Barar, 233.
Bar6r Anzana, see Bardrinjnah.
Barotb, eee Jalalpor B.
Barra, s. Barri, S. Bar£r 244.
Barra (P Berda, Barda), (Sirkir), S.
Gnjarit, 244, 248 ft 3.
Barsahasit, see Bahidsat.
Barsihat, see Barbi4sat.
Barsald, s. Ghorighit, S. Bengal,
135.
Barsalpdr, s. Bikan^r, S. Ajmer, 277.
Barsini, s. Tirhut, S. Bahar, 156.
BarBar, s. BadiLoy, S. Dihli, 104, 288.
Barsi, Hijlpdr, see Fati Hajipdr.
Barsi T4nkli(tH»r. Fanabakhi, Partah-
kulsy), B. Namalah, S. Barar, 234.
Bardranjnah, {va/r, Bar6r Anzana,
Anjanah, Birduranjeh), s. Q^ira-
bid, S. Audh, 9% 176.
Barwa, s. Bhadrak, S. Orissa, 143.
Barw4, s. Hi^ar Firozah, S. Dihli,
105, 294.
Barwa (var. Sarwa, Barda), b. Sorajh,
S. Gujarit, 244, 258.
Barwah, b. Beth J&iandhar Ddab, S.
Lahor, 316.
Barwilah, Hifir Firozah, S. Dihli,
105, 294
Barw4r£, b. Sora^h, S. Gujarat, 258.
Barwirah, s. Banthanbh6r, S. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Barwi, s. Kashgiir, S. KAbnl, 371.
Basad (var. WBad), b. Kherlah, 8.
Barar, 29^ [208.
Basdhirah, s. Marasor, S. Milwah,
BaBii Diwarmir, (var, B. Diwarpdi^)
B. Katak, S. OriBBa, 148.
BaBii Dlwarpdr, see B. Dfwarmar.
BaBamt, s. F4thri, S. Barir, 236.
BaBanah, s. Alwar, S Agra, 96, 191.
BaBandhari. s. Snlaiminibad, S Ben-
gal, 140.
Basari, s. Hijipdr, S. Bahar, 166,
166 ft 8.
BaBiri (var. BaBrah), b. Eh^ribad,
S. Andh, 93, 177.
Baaara, (var. BiBiri), b. Sambhal,
8. Dihli, 105, 290.
Bas^ (Bassein), (town), 8. Gujarat,
243, id., note 3.
Basht, (var. Bast), 8. Kabul, 418.
Bisigiov, s, Tijpdr, 8. Bengal, 186.
Basim (town), 8. Barar, 230.
Basim (haveli), b. Bisim, 8. Barar,
236.
Bisim (8irkar), 8. Barar, 236.
Bisni jah, (var. Balsia, Bansyeh), 8.
Bi jigarh. 8. Malwah, 205.
Basddhi, a. Andh, 8. Audh, 93, 174.
Baadk, s. Bahir, 8. Bahir, 168.
BaB^tra, b. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 166.
Bafrah (Arabian town), 121, 341, ft
1, 844 ft 2, 418.
Basrah, see Basiri.
Basrii, b. Nidot, 8. Gujarat, 264.
BasrauU, b. GawU, 8. Barar, 232.
Basri, B. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 166.
BaBsein, see Bm6.
BasBi, see Fasai.
BaBBora, see Bafiah.
Baat, see Basht.
Bastar, 8. Barar, 228. [137.
Bastdl, s. Birbakibid, 8. Bengal,
Bastwah, s. KumAon, 8. Dihli, 289.
Baswah, s. Khairab4d, 8. Audh, 93.
176.
Bansyeh, see Bansniyah.
Batala, see Fatila.
Batilah, see Bafialah.
Bafcalah, see Batialah.
Ba^lah (Ban Ddib), (Sirkar), 8.
Lahor, 110.
Digitized by
Google
15
Bftfalah {var. BafUlah, BaUlah), s.
Bafilah (Biri Dd4b), S. Labor, 110,
389.
Batan, (vor. Fatan), s. Sewistiin, S.
Molten, 8^.
Batar, (tw. Patar, Palar), s. Sewis-
tin, S. Mnltan, 840.
Batiwad {var, Be&wad, Beanvad),
8. Dandes, S. Shindes, 225.
Bithi, 8. B&sim, S. Barir, 235.
Bith Eari, a. Sonirgaou, S. Bengal,
13a
B&thnin, s. Mattmddibiid, S. Ben-
gal, 132,
Batialah, (fort), 8. Barar, 231.
Batiilah, {var. Pitilwari, Pnttyaleh,
Batilah FatUlah, Putaleh, Fani-
ala) PaUla, Silah), Sirkir), S.
Barar, 228, 237.
BatUlah Bari (var. Puttyaleh, Fania-
la B., 8. BatUlah, S. Barir, 237.
Batila, see Ratfla.
B&tkin (var. Binki) s. Ma^mddd-
Ud, S. Bengalll32.
Batkar, see Tankar.
Bat6d}U (var. Batddha) s. Nigor, S.
Ajmer, 102, 277.
Bitor, Be$ Nahajann B.
Batori (var. Fatora, Batwir, Banwar),
8. Tattah, S. Multin, 339.
Bitrak (riyer), S. Ghijarit, 289.
Bataal, see Natil.
Bat8chi, »ee Fachhl.
Batfilah, see Batilah.
Bifd, 8. Kashmir, S. K&bol, 369.
Batddhi, see Bat6dhi.
Batwi, see Sem6ri B.
Batwah (var. Fatwah) (villaSe), S.
Ghijarat, 240, 240 d 7.
Batwir, see Batori.
Banh (tnir. Banpdr) (ferry), S. Labor,
310.
Bankadgion, see Bekadgion.
Banli, s. Narwar, S. Agra. 190.
Banliana, see Sdliyinah.
Baupdr, see Banh.
Bawil, 8. Ajmer 8. Ajmer,102, 273.
Biwal, 6. BewiH, S. Dibit, 105, 298.
Bawiliyi, s. Sonirg&oi^, 8. Bengal,
138.
Biwan, s. Khairibid, 8. Andb, 98,
177.
Bawan 8endh (var. Bhawan 8end,
Bfdn 8end, Bbn 8endt^ Fawan
8endh), (spring) s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabnl, 358 u 4*
Bayanwin, see Beanwin.
Biyazfdpdr, s. Gboragbit, 8. Bengal,
135. [187.
B&yazidpdr, s. Finjarah, 8. Bengal,
Bizir, see Desbt.
B&zir, 8. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Bizirak (pass) 8. Kibul, 399, 400, 400
Ol.
Bizir Chhatigbit, s. Ghorighit, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Bizir Ibrihimpdr, 8« 8harifibid, 8.
Bengal, 139.
Bizir-i Tusaf , s. Laknanti, 8. Bengal,
132.
Biziri Kadim (old Bizir), s. Lakh-
nanti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Bizkbokra, s. Lakhnanti, 8. Bengal,
181.
Bizobi, (8irkir), 8. Bengal, 121, 124,
137.
Bizd, see Bahwil B.
Bizd, see Bakhari|ri B.
Bizd, see Bb6riya B.
Bizd, see Chand Partib B.
Bizd, see Cbbandiya B.
Bizd, see Daskbidiya B.
Bizd, see Dhaki B.
Bizd, see Hamta B
Bizd, see Hariyil B.
Bizd, see Jastan B.
Bizd, see Partib B.
Bizd, see 8alim Partib B.
Biza, see 8bib Ajiyil B.
Bizd, see 8oni B.
Bizd, see 8onigbiti B.
Bizd, see 8ultin B.
Bizdohap, s. Mafl^ldibid, 8.
Bengal, 132.
aDi D.
Mat^dil]
Digitized by
Google
u
Bisd FanUd Sh&hi, s. Qhorighit, S.
Bengal, ia5.
B&zdrast, s. Ma^ndibad, S. Bengal,
132.
Biizu Zafar Shahi, s. Ghoraghit, S.
Bengal, 135.
Bizwil (village), s. Kashmir, S.
Kibul,*361.
Beidawi, see Beiwada.
Be&nah, s. Agra, S. Agra, 96.
Beanah (Haveli) s. Agra, S. Agra, 96.
Beanban, eee Beanwin.
Beanwan, s. Beanwan, S. Agra, 188.
Beanwan (Dastor), s. Beanwan, S.
Agra, 96.
Beanwan (oar. Bay&nwan, Beanban,
Sanwin) (Sirkar), S. Agra, 96, 188.
B^ard, «ee Biiwar.
Beas, eee Biih.
Beaavad, eee Batawad.
Beiiwad, see Batiwad.
Be4wada (t^or. Beidawi), s. G4mil, S.
Bar4r, 232.
Beiwar, s. Sarangpnr, S. M41wah,
208.
Be^warab, s. Sdrat, S. Gnjarit, 257«
Bedjili, see Nejli.
BM61i, see Bidaoli.
Beelowd, see Papldd.
Beerat, see Ferith.
Beey, see Babai. ^
Begun, 8. CJbitor, S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Begwin, {va/r. Pangwin), s. Tijirah,
S. Agra, 96, 193.
Bebar, see Babar.
Beissa, see $ila B.
Bejrl, B. Bantbambbor, S. Ajmer, 102.
276.
Bekadgaon {var. Bankadgion), s.
D&ndes, S. Kbandes, 225.
Bekbnr, see Bbakar.
B^lab, B. H4jkin, S. Mult&n, 340.
Belab, s. Kalamb, S. Bar&r, 235.
Bel4r4, s. Jodbpur, S. Ajmer, 102,
276. J
Belbiri, b. Lgc^Lanti, S. Bengal, 131.
Belgiov, s. sStgaov, S. Bengal, 141.
Belgbiti, 8. Gorigbit, S. Bengal, 186.
Bel Ghizi Kbin, s. Sindh S4gar
Dd&b, S. Labor, 323.
Belbeti (va/r. Tilbanf, TaUiani), s.
Jaunpnr, S. Allab4b4d, 89, 168.
Beli, see Bibli.
Beli, 8. Cbanderi, S. Milwab, 201.
B^kasi, s. Ma^mddib4d, S. Bengal,
138.
Belkbi, s. Soralb, S. Gnjarit, 258.
Belkasi, s. M^mddibiid, S. Bengal,
133. [loss, 275.
Belonab, s. Bantbanbbor, 8. Ajmer,
Belor, 8. Fat^b^d, S. Bengal, 132.
Belot, s. Birdn-i Panjnad, S. Labor,
825.
Belnobistan {var. BaloohiBiin) coun-
try, 387 D 2 & 3, 341 D L
Belwali, a. Kberlab, S. Barir, 284.
Belwiri, s. Ma^udib&d, S. Bengal,
132.
B^m^, see Fanmin.
Beniras, see Madan B.
Benares, see Madan B.
Bengal {var. Bang) (Subab), 115
116 d1, 117d1iS:;S, 119, 120, 122
123o4, 124d 2 & 5, 125 n. 2, liS6
126 D 1, 127 o 2, 129-149, 152, 169i|8
171 o 5, 172n.8, 180, 229n.l, 804
305, 306, 886, 415.
Bengal Proper, 116 n 1.
Benjili, see Nejll.
Benkar, see Tankar.
Bendr (var, Ban6r) s. Siriiind, S.
Dibli, 105, 295.
Beri (var. Babra, Bbabra), s. Gk>dbra.
S. Gujr4t, 257.
Beraki, see Cbarkb B.
Berir, see Bar&r.
Beritb, see Peritb.
Berda, see Barri.
Beri, b. Soratb, S. Gujarit, 258.
Beri Dobal^ban, s. Dibli, S. Dihli, 104,
286.
Bemapoor, see Barmabpdr.
Besali (var. Bet41i) s. Betb Jilandbar
Duib, S. Labor, 316.
Digitized by
Google
17
Beard (vor, Bisrd), 8,Tij4rah, S.Agra,
96, 193.
Bearu (Dastur), a. Tijirah, 8. Agra,
96,
Bet4U, see Bes41i.
Betamah, $ee B^twa.
Betba, see B^twa,
Betbariya, s. Matmandibid, S. Bengal,
132.
Bethan (var. Pathin), S. Ba^ialah
(B4ri Ddib), S Labor, 110, 318.
Bejb Jilandbar, (we oUso Jalandbar)
(Sirkir), 110, 311, 315, 316 o 2.
Biih Jilandbar Dd£b s. Dipiilpdr, S.
HiiIUn,381.
Betb Jilandbar Ddab, s. Multin, S.
Mnltin, 928.
Betboli (var* Bitbowly), s. Lakbnau,
a Ondb, 93, 178.
Betmin, see Panmin.
Betmin (tjor. Patman, Bimin, Pubu-
m4n), 8. Mando, S. Malwih, 206.
Betwa (var, Betamab, Nlm, Betba,
Bagbanti) (river), 8. Milwab, 195,
196, 201, 202, 203.
Bhibhdt (port), 8. Gujarit, 243.
Bbabra, see Beri.
Bhi4hAdryi, a. Fat^bid, 8. Bengal,
132.
Bbadiv* see Bbadrin.
Bhadinab, s. Nigor. 8. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Bbadaon, »ee IMnab B.
Bbadion a. Jannpnr, 8. Allabibad,
89,163.
Bbidar (river), 8. Ghijarit, 245,
245n6.
Bbadaoli, see Bbadoli.
Bbideli (var, Bbaw^li), s. 8oratb, 8.
Gtijarit, 268. [134.
Bbadea, a. Ebalifatibid, 8. Bengal,
Bbadliop, a. Bantbambbor, S. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Bbadoi, a. Allababid, 8. Allibibid,
89, 161.
%adei (Daatdr) a. • AUahib&d, 8.
Allabibad, 89.
3
Bbadoli (va^. Bbadauli), a. «ab4r, 8.
Agra, 96, 196, 309 D 3.
Bbaddr see Bb6dar.
Bbadra (billa), see Bbadral.
Bbadra (pool), a. Hifir Firozab, 8.
Dibli, 281.
Bhadriobalam, 8. Barir, 228 d ^•
Bbadrajau^i (vow. Babadur Ajdn), a.
Jodbpur, 8. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Bbadrak, a. Bbadrak, 8. Oriaaa, 143.
Bbadrak (8irkiir), 8. Oriaaa, 126. 143.
Bbadral (vor. Bbadra) (billa), 310.
Bbadrin (votr. Bbadin), s. Becbndu
Ddib, 8. L^or, 320.
Bbadd, a. Cbenbat (Jecb) Ddib, 8.
Labor, 322.
Bba^wir, a. Tirbut, 8. Babir, 166.
Bb&gi (atream) 8. Labor, 311.
Bb&galpnr, a. Fat^b&d, 8. Bengal,
132.
Bbigalpur, a. Mungbir, 8. Babir,
156.
Bbigirathi (river), 8. Bengal 129© 6,
Bbagorvi, see Bakoi.
Bbagd, see Pacbbam, B.
Bbagd, see Purab, B.
Bbagwin, see T4nda, B.
Bbabaucali, see Babidkali.
Bbairavaparvata, 313 u ^ (33).
Bbaiya, see Fatbpur, B.
Bbakar (var. Pbak^r, Bikbar, Babkar,
Bbakor, Bekbur) (village), 8.
Ajmer, 267.
Bbakkar, a. Bbakkar, 8. Multan, 333,
336, 337 o 1,339, 341 oL
Bbakkar (var, Bbukkur) (fort), 8.
Mnltdn,327,328.
Bbakbar (var. Bukknr) (8irkar), 8.
Multin,333,336, 341oL
Bbakoi (var, Biakoi, Biakdbi, Bigb-
orwi, Babacoi, Bbagorvi), a. Ajmer,
8. Ajmer, 102, 273.
Bbakdr, see Bbakar.
Bbakor, see Bbankdra.
Bbakdra, see Bbankdr
Bbakorab (village), %^ Gnjarit,
243d 4.
Digitized by
Google
18
Bhiksi, 8. Eumion, S. Dihli, 289.
Bhaktd, s. Kmnion, S. Dihli« 289.
Bhil, 8. Khalffatib&d, S. Bengal,
134.
Bhili, 8. Tirhut, S. Bahir, 156.
Bhaliech, see Bhalaej.
Bhalaej (var. Bhalaeoh, Bariich), s.
Ghizlpor, S. Allahibid, 90, 162.
Bhald^wi, 8. Eananj, S. Malwah,200.
Bhaliyinah, 8. KhalifaUbdd, S.
Bengal, 184
Bhalka, s. Khal!fat4b4d, 8. Bengal,
184.
Bhil H T^rath (shrine), S. Qujarit,
246.
Bhiln^r, see Bhimb^r.
Bhalol, 8. Manikpur, S. AUahib^
90,164.
Bhalon, 8. Beth J41andhar Ddib, S.
Lahor, 316.
Bhal6t, 8. Ba^ilah (Beohniu Doib), 8.
Lahor, 110, 320.
Bhalwi Jow4r, 8. 8on4rgAo^ 8.
Bengal, 138.
Bhamber (var. Bhilner), s. Nafarbir,
8. M^wah, 208.
Bhin, 8. Madi Kurug, 8. Bar4r, 236.
Bhanahpor, tee Bha^hpur.
Bhan4i, »ee Bahnii.
Bhanakpdr, see Bhathpur.
Bhanath, 8. 8ah4Eanpnr, 8. DihHy
291.
Bhindi, s. Khalifat4b4d, 8. Bengal,
134.
Bhandil Barhi, eee D4dd B. B.
Bhandil Barhi, see Fattu B. B.
Bhin^er (va/r. Fhind^r) 8. Irij^ 8.
Agra» 96, 187.
Bhandhirah (village), s. N4mol, 8.
Agra, 195.
Bhangi, see B41i B.
Bhangiwil, 8. Hif^ir Firdzah, 8.
DihU, 294
Bhanj, see Hasti B.
Bhankori (inm# Bhakori, Bhakor)
(port), 8. Gparit, 248.
Bhansi, see Bnisa.
Bh4ntror («or. BinaroE, Bahanror), s.
8oTith, 8. Gnjarit, 244
Bhanwip4r4, 8. Oorakhpnr, 8. Andh,
93, 175.
Bharaioh, see Bahraich. [278.
Bharinah, 8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102,
Bhirangi, s. Hif^ir Fir6zah, 8.
Dihli,294.
Bharchak, see 8harchak D4ml.
Bhardandah, see Bharondi.
Bhargodah, see Bharkondah.
Bhariibdd, see Bahriibid.
BhaHmau, see B. Pangwin.
Bharlman Fangwin (voir, on p. 178
separate), s. Lakhnan, 8. Andh, 98,
178.
Bharkondah (var, BhargodahX a. 8ha-
ri£4b4d, 8. Bengal, 139.
Bharli, ti^pah (var. Kharli), s. B4ri
Ddib, 8. Lahor, 110, 818.
Bharoj, see Broach.
Bharondi iv<Mr. Bhardandah), 8. Aj-
mer, 8. Ajmer, 102, 273.
Bhartpdr (8tate).
Bhard, see IsUmpor B.
Bharwirah, 8. KhaiiAbad, 8. Andh,
98, 177.
Bhisandi, 8. Bay4nw4n, 8. Agra^ 189.
Bhisar, s. Telinginah, 3. Bahbr, 237.
Bhasiwar («ar. Bhoeiwar), s. Agra,
8. Agra, 96, 182.
Bhaskar, 8. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Bhasohra, see Banohra.
Bhasoriya B4sn, see Bhoriya B.
Bhatah, see Amr&ki B.
Bhat^l, 8. Udner, 8. Bengal, 180.
Bhatandah, 8. 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 604,
259.
Bhatghora (var, Bhathkhora, Bnht-
gorah) (8irkar), 8. AUahibid, 166.
Bhathkhora, MelBhathghora.
Bhathpur {var, Bhanahpor, Bhanak-
pnr, Bhenpur), 8. Mandesar, 8.
M&lwah, 208.
Bhitf (tract), 8. Bengal, 116.
Bhitia (fort), b. Tattah, 8. Multin,
839 eL
Digitized by
Google
19
Bhatiya, a. Laldmauti^ S. Bengal,
181.
Bhftt Khan Kiwar, see Bahat Khan
Jawar.
Bhatner, s. Hiffir Ffrdzah, S. Dihli»
294.
Bhitedi, s. Sharlfibid, S. Bengal,
189.
Bhattaohiraj, see Farmodar B.
Bhatfah, Bhana^hP (see p. 291), s.
Sahiranpnr, S. Dihli, 105.
Bha|ti, see Amraki B.
Bhatfi, 8. B4rf Ddib, S. Lihor, 819.
Bhattiina (district), 166 u 2.
Bhafta (va/r. Bhatd), s. Hiffar Fi-
r6zah, S. Dihli, 105, 394.
Bhatd, see Bha^.
Bhanri, s. Tirhat, S. Bah4r, 156.
Bhawilbhdm, 8. Mad4ran, S. Bengal,
141.
Bhawalpnr (territory), s. Moltin, S.
Maltim,8d0o2.
Bhawan Send, see Bawan Sendh.
Bhaw^ see Bh&deli.
Bhelak, see Kal B.
Bheldwil, tappah (va/r. Bhelw&l) s.
Birf Dd4b, S. Lahor, 110, 818.
^elwil, see Bheldwil.
Bhenpnr, see Bhafpnr.
Bh^rah, s. Hazirah (Jeoh Ddib), S.
Lahor, Ul, 811, 311 o 2, 822, 322 o 1.
Bhesdahi, s. Eherlah, S. Barir,
288.
Bhesrot, s. Sdrat, S. Gujarit, 257.
Bheteri (wr. Bihtari, Bhitri), s.
Jannpnr, S. Allahibid, 89, 168.
Bhewan, see Thinah B.
Bhijnagar, S. Katak, s. Ori88a, 144.
Bhljpdr, see Bijpdr.
Bhikan Diw4r, 8. Kumion, S. Dihli.
289.
Bhil, 8. A^madibid, S. Gujarit, 258.
Bhf Isa, see Bhisa.
Bhllsah, 8. B4i8(n, S. Milwah, 112,
199.
Bhim, see Thinah B.
Bhlm, see Todah B.
Bhimbar, see Bimbar.
Bhimbar, 8. Chenhat (Jech) Dd4b, S.
Lahor, 322.
Bhimbar (river), S. Lahor, 822, 888
»1.
Bhfmpdr, 8. Bahir, S. Bah4r, 154.
Bhfmpor (var. Bhimran), 8. Gohil-
wiiuh, S. Gujarit, 244.
Bhfmridah, s. Sorafh, S. Gnjarit,
258.
Bhimran, see Bhimpdr.
Bhln Sardr, see Bihin Bardr.
Bhirahpil, see Bahrahpil.
Bhiro Eha^lar see Fard E.
Bhf8a (oar. Bhf laa, Bh4n8i), 8. Telin-
ginah, S. Barir, 287.
Bhf trl, see Behteri.
Bhfwin, 8. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Bhddar (oar. Bhaddr), s. Sirhind, S.
Dihli, 105, 295.
Bhodhek, see Badhn^th.
Bhodhi (oar. Fhdlodhi), s. Jodhpor, S.
Ajmer, 102, 276.
Bhogion (vcMT, Bhdgion), s. Eananj,
S. Agra, 96, 184.
Bhogion (Da8tdr)f 8. Eananj, 8.
Agra, 96.
Bhoharah (oar. Bhorah), a. Bew4ri,
S. Dihli, 105, 298.
Bhdgpnr, 8. Sahiranpnr, S. Dihli,
105, 291.
Bhogrii, 8. Jaleaiff, S. Orissa, 142.
%oj,«eeB41i4B.
Bhoj, see Lakhf B4U B.
Bhojpdr, 8. Eanauj, S. Agra, 96, 184
Bhojpdr, 8. Baiam, 8. Milwah, 112,
199.
Bhojpdr, 8. Bohtis, 8. Bahir, 157.
Bhol! (oar. Bhu^li) a. Ohanidah, 8.
Allah4b4d, 90, 165.
Bholi, 8. Ghor4gh4t, 8. Bengal, 186.
BhoUyibel, a. Fa^hibid, 8. Bengal,
182.
Bh6nah, see Bhdnah.
Bho9har4, 8. Tijpur^. Bengal, 185.
Bhonki (oar. Bhdngi%ELBeth Jilan-
dhar Ddib, 8. Lahof^O, 816.
Digitized by
Google
90
Bhorah, see Bhobarfth.
Bhorissh, s. Chanderi, S. Mftlwah,
201.
Bhorisah, 8. Sirangpur, 8. Malwah,
203.
Bhori (voir. Balori), s. Baisin, 8.
Malwah, 112, 199.
Bhori Bhirl, Me Bhorf Pah4r^
Bhori Pahifi (oar. Bhorf Bh4rf) b.
Banthambhor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Bhoriya Bizd (var. Bhasorija B.) s.
Basohii, 8. Bengal, 187.
Bhorsat, see Bhosat.
Bhos^df , #00 Bidi B.
%08a| (var. Bhorsaf), b. 8nlaimin&-
b&d, 8. Bengal, 140.
Bhofliwar, see Bhosiwar.
Bhosor, 8. Banthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Bhdili, see Bholl.
Bhd^li, see Bh61i.
Bhdgion, see Bh6g^Um.
Bhuj (town), 8. Gujarat, 26a
Bhokar, b. Telinginah, 8. Baatir,
237.
^nkarherf, 000 8ikri B.
Bhnkkur, 000 Bhakkar.
Bhdksi, 8. Kumion, 8. Dihli, 289.
Bhuli, 000 Badner B.
Bhdlnagar {ifor, Phdinagar), s. Ehalf-
tAtihid, 8. Bengal, 134.
Bhomah, 000 Bhdnft.
Bhnnah {var, Bhonah, Bhnmah), b.
8ahiranpms 8. Bihli, 105, 291.
%iingi, 000 Bhonki.
Bhiri, 8. Enm^n, 8. Dihli, 289.
Bhurtiwihan (va/r^ Biman), s. Malt4n,
8. Mnhln, 881.
Bku 8endh, 000 Bawan 8endh.
BhnUn (country), 119|| 3, 128 u 6.
Bhu^on, s. Eanai:^, 8. Milwah, 200.
Bhntiyil, 8. Rechnin Ddib, 8.
Labor, 320.
BhntBar, s. 8drat, 8. Gnjarit, 267.
Bhuwilbhdm, ^Madiiran, 8. Bengal,
141. ^
Bilh, 8. BirrtRiib, 8. Labor, 818.
Bi4h («ar. Be48, Bipfaka) (rirer), a
Labor, 304, 310, 310 & 4, 811.812,
316 a 6, 325 0 2, 326, 826 0 2.
Biibkund (source of Bl&b), 310.
Blakdbi, 000 Bhakoi.
Blikoi, 000 BhakoL
Biinah (town), 181, 221 0 2. [96.
Blinah (Dastdr), s. Agra, 8. Agra,
Blinah (Hayeli), b. Agra, 8. Agra,
96, 180, 182.
Biirhicif see Piyisbiri.
Bi^hah, s. Hin^lab, 8. Milwah, 207.
Biiwar (var. B^ard, Fen4r Bearou),
8. Eanauj, 8. M41wah, 200.
Blbi, 000 Earanja B.
Bibli (var. Fipli, Beli), s. Jalesar^ 8.
OriBsa, 142.
Bf dar (var. Bandar), (town) 8. Bar4r,
226,228.
BidaspeB 000 Bihat.
Bidasta, 000 Bihat.
Bidauli (var. B^dli), 8. 8ah4rahpur,
8. DihH, 105, 29L
Bidjnor, 000 Balkar Bijlour.
Bigrim s. Eibul, 8. Eibol, 391,
392, 404, 404 0 6, 411.
Bihat (var. Bidasta, Bidaspes, Jhe-
lum, HydaBpeB), (river), 8. Labor,
311, 311 o 1, 312, 322, 328, 396 o 2»
355, 855o4, 356d3, 359^2, 861,
394, 391.
Bibfn Sardr (var. Bhhi Sardr), s.
Chitor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 274,
Bihr^spdr, a. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
191.
Bihtari, 000 Bheteri.
Bijigarb (Sirkir), 8. Mihrab, 112,
196,204.
Bij^ 8. Gujar4t, 242.
Bijanagar (state), 8. Gujarat, 250 0 2.
Bijinagar, a. Pinjarah, 8. Bengid,
187.
Bijiipur (country), 231, 238 a 4, 318.
Bij&pdr, 8. Fa^n, 8. Gujarit, 254.
Bij Beara, 00^ Vej Brara.
Bijhfpur, 8. Man414er, 8. Agra, 190*
Bijlaur, 000 Balkar Bijlour.
Digitized by
Google
31
BijloTUf, Me Balkar B.
Bijnagar, $ee SSdhpdr Panohnagar.
Bijnaar (vor. Bijnor), s. Sambhal, S.
Dihli, 105, 290.
BiJBoU, B. Hinff ah, S. Milwah, 907.
Bijnor, see Bijnanr.
Bijpor (t»r. Bhf jpnr), s. Irij, S.Agra,
96, 187.
Bikampnr, b, Bikiner, S. Ajmer, 277.
Blkimer (fort), S. Ajm^r, 271.
Bikiner, s. Bikaner, S. Ajmer, 277*
Bikiner (Sirk4r), S. Ajmer, 102, 267,
270, 277, 810, 886.
Bikhangio^, b. Bljigafh, S. Miilwah,
205.
Bikhar, eee Bhakar.
Bikrampnr, b. Sonirgao^, S. Bengal.
188.
Bfland, $ee Papl6d.
Bilispur (Simla Hills), 308 ^ 1.
BiliBpnr, b. K%i, S. Agra, 97, 184.
Bilehrl, 8« Andh, S. Aadh, 98, 174.
Bilgram, see Bilgraon.
Bilgr4o9 {va/r. T&lgrioy), j^. Kananj,
S. Agra, 96, 184.
Bilgrioy (var, Bilgrim), s. Lakhnan,
S. Audh, 94, 178, 178.
Bilhibis (iTor. Baliabaes), s. Ghazi-
p^, S. Allahibid, 162.
Bilhdr, b. Kanauj, S. Agra, 96, 185.
Bilrim, see Balrim.
Bildn, see Faplen.
BlmiiD, see Betmin.
Biman (lake), see Saman.
Bimbar (vor. Bhimbhar, Chibhin,
Jibhil), (district), s. Saw4d, S.
Kibal,810,847,891.
Bimgal, s. Telingknah, S. Bar4r, 287,
Bini (wr.lNapta) (river), S. Barir,
228 o 8.
Biniikpur {var, Baniekpnr) s. Gk^,
rakhpdr, S. Audh. 98, 175.
Biniwar) (var. Baniwar), s. Agra, S.
Agra, 96, 182.
Bipdtsha, see Biih.
Biragafh, S. Barir, 228, 230.
Bf raga^h, & Eanaaj, S. H4hrah, 200.
Birii (var. Sarai) s. Gk>hilwirah, S.
Gnjarit, 244.
Biram (var. Perim) (island), S. Ghija-
rit, 247, 247 o 2.
BSr^mg&oy (var. Parmgio^ (town),
S. Gujariit, 242.
Bir4t, see Pariif.
Bf rbhnm, s. Madiran, S. Bengal, 141.
Birduranjeh, see Bardrinjnah.
Biroi (var. Parohi, Baroi, Barohi), b.
SambhaJ, S. Dihli, 105, 290.
Biror, see Sar6r.
Bf ror, s. Bijiigarh, S. M&lwah, 205.
Bfrpur, 8. Ahmadabdd, S. Gnjarit,
253.
Biran-i Panjad, s. Dfp41pdr, S. Mnl-
tin, 833.
Biran-i Panjnad, s. Mnltan, S. Mnl-
t4n,880.
Birdn-i Panjnad (Sirkar), S. Labor,
825, 825 D 2.
Biruw4 (village), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul, 863.
BIsakh (var. Biski), s. Kandahir, S.
K&bul, 898.
Bfsalnagar, S. Paffan, S. Gujarit,
254.
Bisiri, see Bas4r4.
Bishan Gbyi, 8. Bar^, 280.
Bishekh, see Sikhshahar.
Bf sf , s. Ma^mudibad, 8. Bengal, 182.
Bf ski, see Bisakhf
Bfsru, 966 Besrd.
Bf stagaouy 666 Hatgaon.
Bithowly, see Betholi.
Bithdr, s. Kanauj, S. Agra, 96, 185.
Bfdn Send, see Bawan Sendh.
Bobari s. Tijpur, 8. Bengal, 135.
Boohah, see Bagh Bie, B.
Bochhiwar, s. Tirhut, 8. Bah4r« 156.
Bodab, s. Mandesar, 8: liiUlwah, 208.
Boder (var. Boudbar, Pdrmal), s.
Diindes, 8. Khindes, 225.
Bo^han, s. Satgao^ 8. Bengal, 14L
Bodhnor, see Bodhnd^
Bodhndr (var. Bodhnw, s. Ohitor, S,
Ajmer, 102, 274. ^
Digitized by
Google
Bogla (WW. BagU, Hugla) (Sirkir)
S. Bengal, 128, 1S4.
Bogla (alias Isma'ilpur), b. Bogla, S.
Bengal, 134
Bokh^ri, (city), 220 o 5.
BoJsWri (conntry), 399 o 2, 400 o 1,
404.
BoUn (pass), 8. Mnltin, 387 o 4.
B61^t, s. Chenhat (Jech), Ddib, S,
Labor, 322.
Boli, 8. Banthambhor, S. Ajmer, 102,
274.
Bolor (monntains), 365 a 8.
Bondi {va/r. Bund!), s. Eanthambhop,
S. Ajmer, 102, 217 ft 2, 268 o 1, 274.
Booseh, see Pusah.
Bori, 8. Tirhut, S. Bah4r, 166.
Borgaon (wr. Pdrgion, Ponrgaon,
Poorgaon), (town), S. Sh^ndes,
222.
Bori, 8. Kalamb, S. Barir, 235.
Bori, 8. Tattah. S. Mnlt4n, 839.
Bormil, s. Dindes, S. Sh^ndes, 225.
Bosamir, see I wan B.
Bosiwi, 8. Hijipur, S. Bah4r, 155.
Bosina, see Tusina.
Botossa, see Teosah.
Bondbar, see Boder.
Bonssa, see Pdsah.
Brahma (Jay4 (town), S. Bahir, 152.
Brihman4b4d, (var, Harmatelia
Br4hmathala, Brahmanasthala), s.
Tattah, S. Mnltin, 386, 9d6 u 4.
Brahmanstha^a, see BrihmanibAd.
Brahmanpur, see Babhanbhum.
Brahmapnra (town), S. Dihli, 281 o 4.
Brahmaputra (river), S, Bengal, 121.
Brahmathala, see Br4hman4b4d.
Brang, s. Kashmir, 8. K4bul, 355,
868.
Brira, see Vej B.
Bring (stream), s. Eibnl, 855 a 1.
Broach, see Bahroch.
Broach (tnw. Bharoj), s. Bahroch, 8.
Gujarit, 243^ o 1 and 2, 255.
Broach (Haven, s. Bahroch, 8. Gnja-
r4t.255. ^
Broach (district), 8. Ghijarit, 24ft g 9,
251 o 8.
Bryri, see Isha B.
Babheranty, see Badharimani.
Bddahthal, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
191.
Bddan (va^. Bdran), s. Telinginah, 8.
Bar4r, 237.
Budhinah, s. Sahiranpnr, 8. Dihli,
105, 291.
Budhola, see Badhoni.
Bndfn (town), s. Tattah, 8. Moltin,
386.
Bngdi, 8. Jal^sar, 8.lOri88a, 142.
Bnghowry, see Dang Makh6rf .
Bngi&l, 8. Eibul, 890, d 4.
Bdhatl, 8. Ohenhat (Jech) Dd4b, 8.
Labor, 822.
Bobtgorab, see Bhatbghora.
Bnkephala (city), 8. Labor, 824 d 1.
Bnkhnr, see Bhakkar.
Bulandi Kotal, see Balandari E.
Bolandsbabr {var, Balandsabar), (dis-
trict), 8. Dihli, 179 O 3, 284o 2.
Boldk-i Kimah, s. Eibol, 8. Kibnl,
406 o 1, 41L
Bnldki Najhio, s. Eibol, 8. Kibnl
406, 407 o 1, 411.
Bdmli, see Qdmli.
Bnnbohra, see Ban6hra.
Bnndelkband (district), 176 o 2, 211
ttl.
Bdndl, see Bondi.
Bnndi (territory), 268 u !•
Bnner, 8. Kibnl, 391 o 7.
Bnngally, see TinkalL
Bnnhar (river) 8. Labor, 815 o 1.
Bdran, see Bddan.
Bnrhinpur (town), 8. Ebandes, 228,
225,226,227,227^2.
Bnrkah Maniwali, s. Chakarhilah, S.
Mnltin, 841.
Bnrree, see Parbani.
Bdsah, see Pdsah.
Bdsikin (var. Bdstkin, Lnsigin), s.
8ewi8tan, 8. Mnltin, 840.
Bdsnab, see Postah.
Digitized by
Google
23
Bxistkinrsee Baenkin,
Byilfsi^ls. Baniras, S. Allahibid, 89,
162.
Byin Chang, see Banian Chang.
Cabal, see Kibul.
Calcutta (town), S.Bengal, 117 a 8,
126^1, UlD^.
Calcutta (vor. Kilikatta), s. Siitgaoy,
S. Bengal, 141.
Cambalu. (Kh4n B41igh) (city), 118,
tt3.
Cambay (gulf), 239 o 2, 241 d 2, 24h
a 6, 247 D 2.
Cambay (town), see Kambhiyat.
Capaldara (village), 150 u 1-
Carrapa, see Karpah.
Cashmir, see Kashmir.
Cathay (country), 118 o 2.
Cawnpore, (district), 176 a 2.
Ceylon, 371 o 6.
Chabrah, see Chhalera.
Chacholi, s. MiUi6r, S. Bar4r, 236.
Chidar («ir. Chiwar, Chaura, Chow-
ra, Jiwara) (village), S. Ajm^r, 268,
268 o 3.
Chiekdeo, see Chingdeo.
Chiel {var, J4el), s. Nigor, S. Ajmer,
102,277.
Chahat, see Jahat.
Chahni (JahniX ^ee Lakhi C.
Chai, s. Munghir, S. Bah4r, 155.
Chain-b4zu, see Jastan-b4zd.
Chainpur (tract), S. Ajmer, 268.
Chaintir, see Jesa.
Chakarhilah, s. Chakarhilah, S.
Tattah (Multan), 341.
Chakarhilah (Sirkir), S. Tattah (Mul-
t4n),341.
Chakesar {var, Jakesar), s. Jaunpur,
S. Allah4b4d, 89, 163.
Chakhki, (vor. Djezethi Jaghaki,
Jak^ki^ Jakhli, Jazethi), s.G4wil, S.
Bar4r,232.
Chakhliy see Chakhni.
Ohakhli, 8. Batiilah, S. Barir, 238.
Chakhli, a. Eherlah, S. Barir, 284.
Chakhni (var, Chakhli, Jugheli), s.
M4h6r, S. Barir, 236.
Chakhodi, s. Hin^iah, S. Milwah,
207.
Chakmani, s. Tirhut, S. Bahir, 156.
Ch41 Kalinah, s. N4mol, S. Agra, 97,
194.
Chal Kalanah (Dustdr), s. N4mol,
S. Agra, 97.
Chamir, see Jomir.
Chamiri, see Jamiri.
Chamirl, s. Bijagafh, S. Milwah, 205.
Chamba (Simla Hills), 803 u 1.
Chambal (river), 179, 195 ft 3, 250 o 1,
275.
Champinagari, s. Madiran, S. Bengal,
141.
Chimpdner, s. Chimpaner, S. Guja-
rat, 251, 251, ft 1, 256.
Chimpiner (fort), s. Gujarit, 221,
240, 240 fi 3, 242, 242 ft 14, 245 ft 1.
Chimpiner (Sirkir), S. Gujarit, 251,
251 ft 1, 256.
Champiner, s. Hindiah, S. M41wah,
207.
Ohampiran (Sirk4r), S. Bahir, 152,
155, 156 ft 1.
Champas (country), S. Kashmir, 851
ft2.
Chanadah (va/r, ^hanir, Chanidh)
(Sirkir) S. Allahibid 89, 160,
165.
Chanidah (suburbs), s. Chanidah, S.
Allahibid, 90, 165.
Chanidah (var. Chanir, Chinirh)
(fortress), S. Allah4b4d, 90 ft 1, 159.
Chanidh, see Chanidah.
Chanir, see Chanidah.
Chanifh, see Chanidah.
Chanaur, see Janor.
Chindi, see Turk Chindi.
Chindi, (zamindiri), S. Bar£r, 230,
232.
Chindah, s. Jaunpur,%S. Allah4b4d.
89, 163. ^
Chandandarak, see Ohandanwarak.
Digitized by
Google
Chandanwarak (t«r. ChandaabM^), '
s. Lahor, (Bachnaa Dd4b), S.
Labor, 110, 320.
Ohandanwat {fXMr- Chaniwat), s.
Hasarah (Rachnau Duib), S. Labor,
111, 320.
Obandar (stream), 310.
Cbandarbbiga, see Cbenab.
Obandar Ta^, see Gband Y4^r.
Cbandars see Gbandos.
Cbandiwirab, s. Cbampaner, S. Guja-
rat, 256.
Obanderi, s. Cbanderi, 8. M41wab,
179,196,196,202.
Obanderi, s. Kanauj, S. M41wab, 200.
Obanderi (Sirkar), S. Milwa, 112, 201,
Obandbar, see Dalcbi 0.
Obandibariya, see Jedibariya.
Obandipur Ba^bar (tH»r. Obandipur
Birhar), s. Jaunpur, S. AUabibid,
89,163.
Obandipdr Birbar, see 0. Ba^bar.
Ob4ndo (town), S. Tattab, 836.
Obandoi, s. Mnngbfr, S. Babir, 155.
Obindor, b. Batialab, S. Bu^r, 237.)
Obandor, s. Kalambb, S. Barar, 235.
Obindor, s. Madiknrug, S. Barar,
236.
Obindor, s. Namilab, S. Bar4r, 234.
Obind Fartib Bizii, s. Bazobi, 8.
Bengal, 138. ^
Obindpor, s. Kananj, S. Milwab, 200.
Obindpnr, s. Sambbal, S. Dibli, 105,
290.
Obindpur (Dastur), s. Sambbal, S.
8. Dibli, 105.
Obindpur, s. Sonargaon, S. Bengal,
138.
Obin^nr, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 130.
ObandoB( va/r. Obandaus), s. Kol, 8.
Agra, 97, 186.
Obandrin, s. Bdri Duab, 8. Labor,
316.
Obandrasekbara (place), 313 g 2 (14).
Obandrin, s. Mri Ddib, 8. Labor*
318. J[ [225.
Obindaar, sH^iniiea, 8. Kbkides,
Obandwir, see Obanlrir.
Obandwir, see Janwir.
Oband Ti^r {var. Obandar Yi<^r),
8. Sonargaov, 8. Bengal, 138.
Obanekdeon, see Obingdeo.
Obanend (tH»r. Obarband, Oberanend),
s. 84ran, 8. Babir, 156.
Obang, see Banian 0.
Obanga, see Bili Bbanga.
Obangaon, see Jabasand.
Obangdavy, see Obingdeo.
Obangdeo {var. Obiekdeo, Obanek-
deon, Obangdavy) (village), 8.
Shinde8,224.
Obini, see Hast Jate.
Obaniwat, see Obandanwat.
Obankar, see Ja^gar.
Obanki (var. Tbanld, Tbnngy, Lnn-
gbi, alias Balabri, or Sarbana), s.
Kumaon 8. Dibli, 289.
Oban6r, see Obitdr.
Obanpa, see Jai 0.
Obinpin^r, see Obimpin^r.
Obanpiwar, see Obadiwar.
Obantiwar, see Obatiiwar.
Obantban, (monastery), 8. Kibnl, 409
d3.
Obanwir {var. Obandwir, Janwir), s.
Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Obiprab (village), 223.
Obapranli, see Obbaproli,
Obaramiti (place), 8. Andb, 173.
Obaranli, s. Eballfatibid, 8. Bengal,
134
Obarband, see Obanen^-
Obar Bigb Barbi, s. Birl Ddib, 8.
Libor, 318.
Obargion, s. Babir, 8. Babir, 154.
Obarbii, s. Fat^bid, 8. Bengal, 132.
Obari Obampi {var, 0. JIni), s. Bacb-
nan Ddib, 8. Libor, 320.
Obari Jlni, see Obari Obampi.
Obarikir, 8. Eibnl, 400 o 1.
Obark {var. Djerk, Jerk), s. 8iriiind,
8. Dibli, 296.
Obarkb {var. Obarkb Beraki) (town),
8.Kibul,406.
Digitized by
Google
i5
Cluurkh Barftki, #00 Oharkh.
Chirmaghzir, S. Kk\mi, 400 ft 1.
Cbharmimdwi, s. Bahrooh, S. Gujarit*
255.
Charnlakhi, & Fat^bid, S. Bengal,
ld2.
Charofah {var. Jirodah), b. N6gor,
S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Chirsada (town), S. Kibnl, 411 0 1.
Chir Thinah, b. Bisim, S. Barir,
285.
Charthiwal, see Ohharthiwal.
Ohashmah, see Bidim C.
Chatah, see Jim^ C.
Chatarkot (hill), s. Kaslunfr, 358.
Chatarnig (spring), S. Kashmir, 365.
Chatgiov (vor. Ohittagong), (sirkiff),
8. BengeO* 130.
Ohitgaon, s. Ohifgaon, S. Bengal
139.
Ohitgion (town), S. Bengal, 116 ft 1,
125.
Chatiiwur (vor. Ohanpiwar, Ohanti-
war, Ohentower, Tsohetaur), s.
QwiMor, S. Agra, 187.
Chitsd (Dastdr), Banthambhdr, S.
Ajmer, 102.
Ohi^su, 8. Banthambhdr, S. Ajm^r,
lOfi, 275.
(Jhittola (place), 318 0 2 (U).
Chattirgrama (town), S. Bengal, 116
Ul.
Chatwi, s. Madiran, S. Bengal, 141.
Chaubira, s. Siran, S. Bahir, 156.
Ohanbis Kof s. Katak, S. Orissa, 144.
Chaokhandi, s. B4ri Ddib, S. Mnlt4n,
329.
Ohankhandi, s. Bechnin Ddib, S.
Mnltin, 330.
Ohankhandi, S. LiUior, 310.
Chanl (town), 248 ft 2.
Ohanli, b. Komion, S. Dihli, 289.
(^aunsi, see Chansi.
Chanpilrah (ferry), S. Eibnl, 401, 401
Chanparah (tract), b. Eandahir, 8.
lUbnl, 398 ft 2.
4
Chaupirah (village), 8. Lihor. 811.
Ohauplah, Ohaap41ah, aae Clhopilah.
Chaura, see Chidar.
Ohauri, s. B4rbak4bad, 8. Bengal,
137.
Ohaiir4, s. 86rath, 8. Gnjarit, 244,
258.
Chaurikah, s. Kanauj, 8. M41wah,
200.
Ohanrisi, see Fathpnr G.
OhanriBi, b. Chimpaner, 8. Gnjarit,
256.
Chaar4si, s. Jilandhar, 8. L4hor,
110, 316.
ChaoBi (vor. Ghaunsi), s. Ghisipur,
8. AUahibdd, 90, 151, 157, 162.
OhauBafh, s. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Ohautan, s. Bikiner, 8. Ajm^r, 278.
Ohauthan (conntry), 409 0 8.
Ohiwand, Me Ghar 0.
Ohiwaad, aeeBimO.
Ohiwar, see Oh4dar.
Oheghan 8ar4i (river), 392 0 2, 896 ft
6, 406, 406 ft 1.
Gheg^ian 8ar4i, 8. K4bal, 398» 898 ft 6.
Chela, see Jeth4.
Ohen4b (var. Ohandarbhiga) (river),
310, 310 ft 7, 811, 812, 820 ft 11, 821,
322, 322 ft 1, 826, 826 ft 2, 847, 385.
Chenhat (Ddib), see Jenhat.
Chenhat Dnib (|pr. Chenau Ddilb,
Jeoh Ddib, Jechna Ddib), (sirkir),
8. Lihor, 111, 311 ft 4, 821.
Cheniu Dd4b, see Chenhat Ddib.
Cheranend, see Chanend.
Chetan-bizd, see Jastin-bisd.
Chetia, Me Jetha.
Chhabarman, see Ohhabriman.
Chhabriman (t?ar. Chhabarman), b.
Kananj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
Chhiddiyi (Chhiddiya), b. Mat^idd-
ibid, 8. Bengal, 183.
Chhalidah, see Jhi^wah.
Chhalera {var, Chabrah), b. Ehalifata-
bid, 8. Bengal, 184k
Chhandiya Biad (tHi^^J^ya Bizd),
B. Birbakibid, 8. BengiO, 187.
Digitized by
Google
Chhap, 8^ Al Jihat.
Chapir, Me Pur Chhapir.
Chhipartil, s. Tajpur, S. Bengal, ld5.
Chhaproli {var. Chapranli), s. Dihli,
S. DihH, 105. 286.
Chharmandwi, s. Bahroch, S. Guja-
rat, 256.
Chharthawal (vnkr. Charthawal), s.
Saharanpur, S. Dihl!, 105, 29^.
Chhat (Ddab), see Jenhat.
Chhat, 8. Bari Ddal>, S. Lahor, 318.
Chhitighit, seeBiUr C.
Chhatalbhatah, see Chbatiapatia.
Chhatar, see Jhatra.
Chhatarpdr, see Jhatra.
Chhatiipatia (var. Chhatalbhatah)
(lake), 123.
Chhatrah, see Jhatra.
Chhatyipdr, see Chhitapdr.
Ohh^t, see K6pi C.
Ohhitdptir {var, Ghhatjrapur), s. dai-
ribad, S. Audh, 98, 177.
Chhokhandi, s. Sonirgaon, S. Bengal,
ld8.
Chho$i4har, s. Bachnau Daat, S.
Uhor, 320.
Chhotiptir, s. Sulaiminibid, 8. Beng-
al, 140.
Chibhin (Bhimbhar), s. Kashmir,
847.
Ohikhli, 8. Surat, I^Gujarit, 257.
Chilupirah, s. Gorakhpnr, S. Andh,
«3, 175.
Ohimah Chatah, see JImah Chatah.
Chin (Pegu), 119.
China (country), 118ft 2 A 8, 804, 811,
871 o 6.
Chinirh, see Chanidah.
Cbinor, s. Bamgarh, S. Barar, 287.
Chiriy4-Eot, s. Jaunpor, S. AUahi-
bad, 89, 1C8.
Chitor (Dastdr) S. Ajmer, 102.
Chitor (fort), S. Ajmer, 268, 269, 270.
Chitor (va/r. Chitor, Chandr), 8. Beth
Jilandhar, SJL4hor, 816.
Chitor (Birkar#S. Ajmer, 102, 261,
268. 968 uT^79.
Chitor, 8, Chitor, 8. Ajmer, 102. 274.
Chitore, see Jan6r, 189.
Chitral (Eashkar), 8. Swat, S. Eibnl,
891 0 2.
Chittagong. see Chi^g^ot^
Cbittagong (Hill Tracts), 117 u 3.
Chittagong (town and district), S.
Bengal. 116, 116 o 1» lld> HO U 3,
I 120, 125.
[ Chokh, 8. Sora^, S. Gujarat, 258.
Ch61! Mah^sar, s. Mando, S. M41wah,
I 206.
I Chopalah (var, Chauplah), s. Sam-
bhal. S. Dihli, 105, 290.
: Chopar, see Jomar.
Choprah, s. Dandes, S. Sb^ndes, 224^
225.
Cherwar, (var. Churiwar), s. N4ghar
(or Sorafh), S. Gujardt, 244, 247,
258.
Chdtili, 8. Jh&lwirah, S. Gajarit, 242.
Chowra, see Chidar.
Chumha, s. Sulaimanibad, S. Bengal,
140.
Chdngnadiya, s. Udner, S. Bengal.
180.
Chnrawar, see Chorw4r.
Chytunbazii, see Jastanbisii.
Clysma (town in Egypt), 121 o 8.
Corah, see Korarah.
Corra. see Korah.
Cossimbazar (town), S. Bengal, 120
U8.
Cutch, see Kachh.
Catch, gnlf of, S. Ghijarit, 245 a 5.
248 ol.
Cutch, Bunn of, S. Gujarat, 246 o 8.
Cuttack, see Katak.
Dabhirsi, 8. Sambhal, S. Dihlf, 105,
290.
Dabhat (var, Daihat), Tajpur, S.
Bengal, 135.
Dibhiw41ah, s. Bafilah, (or Barf
Ddab), S. Labor, 110, 818.
Dabh6i, s. Baroda, S. Gujirat, 25$.
Digitized by
Google
27
DabUnah, $ei Delioah.
Daooa (district), S. Bengal, 124 o 2.
Dacca (town), S. Bengal, 129 o 6.
Dachhin Khiwarah, s. Kashmir, S.
Kibnl, 371.
Daehhinpirah (Dakshinpirah), s.
Kashmir, S. K^bul, 368 q 3, 359,
350 0 2, 369, 378.
Di^ih, 8. Beth J41andhar, S. L&hor,
*816.
Dador, s. Bahir, S. Bahiir, 154.
Dadhpnr (fort), s. Jalesar, S. Onssa,
142.
Pa4^kar, s. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Dadgah, see Durgah.
^e4Ud (var, Da^yil), s. Jalandhar, S.
Lahor, 110,* 316.
Dadrah, s. Lakhnan, S. Audh, 93,
178.
Dadrak, eee Dirdak.
D4dri T^ha, s. Dihli, 8. ;Dihli, 104,
287.
Pafyil, $ee Da^Ul.
Dahi, see Dahid.
Dahad (var. Daha), s. BatiAlah, S.
B8rtir,238.
Bahiwar, see Dahiw^r.
Dahiwer, (tntr. Dahiwar), s. Bati^lah,
S. Barir, 288.
Dahdah, see Dhiwah.
Dahej Barhi (or B^rha), s. Bahroch,
S. Gnjarit, 255.
Whinah (village), s. Dihll. 8. Dihli,
286o2.
Dahkat Jal^lpdr, see Dahlat JaUlptir.
Dahlah, »ee Hararah D.
Dahlak (vor. Dahlak-el-Kablr), (island
in Red Sea), 121, 121 o 4.
Dahlat Jalilpnr {var. Dahkat J.), s.
Ma^modib^d, 8. Bengal, 138.
Dahlgaon, s. Lakhnante, 8. Bengal,
131.
Bfthmeri (Ndrpnr), s. B4ri Ddib, S.
Lahor, 318.
Dahnah, see Hasirah D.
Dahror. s. Tirhut, 8. BahAr, 166.
Dahsdr, see Mihdr.
Daihat, Me Dabhat.
Dakiri, see Dakisi.
Dakisi (vor.Dak^rf), s Ma^mddibid,
8. Bengal, 188.
Dikdd BlMii (wir. Dakdd Harlia), s.
Kotri Par4yah, 8. Malwah, 209.
Dikddharlia, see Dakdddhilia.
D&khamdn (village), s. Kashmir, 860.
Dakhan Dikh, s. Katak, 8. Orissa,
144.
Dakhan 8hiLhpar, s. Son£rg6on, 8.
Bengal, 188.
Dakhan IJfim&npur. s. Sonirgion, 8.
Bengal, 138.
Dal (lake), s. Kashmir, 360.
Dalchi Chindhar (Rachniu Ddib), s.
Dipalpur, 8. Mnltin, 333.
Dalmalpnr, s. Pdmiyah, 8. Bengal,
134.
I Dalmau, s. Manikpur, 8. Allahibid,
I 90, 165.
Damakddn, see Wankddn.
; Damiin, 8d6 Desht.
Daman (port), 8. Ghijarit, 239, 248.
D4man-i-Koh, s. El^bnl, 8. El^bnl,
406, 408 o 5, 409 0 2, 412.
Dimami (rar. Amarti, Amemi,
Amerti, Damami (town), 8. Khan-
des, 224.
Dambal, see Debal.
Damb&lah, see O^rh D.
Dambhii, see Danbhii.
Damghir {var. Maghilrkah) (pass), s.
8w4t, 8. Kibnl. 391, 391 o 6.
Dimi, see Tharchak D.
Dimni, {vtkr- Bimni), s. B4sim, 8,
Barir, 235.
Domodah, s. Kananj, 8. Milwah, 200.
Damri, s. Dindes, 8. H^indes, 225.
Danai. see GAthi Nadhi.
Danbhai {var, Dambhai), s. Kol, 8.
Agra, 97, 186.
Dan4 (8ntlai), river, 826, 826 o 2.
Dandan-Shikan (pass), 8. KAbul,
400 ttl. \
Dindera, s. Son^rgW.
138.
S- Bengal,
Digitized by
Google
96
Dindes (tfor. Sl^ndefl) (84)Bh),tt2-
227.
Dindes (SarUr), 8. B3iAnde8,.225.
Dftnfpaf, 000 Kalang D.
Dandroll b. Gw41ij4r, S. Agra, 187.
P4ii4 Sakhwirah, s. Mtingher, S.
Bahir,155.
Daneo, see Dinsa.
Danga» a«e Bile Bhanga.
Din Oari 8. Sind Sagar Ddib, S.
Uhor, 828.
Dingdafah, Me Darang Darah.
Dingdoi, $$e Wank Dun.
Dangdun, see Wank Don.
Ding Makhori {va/r. D. Makreri, D.
Bughowry), s. Mandlier, S. Agra,
190.
Dingri s. Dindes, S. E];Lande8, 225.
Dinishkol (pass), s. Bajanr, S. Kibol,
898.
Diniyi, s. Khalifatibid, S. Bengal,
184.
Dink, 8. S6rath, S. Gujarit, 258.
Dankari (va/r. Dekri), 8. Tattah, S*
(Maltin), 840.
Dankanr, eee Dankor.
Dankor (var. Dankanr), a. Dihlf, S.
Dilili,104,2Bio2,287.
Danseo, eee Dinsii.
Danwir, 8. Bohtas, S.Bahir, 157.
Darak (var. Dorg), ^ Tattah, (Mnl-
tin),840.
Darang Darah (var. DingdafUi), b.
Jhilwirah, 8. Onjarit, 242.
Darband, b. Sindh 8£gar Diab, S.
Lihor,824.
Darbelah, b. Bhakkar, 8. Mnltin,
884.
Darbhingi, b. Tirhnt, 8. Bahir, 156.
Dird (var. Dirdd) (oonntry), 851 u ^f
865.
Dirdak (var. Didrak), s. Jilandhar,
6.Lihor,110,816.
DardhI, B. Beth Jilandhar, 8. Lihor,
816. S
Dirdi, Mee JHrd^
Dargd, $e$ lalimpnr D.
Darkarah, a. Eaoaaj, 8. ICihrah, 200.
Darodah Digar, eee Darwah DfgMr.
Darparah, s. Beth Jilandhar, 8.
Lihor, 816.
Darning (dlBtrict), 119 o Z.
Darsanpirah, a. Udner, 8. Bengal*
180.
Daraarak, a. Lakhnanti, 8. Bengal,
181.
Darwah Dekar, eee Darwah Digar.
Darwah Dfgar (var. Darwah Dakar,
Darodah Digar), a. Birl Diib, a
Lihor, 818.
Darwisah, see Ehir D.
Daryibid, a. Audh, 8. Andh, 98,174.
Daryipira (var. Dhnriapirah), a.
Gorakhpor, 8. Audh, 98, 175.
Daryipnr, a. Giwil, 8. Barir, 282.
Daakhidiya Biad, a. Bazohi, 8. Ben-
gal, 188
Dianah, a. Dihlf, 8. Dilhi, 104 287.
Diud Bhandil Barhi, a. Baohnau
Ddib, 8. Lihor, 820.
Diddpnr, a. Birbakibid, 8. Bengal*
187.
Didd Shihf, a. XJdner, 8. Bengal,
130.
Daulatibid (town), 8. Sbtodea, 228
Daulatibid, a. Bachnan Ddib^ 8.
Lihor, 820.
Danlatpur, a. Bachnan Ddib, 8.
Lihor, 820.
Danr (airkir), 8. Eibnl, 898, 891, o
2.
Daurihah (var. Dudhinah), i. GhaB^
deri, 8. Milwah, 202.
Diwar, eee Zamin D.
Diwar 8horbhdm, (var. Birah,
Tarah), a. Jaleaar, 8. GriBsa, 142.
Debal (var. Dambal) (town), 8. Mnl-
tin, 827 d 1.
Debal (Tattha), town, a. Tattba, 8.
Mnltin, 887, 887 o 1* 844, 845 a 1.
Deccan (Dakhin), country, 196» S(U»
218, 215, 215 1^ 2, 216, 218, 220, 227.
227oa|Sm,289,289o7,260 o %
Digitized by
Google
Uh i68, 905, a06 0 % 306, 81S, 886.
402||d.
Degun (port), S« Gtijftrit, 248 o 4-
Degai, s. Saran, 8. Bahar, 156.
Dehala, a«e Dhimilah.
Dehbi {var. Dihbi, Dihma), s. Qhizi-
pur, S. AUahibad, 90, 163.
Dehej (port), 8. Gujarit, 248 o 4*
Deh-i-Ma*inurah, 8. Kibol, 404.
Deh'i-Ya'^tLb, 8. Eibnl, 404.
Dehli, see Dibli.
Dehor, see Dhamdri.
Dekha, a. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal, 187.
Dekhwirah, s. Baisin, 8. Milwah,
112,199.
Dekri, Me Dankari.
Delanah (vor. Dablinah), a. Rantham-
bor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Delhi, 966 Dihli.
Delhwarah {var. Delw4rah), s. Ban-
thambhdr, 8. Ajm^r, 102, 275. I
Delwirah, Me Delhwirah.
Delwirah, s. N4ghar, 8. Gnjarit,
244
Den^winah, s. Nigor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Deo, 966 Faf^n Deo.
Deoband, s. Sahiranpnr, 8. Dihli,
105, 292.
Deoband (dastdr), s. Sahiranpnr, 8.
Dihlf, 105.
Deogaon, s. Ajm^r, 8. Ajm^r, 102,
278.
Deogiov, e. Ohifgaop, 8. Bengal,
189.
Deogion, s. Jannpnr, 8. Allahabad,
89,168.
Deogaon, s. Eananj, 8. Milwah, 200.
Dttogarh, B. Kanauj, 8. Malwah, 200,
805 a 2.
Deofai, B. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
Deohir, s. Eananj, 8. M41wah, 200.
De<^iari KaUn, b. Ohanderi, 8. Mil-
wah,202.
Deohari Khdrd, b. Cftianderf, 8. UH-
wah,202.
Beokali, b. K41pf , 8. Agra. 97, 184.
DeoU Ghita, 966 Deola Khafii.
Deoli Ketama, Me DeoU Khafii.
DeoU Solatia, (var. D. Ghita, D. Ke-
tam4), 8. Bijigarh, S. Milwah, 205.
Deola Narhar, s. Bijagarb, 8. Mal-
wah, 205.
Deol! 8ajilri, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
191.
Deora, s. Ma^udibid, 8. Bengal,
188.
Deora, s. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal, 187.
Deorah, s. Sambhal, S. Dihli, 105,
290.
Deorakh, b. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 98,
178.
Deoranah, s. Sirhind, 8. Dihlf, 105^
296. [199.
Deorod, b. Baisin, 8. Malwah, 112,
Deosah, s. Haibatpur, 8. Lihor, 110.
Deothinah, b. Kherlah, 8. Bar&r, 284.
Deotir, (Ddib Bet Jilandhar), b.
Dipilpnr, 8. Multin, 882.
Dera Ghizi Khin (diBtriot), 402 o 8.
Dera Ghasi Khan (town), 828 o 1*
Dera Isma'il Kh4n (district), 402 o 8.
Der4pnr, s. Kilpi, 8. Agra, 97, 184
Desht {or Dam4n or Bizir), b. Kanda-
hir, 898 0 2.
Desdhah, see Deswahah.
DeBwahah (va/r, Deedhah), b. Jilan-
dhar, 8. Labor, llo, 816.
Deviya, b. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal, 181.
Deviyipur, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 180.
DevBar, b. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 868,
869.
Dew^dar, s. Bikiner, 8. Ajmer, 278.
Dewalgaon, b. Mahkar, 8. Barir, 228,
237!
Dewapirah (tnir. Dh^wipira), s. Go-
rakhpur, 8. Audh, 98, 175.
Dewis, B. Hinfiah, S. Malwah, 207.
Dewi, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 98, 178.
Dhaboi, s. Baroda, 8. Gujarat, 255.
Dhaclah, see Dhimilali^
Dhihrdr; see Dh4ntr6r>\
l^iajar Banjf, see H«8P Banjah
> Banji.
Digitized by
Google
•0
Dhaki Bisd, s. Bazohi, S.Bengal,
* 138.
Dhakah (vor. Dhikah), s. Sambhal,
S.Dihli, 106^0.
Dhakner, s. Bahir, S. Bah4r, 154.
Dhakwir, s. Telinginah, S. Barir,
287.
Dhaliyipdr, s. Sitgion, S. Bengal,
141.
DhamerA, s. Kanauj, S. Milwah, 200.
Dhimeri, s. Kanauj, S. MAlwah, 200.
Dhimilah (va/r. Dhaclah, Dehala), s.
Bay4nw4n, S. Agra, 189.
Dhinmagar (fort), s. Bhadrak, S.
Orissa, 148.
Dh4mn6d, »ee Dhanfo6d.
Dhimonf (var. Dhamot!, Dhamowty),
8. Baisin, S. Milwah, 112, 199.
Dhimorl, s. GiwU. S. Barir, 282.
Dham6ri (var» Dehor), s. Sdrat, S.
Gujarit, 257.
Dhimoti see Dhiimdni.
Dhimowty, see Dh4m6ni.
Dhanah, see Nabih.
Dhinah, (village), s. Dihli, S. Dihli,
286.
Dhinak, 8. Bighelah, S. Gajarit,
244.
Dhanak Shih (vcyr. DhanshAh), s.
Dip41par, (B6t J^landhar Ddib),
S.Multan, 882. •
Dhinbod (var. Dhimnod), S. Gbdhra,
S. Gajarit, 258.
Dhandok, s. A^madibid, S. Gujirat,
258.
Dhiniah (var, Dhaniyah), s. Baisin,
8. Milwah, 112, 199.
Dhiniyah, see Dhiniah. •
Dhaniyin, s. Sharifibid, S. Benga],
189.
Dhaniyit, see Fati Dhinit.
Dhankali 8. Beth Jilandhar, S. Lihor,
816.
s.M4b^i
Sagar Brift, 8. Lihor, 828^ 898,
0 2, 401, 401 0. 2.
Dhinki, s. Mib^r, 8. Barir, 236.
Dhankot (vM, Dinkot), a. Sind
, Dhanpar, s. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal,
181.
Dhansar, 8. Jhilwin^ 8. Gujarat,
242.
Dhanshih, see Dhanak 8hih.
Dhintror (var. Dhihr6r), s. 86n4h,
8. Gnjarit. 258.
Dhir (frontier), 8. Gujirat, 244 o. 1.
Dhir (Town), 197.
Dhir, 8. Mando, 8. Milwah, 112,
206.
Dhari, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Dharib, s. 8indh 8igar Diib, 8.
Lihor, 824.
Dharangio^ (village), 8. Qiindes,
228.
Dharari, see Gari Dhari.
Dhirhi (var. Dhiri, Sankudhwr),
8. Ba^h^lah, 8. Gnjarit, 244.
Dhiri, see Dhirhi.
Dhari, s. Banthambh6r, 8. Ajm^r,
102, 275.
Dhiri, s. Sorafh, 8. Gujarit, 258.
Dhirman, 8. Birbakibid, 8. Bengal
187.
Dharmgio^, 8. Mando, 8. Milwah,
112, 207.
Dharmpur, s. Mungher, 8. Bahir
155.
Dhiror, s. Namilah, 8. Barir, 284
Dhirsah, 8. 8ulaiminibid, 8. Bengid,
140.
Dhirwah, s. Mihor, 8. Barir, 286.
Dharwir, 8. 86rath, 8. Gujarit, 258.
Dhitarat, s. Hifir Fir6zah, 8. Dihlf.
294.
Dhaulatibid, s. 86rath, 8. Gujarit,
258.
Dhiwah, 8. (var. Dahdah), 8. Udner,
8. Bengal, 180.
Dhendi, 8. Namilah, 8. Barir, 284.
Dheri, see Lohi D.
Dherpur, 8. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal,
182.
Dh^wipira, see Dewipirah.
Dhf nit, see Pati D.
Dhoir, 966 Kol p. ;
Digitized by
Google
81
Dhod, & Cbimpaner, S. Gnjarit, 2^.
Dhol, s. Ghampaner, S. Gujarit, 256.
Dholkah, s. A^madib&d, S. Gajarit,
253.
Dholpur, 8. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Dhomarhii), s. Ma^udib&d, S.
Bengal, 133.
Dhds, see Dhds.
Dhotah. 8. Sirhind, S. Dihl£, 105,
296.
Dhdlhar, s. Jhalwirah, S. Gujarit,
242.
Dhdli, 8. Mahmddibid, S. Bengal,
183.
DhoUa (town), S. Milwah, 208 g 2.
Dhnriapirah, see Darjipirah.
Dhds (var. Dhos) s. Chunir, S. Alla-
hiibid, 90, 165.
Dib, see Diu.
Digar, see Darwah D.
Dihat, $ee Shanzdah D.
Dih4t-!n-j4nib-i-£b, s. Ohanidih, S.
Allahibid, 165.
Dihba, see Dehba.
Dihikot, 8. Lakhnauti, S. Bengal, 131*
Dlhh (var, Delhi, Dehli, DiUi) S.
DihH, 147, 148, 149, 159, 159 » 2, 168,
169, 170, 179, 181, 212, 218,
217 a 2, 218, 218 u 2, 219, 220, 226,
260 o 1» 262, 263, 264, 266, 267, 269,
270, 271 0 7, 278, 278 a 8 <fe 5, 279,
279 0 2, 283, 287, 300, 800 a 1,
802, 802 a 1, 808 a 1. 304, 804 a li
805, 805 a 2, 806, 307, 809, 846,
888, 888 a 1.
Dihlf (dastdr), s. Dihll, S. Dehlf, 104-
Dihll (Havelf Jadid), s. Dihlf, S.
Dihll, 287.
DihU, (Haveli JfAdim), s. Dihll, S.
Dihll, 287.
DihH (Sirkir), S. Dihli, 104, 160, 285.
Dihli (sdbah), 104, 115, 120, 146, 160,
267, 269, 278-309, 835, 341 a 1, 389,
889 a 1. 390.
Dihmah, see Dehb^.
DIkh, see Dakhan D.
Dikh, see Faohohham D.
DIkhp see Purab D.
Dikht4n, see Dikfhan.
Dikfhin (var. Dikhtin), s. Mando, S.
Milwah, 112, 207.
Diliwarah, s. Chimpaner, S. CKija-
rit, 256.
DiUwarpur, s. SonArgaon, 8. Bengal,
138.
DiUwarpur, s. T4jpur, S.Bengal, 135.
Dilli, see Dihli.
Dilura (ruins), 8. Tattah, 886 a 4.
Dinir (var. Dinirah), s. Eohtis, S.
Bahir, 157.
Dinkot, see Dhankot.
Dinpanah (fort), 8. Dihli, 279.
Dinsd (var. Daneo, Danseo), s. Kash-
mir, 8. Kabul, 871.
Dipilpur (vc^r. D. Lakhi), s. Dipilpor
(Beth Jalandhar Dd4b}, 8. Multan,
118, 305, 332.
Dipilpur (Dastdr), s. Dipdlpur, 8.
Multin, 113.
Dipdlpur (sirkir), 8. Mult4n, 113,
218 a 2, 267, 807, 831.
Dipilpur, 8. Ujjain, s. Milwah, 112,
198.
Disah, see Wisah.
Diu (var. DIb), s, Nighar, 8. Gujarit,
244, 244 a 5, 246, 246 a 2, 265.
Diw41ah, see Gafh D.
Diwir, see Bhikan, D.
Diwarmar, see BaAki D.
Diwarpur, see Basai D.
Djalnahar, see Jhimihar.
Djezethi, see Chakhki.
Djuhola, see Johila.
Do4b, see Dnih.
Dobal^han, see B6ri D.
Dodelah (var Dddllah) s. 8ambhal, 8,
Dihli, 105, 290.
Dohir, 8. 8onirg6on, 8. Bengal, 188.
D6k6y (village DeogamP), s. Bahraich,
8. Audh, 172.
Don^l (river), 8. Gujarit, 248.
Donk, see PachchhanL D.
Donpur, (var Ddnp«, s. Nigor, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 277. V»
Digitized by
Google
82
Dootara, a«e Dotiri.
Dorilah, s. Sirhind, S. DihH, 106, 296.
Dori (riyer), s. Kandahar, 394 o- ^
Doshikh, S. Kibal, 400 o- 1-
Doehiniya, see Dostihni.
Dostihna (var Doshiniya), s. Ma^d-
dabid, 8. Bengal, 133.
Dostpur (Kary4t) b. Jaanpnr, S.
Allahabad, 89, 164.
Dot4r4 (var. Ddn4r4, Ddt4r4, Dootara).
B. Jodhpnr, S. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Drabogim (town), s. Kashmir, 368 o.
1.
Duib, see Biri D.
Dnib, see Bet Jilandhar D.
Da4b, see Ohenhat D.
Dii4b, see Baohnan D.
Doib, see Sind S4gar D.
Dnab (Jamnah-C^anges), 287, q. 2.
Ddb Jikar, s. Chanderi, S. M41wah,
202.
Dddganga (river), a. Kashmir, 365 g.
1-
Dadh4nah, see Daurihah.
Dddilah, see Dodelah.
Dndiydl {va/r, Dndwil), s. Jeoh Dd4b.
S. Labor, 322.
Dndwil, see Dadiy41.
Dddwat, B. Sindh Sigar Dd4b, 8.
L4hor, 324.
Dugichhi (var, Dnrffichi), s. Udner,
S. Bengal, 130.
Dokah, see Durgah.
Duki, 8. Kandahir, 8. K4bnl, 397, 897
U.l.
Ddkrio, see Muhammad Biri D.
Dulkabir, see Dahlak.
Dnmbilah, Me (j^r^ D4mb4lah.
Ddniri, see Dotiri.
Ddngar (port), Gnjarit, 259.
Ddngar, s. Kalamb, 8. Barir, 235.
Ddngar, s. 86rath, 8. Gujarit, 258,
Ddngarolah, s. Kananj, 8. Milwah,
200. J
Ddngaarpnr, S^jarit, 260 u 2, 251,
266 ft. 4. •^
Ddngarpdr, s. 8ir<^f , 8. Ajm4r, 276.
Ddngrf , s. Mandlder, 8. Agra, 190.
Ddnnigor, s. Beth Jilandhar, 8.
Uhor, 316.
Ddnpdr, see D6npdr.
Durg, see Darak.
Dorgichi, see Dugichhl.
Durgah (var. Dadgah, Dukah), 8.
Kherlah, 8. Barir, 288.
Durlabahpur, s. Mahmddpur, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Ddt (fort) s. Jalesar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Dat4r4, see Dot4r4.
Dwirahkot, s. Kumion, 8. Dihll, 289.
Dwarka, see Daman.
Dwirki, see Jagat.
Dwirka (town), 8. Ghijirat, 246 q. 5,
280 0.1.
E
Edar (Ildrug) s. Atonadibid, 8.
Gnjarit, 289, 289 o. 8, 241, 262, 271.
Bgyp* (country), 403.
EicUii (var, Aichhi, Enchhi), s.
Karrah. 8. AUihabid, 90, 167.
Elichpur (town), 8. Barir, 229.
BlUchpur, 8. Giwil, 8. Barir, 282.
EUora (oaves), 305 o 2.
Bnohhi, see Eichhf.
BndriotI (oar. Indraoti), s. Jodhpnr,
8. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Bnf, see Ini.
Eraj, see Irij.
Bran, s. Chanderi, 8. Milwa, 20L
Bti4a (oar Afida), s. Banthambhor,
8. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Btiwah, 8. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 182, 809
U.8.
Bthiopia (country), 121.
Europe, 240.
r
Fakbrpur, s. Bhariich, 8. Audh, 98,
176.
Farah (town), 8. Kandahir, 893, 898
0.3.
Farisatghar, 8. Sitgio^, 8. Bengid,
140.
Digitized by
Google
38
Targhinah (country), 220, ft 6, 408 a-
4.
IVir^tpur, 8. Mahmiidab&d, S.
Bengal, 133.
Parida (Thina F.), s. Kol, S. Agra,
97, 186.
Farfk, see Hazarah ipirlak.
Parmul, s. Kabul, S. Kabul, 398 ft.
6. 399, 401, 401, ». 2, 407, o- 4, 412.
Farmdl (river), S. Kibul, 398, a. 6.
Firs (country), 385.
Faryadabad, s. Dipilpur (Rachnau
Ddab), S. Multan, 333.
Fatehpdr (District), 167 ft. 1, 176 ft. 2.
Patehpur Kdlauri, (var, F. Kanauri),
8. Sindh S4gar Ddib, S. Labor,
324.
Fatehpdr Kanauri, see Fate^pur
Kilauri.
Fat^bid, s. Fat^bid, S. Bengal,
132.
Fatbabid (Sirkar), S. Bengal. 132,
340 ft. 3.
Fat^bid, s. Hi9ar Firdzab, S. Dibll,
105, 295.
Fat^ Bagb, see Bigb F.
Fat^ban, see Barodab F.
Fat^pur, 8. Bbakkar, S. Multin, 334.
Fat^pdr s. Gborigbit, S. Bengal, 136.
Fat^pur, 8. Lakbnau, S. Audb, 93,
178.
Fat^pdr, S. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal, 132.
Fat^pdr, s. Multin (B^t J^landhar
Ddab), S. Multan, 329, 331.
Fat^pur, 8. Satgaon, S. Bengal, 141.
Fatipur. 8. Sirbind, 8. Dibli, 105.
296.
Fat^pur Bbaiya, s. Bobtas, S. Babir,
157.
Fat^^pur Cbaurisl, s. Lakbnau, S.
Audb, 94, 178.
Fat^pur Hanswab, s. Karrab, S.
Allabibid 90, 168.
Fat^pdr Jbanjmdn, {va/r, F. Jabnjdn),
8. Nigor, S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Fat^pur Mongarta, (va/r, F. Mdn-
garta, Mongota, Mungrina, Mewn-
5
gowneb), s. Tijirab, S. Agra, 96,
193.
Fat^pur Noseka, 8. Ma^ddibid,
S. Bengal, 133.
Fat^pur Sikri, s. Agra, S. Agra,
96, 180, 183.
Fatti Singb, s. Sbarlf^bad, S.Bengal,
140.
Fattd Bbandil Barbi, s. Bachniu,
Ddib, S. L^or, 32L
FauUd Sbibi see Bdza F. S.
FazUbid, s. Baobnau Dd4b, S. Libor,
321.
Ferozabad, 8. Agra, 183 ft. 3.
Firozab, see Hisiur F.
Firozkob (town), 302.
Firozpur, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 180.
Firdz^bid, s. Bbariicb, 8. Audb, 98,
176.
Firdzibid (town), 8. Dibli, 279.
Firuzpur, s. Dep41pur (Birdn-i-
Panjnad), 8. Multin, 383.
Firdzpur, s. Haibatpur, 8. Libor,
110. 326, 326 ft. 2.
Firdzpur, s. Tijdrab, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Fortunate Islands, 327 ft. 2, 403 ft. 3.
Fukrtibdd, s. Tirbut, 8. Babir, 167.
Gabri, 8. Kabul, 401 ft 8.
GfMlarpdrab, see G-dlarpur.
Ga^ba (vUlage), 8. Babir, 150.
Ga4bi (town), 8. Babir, 149.
Gadbsar, see Garbsanab.
Gfb^w^rab, see Kadind.
Ga^warab, s. Jaunpur, 8. AUababad,
164.
Gagndpdr, s. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa, 143.
Gigron {var, K4kron), s. Gigron, 8.
Milwab, 112, 209.
Gagron (sarkir), 8. Milwab, 209.
Gain, see Barab G.
Gakkbar (country), 347.
Gilnab {var, Jilnab) Jdistrict), 8.
^andes,222. %
Galongara (8utlej and^i^b rivers).
326 ft 2.
Digitized by
Google
34
Oanih (vor. Kenih), s. Ghanderi, S.
Milwah, 202.
Gkknaur, see Gronor.
Ganaur, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 287.
Gandamak, S. Kabul, 405 o 8.
Gandiur, see Ghmdor.
Gandivd, see Kach.
G^n^ba (var. Gafba), a. Gbazipur, S.
AUababid, 90, 162.
Gandbir, s. Babrocb, S. Gujarit, 255.
Gandbiira (country), 404 o 6.
Gandbor, see Gidbanr.
G^ndolna, see Kandolni.
Gtuidor (var. Gand^ur), s. Sambbal,
S. Dibli, 105, 290.
G^ngk, see Badner Eanka.
Ganga, see Kiaban G.
Gangab (spring), S. Gujarit, 239.
Gangalpur, s. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal,
181.
Gangapat s. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal,
181.
Gangeri, s. Kol, S. Agra, 97, 186.
Ganger Kbera (vo/r, Gang^ru Kbera),
8. Dibli, S. Dibli, 104, 288.
G^ng^s, see Kbok^s.
Ganges (river), 116 u 1, 120, 120 u 5,
150, 151, 151 a 1, 152, 157, 158, 159,
161, 165, 167, 168, 169, 185, 186, 224,
228, 230 tt 1, 247, 250 b 1, 271, 278,
287, 288, 291. •
Gang Gautami, see Godiveri.
Gangnapur, s. Jalesar, S. Orissa, 142,
Gangob (var, (jkmgwab), s. Sabarin-
pur, S. Dibli, 105, 292.
Gtingot, s. Betb Jilandbar, S. Labor,
317.
Gangrir, s. Kotri Parayab, S. Mil-
wab, 209.
Gangwab, see Gangob.
Ganj (aMas Jakdal), s. Barbakiibid, S.
Bengal, 137.
Ganj Siikbmila, s. Gborigbit, S.
Bengal, 1^.
Gtuijdri of^Latjuri (river), 127.
(HnkaraHff. XJdner, S. Bengal 130.
Gantnil, see Eanbtal.
Gion, see Unobab G.
Garanjijab (va/r, Eerejirab), s. Chan-
deri, S. Milwab, 202.
Gar band wal (var. G^bindwil), s. La-
bor (Racbnau Ddab), S. Labor, 110,
321.
Gardez, s. K^bul, S. Eibol, 407, 407
a 2 & 4, 412.
(jktrdban, see Karoban.
Gardi s. Sonirga^, S. Bengal, 139.
Garb, S. M^wab, 229.
(jkb^ba, see Gan^bi.
(jkbfba (Haveli), s. Kanauj, S. Mil-
wab, 200.
Garba (Mimdla), S. Milwab. 195, 196.
Gtifb Ametbi, see Ambbati.
Garban4 (var. G^yamand), s. Lakb-
nauti, S. Bengal, 131.
Garb DumbiUab (var. Garb Diwalah),
s. Betb Jalandbar, 8. Libor, 317.
Garb Diw&lab, see Gt^fb Dambdlah.
Garbi, (Teliagarbi), pass, S. Bengal,
116.
Garbi, s. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal, 131.
Garbiya, s. GborigbAt, S.Bengal, 186.
Garb Muktesar, s. Dibli, S. DihH,
104, 287.
Garbsanab (var. Garsind, (^adbsar),
8. Hijipur, S. Babir, 155.
Gkiri, see Din G.
GJariidbir, s. Sorafb, S. Gujarit, 258.
Garidbiri (var. Karari Dbarari,
Gauridbar), s. Sorafb, S. Gujarit,
258.
Garkot, see Kotgir.
(jkbrmsir (tract), s. Kandabir, S.
Kibul, 394, 396, 398.
Garoli, s. Mibor, S. Barir, 236.
(Harrow (country), 124 a 6.
(3kbrsind, see Garbsanab.
Garsu, see Eadsu.
Garvar, see Karor.
GUtbi Nadbf (var. Gitbi Danii, s.
Sonirgao^i S. Bengal, 189.
Gatral, see Ea^btil.
Gkluda, seeJUK&ud&sL
Gkkur, see Lakbnauti.
Digitized by
Google
85
Gftur (town), S. Bengal, 122, 123 © 1,
129 B 6, 147, 371 o 6.
Gaorf, fee GWri.
Ganridhar, see Garidhari.
GautniU, see Ka^hfil.
Gawi, see Ko^ah.
Gawirchah (var. Gawirchak), s.
Andh, S. Audh, 98, 174.
Gawirchak, see Gawirchah.
Giwil (sirkir), S.Barir, 232.
Gawilgarh (fort), 8. Barir, 228, 228 o
3, 229, 238 a 4.
(Jaya, 8. Bahir, 8. Bahir, 162, 164.
231.
Gaya, (var, Bishan G*yi), S. Barir,
230.
Gfkji (var, Bndra Gayi), S. Bijipur,
231.
Gayipur, s. Ghorighit, 8. Bengal,
136.
Gkkzar Saray (town), 8. Mnltan, 326 o
1.
Gkfran, see Kh^ran.
Geyran, see Kh^ran.
Ghaggar (river), 8. Dihli, 246 al 3,
278, 294, 296, 330 a 2.
Ghagar (river), 8. Audh, see Gogra.
Ghakkar (fortress), 323 q 6.
Ghalu Kh4rah (ww. Khelu Khirah),
8. Multin, 8. Multin, 329.
Ghandak (river), 160, 150 ». 4.
Ghandhir (port), 8. Gujarit, 248, 243
a. 4.
Ghandewi^ s. 8urat, 8. Gujarit, 267.
Ghara, 166 a- 2.
Ghar Chiwand, s. Tirhat, 8. Bahir,
167.
Ghari, see Kari.
Gharibriwan, see Ghurbatriwan.
Gh4r.i-8h4h(cave) 8. Kandahir, 394.
Gharjinah, see Kharjinah.
Gharjist4n (country), 393, 414.
Ghis^rah, see Karherah.
Ghitampur, 8. Korah, 8. Allahibid,
90, 167.
Ghitampur, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh,
98,179.
Ghitisieri, see E^inibanieri.
Ghiti, see Hit G.
Ghiti, see Hawil G.
Ghiti, 8. Gigron, 8. Milwah, 209.
Ghitisir, s. Bahir, 8. Bahir, 164.
Ghitnagar, s. Ghorighit, 8. Bengal,
136.
Ghatripil, see Kherihit.
Ghits, Eastern, 126 g. 1.
Ghit 8aera, see Keini Baniera.
Ghit 8eov (var. Ghit Sudin), s.
Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Ghaus, see Ghosi.
Ghawisan (va/r. Ghawis), s. Bet
Jilandhar Duib, 8. Labor, 317.
Ghizi Khin, see Bel G. K.
Ghizipdr, see Majlol G.
GhiEipur, s. Chakarhilah, 8. Tattah
(Maltin), 341.
Ghizfpur (Haveli), s. Ghizlpur, 8.
Allahabad, 90, 162.
Ghazipur (sirkir), 8. AUahibid, 90,
160, 162.
Ghizipur, s. Lihor, 8. Lihor, 110.
Ghazna, see Ghazni.
Ghaznah, see Ghazni.
Ghazni (or Zabdlistin) (var. Ghazna,
Ghaznah, Ghaznin), s. Kibul, 8.
Kibul, 115 0 3, 158, 172 a- h 212,
217. 263, 263 a 1, 281 n 4, 302, 303,
336, 347, 393, 39^ n. 6, 402, 407 n.
4, 408, 408, n. 1, 408, n. 2, 412, 414.
Ghaznin see Ghazni.
Ghaznipdr, s. Ma^mddibid, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Gheb (var. Khet, Khes, Khep), s.
8ind 8igar Ddib, 8. Labor, 324.
Ghelot, 8. Bewiri, 8. Dihli, 106, 298.
Gh6r, see Biri Gh^r.
Gheswah (t?cir. Ghiswah), s. Jaunpdr,
8. AUahibid, 89, 164.
Ghiaspur, a. Bahir, 8. Bahir, 164.
Ghiswah, see Gheswah.
Ghita, see Deoli Khatia.
Ghiyispur, s. Lakhnaut^8. Bengal,
131. V [208.
Ghiyigpur, s. Mandesar, 87 Milwah,
Digitized by
Google
B6
Ghogah (var* Gogo), s. Sorath, S.
Gujarit, 241, 244, 247, 247, n. 2, 268-
Ghoghowil, 8ee Khokhow^.
Ghogri, see Aukhri.
Ghor (country), 893, 393 o 3, 396. 399,
403 0 2, 413.
Ghorighit, aee Bin. G.
Ghorighit (airkih'), S. Bengal, 123,
135.
Ghorband, s. Kibul, S. Kibnl, 409, 412.
Ghorband (vaUey), S. Kibul, 400, 400
0 1, 409 0 1.
Ghori,8.K4bul,400ol.
Ghosf {var. Ghaus), s. Gorakhpur, S.
Audh, 93, 176.
Ghosi, 8. Jaunpur, S. Allahib^ 89,
164.
Ghosi, s. Kotri Parayah, S. Milwah,
209.
Ghumli, see Gdmli.
Ghurbatriwan (t?ar. Ghar!br4wan), a.
Biri Doib, S. Labor, 819.
Gidbaur (var, Gundbor, Kon^dbu-
pour), B. Babir, S. BabiLr, 164.
Gilgit (country), 849.
Gilgit (pass), s. Kasbmir, 8. Kibul^
866.
Gir (tract), S. Gujarit, 245.
Girdpadai, «ee Karonda.
Girjhak, «ee Kirjbik.
Girnil (fort), s. ^oratb, S. Gujardt,
245, 245 u 2.
Girnir (country), S. Gujarit, 268 n 7.
Girnl (river), S. EWndes, 228, 224.
Gobi (desert), 365 o 8.
Gobinda, v<ir. Kosada, s. Sulaimind-
bid, S. Bengal, 140.
Gobindpur Akhand, s. Gbordgbit, S.
Bengal, 186.
Gobindpur, s. Birbakibdd, S. Bengal,
137.
G^bindw^, aee GktrbandwAl.
Godivari, 813 n 2, (40).
Godiveri (ww. Gang Gautami) (river),
228,228ote
Qodhri, 8. GAhri, S. Gujarat, 268.
Godhri (sfikr), 8. Gajarit, 267.
Godi or Gumti (river), 8. Audh, 171,
172.
Gogbra, s. T4jpur, 8. Bengal, 186.
Gogo, aee Ghogab.
Grogra, var, Ghaghar (river), 171, 305.
G^hinah, s. Hi^ir Firuzah, 8. Dihli,
105, 295.
GohiUiab (dastur), s. Hi^ Firuzah,
S. Dihli, 106.
Gohelwdrab (sirk4r), S, Gujarit, 244.
Goiamend, «ee Garban^.
Gokal, 8. Gborighat, S. Bengal, 186.
Gokanpird, s. Ghorigbit, s. Bengal,
136.
Golah, 8. Bad4o», S. Dihli, 104, 289.
Grolconda (country), 238 n 4.
Golconda (town), 230 n 1.
Gronor (var, Giinaur), s. Dibli, S.
Dihli, 104, 287.
C^n^aki (place), 313 b 2 (11).
Gondal s. Sorath, 8. Gujarit, 258.
Gondal, see G^ndhal.
Gondhal, {var, Gondal), s. Bighelah,
8, Gujarit, 244.
Gon^hwinah (country), 223, 809.
Qondila Kiyat, see Konde Eoliyit.
Gon^r (var. Guner), Korih, S. Alia-
babid, 90, 167.
G^nor (var, Ganaur) s. Sambhal, S.
Dihli, 106, 290.
Gopilnagar, s. Tijpur, S. Bengal, 136.
Gop&lpur, 8. Jaunpur, S. AUahibid,
89,164.
(^pamau, s. Khairib4d, 8. Audh, 93,
177.
Gorakh, see Lorakh.
Gorakhnith Ki Tili, see Tilah Bal-
nith.
Gorakhpur (dastur), 8. Audh, 98.
Gorakhpur (Haveli), s. Gorakhpur,
8. Audh, 98, 176.
(Jorakhpur (Kasba), s. Gorakhpur, 8.
Audh, 98, 176.
Gorakhpur (Sirklr), 8. Audh, 98, 160,
170, 174.
Gk>randA, see Karanda.
Gori, see Hasanpur G.
Digitized by
Google
87
GUSri, (var. Ota,nri) Gforakhpur, B.
Andh, 93, 176.
Gk>rk, see Sorakh.
Gbrkhatri, see Korkhatri.
GU)yamand, see Grarhan^.
Grand Tartary, 118, u 8.
Great Tibet (country), 347, 868, 359,
9 2, 360, 863.
Gndawed, see Kadiud.
Gugaira (town), S. Lihor, 310 a 1.
Gdh, s. Bahir, 8. Bahir, 154.
Gdlir&m, see Khorim.
Gajara-rishtra (country), 240 n 7,
382 nl.
Gujarit (Sdbah), 180, 195, 196, 214,
215, a 2, 218, 219, 219, a 1, 220, 221,
221 B 1, 226, 227, 227 n 2, 238—
267, 239 u 6, 242, 243 a 4, 245 u
1, 248, 250, 260 n 2, 261, 262, 263
264, 266, 266 n 3, 267, 271, 303, 306,
307, 336, 339~, 341 a 1, 345 a 2,
346, 371 a 6, 386, 389, 415.
Gujar Khin (town), s. Kashmir, 390
04.
Gujrin, see Hazirah G.
Gujran Barhi, s. Bachnau Ddib, S.
L4hor, 321.
Gujrit, s. Jeoh Dd4b, S. Ldhor, 322,
822 a 1.
Gulgula (town), S. Eibul, 409 n 3.
Gnliina (town), s. Kashmir, 390 u 4.
Gulkanah (town), 8. K^bul, 403, a 5,
404.
Gumll (var, Bdmli, Ghumli), s. Barri,
8. Gujarit, 244.
Gumti or Godi (river), 171, 172, 173,
177.
Gun^r, see Ctoner.
Guram, see Karhif ba Kuram.
Guasarpur {now Gtkdarpurah), s.
Kumaon, 8. Dihli, 289.
Guzerit, see Gujar&t.
Gufrhif, s. Birbakibid, 8. Bengal,
137.
Gwalior, see Gwiliyar.
GwiUyir (fort), 8. Agra, 158, 181,221,
»8.
Gwiliyar, s. B4ri Ddib, 8. L4hor,
319.
Gwiliyir (dastdr), 8. Agra, 96.
Gw41iyir, s. GwiHyir, 8. Agra, 181,
187, 221 a 3, 227 a 2, 250 n 1, 309.
Gwiliyir (va^. Gwilior, (sirkir), 8.
Agra, 96, 187, 309.
H4bi (var. Hiit!, Halee, Hall, H4pi,
mwi),is. Tirhut, 8.Bahir, 157.
Habiyapur (var, Himiyanpir), s.
Kherlah, 8. Barir, 234.
Hiibrd, see Anthulah H.
Habsh, see Jash.
Habudhadi, see Jabd^ha^i*
E[i4^<^^^» ^^ Hadauti.
Hadauti (var. Hi^iioti, Hir^oti, Har-
owtee) (country), 8. Ajmer, (sirkir
Nigor), 268, 268 a 1, 271.
Ha^ha (var. Hafha), s. Lakhnau, 8.
Audh, 94, 179.
Hidiibid, 8. Jilandhar, 8. L^or, 110,
317.
H&diabds (Jhdsi), s. AHahibid, 8.
AUahibdd, 89, 161.
EEiehimdn (village), s. Elashmir, 8.«
KAbul, 365.
mfizibid, s. Bachnau Ddib, 8. lA-
hor, 320.
Haft Bachah (hills), 8. K4bul, 400.
Haftchur, see Bansanda.
Hafthdr, see Bansanda.
Haibatpur Pati (dastdr), 8. Lihor,
110.
Haibatpur (Patl), s. Haibatpur Pati,
8. Lihor, 110, 318.
Haibatpur (Pati), (sirkir), 8. Lihor,
110.
Haidaribad (district), 8ind, 838 a 2.
Haidariibid (town), 8. Tattah, 336 a
4, 340 a 1*
HAinasu, see Janisd.
Haiyagarh, s. Satgaoy, 8. Bengal,
141. ^
H4ji Bib^ see LahkH. B.
H&jigak, $ee HajiyaR*
Digitized by
Google
3S
H^ji Pir(pa8s), s. Kashmir, 347 o 3,
mjipur, 8. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 191.
Hijipur (town), 8. BahAr, 150.
mjipur (Haveli), s. Hajipur, S.
Bahar, 156.
Hijipnr (v(Mr, H. Sariyinah), s. Ja-
landhar, S. Labor, 110, 316.
Hajipur, s. Satgaon, 8. Bengal, 141.
Hijipur (sirkir), 8. Bahir, 152, 155.
Hijipur, 8. Udner, 8. Bengal, 130.
Hijipur (Pati) (var. H. Barsi), s. Chi-
tor, S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
HAjipur SAriyanah, see HAjipur.
Hijiyak {var. HAjigak), (pass), S. Ka-
bul, 400 n 1.
HAjkAn, 8. mjkin, S. Tattah (Mul-
t4n), 340.
Hajkan (sirkdr), S. Tattah (Multin),
840.
Hajran, see ShahzAdah H.
HAla (town), S. Tattha, 336 a 4.
HalbAtak, see Janabak.
Haldi, 8. Ma^anudAbid, S. Bengal,
188.
Haldand Nauna see Hald BadhonA.
Hald Badhona, (tror Hona Haldand,
Haldhota, Haldand Nauna, Huld-
hota), 8. MAhor, S. BarAr, 286.
Haldhota, see Hald BadhonA.
Halee, see Habi.
Hali, see HAbi. ^
HallAr, (place), 8. GujarAt, 248, & 3,
250 0 2.
Halod, (place), S. GujarAt, 242.
9Alon, 8. Pinjarah, S. Bengal. 137.
Halthal (village), S. Kashmir, 368.
HamadAn (in Persia), 161 u ^•
QAmilA, 8. GoraghAt, S. Bengal, 186.
Haminagar, S. Parsaror (Rachnau
DuAb), S. LAhor, 110, 821.
Hamirpur, s. KAlpi, S. Agra, 97, 184.
HamiyanpAr, see HabiyApdr.
HamtA BAzd, 8. SonArgaon, S. Bengal,
189.
Hamtanpur, s.^MatimddAbAd, 8.
Bengal, 138. #
HanAmak, see .flmabak.
HAndah, s. Hin^fah, 8. MAlwah, 207,
HAnhAr, see InhAr.
Hankar, see Ja^gar.
I HAnsAwar, s. 8orath, 8. GujarAt, 244.
i HAnsf, 8. HifAr Firozah, 8. Dihli,
I 105, 281, 296.
I HAnsdt, 8. Bahroch, 8. GujarAt, 243,
I 256.
I Hanswah, see Fathpur'H.
Hantiyil {txi/r. Hatiyal), s. Rachnau
DdAb, 8. LAhor, 321.
HanwAd, s. BafAlah, 8. LAhor, 110.
HApari, s. Sirhind, 8. Dihll, 106, 296.
HApi, see HAbi.
HApdr, 8. Dihli, 8. Dihli, 104, 288.
Har (8utlaj) (river), 326.
Haran, (river), 8. GujarAt, 246.
HArAote, see Hadauti.
Harariya, s. Kanauj, 8. MAlwah, 200.
Hardoi, 8. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 94, 179.
Hareo, s. Jech DdAb, 8. LAhor, 322.
HargarAo^, s. KhairAbAd, 8. Audh,
98, 177.
Hafha see Hadha.
HarhAnah, s. JAlandhar, 8. Labor,
110, 317.
Harhawa {var. HarhuA) s. BanAras,
8. AllahAbAd, 89, 162.
HarbdA, see Harhawa.
HAri, (8utlaj), river, 826.
Hariana (country), 166, n. 2.
Haribol see Veshau.
HaridwAr, (town), 8. Dihli, 812, a- 4.
Haripur, (8imla Hills), 803, n. 1.
HariyAl BAzd, s. BarohA, 8. Bengal,
188.
Harlia, see DAkdd DbAlia.
Harmatelia, (town), 8. Tattah, 386, a.
4.
Harnagar, s. 8ilhat, 8. Bengal^ 189.
Hami, a. Tirhut, 8. Bahar, 167.
Haro (river), s. Kashmir, 390, ij. 4.
Harob (river) 8. LAhor, 324, ©. 2.
Harowtee, see Hadauti.
Harpah, (place), s. MadAran, 8.
Bengal, 126.
Harpan, (town), 3. Multan, 326, a* 1*
Digitized by
Google
69
Harpnr. s, Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Harre, Ehaftar, s. Sindh S4gar
Dailb, S. L&hor, 828, n. 6.
Haraina, s. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 192.
'Harsonl, {var. HarRori), s. Alwar, S.
Agra, 96, 192.
Harsor, b. Ahmadibad S. Gujarat^
253.
Harsor, s. Ajmer, 102, 273.
Harsori, $ee Harsoni.
Harda, see Hashawa.
Hasan AbdiU, (village), 8. Lihor, 324
324, a. 2.
Hasanpur Badohar, s. Alwar, 8
Agra, 96, 191.
Hasanpur Gori, (var. Hasanpur
Kori), 8. Alwir, 8. Agra, 96, 191.
Hasanpur Kori, see Hasanpur Gori.
Hashtganjpur, s. Lakhnauti, 8.
Bengal, 131.
Hashtnagar, var. Asbtaghor, 411, 411,
0.1.
Ha^ilpur, s. Mando, M41wab, 112,
179, 196, 206.
Hi^Upur, (village), 8. Malwah, 179,
195.
Hastani, see Hatasni.
Hast Cb^i see Hast Jati.
HastgioVf see Hatgao^.
Hasti Bbanj {var, Hasti Watar,)
(pass) s. KasbmSr, 347, 347 g. 8,
382, 383, 383 q. 1.
Hastinapdr, see Hatnawar.
Hastinapur, (town), 8. Dibli, 282,
283.
Hasti Watar, see Hasti Bbanj.
Hast Jagi, see Hast Jati.
Hast Jati {var H. Jagi, H. Cbini), s.
8oratb, 8. Gujarit, 244.
Hit, see Al H.
Hiifci, s. Fatbri, 8. Barir, 236.
Hatimnab, see Hatimnat.
Hatimnat {var, Hatamnab), s. 8am-
bbal, 8. Dibli, 106, 291.
Hatan^a, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal,
132.
Hat&pak see Janabak.
Hatapin, s. Mabmudibid, 8. Bengal,
133.
Hatasni (var, Hastani), fs. 8oratb, 8.
Gujarat, 259.
Hatgaon, s. Gawil, 8. Barir, 233.
Hafgaon, s. Karrab, 8. Allabibad,
90, 168.
Hatgao^, {var. Easbab Hatgaoy,
Nitgooy, Hastgio^ Bistgaon),
8. Namalab, 8. Barir, 234.
Hat Gbiiti, s. 8onirgaon, 8. Bengal,
139.
Hatbi, 8. Tu-but, 8. Babir, 167.
Hatbi Kandhi, s. Satgaon, 8. Bengal,
141.
Hiti, see Hibi.
Hatiyal, see Hantiyil.
Hatiyar Lang, s. 8indb 8igar Duab,
8. Libor, 325.
Hatkint, s. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Hatniwar (v<»r, Hastinapur), s. Dibli,
8. Dibli, 104, 288.
J^aveli Babrocb, s. Babroob, 8.
Gujarat, 265.
9aveli, Bandar, s. 8ondrgion, 8.
Bengal, 138.
5aveli Pa^an, s. Pajtan, 8. Gujarit,
254.
9aveli 8atgaon, s. 8itgion, 8.
Bengal, 141.
Hawilgbiti, •. Ma^ddibid, 8.
Bengal, 133. [133.
Haweli, s. Ma^udibid, 8. Bengal,
Hiwi, see Habi.
Hazara (bills) 8. Kandabar, 394 u 4.
Hazarab (Dastdr), 8. Libor, 111.
Hazirab, s. Hazarab, (Jecb Duab),
Labor, 111, 322.
Hazarab, (sarkar), 8. Ldbor, 111.
Hazirab (village), 8. Labor, 811.
Hazirab Dablab {var, Haziu*ab Dab-
nab), 8. Kandabar, 8. Kibul, 898.
Hazirab Dabnab, see Hazirab Dab-
lab.
Hazirab Farik, aJ^azirab ^rla^.
Hazirab Gujrin, sll^db Siigar Dd-
ab, 8. Labor, 826.
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Google
40
Hazirab ^arlak (var. H. Farik, H.
J^rak), s. Sindh Sigar Duib, S.
JMiOT, 325.
Haz4r Banjab Banji {var, H. Dbajar
Banji, H. Sabar 8abi), s. Eandabir,
S.Kibul,898.
Hazir Dbajar Banji, see Haz4r Ban-
jab Banji.
Hazirbati, s. Fat^bid, S. Bengal,
132.
HaziLr Sabar Sabi, see Hazir Banjab
Banji.
Hazar-takl, s. Mungber, S. BabiLr,
166.
Hizir see Wakar H.
Hazratpur, s. Fat^^b^d, 8. Bengal,
132.
Helak (var, Hilak), s. Agra, 8. Agra,
96, 188.
Helki, 8. 84tg4on, 8. Bengal, 141.
Helmand (river), see Hirmand.
Henbir, see Inbir.
Herit (town) 148 b 1, 898 a 8.
Heaidrus (river), see 8utlej.
Hesoli (var, Mesdali) s. Madiran, 8.
Bengal, 141.
9ij4z (country), 887.
Hijli (town), 8. Bengal, 116 u 3, 126
sl.
Hi lak, see Helak.
Himalayas (moontaiv), 125 q 1, 847,
851 0 8.
Himmat Elbin Earmon, s. 8indb Si-
gar Ddib, 8. Libor, 325.
Hind, see Tark Ghandi.
Hindil, see Badd H.
Hindann, s. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Hin^iab s. Hin^iab, 8. Milwab, 207,
228.
Hindiab (sark&r), 8. Milwab, 112,
197, 207, 222, 229.
Hindu! (8bab v<Mr, Mandavi 8bAb), s.
Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal, 182.
Hindoi, s. Mongber, 8. Babir, 155.
Hmdd-kob (morJlains), 898, 899.
Hindd-kuBb (j^), 8. Eibnl, 400 q 1.
Hinddstin (country), 115, 146 & 1, 158,
169, 170, 170 B 6, 171, 177, 186, 21L
214 B 1, 215, 228, 249, 254, 274, 278,
300, 802, 809, 811, 312, 315, 336, 847,
348, 882, 383, 384, 385, 887, 888, 389,
390. 391, 392, 394, 396, 399,401,403,
404. 407 Q 1 & 4, 408, 414 b 2.
Hinglaj, see Hingula.
Hingula (va^, Hinglaj) (place), 818.
B 2 (1).
Hfnbir, see Inbir.
Hinjrao, see Sbanzdab H.
Hirab, see Barmab H.
Hirmand (t7ar. Helmand) (river), 8.
Kandabar, 120 b 4, 894, 894 b ^ <S^ 4,
895.
Hi^ar Firozab (Dastdr), 8. Dibli, 105.
Hi^ar Firozab, s. Hifar Firozab, 8.
Diblf, 106, 278, 281, 294.
Hi^ir Firozab (sarkar), 8. Dibli, 105,
160, 298.
Hissir, seeBiliH.
Hissir (tract), 166 b 2-
Hodal, s. 8abir, 8. Agra, 96, 195.
Honi Haldand, see Hald Badboni.
Hosbiarpdr (district), 817 b 4.
Hosbyir Karnilab, (var, H. Kariilah,
9* Karbilab), s. Haibatpur (or s.
Biri Ddib), S. L4bor, 110, 819.
Hosipur, 8. Ma^ddibdd, 8. Bengal,
138.
Hdgla, see BagbL
Hugli (town), 8. Bengal, 125, 125 b 2.
Huldbota, see Hald Badboni.
Hupiin, see Opiin.
Hdr, see Haftcbdr.
Hurbbat (var, Hdrbibist), s. Kanauj,
8. Milwab, 200.
Hurbibist, see Hdrbbat.
Husain, (T'alluk), s. Qborighit, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Husain&bid, s. IJdner, S« Bengal,
130.
Qusain Ajiydl, s. Ma^mddibid, S.
Bengal, 138.
jipusain Ajiyal, s. Sbari£4bid, 8. Ben-
gal, 140.
Qusainpur, s. Satgaon, 8. Bengal, 141.
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Google
41
9iUHunpTur» 8. Sniaimanilbid, S.
Bengal, 140.
Hasain Shihl, $ee Masjid H. 8.
Husain Shihf, s. Basoh^ 8. Bengal,
138.
Hasain 8ingh, s. Bazoba, 8. Bengal,
' 138.
Hnsampar, s. Bharaich, S. Andh, 93,
176.
Hnshkapura (city), 8. Kashmir, ^8.
Kibnl, 356 o 3.i
Hnshkapura, (vcbr, Baramula) (town),
S. Kashmir, 356 o. 3.
Hydaspes (river), see Bihat.
Hydraotes, see Irawati.
Hydraotes (river), see Ravi.
Hyphasis, or Yipasa (river), see Biah.
Ibrahfmibid, s, Andb, S. Audh 93,
178.
Ibrihimpnr, see Bdzir I.
Ibriihimpnr, s. IJdner, S. Bengal, 130.
Ikhal, 8. Bahir, S. Bah^r, 153.
Hahibid, see Allahibdd.
Ilahib^, s. Ilahabas, 8. Allahibdd,
161.
Ilahibis (sirHr), S.Allabibid, 160,
161.
Ilahadidpnr, s. Ghoriigh^t, 8. Bengal,
135.
Hdrdg (Edar), 8. QnjaHlt, 239 q 3.
Illahibid (Allahibdd), town, 158.
Imidpnr, s. Hiijipur, S. Bahir, 155.
Imidpnr, s. Khalifat&bdd, S. Bengal,
134.
Imaus (mountain) 391 n 2.
Inch, see Itchh.
Inchhi, see Aichhi or Eichhe.
Indinah, s. Nigor, S. Ajra^r, 102,
276.
Indar, s. 84ran, 8. Bah&r, 155.
Indar^in, s. Salaiminibdd, S. Bengal,
140.
Indarkallf, s. Matimiidiib&d, 8. Bengal
132.
Indarkol, s. Kashmir, g. Kibul, 370.
6
India, 124 o 5, 125 d 1. 1^ Q 1> 171,
172, n. 2, 215 d 2, 223^4, 228 u 6,
250 0 1, 281 0 1, 312, 327, 389 b 3,
392, 400 0 1, 401, 404.
Indor, s. Telinganab, 8. Barir, 230,
287.
Indor, 8. Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Indorl, 8. Kalamb, 8. Bar^r, 285.
Indriioti, see Endraoti.
Indraparast, see Indrapat.
Indrapat (rar. Indraparast) (town),
S. Dihli, 278, 279, 283.
Indraprastha (kingdom), 246 s 5,
278 a 2, 286 Q 1.
Indri (Dastur), s. Sahdranpur, 8.
Dihli, 105.
Indri, 8. Sahiranpur, 8. Dihli, 105,
291.
Indus (or 8ind) (river), 119^1, 121
n 2, 246 B 8, 310, 310 u % 311, 311 o
8, 323, 326, 826 b 2, 327 b h 327 b
3, 328, 830 B 2, 386 B 4, 387 b 1,
388, 381, 381 b 2, 390 b 1» ^% 393
B 2, 398, 401, 402 b 8.
Indus Valley, 844 b 2.
Inhar(var.Hanh4r,Henhar), s. Lakh-
nau, 8. Audh, 94, 179.
Ini (ror. Eni, Jaini), s. Kalamb,, 8.
Barir, 235.
Irajpur, s. Mnltin, 8. Multdn, 330.
Irik (country), 2*, 265, 312, 344, 353
B 1,389, 394, 415 b 2.
Irin (country), 115, 278, 300, 885.
Irawati (var, Hydraotes) (river), 810.
Irij, (var. Eraj) s. Irij, S. Agra, 96,
187.
Irij (sirkdr), S. Agra, 96, 160, 187.
*Isakhel (sarkiir), S. Kibul, 393, 393
b2.
'Isapur, 8. Beth Jalandhar, 8. Liihor,
317.
Isauli, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93, 177.
Isha baUri, see Ishib&ri.
Isha Bryri (village), ^Kashmir, 360
Ishibdri (tw. IshabaMn^. Kashmir,
861, 361 n 2.
Digitized by
Google
42
l8kar4o, (in the Himalajas), S65 e 3.
IsUmabid, see Islimabad.
IsUmibad (hiU), S. Dihli, 280.
IsUmaMd (var. I. Pakal), s. Dihli, S.
Dihli, IM, 285. [g 4.
IsUmiUd (village), 8. Kashmir, 368
IsUmpur, see Khanddia I. [330.
Islampdr, s. MulUn, S. Multan, 329,
IsUmpur Bharu, s. Sambhal, 8. Dihli,
105, 289.
IsUmpdr Dargu, see Islimpur D.
IsUmpur (Mohan), b. Chitor, S. Aj-
mer, 102, 274.
IsUmpur (Bampur), s. Chitor, 8. Aj-
mer, 102, 273.
Islampur, s. Ranthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 274.
Islimabad, s. Beth Jilandhar, 8. La-
bor, 316.
Islimabad {var, iBlamibad), s. 8am-
bhal, 8. Dihli, 105, 290.
Isltmpnr Dargu {var, Islimpur, D.)f
s. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 105, 290.
Ismailpur, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 191.
Ismiilpur (Bogla), s. Bogla, 8. Beng-
al, 134.
Tsmdilpur, s. Maltan, 8. Multan 329.
Ismailpur, s. 8ulaimanabad, 8. Beng-
gal, 140.
Ispahan (city), 381.
Isracharaj, s. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal.
132.
Istalif, (village), 8. Kabul, 408 n 5.
Ita (hills in Sylhet). 124 o 4.
Ifdwah, see Etawah.
Itawah, s. Chanderi, 8. Malwah, 201.
I|£wah (dastur), s. It&wah, 8. Agia,
96.
Itchh {var. Inch), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kibul,356,363,368.
Itchh (II), s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 369.
I win Bosamer, s. Ranthambhor, S.
Ajmer, 102, 274.
J"
Jabdi, see BiAarpdr J,
Jabu^ha^^ {var, Habudhadi, Jiii^ha-
4i, Jidd^ari,Jeodhery), g.Rachnan
Diiab, 8. Labor, 820.
Jadar, see Jarar.
Jadnagar, s. Qodhri, 8. Gajsrat, 257.
Jadwir, s. Sambhal, 8. Dihli* 105,
290.
Jael, see Chael.
Jaes, (oar. Jais), s. Minikpdr, S.
Allahibad, 90, 165.
Jagannith, (temple), 127, 127 o 4, 128,
129 Ql.
Jagannathpur, 8. Ma^ddabad, S.
Bengal, 133.
Jagat, s. 86ratb, 8. Gujarit, 258.
Jagat {or Dwarki), 8. Ba^hilah, S.
Gujarat;, 239, 239 g 1, 244, 246 9
5, 248, 280, Q. 1.
Jagdalik (town), 8. Kabul, 405 n 3.
Jaghaki, see Chakhli.
Jagi, see Hast Jate.
Jagtin, s. Bayanwin, 8. Agra, 189.
Jahin Numa (place), 8. Dihli. 279.
Jahasand, {var, Jasnad, Changion).
R. Barbakabad, 8. Bengal, 137.
Jahat, {var), Chahat, Jhet, Jhut), s.
8irhind, 8. Dihli, 105, 296.
Jahdi, see Parharpur J.
Jahni, see Lakhi Chahnl.
Jah^jhdn, see Fathpur Jhanjmun.
Jahri, s. Pathri, 8. Barar, 236.
Jai Champa, s. Bahar, 8. Bahar 154,
154 eL
Jaidar, s. Eohtas, 8. Bahar, 157.
Jaini, see Ini.
Jaintiya see Jesa.
Jaipur, {var. Jeypdr) (town), 8.
Ajmer, 402 d 3.
Jaipur, 8. Namalah, 8. Barir, 234.
Jaipur, s. 8ulaiminibad, 8. Bengal,
140.
Jair, 8. Madikurug, 8. Barar, 236.
Jairampnr, s. Pdmiyah, 8. Bengal,
134.
Jais, see Jaes.
Jaisalmer (fort) 8. Ajmer, 271, 326.
Jaisalmer, s. Bikiner, 8. Ajmer, 267,
277.
Digitized by
Google
43
Jaitpar, s. Soratli, S. Gujarat, 258.
Jaitwan, see Atiwan.
Jaitwar, see Barra.
Jajmau, {var. Jajmao), s. Korah, S.
Allahabad, 90, 167.
Jajnagar (town), 8. Orissa, 219, 219
©1.
Jajoi, {var, JajolS), s. Raisin, S.
Malwah, 111, 199.
Jajoli, eee Jajoi.
Jajpur (town), S. Orissa, 219 a 1.
Jakar, see Ddb J.
Jakar (var. Jarak), s. Tattab, S.
Tattah, (Multan), 340.
Jakdal, see Qanj.
J9k6k\, see Chakkhi.
Jakesar, see Chakesar.
Jakhal, (twr. Jakhalpur), s. Tirhut,
S. Bahar, 156.
Jakhalpdr, see Jakhal.
Jakhar, s. Tirhut, S. Bahar, 156.
Jakhli, see CHiakkhi.
Jakhrah (var. Jakhrah), s. Nagor, S.
Ajmer, 102, 277.
Jakram, s. Kumaon, S- Dihli, 289.
Jalalabad (var. Jalalabas), s. Allaha-
bad, S. Allahabdd, 89, 158, 161.
JaUlabad, s. Bari Duib, S. Whor,
318.
Jalalabad, s. Bijigafh, S. Malwah,
205.
Jalalabad, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 104, 286.
JaUIab&d (Berun-az-Panjnad), a. Di-
pilpur, S. Multan, 118, 333.
Jalalabdd, s. Jalandhar, S. Lihor, 110,
328.
Jajilabad, S. Kabul, 391 u 5, 401, 405,
405 n 1 & 2.
Jalalabid, s. Sambhal, S. Dihli, 105,
290.
Jalalabas, see JaUUbad (S. Allahabad).
Jalali 8. Kol, S. Agra, 97, 186.
Jalalia nila (river), 322 q 1.
Jalalpur, see Dahlat J.
Jalalpur, see Kirjhak J.
JaUlpur, see Sawdil J.
Jalalpur,^. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 19^1.
Jalalpur (village), S. Labor, 315 a 1.
Jalalpur Balkhar (var. Jalalpur Hala-
ka), 8. Manikpur, S, Allahabad, 90,
164.
Jalalpur Baroth (var. J. Baraut, J.
Barwat, J. Serdt J. Seroot), s. Dihli,
S. Dihli, 105, 286.
Jalandhar, see B^t J« Dtiab.
Jalandhar, s. Jalandhar, S. Labor,
110, 314 a 1 316.
Jalandhar (dastiir) s. Jalandhar, S.
Labor, 110.
Jalandhar, (var. Beth J.) (sarkar), S.
Labor, 110. 315, 328.
J^landhara, 312 u 2 (6).
Jalandhari, (Kangrah district), 313.
Jalar, see Kard J.
Jalastatha, 318 q 2 (39).
Jalesar, s. Agra, S. Agra, 96, 183.
Jal68ar (town), s. Jaldsar, S. Orissa,
142.
Jalesar (var. Jaleswar, J^llasore)
(Sarkar), S. Orissa, 126, 142.
Jaleswar, «ee Jalesar.
Jalgaov, s. Narndlah, S. Barar, 234.
Jalmjun, »ee Fathpur.
Jdlna, see G^lnah.
Jalnahar, see Jhamahar.
Jalod, s. Sb^ndes, S. £bandes, 225.
Jalodah (var. Jaloda), s. Baisin, b.
Malwah, 112, 19#.
Jalor, S. Ajmer, 270, 271.
Jalor, 8. Sirohi, S. Ajmer, 239, 276.
Jalpi, 8. Namalah, S. Barar, 234.
Jam, aee Sirsi J.
Jamilpur, s. Hisir Firozah, S. Dihli,
294.
Jamandi, s. Kandahar, S. Kabul, 397.
Jamari (var. Chamari), s. Batalah
(Bari Dd^b), S. Ldhor, 110, 318.
Jambi Jdmsi, see JombasL
Jambii, 8. Jhalwarah, S. Gujarat, 242.
Jambiiji, s. Jhalwarah, S. Gujarat,
242.
Jambusar, see JombasnL
Jamiawarah, s. Mandesa!^. Malw^,
208.
Digitized by
Google
44
Jamkher, s. Kherlah, 8. Barar, 234.
Jammu (country), 347 a 3, 348^2,
350o3, 351 o2,354 o2, 355 a 4, 356
0 3, 861 o2, 363 a 3, 368 0 1, 383 a 1.
387, 387 0 3, 389 a 1, 893 u 2.
Jammu, (mountains), 347.
Jammu, s. Rachanu Duab, S. Labor,
320.
Jamna (var. Jumna, Jamuna), (river),
120, 120 n 5. 121, 157, 158, 179, 180.
181, 278, 279, 281, 286, 287, 291,
305, 308 0 3.
Jamnab (spring), S. Gujarat, 289,
247.
Jimner, s. Khandes, S. Khandes. 225.
Jamod, s. ESl^ndes, S. Eh^ndes, 222,
224, 225.
Jamsber, s. Multan (Ber&n-i-Panj-
nad), S. Multan, 831.
Jamsbid (cave of), S. Eandabar, 394.
Jamuna, see Jamna.
Jamungaon, s. Nadot, S« Gujarat. 254.
Janabak (var, Hatipak, Hanamak,
Halbatak, Janinak, Janak), s.
Kberlah, S. Bariir, 234.
J^nab, see Kbari J.
Janabgbiti, s. XJdner, S. Bengal, 130.
Janak, see Janabak.
Jan^ak, see Janabak.
Janasu {var, Hainasu), s. Barbakabad,
S. Bengal, 137.
Jandlai, s. BarbaKabiid, S. Bengal,
137.
Jandolab, s. Bbkkar, S. Mnltan, 334,
Jangal, see Lakbi J.
Janglf (vor. Janbgal), see Lakabi J.
Janjab, a. Sewi8ta,n, S. Tattab (Mul-
tan), 340.
Janki, s. 8barifabad« S. Bengal, 139.
Jannatabad (sarkar), ree Lakbnauti.
Jannatabad (or Gaur), s. Lakbnauti,
S. Bengal, 122, 123, 131.
Janor {var. Cbitor, Tscbinor, Cbi-
tore), 8. Bayanwan, S. Agra,. 189.
Jantor (twr. J[!Jbitore, Tscbetor), s.
Pitbri, SjCrar,236.
Jauwar, see unandwdn.
Jara, 6. Tattali, S. Tattab, (Multan),
340.
Jarak, see Jakar.
Jarar {var, Jadar), s. Babi, S. Bahar,
154.
Jarayal, s. Tirbut, S. Babir, 156.
JarbaH, s. Bayanwan, 8. Agra, 189.
Jarfyab, 8. Kumaon, 8. Dibl!, 289.
Jar jar, see Jarjiyab.
Jarjfyab (txir. Jar jar), s. Bari Ddab,
8. Labor, 819.
Jarodab, see Cbarodab.
Jaror, (var. ^bab J.), s. Kberlab,
8. Barir, 233.
Jasdan, aee Jasdbo^.
Jasdbon, {var, Jasdan), s. Ciobilwa-
rab, 8. Gujarat, 244.
Jasdbon, {var, Jasdan), s. 8oratb, S.
Gujarat, 258.
Jasb (ror. flLabsb, Tajpur), s. Katak,
8. Orissa, 141
Jasnad Bazu, eee Cbbandiya B.
Jason Balakotf, s. Jalandbar, 8. La-
bor, 316.
Jasora, (place), 313 a 2 (46).
Jaspur, see 8abajgar.
Jasnad, see Jahasand.
Jasrota, s. Bacbnau Ddib, 8* Labor,
320.
Jastan Bazu {var, Cbetan B., Cbain
B., Cbytun B.}, s. Ma^mudabad, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Jit, see Al J.
Jatai, see Batai J.
Jatgar, {var. Jatkar, Hankar,
Cbankar, Jutker), s. Bari Duab, 8.
Labor, 318.
Jati, see Hast J.
Jatia, 8. Kberlab, 8. Barar, 283.
Jafkar, see Jafgar.
Jatoi, 8. Bbakkar, 8. Multan, 334.
Jaukajrl, s. Bbadrak, 8. Orissa, 143.
Jauli, 8. 8abaranpur, 8. Dibli, 105,
292.
Jaun, s. Hajkan, s. Tattab (Multan),
I 340.
I Jaund, s. Bobtas, 8. Babir, 157.
Digitized by
Google
45
Jaonpur (sarkar), S. Allahabad, 89,
167, 160 163, 266, 307, 309.
Jaunpur (town), S. Allahibad, 168,
169, 169, 169 0 3, 170, 170 o 6.
Jaunpdr, (Haveli), s. Jaunpdr, S.
Allahibad, 89, 163.
Jaunpur, s. Jaunpur, S. Allahabad,
89, 163, 218, 219, 220.
Jaurasi, s. Sahiiranpur, S. Dibli, 106,
292.
Java (country), 123 u 4.
Jawan, s. Eumaon, S. Dihli, 289.
Jawari, see Chidar.
Jaxartes, (river). 119 a 1, 399 o 2.
Jayanti, (pUoe), 313, o 2 (21).
Jazethi, tee Chakhli.
Jech (Duab), see Jenhat.
Jech (or Chenhat) Duab, (aarkar),
S. Lihor, 321.
Jechn^, (Duab) see Jenhat.
Jedibariya, (var, Chandibariya), s.
Ma^mudabad, S. Bengal, 133.
Jediya, s. Ma^miidabad, S. Bengal,
133.
Jekri, s. Bijagafh, S. Malwah, 206.
Jellasore, see Jalesar (8. Orissa).
Jenhat Dn4b {var, Jhat, Chhat,
Chenhat, Jech), S. L&hor, 311.
Jeodhery, see Jabu^hadi.
Jeora, s. Beth Jdlandhar, S. Labor,
316.
Jeran {var. Jiran), s. Chitor, S.
Ajmer, 102, 274.
Jerusalem, 403.
Jesa (ixir, Jaintya, Chaintar,
Tschena), s. Silhat, S. Bengal, 139.
Jesar (Rasiilpur), s. Khalifatabad, S.
Bengal, 134.
Jetanpur (village), s. Pathri, S.
Barir, 230. [276.
Jetaran, s. Jodhpur, S. Ajmer, 102,
Jetgarh, s. Kanauj, S. Mdlwah, 200,
Jetha, {var, Ch^la, Tschetia), s.
Kanauj, S. Malwah, 200.
Jethri, see Jhatri.
Jetpur, 8. Banthambhor, S. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Jewar, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 104, 286.
Jeypur, see Jaipur.
Jhig (var. Jh4k), 8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer,
102, 273.
Jhdin, s. Banthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 276.
Jhajhar, s. Dehli, S. Dihli, 104, 286.
Jhajhar (dastiir), s. Dihli, 8. Dihli,
104.
Jhajhon, 8. Chanderi, 8. Malwah, 202.
Jhak see Jhag.
Jhakwar, s. Mandlaer, 8. Agra, 190.
Jhilabarha, a. A^madabiid, 8.
Gujarat, 253.
Jhalawah, s. Banthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Jhalawar, see Jhalawarah.
Jhalawarah, {var. Jhilw&rah, Jhala-
war), 8. Ahmadabad, 8. Gujarat,
242, 249, 253.
Jhalod, 8. Godhra, 8. Gujarat, 268.
Jhalo^a, 8. Gwaliyar, 8. Agra, 187.
Jhalotar, {var, Jahalotar), s. Lakh-
nau, 8. Audh, 93, 178.
Jhalu, 8. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 106, 290.
Jhalwarah, see Jhfilaw&rah.
Jhamahar, {va^. Jalnahar, Djalnahar),
8. Kanauj, 8. Milwah, 200.
Jhamrawat {var, Jhimrawat), s.
Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Jhandi, see Parh^ur J.
Jhanjhanah, see Jhinjhanah.
Jhdnjhmer, (port), 8. Gujarat, 244,
249.
Jhanjmun, see Fathpur J.
Jharah (fort), 8. Gujarat, 260.
Jhargon, s. Chanderi, 8. Milwah, 202.
Jhark, see Chark.
Jharsa, {var, Jharsah), s. Dihli, 8.
Dihli, 104, 286.
Jhat, see Jenhat*
Jhatanawi, s. Baiain, 8. Malwah,
112, 199.
Jhatar, see Chhatrah.
Jhatra, see Chhatrah\
Jhatri, {var. Jethri)^^^ 86rath, 8.
Gujarat,-268.
Digitized by
Google
46
Jhelum (river), S. Labor, 311 a 1.
315 o, 1, 322 0 1, 323, 825 a 2, 326,
326 u 2, 365 q 1, 364 o 3, 865 o 1,
390 n 4.
Jhelum (town), S. Labor, 323 b 8.
Jhimrawat, see Jbamrawat.
Jbinjhanab, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 104,
286.
Jhinjhuwarab, a. Jhalwarah, S. Guja-
rat, 242.
Jhojeon [var. Jbojedn), s. Narnol,
S. Agra, 97, 194.
Jbojodn, see Jbojeon.
Jbusi, see Hadiabas.
Jibhal (Bbimbbar), 8. Kasbmir, 347,
b2.
Jibat, see Al J.
Jijat, s. GUgroD, 8. Malwab, 209.
Jilan, see Kbutlan.
Jimab Cbatab {var, Cbimab C), s.
Sialkot, (Bacbnau Diiab), 8. Labor,
110. 320.
Jiua, see Gbarf Cbatupa.
Jind, 8. Hi^ar Firozab, 8. Dibli,
105, 294.
Jiran, see J^ran.
Jirbesha, 8. ^ndabar, 8. Kabul, 394,
©4.
Jiriya Bazd, see Cbhandiya, B.
Jiu^ba^i, Mee Jabd^ha^i.
Jiddbary, see Jabd^ac^i.
Jiyardkbi, e. Ma^mddabad, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Joasab, s. Cbanderi, 8. Malwab, 202.
Jobnair, (var, Jobner, Jotirab, Joner,
Jonerab, Zdnbara), s. Ajmer, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 273.
Jobnatbnagar (town), 8. Labor, 311,
tt2.
Jobner, see Jobnair.
Jodbpar, s. Jodbpur, 8. Ajmer, 102,
270, 271, 271 u 7, 276. 402 n 8.
Jodbpur (dastdr), s. Jodbpur, 8. Aj-
mer, 102.
Jodbpur, (Havrf), s. Jodbpdr, 8. Aj-
mer, 276. ^
Jodbpur (sarkar), 8. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Jogidiya, s. 8oaargao9, 8. Bengal,
138.
Jobila (river), 150, id. note 1.
Joka, 8. Barbakabad, 8- Bengal, 137.
Jomar (oar. Cbamir, Cbopar), s.
Kberlab, 8. Barar, 234.
Jombasi (var, Jambi Jdmsi, Jambu-
sar), s. Jbalwaraby 8. Gujariit, 242.
Jon^r, see Jobnair.
Jonerab, see Jobnair.
Jorasi, see Jaurasi.
Jorpdri, see Kuli Bazar.
Jorsingar, s. Cbanderi, 8. Malwab,
202.
Jotirab, see Jobnair.
Jdd (bill), 8. Labor, 405 n 2.
Jugbely, see Cbakbni.
Jugbucky, see Chakbki.
Juidbari, see Jabddbadi.
Jul Kba|iban, 8. Kabul (stream),
404.
Jdi Ful-i-Mastan (stream), 8. Kabul,
404.
Jumlab, see Barin J.
Jumna, see Jamna.
Jdnagbati, 8. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 130.
Jdnabgarb, s. 8oratb, 8. Gujarat,
2i4,, 245, 245 B 1, 246 n 1.
Jusbkapur, (town), 8. Kasbmir, 356
0 3.
Jutker, see Jafgar.
Juwainab, 8. 8aran, 8. Babiu*, 156.
Jwalamukbi (var, Jawiilamukbi), 813
U 2, (5), 314 © 1.
Jytewan, see At i wan.
Kabar, 8. Babar, 8. Babar, 154.
Kabar, s. 8ambbal, 8- Dibli, 105, 290.
i^abazpur, s. 8ulaimanabad, 8. Bengal,
140.
Kabir, see Dablak-el-K.
Kabraj, see 8ripat Kiraj.
Kakul, see Shih K.
Kabul (city), 8. Kabul, 220 n 5, 847,
391 Q 5, 393, 394, 400 n 1, 403, 408
Q3,403n4,403o5.
Digitized by
Google
47
Kibal, Little, S. Kibul» S99 n 1.
Kabul river, S. Kabul, 311 n 8, 892,
899 n 1, 401 nl, 405 n 1, 405 n 2,
405aS,408n2.
Kibnl (sirkar), S. Kiibul, 898 to 414.
Kabul (Subah), 115, 115 n 3, 176 o 2,
271 n 7, 309, 811 a 8, 812, 888 q 1,
347, 867 o 3, 371 b 6, 390 n 1, 392,
393, 398 B 6, 399, 401 u 1, 401 u
4, 404, 405, 406 0 2, 407 © 4, 408,
410, 410, u 1, 412, 413, 414, 414 a 2.
Kabtilah (ran Lakhi Kabiilab), s. Di-
pilpur (Beth Jillandhar Dn4b), S.
Multan, 113, 832.
Kabtilah (var, Lakhi Kabnlah) b. Di-
palpnr (Birun-i-Panjnad), S. Mul-
tan, 883.
Kiibulpur, s. Ghoraghat, S. Bengal,
136.
Kach, see Khacb.
Kachikot. s. Sind Sagar Duib, S.
Uhor, 324, 324 b 2.
Kachandan, see Kachhdndu.
Kachh (Bay of), S. Gujarat, 245 n 5,
248 bL
Kachh (var. Cutch), (StAte), S. Guja-
rat, 244, 248 B 4, 249 B 2, 250.
Kachb, 8. Sambhal, S.Dihli, 106, 290.
Kachh, Little {var. Cutch), S. Guja-
rat, 260.
Kachh, Ban (Bunn) of, (var, Cutch),
8. Gujarat, 246 b 8, 249.
Kachhandan, see Kachhindu.
Kachhandn {var, Kachandan, Kachh-
andan), 8. Lakhnau, S. Audh, 94,
179.
Kachhi, see Kawa K.
Kachhi, see Khacb.
Kachla, s. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
Ka4&ad {var Ga^warah, Gudawed),
8. Eanthanbor, S. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Kadi {var. Kawi, Kari), s. Bahroch,
8. Gujarit, 243, 265.
Kadim, see Bazari K.
Kadroilah (var, Kadrola), s. Chan-
deri, 8. Milwah, 202.
Kadrola, see Kadro&lab.
Kadsn (var, Okirsu), s. Bhadrak, S
Orissa, 148.
Kadwihah, s. Bayanwin, 8. Agra,
189.
Ka4w4n, 8. Fumiyah, 8- Bengal, 184.
Ka4wiiri (var. Ladwari), b. Tirhut, 8.
Bahar, 167.
Kafiristto, 390 b 3, 892 b 2, 898 b 6,
406 b1.
Kafiirdiya. s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 180.
Kagalwala, 8. Kabul, ^01 b 2.
Kahan, 8. Sewistan, 8. Tattah (Mul-
tan), 840.
Kahar see Akhar.
Kahar (var. Kear, Kyar), s. Nadot,
8. Gujarat, 264.
Kahardr, s. Multin (Birnn-i-Panjnad),
8. Multan, 881.
Kih£rw4na, s. Bazoha, 8. Bengal, 137.
Kaheod (var. 8omandi, Kanol), s.
Bayanwin, 8. Agra, 189.
Kaher, see Kaldeh Kehar.
Kahlaparah, see Khalapara.
Kahlor, s. Berun-i-Panjnad, 8. Labor,
825.
Kahlor, (hilla), 8. Labor, 810.
Kahrigiirram, see Kar hatha Kuram.
Kahr6r, (var, Khardar), s. Multan,
(B^t J^landhar Duab), 8. Multan,
829.
Kahtoni, (var. Khdoli), s. Mandiaer,
8. Agra, 190.
Kahwin, s. 8ind 8agar Duab, 8.
Lihor, 324.
Kahwar {va/r, Khora, Khawa),
(Thana), s. Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96,
193. [2.
Kailas (hiU), 121 n 2, 310 b 2, 318, b
Kalman, a. Bhadrak, 8. Orissa, 143.
Kairour hills, 157 b 8.
Kai-pim-fon (city in China), 118 b 8.
Kairanah, (var. Kdrdnah), s. 8abiran-
pur, 8. Dihli, 106, 292.
Kairanah, (Dastiir), s. 8ahiranpur, 8.
Dihli, 105. \
Kaithal, (var. Kethal)l^irhind, 8.
Dihli, 106, 296.
Digitized by
Google
48
Kajbarah, s. Bay^nwin, 8. Agra,
189.
Kajhodah, s. Irij, S. Agra, 96, 188.
Kikan, «ee Khira K.
Kakapur, (village), s. Kashmir, 356,
C3.
Kakhari, s^e^Khfikhari.
Kakho^mar, see Khakho^mar.
Kakori, s. Lakhnau, B. Audh, 93,
178.
Kikreji, s. Pa^n, S. Gujarat, 254.
Kakri, see Khikhari.
Kikron, (twr. Gigron) (Sarkar), S.
Malwah, 112, 209.
Kikron, see Gigron.
Kalabagh, S. Kabul, 401 a 2.
Kalan, s. Bahroch, S. Gnjariit, 255.
Kalamadhara, 313 q 2 (28).
Kalamb {var. Kallam), (Sarkar), 8.
Barar, 232, 235.
Kalamb (var. Kallam J^^bab K.)» s.
Kalamb S. Barar, 229, 235.
Kalumbuh Niri, s. Basim, 8. Barar,
235.
Kalanah, eee Chil K.
Kalang Dandpdt, (Sark&r), 8. Orissa,
126, 144.
KaUnor, (va/r, Kalandr), s. Ba^alah,
(Bari Dddb), 8. Labor, 110, 319.
Kilapand, (var, K&lapind) s. Libor,
(Bachnan Ddab)| 8. Lihor, 110,
321.
Kilara, s. 84tgaon, S. Bengal, 141.
fi[aUt, 8. ^[andahiir, 8. Kibul, 394.
IfjMt Banj^rab, a. Kandab&r, 8.
Kabul, 393, 397.
KaUt Barluk eee Kalat Tartuk.
Kalat Tartnk, (var. K. Barlnk, K.
Tnrak, J^la Yastarldk), s. Kanda-
har, 8. Kibul, 898.
KaUt Turak, eee KaUt Tartuk. [K.
Kilauri, (ix»r. Kanauri), see Fathpur
^la Yastarluk, see KaUt Tartuk.
Kalbah, s. MuUiin, (Bachnad Ddib),
8. Multdn, m>.
Kalbhalak, ^^ind Sagar Ddab, 8.
Ubor, 324.
Kal Bhelak (K. Bhalak), 8. Haearah,
8. Lihor, 111.
Kaldeh Kebar (var. Knller Kaher),
8. Labor, 405 u 2.
Kaligae Kotbija, s. Barbakiibid, S.
Bengal, 137.
Kaligbat, 313, u 2 (19).
KiUikatta, (Calcutta), b. 8atgaon, S.
Bengal, 141.
Kali Ma^l, b. Mabmddabad, S.
Bengal, 133.
Kalinga, see Tri K.
Kalinga (country), 230 a 1*
Kilinjar (fort), 8. Allahabad, 158,
159.
Kalinjar (8arkar), 8. Allahabad, 90,
160, 166.
Kalinjar, s. Kilinjar, 8. Allahabad,
90,166.
KAlipitha, 313 e 2 (19).
Kill 8ind, (river), 195.
Kaliyadah (viUage), 8. Milwah, 196.
Kiliyanpur, 8. Mabmddabad, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Kaliydnpur, s. 8aran, 8. Babir, 156.
Kallam, eee Kalamb.
Kalminf (territory), 8. Tattha, 337.
Kalndki, see Lakbi Kalnarki.
Kalnirki, see Lakbi K.
Kilpi (Sarkar) Sitgra, 97, 160, 184.
Kalpi (Dastdr), s. Kilpl, 8. Agra,
97.
Kalpi (Haveli), s. Kilpi, 8. Agra,
97, 184.
Kalpi (Kasba), a. Kilpi, 8. Agra,
97. 179, 181, 308.
Kimagiri, (var. Kamikhya), 313 q 2
(17).
Kamah, eee Buldk-i-K.
Kimah, a. Sabir, 8. Agra, 96, 195.
K&mikhya (in Kamrdp), 313, 313 g
2(17).
Kamala, a. LakbnautI, 8. Bengal, 131.
Kamilah, see Hoshy&r K!
Kamarg&on, a. Gdwil, 8. Bar4r, 282. .
^mbar (village), a. Kashmir, 8.
Kibul, 361.
Digitized by
Google
49
BJAmbar Ver, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul,
347.
Kambat, s. Sind Sagar Diiab, 8.
Labor, 324.
Kambh^jat, s. A^madib&d, 8.
Gujar&t, 239, 241, 245 & 6, 253.
Kambuva (town), s. Kashmir, 356 © 3.
Kameh (Baluk of), 8. Kabul, 406 q 1.
Kimeh (river), 8. Kabul, 392 a 2.
KampO, s. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 185.
Kimpur (village), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul, 356 o 8.
Kamraj, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 365,
366 fl 1, 367, 371, 381.
Kamrij (division) s. Kashmir, 8.
Kibul, 868, 370.
Kamraj (village), s. Kashmir, 8-
Kiibul, 313.
Kamrej, s. Surat, 8. Gujarit, 257.
Kamrup (country), 117, 117 g 2, 218,
813.
Kamti ((country), 117.
Kamukharah, s. MandUer, S. Agra,
190.
Kamyi^rama, 313 o 2 (23).
Kanah, see Khaftah«
Kanakjok, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 130.
Kanak 8akhar, a. Ghorighat, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Kananda, see Kiratpur K.
Kanar, see Kenar.
Kanirak (temple), 128 o 4 129 b 2.
Kanauj, (Sarkar) 8. Agra, 96, 160,
170, 171, 179, 184, 261, 262, 271,
271 B 1, 271 B 7, 300, 371 b 6, 382.
Kanauj (Dastur), s. Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96.
Kanauj (Haveli), s. Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96, 185.
Kanauj (town), 8. Agra, 169 n 3, 181,
280 B 2, 345.
Kanauj (8arkar), s. Malwah, 199.
Kanaulah, s. Bayanwan, 8. Agra,
189.
Kanaur, see Khawar.
Kanauri, see Fathpur Kilauri.
Kanchi, 313 b 2 (27).
7
l^ndahar (8arkir), 8. Kibul, 887,
346, 347, 881, 386, 390 b 1, 393,
894, 396, 897, 398, 404, 408.
^ndahir, s. ^andahar, 8. K&bul,
394, 394 B 2, 395, 396. 897. 398, 400,
402, 402 B 3.
Kandal, see Kidal.
Kan<}aliya, s. Ma^mud^bdd, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Kan^aliya, s. 8atgaon, 8. Bengal, 141.
Kandarki (mr, Kundarki), s. 8am-
bhal, S.Dihli. 105, 290.
Kandhad, see Khandwah.
Kandhar, see Narainpur.
Kan^hlah, see Kandlah.
Kandi, see Siriya K.
Kan4ibari, s. Ghoriighat, 8. Bengal,
136.
Kandi Nawi, s. Ma^mndiibid, 8.
Bengal, 133.
Kandlah {var. Kan(}hlah), s. Dihli,
8. Dihli, 104. 287.
Kandolhi, see Kandoln£.
Kandolna {var, Kandolha GandolnA),
s. 8orath, 8. Gujarat. 244, 258.
Kanel (va/r, Khanel, Khampal, Keh-
nayl, Kebl), s. Ujjain, 8. Malwah,
112, 198.
Kanges (Ta^luk 'Parmanand), s.
Khalifatabiid, 8. Bengal, 134.
Kangra (Panjab Hifls), 308 b 1, 310
b6, 866b1.
Kingrah, s. Bari Diiab, 8. I4hor,
319.
Kangrah, s. Chanderi, 8. Malwah,
202.
Kangrah (town), 8. Uhor, 312, 314
Kanhar, s. 8arangpur, 8. Malwah,
204.
Kanhpur, see Khanpiir.
Ka^htal {var, Gdtral. Gautnal), s.
Ghoraghdt, 8. Bengal, 136.
Kaniguram, 8. Kabul, 4^ b 2.
Kanishkapura (town), ^Kashmir,
8. Kabul, 356 B 3. ^
Kanit, see Kant.
Digitized by
Google
50
Kaojiwor^ Bee Bahat K.
Kanjrsh, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93.
178.
Kinka, see Badner K.
Kankar, see Kathar.
Kinkhari (van Khankari), s. Sam-
bhal, S. Dihll. 105, 290.
Kanki, tee Ba^par K.
Kankroli {or Kajnagar), Udaipur
State, 278 o 7.
Kanodah, s. Narnol, S. Agra, 97, 194.
Kanodah (Dastur), s. Nirnol, 8.
Agra, 97.
Kanol, see Kaheod.
Kanor, see Kator.
Kinori {var. Kanweri), (town), S.
Agra, 182.
Kinorf, 8. Nimol, S. Agra, 97, 194.
Kanpal {var, Kampil), s. Kanauj, S.
Agra, 96, 185.
Kanpour (town), S. Mult4n, 326 o 1.
Kapror, see Kazor.
Kan( {var. Kibiit)» s. Badaon, S.
DihH, 104, 289.
Kantat (village), S. AUahiiUd, 158.
Kantat, {var. Kantit), s. Allah&bad,
S. Allali&Md, 89, 161.
Kant Barha, s. Panar, S. Barir, 233.
Kin^i 8. Irij, S. Agra, 96, 188.
Kankot (fort), S. Gujarat, 250.
Kindwahan, {vah Kao^ Wahan), s.
Bafilah (Bari Dnab), S. Labor, 110,
319.
Kanweri, see Kandri.
Kanya Kubja (Kanauj), 280 e 2.
Kiio^ru (country), 117.
Kaoy Wiban, see Kindwahan.
Kapartbala (State), S. Labor, 310
U3.
Kari, see Batb K.
J^Hlbigh, 8. Kandabir, S. Kabul,
Kar^bi (town), 337 o 1, 344 o 2.
Kirab (bills)^^ S. Tattab, 337, 337 b
*• i
Karai, varjmri), s. Jale8ar, S. Orissa,
142.
KAraj, see Ta'alluk Sripat Kfrij.
Karak, see HaE&rab Karlak.
Karikat, see Kirakat.
Karakorum (city), 118 g 3.
Karal {var* Kbaral), 8. Dipilpur,
(Bacbnau Du4b), S. Mult4n, 113,
333.
Karamnasa (river), 151, 151 a 1.
Karan, see Keran.
Karan^a {var. Groranda), s. Lakbnaii,
8. Audb, 94, 179.
Karandab {var. Karendab), s. Gizi-
pur, S. Allababid, 90, 162.
Kilranja, s. Gawil, S. Barir, 232.
Kiranja A88y, see KAranja Bibi.
Karanja Bibi, {var. T. Pati, G.
Assi), 8. Giwil, S. Barir, 232.
Karanja Pati, see Kiranja Bibi.
Karanjg&on, 8. Gawil, S. Barar, 232.
Karankber, s. Narnalab, S. Barir,
284.
Karanpur, s. Babar, S. BabiLr, 154.
Karioli, 8. Kananj, S. Agra, 96, 185.
Karar, see Mandgaon K.
Kararab, see Karyat K.
Karari, 8. Ba8im, S. Bar£r, 235.
Karari, 8. Karrab, S. Allababad, 90,
168.
Karari Dbarari, see Garidbari.
Karatb, s. Madikumg, S. Barar, 236.
Karatoya, 313 a 2 (34).
Karbari, see Karnari.
Karbast, see Kobat.
Kardaba, s. Barbabibiid, 8. Bengal,
137.
Kardban, see Karoban.
Kard Jalar, s. JAlandbar, S. Labor,
110.
Karenda, see Karandab.
Kargaon, s. Sbarifabad, 8. Bengal,
140. [199.
Kargafb, 8. Raisin, S. Halwab, 112,
Kargon (village), 8. Kasbmir, 865.
Karbali, s. Sarangpur, 8. Malwah,
204.
Karbar {var. Karkar), s. Tattab, S.
Tattab (Multan), 340.
Digitized by
Google
51
Karharah, s. Bayanwan, 8. Agra, 189.
Karhari, s. Sarangpur, S. Milwah,
204.
Karhafba Kdram (var, Kharigdram,
^rsi-Kdram, Karmatkaram, Keh-
rigdrram, Kamikurain), s. Gawil,
S. Barir, 232.
Karhera, (var. Ghaserah), s. Tijirah,
8. Agra, 96, 19d.
Kari, see Kidi.
^ri, s. Abmadabad, 8. Gujarat, 268.
Karl. 8. Gujarat, 242.
Kari (ror. Ghari), s. Eohtas (Jech
D6ih), 8. Uhor, 110, 322.
Kari^i {var» Kariyali)* 8. Rohtas
(Jech Ddab), 8. Labor, 110, 822.
ifjurijit Dostpur, see Karyat D.
l^riyat Mendbab, see Karyit, M.
^riyat Mittd, see Karyat Maftd.
Kariyat Pali, see Karyat P.
i^riyat 8oi$tbab, see Karydt 8wetab.
Karjan (river), 8. Gujariit, 251 q3.
Karkar, see Karbar.
Karkaraon, see Kbarkbiraon.
Kark6t, see K6tgir.
Karlak, see Hazirab K.
Karmita, 313 e 2 (44).
Karmat Kdram, see Karbafba Kd-
ram.
Karmdn, see Himmat Kh^n K.
Kama (village), 8. Kasbmir, 8. Ka-
bul, 367.
Karnal, s. Dibli, 8. Dibli, 104, 287,
293 Q 3.
Kamilab, see Hosbiar K.
Kirnari (or 8ania) {var. Karbari), s.
Bacbnau Ddab, s. Labor, 321.
Kamij^ see Kranj.
Kamikdram, see Karbatba Kdram.
Karodab, s. 8drat, 8. Gujarat, 257.
Karoban {var, Gkirdban, Kardban),
8. Kasbmir. 8. Kabul, 371.
Karobi (var. Kerauli), s. Jalesar, 8.
Orissa, 143.
Karolaby s. Kanauj, 8. Malwab, 200.
Karofudi {var* Kirandet, Girdpadai),
(village) /i3. Kbandes, 226.
Karor, (var. Garvar Ka^aud), 8.
Rantbambbor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Karori,8 H£jkin, 8. Tattab (Multin),
340.
Karpab (var, Carrapa), (pass), 8.
K4bul, 401, 401 Q 1.
Karrab (sirkar), 8. Allabib4d, 90, 160,
167.
Karrab (Baldab-i) s. Karrab, 8. Al-
lababad, 90, 168, 305.
Karrab (Haveli) s. Karrab, 8. Al-
lababad,90, 167^2, 168.
Karsi Kdram, see Karbatba Kdram.
Karson, see K6s6n,
Karwalab, see Laroalab.
Karyat B^bil (var, K. Bel, K. Banel,
K. Babel), s. Gawil, 8. Barir, 232.
Karyat Bab^l, see Karyat B4bil.
Karyat Banel, see Karyiit Babil.
Karyat Bari, s. Giwil, 8. Barir, 232.
Karyit Bel, see Karyat Babil.
Karyat Dostpur (var. J^riyit D.), s.
Jaunpur, 8. AUabibad, 89, 164.
Karyat Kararab, (var, Kiryit K.), a.
Manikpur, 8. Allabibad, 90, 165.
Karyat Kbudawand Kbdn, s. Tclin-
ganab, 8. Barir, 237.
Karyat Ma(td, (var, l^ariyat Mittd),
8. Jaunpur, 8. Allababid, 89, 164.
Karyat Hen^ba^ s. Jaunpur, 8.
Allababad, 89, 16^
Karyat, Paegab (var, Kiryat P.), s.
Manikpur, 8. Allabib^d, 90, 165.
Karydt P&la, s. Giiwil, 8. Barir, 232.
Karyit Pali, (var. Kariyit P.), s.
Gbazipdr, 8. Allababiid, 90, 162.
Karyat Rie 8amd, s. 8trbind, 8.
Dihli, 105, 296.
Karyat Rajor, s. Narnalab, 8. Barar,
234.
Karyat Sberpur, s. Gawil, 8. Barar,
232.
Karyit, 8wotab {var. K. 8oetbab), s.
Jaunpur, 8. Allababad, 89, 164.
Karanja, s. Gawil, 8. A[ar, 232.
Kasai, (ta'alluk), s. cil^gbat, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Digitized by
Google
52
Kttsar, s. Na^ii-pur, S. Tattali (Mul-
tan,) 341.
Kasargaon, s. Tajpur, S. Bengal, 135.
^afbab Baligaon, s. Gawil, S. Barar,
232.
^I^bah Barigaou, a. Narnalah, S.
Barar, 234.
^I^a^bali Bistgao^ see If.. Hatgaou.
I^bah Hastgaon, see Hatgaoy.
J^a^bah Hatgion {var, E. Nitgnon»
K. Hastgaou, K. HastgaoQ, K.
Bistgaon), s. Narnalahi S. Barar,
234.
^[a^bah Jaror, s. Kherlah, S. Barar,
233.
I^bah Kalamb, $ee Kalamb.
4^bab Kallam, see Kalamb.
Ka9bah Kherab, s. Gawil, S* Barar,
232.
^[afbab Nitgnon, see K. Hatgaoy.
^A^bah Postab, s. Gawil, S. Barar,
232.
l^sbab Serala, s. Gawil, S. Barar,
232.
i^fbah Sdrab, see Sdrah.
Kashgbar (country), 311, 365, 390,
404^5.
Kasbgar ("Chitral), (var. Kashkar),
S. Kibul, 391, 391, B 2.
Kasbipur, s. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
Kashkar, see Kas^^r.
Kashkar, S. Kabul, 391 a 2, 392.
Kashmir (Sirkar,) 8. Kabul, 810, 310
U 7, 311, 312, 313. 343, 847, 347 n
3, 348, 348 o 1, 351, 351 u 2, 352 g 1,
354 B 2, 354 B 3, 356 a 3, 858 o 2,
358 0 3, 358 a 4, 362 a 4, 362 g 5,
363, 365 0 1, 366 0 4, 368, 371, 371
n 6, 877o 1, 379 o 4, 380, 381 n 2,
383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 387 n 1, 388
O 1, 388 B 2, 389, 889 © 1, 389 n 3,
390, 390 0 2, 390 0 4, 391 q 2.
Kashmir, s. Saran, S. Bahar, 156.
Kasi, (Benares), town, S. Allahabad,
158. J^
Kasia (var. ^hassa Regio), (coun-
try), 391 1[^.
Kasibah (fort), s. Katak, 8. Orissa*
144.
Kasijora, s. Jalesar, S. Orissa, 142.
Kasim i^li, see Kot K. All.
Kasindth (ta'aUo^), s. Khalifatabad, S.
Bengal, 134.
Kasli, s. NiLgor, S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Kismira, 813 b 2 (4).
Kisnah, s. Dihli, S. Dihli, 104, 287.
Kasodiya, s. Fat^abad, S. Bengal, 132.
Kasranj, see Kranj.
Kasraoi}, s. Bi jigafh, S. Malwah, 205.
Kasroz, see Kazor.
^a^iir, 8. Haibatpnr, (Bari Ddab), S-
Lihor, 110, 319.
Kaswar, s. Banaras, S. AUahibad,
89, 162.
Katak (var. K. Baniras) (Sarkar), S.
Orissa, 126, 143, 311 b 3.
Ka^ak Banaras, s. £[atak, S. Orissa,
126, 144, 311 B 3.
Katar, see Kator.
Katarah, see Kiyara Sundar.
Katarmal Bazu, s. Bazoha, S. Bengal,
138.
Katehar, s. Banaras, S. Allahab&d,
162. [13L
Ka(hachapa, s. Lakhnauti, S. Bengal,
Kathae, s. Kashmir, 363 b 1*
Kathar (var, Kankar), s. Sorafh, S.
Gujarat, 258.
Kather, see Kher.
Kathgarh, s. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
Kdthi, see Balas K.
Kathiawar (country), 239 b 1> 241 b 2,
243 B 5, 247 B 1> 247 b4, 247 b5,
248 B 3, 248 B 4, 249 B 2, 250 B 2.
Kathiyiiri, s. Fumiah, 8. Bengal, 134.
Ra|hla (var. Katihla), s. Gorakhpur,
8. Audh, 93, 175.
Kathohdh, s. Bachnau Duab, 8. La-
bor, 321.
Ka^ho^, see Khatot.
Katibahra, s. Bahar, S. Bahar, 154.
Ka(ihla, see Kathla.
Kiltikpur, s. Sonargaon, S. Bengal,
139.
Digitized by
Google
53
Katjnri (river), S. Orisaa, 127 o 1.
Katoli, see Khatoli.
Kator {var, Kior, Kanor, Katiir, Ki-
nor, Katar, Kunar). S. Kabul, 390,
390 o 3, 391, 392, 406.
Ka^sil, 8 Satgaon, S. Bengal, Ul.
Kafcdr, see Kator.
Kafcwahi, s. Batilah, S. Labor, 110.
Kaudasa (txMr. Ganda), 8. Ma^nda-
bad, S. Bengal, 133.
Kaudiyab, see Koijiya.
Kaunra, Kiini'a, see Koso^.
Kauf U, see Kudiyah.
Kannri Par^nah, see Kotri Parajah.
Kansar, Kautsar, see Kuth^r.
Kawa Kachhi, s. Ghoraghdt, s. Beng-
al, 136.
Kawar, Kawarpara, see Khawarparah.
Kawi, see Kadi.
Kawl (port), s. Gujarat, 243. j
Kayath, s. Sarangpur, S. Malwah,
204.
Kazihattah or Cosaimbazar, (town),
120.
J^ihatU 8. Barbakabad, S. Bengal,
137.
J^zipur, 8. Ma^mddabad, S. Bengal,
133.
Kazor {var, Kauror, Kasroz, Kiror,
Garvar), s. Jhalwarah, S. Gujarat,
242.
Keana Banaera {var, Ghata Saera),
8. Sora^b. S. Gujarat, 258.
Kear, see Kabar.
Kebl, see Kanel.
Kedabari, 8. Pinjarab, 8. Bengal, 137.
Kedar (var» Kidar, Ke^pur), s. Irij,
S. Agra, 96, 188.
Kedari, see Malotrai K.
Kedar kban<}, s. Jalesar, S. Orissa,
142.
Kedarpur, s. Kanauj, S. Malwab
200.
Ke<}pur, see Kedar.
Kebar, see Kaldeb K.
Kebnayl, see Kebl.
Kebrygurram, see Karbatba Kuram.
Kekri, s. Ajmer, S. Ajmer, 102, 278.
K^liikbari (city), (Keldkabri ?) S.
Dihli, 279.
KemuB, 8. Kumaon, S. Dibli, 289.
Ken (river), 157, 166. .
Kenab, see Ganab.
Kenar (var. Kanar), s. Kalpi, S. Agra,
97, 184.
Kenanr, see Kbawar.
Keran {var. Kberan, Karan, Goran,
Gey ran), 8. Nagor, S. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Ker^nab, see Kairanab.
Keranpur Kinar, see Kiratpur Ka-
nanda.
Kerapur {var. Kbarapur), 8. Sonar-
gdon, S. Bengal, 139.
Keratpur, see Kiratpur.
Keratpur, see Kiratpur K.
Kerauli, see Karobi.
K<^rjirab, see Garanjiyab.
Keri, see Karii.
Kesorab, s. Baisin, 8. Malwab, 112,
199.
Ket, 8. Madaran, 8. Bengal, 141.
Ketama, see Deola K.
Ketbal, see Kaitbal.
K^wai see Kowai.
Kbacb (Gand&va), {var. Kacb, Ka-
cbbi, Kacbb), 8. Multan, 326,336,
337, 337 u 4. 3^1 344^2.
Kbacbrod, s. Ujjain, 8. Malwab, 112,
198.
Kha^kbaiji, s. Gboragbat, 8. Bengal,
136. [277,
Kbiolab, 8. Nagor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
Kbder, s. Na^arbar, 8. Malwab, 208.
Kbaerab, s. Irij, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Kbagendrapur (town), s. Kasbmir,
8. Kibul, 356 n 3.
Kbaibar (pass), 8. Kabul, 399, 401,
401 nl.
Kbaibiildi, s. Multan (Bari Dnab), 8.
Multan, 329. ^
Khaibuldi {var, KAildldii, s. Mul-
tan (B^t Jalandba^nab), 8. Mul-
tan, 329.
Digitized by
Google
54
Khailiildi, tea Khaibnldi.
Sh^irabad (Sirkar), S. Audh, 93, 176
KhairaWd, s. Gagron, S. Malwah,
209.
Khaiiibad (Haveli)* s- ESiairabid,
S. Audh, 93, 177, 278.
B^hLbadf, s. Ghoraghat, 8. Bengal,
136.
Khairagafh, s. llahibas, 8. AUaha-
bid, 161.
Khairigarb, s. Kbairabad 8. Aadb,
93, 177.'
Khajanab {var» Gbarjanab), s. Bbak-
kar 8. Maltan,334.
Kbak^s, see Kbekas.
Kbakesb, see Khekas.
Kbakbari {var. Kakci, Kakbari), s.
Bfaakkar, 8. Molten, 334.
Khakbo^mar {par, Kbat^nmar,
8. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Kbaksen, see Kbekas.
KbaUpara, (var, Kablaparab, Ribla-
parib), s. Gorakbpur, S. Audb, 93,
176.
Kbalifatabad. (sarkir), 8. Bengal,
123, 134.
ESialifatabad, s. Kbalifatabad, 8.
Bengal, 134.
Sh^lifpur, B. Kbalifatabad, S. Bengal,
134.
Kbali^pur, 8. Ma|^mudabad, S.
Bengal, 133.
Kbaljipur, {var, Kbiljipur), s. Ran-
tbambbor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Kbaloli, Bee £[abt6nS.
Kbalsi, s. Gboiigbat, S. Bengal, 136.
Kbimgafb, e. Baifin, 8. Malwab,
112, 199.
Kbamna, see Bamna,
Kbampal, see Kanel.
Kban, see A^mad K.
Kban, see Barodad Fatc^ K.
Kbin, see B^l Gbazi K.
Kban, see Dera Ismail K*
Kbin, see Ddd K
Kbin, see Ks^gjdt Kbadawand K.
Kbin, see Tbiinab Mir K.
Kbanamnsba, (town), s. Kasbmir, 8.
Kabul, 356 o 3.
Kbananli, s. Tirbut, 8. Babar, 157.
Khin B4Ugb (city), 118, 118 b 3.
Kban<}, {var. Khandghosb), s. Sbarifa*
ULd, 8. Bengal, 140.
Kbanda, s. Tirbnt, 8. Babar, 157.
Kbandab, s. Hifir Finisab, 8. Dibit
105, 295.
Kbandir, s. Bantbambbor, s. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Kbandant, see Kban^ot.
Kband Bajrab (Buzurg), 8. Bayan-
wan), 8. Agra, 189.
Kband Bajrab (Shurd), s. Bayanwin,
8. Agra, 189.
Kban<}ela (rar. Kburela), s. Kalpi,
8. Agra, 97, 184.
Kban<}e1d, s. Namol, 8. Agra, 97.
194.
Shandes, {var, Kbandesb) (8ubafa),
115, 208 0 2, 218 n 2, 222,222^2,
228 0 3, 223 D 4, 225 o 1, 226, 227,
227 a 2, 231 a 4, 239, 251 q 3, 266.
Kbandesb, see Kbandes.
Kbandewi (port), 8. Gujarat, 243.
Kbandgbosh, see Khan^.
Kbandba, s. Bay^nwan, 8. Agra, 189.
Kbandi, s. 8onargaon, 8. Bengal,
139.
Kbandoba Islampur, s. Hin^eab, 8.
Milwab, 207.
Kbandot {var, KbandanOt s. Kalpi,
8. Agra, 97, 184.
Kbandwab {var, Kandbad), s. Bam-
garb, 8. Barar, 337.
Kbanel, see Kanel*
Kbanga, s. 8barif^bad, 8. Bengal,
140.
Kbani, see 8bamsb K.
Kbanjaria, s. Jbilwarab, 8. Gujarat,
242.
Kbanjawar, see Babat K.
Kbanjrab, s. Lakbnau, 8. Audb, 93,
178.
Kbankari, see Kankbari.
Kb4n Karmdn, see fiimmat K. K.
Digitized by
Google
55
Khinkatman, s. Shair4bad» S. Audh,
W. 177.
Khankes, see Khekas.
Khankharah (var, Khankrab, Khek-
rah), 8. Rantbambhor, S. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Khankrah, see Kbankharab.
Khanoi, see Kbatoli.
Khanoli, see Kbatoli.
Khanpar, s. Barl DiUb, S. Labor,
318.
Khanpur, s. Dipalpur (Racbnau
Duab), S. Multan, 113, 333.
Khanpur, b. Jaunpur, S. Allahiibad,
89, 163.
Kbanpar, s. Racbnau Dimb, S. Li-
bor, 820.
Kbanpur, b. Tijarab, S. Agra, 96,
193.
Kbinpur, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 130.
Kbanwa {var, Kbanwab), s. Agra, 6.
Agra, 96, 183.
Kbanwab, see Kbanw^.
Kbirah, see Gbalee K.
Kharakakan, s. Bbakkar, S. Multan,
384.
Kbarakdb^r, s. Betb Jalandbar, S.
Ubor, 317. [132,
Kbarakpur, s. Fafb&bAd, S. Bengal,
Kbaraksdr, a. Jalesar, S. Orisa, 142.
Ebaral, see Karal.
Kharal, s. Bilrbakiibad, S. Bengal,
137.
Kbaransab, see Kbarosna.
Kbarapdr, see Keripiir.
Kbirar, s. Satgaon, S. Bengal, 141.
Kbardar, see Kbaror.
Kb&r Darwazab, s. Hazirab, S.
lAhor, 111.
Kbir Darwasab, s. Sind Sagar Dti^b,
S. Labor, 324.
Kharelab, a. Kalinjar, S. Allabdbid.
90, 166.
Kbarhf, a. Mungber, S. Babar, 155.
Kbari, see Kbarni.
Kbarld, s. Jaunpur, S. Allabiibad, 89,
168.
I Kbarigtiranfi, see Karbifba Kiiram.
Kbarij Kbatu {var, K. Kbatin), s.
Nagor, S. Ajmer, 102, 277. '
Kbari Jiinab, b. Gbakarbalab, S.
Tattab (Multan), 841.
' Kbarjab, see Kburjab.
I Kbarkii, a. Siirat, 8. Gujarat, 257.
Kbark^, a. Telinganab, 8. Barar,
237.
Kbarkbandab, see KbarkbudaL.
Kbarkbaraon (var. Karkarion), a.
Jalandbar, (Bari Diiib), S. Libor,
110, 319.
Kbarkbela, a. Shairibad, 8. Andb,
93, 177.
Kbarkbudab, (var, Kbarkbandab), a.
Dibli, 8. Diblf, 104, 287.
Kbarli, see Bharli.
Kbarli Tarli, a. Racbnau Duib, 8.
Labor, 321.
Kbarni (var. Kbarti, Kbari), 8. Ran-
thambbor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Kbarnun, a. Man^l^er, 8. Agra, 190.
Kbaronaa, see Kbaroana.
Kbaroa^ (var. Kbaronaa, Kbur&aa),
a. Bbaraich, 8. Audb, 93, 176.
Kbarti, see Kbarni.
Kbaa, a. B&rbakabid, 8. Bengal, 137.
Khigbari. r. Gboriigbat, 8. Bengal,
136.
Kbiiapur Jan^aff, a. Jaunpur, 8. Al-
lahabad, 89, 163.
Kbat, 8. 8ewistan, 8. Tattab (Multiin),
340.
Kbata (var. Cathay, Ktiatbai, Kbitai,
Kbatba) (country), 118, 118 © 2,
385.
Kbata I Bazu, a. Bazoba, 8. Bengal,
138.
Kbatauli (var. Kbatoli), s. Sabaran-
pur, 8. Dibli, 105, 292.
Kbatba, see Kbata.
Kbatbai, see Kbata.
Khatia, see DeoU '.
Kbatiban, see Jui
Kbatibiri, s. Gbora^Mt, 8. Bengal,
136.
loragilt.
Digitized by
Google
56
Khatiyari, see Khefcari.
Khafki, s. Mungher, S. Bahar, 155.
Khaiolah, s. Irij, S. Agra, 96, 188.
Khatolah, 8. Kanauj, S. M41wah, 200.
Khatoli, 8. Gwaliyar, S. Agra, 187.
Kbatoli (var, Katoli, Khanoi, Khano,
li), 8. Ranthambhor, S. Ajraer, 102,
275.
Khatoli, see Khataali.
Khatot(t?ar. Kathot), a. Manikpur, S.
Aliahabiid,90,'l65.
Khatpur, 8. MulUn (Bari Duab), S.
Multan, 329.
Khatpur, B. Maltan (Bachnau Duab),
S Maltan, 326, 326 a 1, 330.
Khatrah, a. Katak, S. Orisaa, 144.
Khatta, a. Pinjarah, S. Bengal, 137.
Kbattah (van Kh^sah, Kanah), a.
Beth Jalandbar, S. Labor, 316.
Khat^ar, see Balak K.
Khattar, see Harri K.
Khattar, see Nala K.
Kha^ar, see Nokoairal K.
Khat^r, see Para K. [369.
Khaitar, a. Kaahmir, S. K^bal, 358,
Khattar or Kirthar (hills), S. Tattah
(Maltan), 337.
Khal^onmar, see Khakhonmar.
Khatta (town), a. Nagor, S. Ajmer,
24l'a 1.
Kha^u, see Kharij K.v
Khatwar (var, Khatwarah, Kiahtwa-
rah, Kiataw^r) (hilla), a. Kashmir,
310, 310 a 7.
Khotw^ (village) S. Labor, 311.
Khatwarah, see Khatwar.
Khawa, see Kahwar.
Khawak (paaa), S. Kabul, 399, 399 n
3, 400 a 1.
Khawar {var. Kenaar), a. Kherlah,
S. Barar, 234.
Khawiirpiah, a. Kashmir, S. Kabul,
359, 359 Q 2, 369.
Kheiri, see Khetan.
Khekaa {var, Khjnes, Khankea, Kha-
keah, Ganj^^^maksen), a. Irij, S.
Agra, 96, 188.
Khekrah, see Kankharah.
Khektar, a. Laknanti, S. Bengal, 131.
Khelapur, a. Kalamb, 8. Barir, 235.
KheUt (country), 337 a 4.
Khelgaon, a. Mungher, S. Bahar, 155.
Khelgari, a. Kandahar, S. Kibul,397.
Kheljhari, a. Panar, S. Barir, 2:33.
Khelohar, a. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 192.
Khelphati, a. Ma^miidiibdd, S. Ben-
gal, 133.
Khelu Khiiroh, see Ghalu K.
Kheno^, a. Mahor, S. Barir, 236.
Kheonaar, (var, Kheunaar), a.
Jodhpur, S. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Khep, see Gheb.
Kher, see Amar K.
Kher, {var. Kather, Kombhir), S.
Ajmer, 271, 271 ft 7.
Khera, a. Raiain, S. Malwah, 112, 199.
Kheragarh, a. Allahabad, S. Allaha-
bad, 89 ft 3.
Kherah, see ^fbab K.
Kherah, see Lekin K.
Kherah, a. Beth J^landhar, S. Uhor,
317.
Kheralii, s. Pattan, S. Gujarat, 254,
254 ft 2.
Kheran, see Keran.
Kheri, a. Ehalrab^d, S. Audh, 93,
173, 177.
Kheri h&t, (var, Ghatripal, Khetery-
haul), a. Bayanwan, S. Agra, 189.
Kherlah, see Sakkar K.
Kherlah (fort), S. Barir, 229.
Kherlah (Sarkiir), S. Barir, 232, 233.
Kherlah, a. Kherlah, S. Barar, 233.
Kh^rtahli, see Khirtahali.
Kherwa, a. Jodhpur, S. Ajraer, 102,
276.
Kherwah, a. Ajmer, S. Ajmer, 102,
273.
Khea, see Gheb.
Kh^aah, see Kha^tah.
Khet, {var. Khea, Khep), see Gheb.
Khetari {var. Khatiyari, Kheari), a.
Ghoragh&t, S. Bengal, 136.
Kheter}'haul, see Kherihat.
Digitized by
Google
57
Eheiinkher^, s. Beth Jalandhar, S.
Labor, 317.
Kheunsar, see Kheonsar.
Khiljipnr, see Khaljipur.
Hiiljipur, 8. Raisin, S. Malwah, 112,
199.
Khiljipur, s. Sarangpur, S. Malwah,
203.
Khimlasah, s. Baisin, S. Malwah, 112,
199.
Khinjan, S. Kabul, 400, 400 0 1.
Rhirtahali, {var. Khertahli), s.
Alwar, S. AjBcra, 96, 192
Khitai, see Khata.
Khizrabad, s. Sirhind, S. Dihli, 105,
278, 296.
Rhizrikhdni, s. Ma(imudabfid, S.
Bengal, 133.
Khizrpnr, a. Lakhnauti, S. Bengal,
131.
Khizrpnr, s. Sonirgaon, S. Bengal,
138.
Khoblori, s. Sdrat, S. Gujarat, 257.
Khod^na, s. Namol, 8. Agra, 97, 194.
Kbodi, 8. Saharanpur, S. Dihli, 160,
292.
Khohari Bana, s. Alwar, S. Agra,
96, 192.
Khoi, B. Kashmir S. Kabul, 371.
Khoihama, a. Kashmiri S. Kabul,
364,370.
Khojend or Alexandria Eachata,
(town), 119 u 1.
Khokhar, see Khokharwal.
Khokharain (va/r. K. Lakhi), a. Dipil-
pur, (Duab Beth JAlandhar), S, Mul-
tan, 113, 332.
Khokharwal {var, Khokhar), a. Haza-
rah (Jech Duib), S. Labor, 111,
322.
Khokhow&l {var, Ghoghowal), a. Bata-
lah (Bari Ddab), S. Labor, 110, 319.
Khokral, a. Khalifatabad, S. Bengal,
134.
Khokri see Aukhri.
Kholapur, a. Gawil, S. Bardr, 232.
Khora ka Thanah, see Kahwar.
8
Khoram {var, Giihram), a. Sirhind,
S. Dihli, 105, 296, 302.
Khorasan, see Khuraa&n.
Khorgao^, a. Bijagarh, S. Malwah,
206.
Shot Makand, a. Sharifabad, S.
Bengal, 139.
Khrin (village), a. Kashmir, 358.
Khudawand Khan, see Kary^t K. K.
Khulna (District), S. Bengal 116 u 3.
Khulu (town), S. Gujarat, 251.
Khunamoh (village), a. Kashmir, .356
U3.
Khurasan (country), 110 © 1, 389,
394, 399 0 2, 400, 400 u 1, 401 o 4,
412, 413, 414.
Khurela, see Khand^la^.
Khurjah, (var, Kharjah), a. Kol, S.
Agra, 97, 186.
Khurrampur, S. Mal^miidib^d, S.
Bengal, 183.
Khuahdb, a. Hazarah (Sind Sagar
Duab), S. L^hor, 111, 323.
Khuahiilgarh, (town), S. Kabul, 401
ft 2.
Khutlan, S. Kabul, 892, 392 q 4.
Khuziatan (country), 413 d 1.
Khwajah Hamii (Shrine), S. Kabul,
404.
Ehwajah Beg-i-Bawan (tract), S.
Kabul, 409, 409 f 2.
Khwajah Boshanai, (tomb), S. Kabu1»
404.
^ibchik (var, Kipchdk) (pasa), S.
Kabul, 400, 400 Q 1.
Kidal (var. Kand^l), a. Nafirpur, S.
Tattah (Multan), 841.
Kidar, see Kedar.
Kila Beiza, 8. Kabul, 400 n 1.
Killah Nawagarh, see Nawagarh.
Kilukhari (va/r, Kelukhari), (town), S>
Dihli, 279.
Kinar, see Kiratpur Kananda.
Kinor, see Kator.
Kior, see Kator.
Kipchiik, see Kibchak.
Kiraj, see Sripat K.
\
Digitized by
Google
58
Kirilkat {ftar, Karikat), s. Jannpur,
S. Allahabad, 89, 164.
Kirakh (van Kiraj), S. Tattha (Mul-
tan), 344 Q 2.
Kirandei, see Kardnda.
Kiranj, see Kranj.
Kiranpur Kinar, see Keratpur Kan-
anda.
Kiratpur {var, Keratpnr), s. Sam-
bhal, S. Dihli, 105, 290.
Kiratpnr, S. Sharifabad, S. Bengal,
140.
Ktratpiir Kananda (vor. Kiranpdr
Kin&r), s. Korarab, S. AUi^abad,
90, 167.
Kirauli (State), 250 u l-
Kirjhak, (txw. Girjhak), a. Sind Sagar
Ddab, S. Labor, 324.
Kiror, see Kazor.
Kirtbar (bills), S. Tattab (Multan),
337 a 2, 337 a 4.
Kiryit Karirah, see Karjat K-
Kiryat P^egib, see Karyit P.
Kisban Ganga, S. Kasbmir, 347.
Kisban Gfanga (var. Kisbn G.) (river),
S. Kasbmir, 347, 391.
Kisbn Ganga, see Kisban G.
Kisbni, 8. Audb, S. Audb, 93, 174.
Kisbtawir (country), 385.
Kisbtwarab, see Khatwar.
Kistaw^r, see Kbator&r.
Kistni (river), 230 a 1.
Kiyampnr, see Lakbi K.
Kiyampdr, s. Mandeswar, S. Malwab,
* 208.
Kiyarab, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Kiyara Sundar (t«w. Katarab S.) (vil-
lage), 124, 124 a 3.
Ko^ab (fTOf. Gawa), s. Siran, 8. Ba-
bar, 156.
Kod^kband, s. Tirbut, S. Bahar, 157.
Kod4nagar, s. Barbak^bacL 8. Bengal,
137.
Kodi (var, ? Chambal, Lowdy, Loni)
(river), S. mwab, 195, 205.
Kodiya (tT^^jICindiyab, Kaujiyi), s.
Jaunpnr, S* Allabibad, 89, 164.
Kodla, B. Sbarifabiid, 6. Bengal, 140.
Koba, 8. Jbalwarab, S. Gujarat, 242.
Kobinab, s. Godbri, 8. Gujarat, 258.
Kobanab, r. Bewiiri, S. Dibli, 105,
293.
Kobanab (Dastdr), s. Bewari, S.
Dilbi, 105.
Kobast, see Kobat.
Kobat (town), 8. Kabul, 393 a 2.
Kobat (car. Kobast, Karbast), s. Ka-
bul,S. Kdbul,407a2,412.
Kobbar (Baragar) (va/r, Korahyar),
(town), S. Tattab (Multan), 337, 337
a 2.
Kob IHman, see Daman-i-kob.
Kob-i-Sulaiman (bill), s. Kashmir, S.
Kibul, 355.
Kob Mujabid, s. Sahar, 8. Agra, 96,
195.
Kobrana, 8. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 192.
Koibari, see Sberpur K.
Koil. see Kol.
Kojan, 8. Chanderi, 8. Malwab, 203.
Kojiirab, s. Nigor, 8. Ajmer, lOi
277.
Kokaran, s. Ghordgbat, S. Bengal,
136.
Kokar Nag (spring), s. Kashmir, S.
Kibnl, 356.
Kol (var, Koil) (Sarkar), S. Agra, 97,
160, 186.
Kol, 8. Kol, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
Kol (Dastiir), s. Kol, S. Agra, 97.
Kolab, s. Jaunpur, 8. AUabilbad, 89,
164.
Kolakot, a. Chanderi, 8. Malwah,
203.
Kolaras, s. Narwar, 8. Agra, 190.
Kolbariyd, s. Malimiidttbid, 8. Beng-
al, 133.
Kol Dboilr, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 9%,
192.
Kolewab, s. Ndgor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Koibari, see K6tbri.
Koligit, see Kondi K.
Koma, see Soltara Ajiydl.
Digitized by
Google
59
Kombhalmer (vcur. Kumalmcr, Ko-
molmair) (fort), S. Ajmer, 268,
266 a2.
Kombhir, see Kher.
KoTDulmair, see Kombhalmer.
Konbhf, B. Lakhnau, 8. Audb, 94,
179.
Konedhupour, see Gidhanr.
Kondi Kohjat (t;ar. Gondi Lalciyat)
(port), 8. Gujarat, 246.
Kopa dibit, 8. Gbaztpur, 8. AUab^-
bid, 90, 162.
Rora, $ee Rorarab.
Kora, s. Gboragbat, 8. Bengal, 136.
Kora {var, Korarab)* b, Kora, Allaha-
bad, 90, 157 © 10. 167.
Koridi, s. Tirbut, 8. Bahar, 157.
Korahyar, see Kohbar.
Korai, 8. Raisin, 8. Malwab, 112, 199.
Korarah (vor. Korab) (sarkar), s. AI.
lababad, 90, 160, 167.
Korarah (Dastur), s. Korarah, 8-
Alabab4d,90.
Korarah (Haveli), e. Korarah, 8. Al-
lahabad, 90. 167.
Korath, a. Mahor, 8. Barar, 236.
Korba, 8. Giwil, 8. Barar, 232.
Korhar, s. Kakmb, 8. Barir, 285.
KorS, 8S€ Hasanpur K.
Kori, 8. Mandeswar, 8. Malwah, 208.
Rorinar, s. Nagbar, 8. Gujarat, 244.
Korinar (port, shrine), 8. Gujarat,
246,259.
Korinar, s. 8orath, S. Gujarat, 258.
Korkhatri (var, Gorkbatri) (shrine),
8. Kibul, 404, 404 u 6.
Korori, s. Chanderi, 8. Malwah, 202.
Ko8, 8. 8urat, 8. Gujarat, 257.
Kosa, s. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal, 132.
A.osada, see Gobinda.
Kottah Nag, see Kuthar.
Kosampaltah, s. Telinganab, 8. Ba-
rar, 237. [274.
Kosianah, a. Chitor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
Koson (var. Kunra, Karson, Kurson,
Kursoon), 8. Karrah, 8. Allahabad,
90, 168.
Kosri, 8. Patbri, 8. Barar, 236.
Kot, see Chatar K.
Kot, see Gbiriya K.
Kot, 8. Robtas, 8. Bahar, 157.
Kofa, (for. Kotah), 8. Banthambhor,
8. Ajmer, 102, 217 g 2, 268 g 1, 275,
275 g. 6. SeeKo^,
Kotah, 275 g 6.
Kofdes, 8. Katak, 8. Orissa, 144.
Kotgir (ww. Karkot, Garkot), s. Te-
linganab, 8. Barir, 237.
Kothal, 8. Namilah, 8. Barar, 234.
Kothi, 8. Beth Jiluidbar, 8. Labor,
317.
Kothi Bari (var. K. Tiri), s. Ghora-
gbit, 8. Bengal, 136.
Ko^bi T6ri, see Kofhi Biri.
Kdtbiya, see Kalingae K.
Kotbli, 8. Narnilah, 8. Batar, 234.
Kofbri (vof. Kolhari), s. Sonargaon,
8. Bengal, 139.
Kbtia {var. Kntii), b. Kora, 8. Allah-
abad, 90, 167.
Kotiana, s. 8orath, 8. Gujarat, 258.
Kotihar (village), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul, 358, 358 g 2.
Kotipali (village), 8. Barar, 228 g 6.
Kotiya, see Nakarchal K.
Kotiya (var, Kota), eee 8adkiohal K.
Kot J^sim 'All, 8. Bewarf, 8. Dibit,
105, 293. ^
Kotla, 8. Karrah, 8. Allahabad, 90,
168.
Kotlah, 8. Bari Ddab, 8. Labor, 319.
Ko^lab, 8. Beth Jalandhar, 8. Ldbor,
317.
Kotlah (var, Kubana), s. Gorakhpur.
8. Audb, 93, 175.
Kotlah, 8. Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Kotlahar, s. Beth Jalandhar, 8. La-
bor, 317.
Kotli (village), s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul,
347 g 3.
Kotli Parawab, see Kotri Parayab.
Kot Potli, s. Namofc 8. Agra, 97,
194. V
Kotpdtli (village), 8. Ag&, 1^2.
Digitized by
Google
60
Kotra, 8. Bikiner, S. Ajmer,278.
Kotra, 8. Bohtas, S. Bahar, 157.
Kotrah, 8. Mando, 6. Malvrah, 112,
207.
Kotri (Sarkar), S. Malwah, 112.
Kotri Parayah (var. K. Baranah,
Kaunri Paranah, Kotli Parawah),
(Sarkar), S. Malwah, 209.
Kotri Parayah, s. Kotri Parayah, S.
Malwah, 209.
Kot Salb&han (var, Ko^ Salbahan), s.
Bad£on, 8. Dihli, 104, 289.
Kotwili, 8. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Kotwali, 8. Satgaon, 8. Bengal, 140.
Konnry ParanaJi, tee Kotri Parayah.
Kowai (twr. Knai, Kewai), 8. Allah-
abad, 89, 161.
Kowtry Beranah, see Kotri Parayah.
Koyakhai (river), 127 o 1.
Kozrah, 8. Mungher, 8. Bahar, 155*
Kranj (var, Kasranj, Kiranj, Kami j),
8. Atimaddbad, 8. Gujarat, 253.
Krokala, 8. (Tattah) Multan, 344 e 2.
Kiiai, see Kowai.
Kdch (country), 8. Bengal, 117, 121.
Kuhan (nver), 8. Lahor, 323, 323 u B.
Kuhana, see Kotlah.
Kiihram, see Khoram.
Kuli Bazar (Jorpuri), s. Ghoraghat,
8. Bengal, 136.
KuUer Kaher, see Kaldeh Kehar.
Kullu (country), 2^ o 4, 310, 310 q 4.
ij^ulzum, see Tel J^.
i^ulzum, Egyptian, (country), 121.
Kumalmer, see Kombhalmdr.
Kumaon Hills, 278.
Kumaov (8arkar), 8. Dihi, 105, 280,
289.
Kumhari, 8. Nagor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
277.
Kunar, see Kator.
Kunar river, 8. Kabul, 405 u 1.
Kiinch, see Kunj.
Kundarki, see Kandarki.
Kundoj, 8. Joj&pur, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276. J
Kunduz (coiBftTtty), 220 u 5, 399 u 3.
Kuner, 8. Kabul, 392, 392 q 2, 392
ft4.
Kunj (ran Kunch), 8. Irij 8.Agra, 96,
188.
Kdvra, see K68dn.
Kuywar Partab, 8. Udner, 8. Bengal,
130.
Knram, see Karhatba K.
Kurram, river, 398 g 6, 401 q 2.
Kursi, 8. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93, 178.
Kurson, see Koson.
Kurukehetra (lake), 8. Dihli, 281,
282, 283, 284, 313 g 2 (24).
Kush, see Hindu K.
Ku8h£n (vaUey), ^. Kabul, 400 o 1.
Ku8hk Nakhod, s. Ij^andahar, 8.
Kibul, 398.
^utabpur, 8. Ma^iidabad, 8. Bengal,
133.
Kntanah, s. Dihli, 8. Dihli, 104, 287.
Ku^bpur, see Mahakanghat.
Kuthar txu*. Kausar, Kautsar, Kosah
Nag) (apring), s. Kashmir, 6. Ki-
bul, 362, 362 a 3.
Kutia, see Kotia.
Kutiya Gunir, 8. Allahabad, 176 n 2.
Kuwarpur, s. Tajpur, 8. Bengal, 135.
Kyampur, see Lakhi K.
J^yimpur, s. Mandeswar, 8. Malwah,
208.
Kyar, see Kahar.
Labdar, s. Kashmir, 378.
Lachmah-kul (river), s. Kashmir,
355.
Ladak {var, Ladakh) (country), 118
a 2, 351 g 2, 409 g 3.
La^kher, s. Kalamb, 8. Barar, 235.
Ladon, 8. Nagor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Lidu (var, Lawed), s. 8ylhet, 8.
Bengal, 139.
Lad war i, see Kadwari.
Lahari Bandar (vwr. Bandar Lahari),
(port), 8. Tattah, 336, 336 g 1.
Lihari Bandar, s. I'attah, 6. Multan,
Digitized by
Google
61
Laharpur, s. Khairabad, S. Audh, 93,
177.
Labarpur, s. Raisin, S. Malwah, 112,
199.
Lahaud (var, Lahiiwad), 8. Bantham-
bhor, S. Ajmer, 102, 276.
Lahor {var. Lohawar) (city), S. La-
bor, 180 o5, 303, 304, 305, 310,
312, 318, 326 g 1, 827, 390.
Labor (Dastiir), s. Libor, 6. Labor,
110.
Labor {var, Biri Diiib) (Sarkir), 8.
Ubor, 110, 318.
Ubor (Sdbab), 110, 110 o 2, 115, 281
Q 4, 304, 310, 816 g 1, 325, 326 g 2.
Labrpur (or Mu^ammadpur), s.
Bijagarh, 8. Malwab, 206.
Labubdti, s. Kalamb, Bariir, 235.
Lakbanpar, s. Mangbir, 8. Bab4r,
155.
Lakhawat (v(Mr, Lakiawat), s. 8ewis-
tan, 6. Tattah (Multan), 340.
Lakbi, Bee Df pilpar L.
Lakbi, see Lakkhi.
Lakbi (var, Kbokharain L.), s. Di-
palpar (Betb Jalandbar Diiab), 8.
Hnltan, 113, 332.
Lakbi 'Alampur (var, 'iflampur), 8.
Dipalpur,(Birdn-i-Panjad), 8. Mai-
tan, 118, 833.
Lakbf BiU Bboj (var, Bihk B., s.
Dipilpnr (Beth Jalandbar Diiab),
S. Multan, 118, 332.
Lakbi Gbabni, (var, Cbabni), s. Di-
palpur, (Biri Ddab), 8* Multan,
113, 382.
Lakbi Jangli (var, Jangal), s. Dipil-
pur Birdn-i-Panjnad), 8. Multan,
113, 333.
Lakbi I^bulab, see Kabulab Lakbi.
Lakbi Kalnarki (var. Kalnaki L.),
s. Dipalpur (Bctb Jalandbar Ddab),
8. Multan, 113, 832.
Lakbi ^iyimpur (var, ^iyampdr, L.),
s. Dip&lpur (Betb Jalandbar Ddab),
8. Multin, 118, 332.
Lakbi Losfani, see Lakbi Yusfani.
Lakbi Loskani, see Lakbi Yusfani.
Lakbi Ba^imabad (var, Ra^imabad),
8. Dipilpur (Bari Dd&b), 8. Mul-
tan, 113, 332.
Lakbi Yusfani (var. L. Losj^ni, L.
Ynskani, L. Losfini), s. Dipalpur,
(Betb Jalandbar Ddab), 8. Multan,
113, 332.
Laki Ydskani, aee Lakbi Yusfani.
Lakbnau (city), 8. Audb, ITS.
Lakbnau (Dastdr), 8. Audb, 93.
Lakbnau (Havell), s. Lakbnau, 8.
Audb, 94, 179.
Lakbnau (Sarkar), 8. Audb, 98, 177.
Lakbnauti (town), 122, 148.
Lakbnauti (or Jannat&bid) (Sarkar),
8. Bengal, 131.
Lakbnauti (or Gkiur), s. Lakbnaute,
8. Bengal, 131.
Lakbnauti, s. 8abaranpur, 8. Dibli,
105, 292.
Lakbn^r, see Lakbnesar.
Lakbnesar (var, Lakbner), s. Gbazi-
pur, 8. Allabibid, 90, 162.
Lakbnor, s. Bacbnau Ddib, 8. La-
bor, 321. [290.
Lakbndr, s. Sambbal, 8. Dibli, 105,
Lakbnor (Dastdr), s. 8ambbal, 8.
Dibli, 105, 290.
L4kbri, s. Bantbambbor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275. ^
Lakiawat, see Lakbawat.
Lakiyat see Kondi Koliyit.
Lakkbi (Ulls), s. Tattba, 337, 337 g 2
337 g 4.
Lala Koal (or Pobru), river, 8.
Kasbmir, 363 g 1.
Lalandar (village), 8. Kabul, 404.
Lalang (var, Nalang, Talang, Lclang).
s. Ehandes, 8. S3iandes, 222, 222 g
4,225.
Lallatpur, s. Cbanderi, 8. Malwab,
201.
Lalsangi, s Betb Jalandbar, 8.
Ubor, 317. ^
Lamgban, (country), ^^abul, 405,
405 g 1, 405 g 3, 406.
Digitized by
Google
62
Lamghiniit, see Lamghan.
Lang, Bee Hatiyar L.
Langafa Tiyar, (var» Langah Biyar),
8. Sindh Sagar Diiab, 8. Ldhor,
324.
Laniyan, s. Ma^ddibad, S. Bengal,
133.
Lanji, s. Kanauj, S.Malwah, 200.
Lanka, 313 u 2 (49), 371 u 6.
Lanka (isletX B. Kaahmir, 6. Kabul,
364 oL
Lapoti, 8. Narnol, S. Agra, 97, 194.
Lar, 8. Kashmir, 8. Kiibul, 363, 990.
Laroalah {var. Karwilah), a. Cbaii-
deri, 8. Malwah, 203.
Lashkar, (var. Lashkarpar), s. Li^di-
nan, 8. Andh, 94, 179.
Lashkarpar, see Laahkar.
Laskarpur, s. Barbakib^d, 8. Bengal,
137.
Lassa, (city), 409 g 3.
Lathi, s. Grohilwara, 8. Gujarat, 244.
La^hi, 8. 86ra(h, 8. Gujarat, 259.
Launda, s. Hajkan, 8. T^tah (Mnl-
tan), 3i0.
Launkohal, s. Ma^udabad, 8. Beng-
al, 133.
Lavapur (city), 8. Kashmir, 381.
Lawariy see Tewari.
Lawed, see Ladu.
Lekin Kherah, s. ];attah, S. Multan,
340.
Lelang, see Lalang.
Lemora Banwa, see Lemora Batwa.
Lemora Batwa {txMr. Lemora Banwa),
8. 86rath, S. Gujarat, 258.
Leswah {var. LisMT&h), s. Sambhal, S.
Dihli, 105, 290.
Lidar (river), s. Kashmir, 359 d 1,
359 u 2.
Limri, s. Jbalwarah, 8. Gujarat, 242.
Li swab, see Leswah.
Little Cutch (Kachh), S. Gujarat,
250.
Little Kabul, sef Kabul, Little.
Little Tibet, 3|^, 350, 364.
Lodi {var. lSK!} (river), 195 o «•
Logar, (river) 8. Kabul, 404 o 2.
Loghar, s. Kabul, 8. Kabul, 406,
408 g 2, 411.
Lohara, see Yunt L.
Lohara 8. Dindes, 8. Sbandes, 225.
Lohari, s. Sarat, 8. Gujaiit, 257.
lioharw^rah, 6. Banthambhor, 6.
Ajmer, 102, 275.
Lohawar (city), see Labor.
L<Shl Dheri {var. L6idheri), 8. Jalan-
dhar, 8. Labor, 110, 317.
Loidh^ri, see Lohi Dheri.
Lolor, 8, Jech Duab, 8. Labor, 322.
Lopdah, 8. Banthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102,275.
Loni, see Kodi.
Loni,9ee 8un].
Lorakh {var. Norakh, Niirek, Gorak),
8. Bahroch, 8. Gujarit, 256.
Losdah, s. Bohtis, 8. Uhor, 110.
Losfani, aee Lakhi L.
Loskani, see Lakhi L.
Lowiikoh {var. Lowarikoh), s. Bija-
garh, 8. Malwah, 206.
Lowarikoh, see Lowaikoh.
Lowdy, aee K6di.
Lower Tibet (country), 118.
Lucknow, see Lakhnao.
Ludhianah, s. 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 105,
278, 296, 310.
Luhgion, 8. Pathri, 8. Barar, 236.
Liihgion, s. Telinginah, 8. Barir,
237.
Liilianii, s. Bora^h, 8. Gujarat, 258.
Liiliyanah {va/r. Bauliana)^ s. Gohil-
warah, 8. Gujardt, 244.
Lunar, s. Mahkar, 8. Barar, 230.
Luni {var. Loni), s. Dihli, 8. Dihli,
104, 288.
Luristan (country), 413 o 2.
Lusigan, see Buslk&n.
Machhamn (island) b. Kashmir, 8>
Kabul, 364.
Machharha^ah, s. Khairabad, 8.
Audh, 93, 177.
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Google
63
Hiiohhafca {var. Miljflcta), 8. Jalesar,
S. Orissa, 142.
Machhipnr (vof . Machhiw^ra Sirhind,
S. Dihli, 106, 296, 310.
Machhiwirah, s. Sirhind, 8. Dihlu
296, 310.
Macbhukanta, s. Jh^lwarah, S. Gnja-
rjit,242. '
Machiapora (pargana), s. Kasmir, S.
Kabul, 365 u 2.
Machin, see Mahachin.
Madan Banaras {new Zaminiyab), s.
•Ghizipur, S. Allababid, 90, 162.
Madaran (Haveli), r. Mad^ran, S.
Bengal, 141.
Madiran (Sarkar), S. Bengal, 116,
125, 141.
Madarija, s. Ohitor, S. Ajraer, 102,
274.
Madarodra, see N^diirah.
Mader, 6. Kibnl, 400 o 1.
Madhariya, s. KhalifaUbiid, S. Beng-
al, 134.
Madhkher, see Makat M.
Madhodiya, s. Ma^mddAbad, 8, Beng-
al, 1S3.
Madhol, 8. Telinganah, S. Barar, 237.
Madhona, see Badhona.
Madhopur (village), 8. Gujarit, 246
0 6.
Ma^iao^, 8. Lakhnau, 8. Andh, 94,
179.
Madlkurag (Sirkar), 8. Bar&r, 236.
Madnawatf, s. LakhnautI, 8. Bengal,
131.
Madrddrah, see Nadurah.
Madui, 8. Hajk^n, 8. Tattah (Mnltdn,
340.
Magadba, 313 u (51).
Magatpnr {var. Makashpnr), s. Ghora-
ghiU 8. Bengal 136.
Magyar, see Manghar.
Maghirkah (pass), see Damgb4r.
Maglor, see Manghdr.
Magora, s. 8atg4on, 8. Bengal, 141.
Mah, 8. Allahabad, 8. Allahib^d, 89,
161.
Mahiiohiii (vaf. Itf^chin) (country),
118, 118 0 2.
Mabadeo, see Mul M.
Mabiideva (mountain), 8. Kashmir,
350. [203.
Mahadpiir, s. Chanderi, 8. Malwah,
Mahadra, see Mahandrdii.
Mahadwarah, s. Grodhr^, 8. Gujarat,
258.
Mab^eoh (Mir. Mah^ich), 8. Chun^r,
8. AUahabid, 90, 165.
Mahagaoy, see Mangao^.
Mahaich, var, Mabliech.
Mab^kingh&t (var, Kutbpur), s. Ja-
lesar, 8. Orisea, 143.
Ma^al, see itk M.
Mat^al, see Kali M.
Mahanadi (river), 126. 127 u h
Mahand, s. Mnltan (Birdn-i-Panj-
nad), 8. MultAn, 331.
Mahandra, see Mahandrda.
Mahandrah, see Bij, M.
Mahandrda (var. Mahadra, Mahand-
ra), 8. 8ora(h, 8. Gujarat, 244.
Mabanth, see Metth.
Maharanthol r. Gorakhpur, 8. Audh,
93.
Mahasror (tww. Mahror), 8. Parsaror
(Rachnau Duab), 8. Uhor, 110, 821.
MahauH, see Maholi.
Mahawa, 6 Agi'^ 8. 4gra, 96, 183.
Mahawan, see Mahiwa.
Mahen (var. Mablr), s. Narnalah, 8.
Barar, 234.
Mahend, see Mandah.
Mahendri (river), 8. Gujarat, 239,
250, 253.
Mahenteh, see Metth.
Mah^r, s. Bahdr, 8. Bah&r, 154.
Mahes, s. Dipalpur (Raohnan DdAb),
8. Mult^n, 333.
Mahesar (var. Choli Mahesar), s.
Mando, 8. Malwah, 112, 206.
Mahesarpur, s. I|^hmddabad, 8.
Bengal, 133. V
MaheR Mindal, s. HWffat^bad, 8.
Bengal, 134.
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Google
64
MabeYrah, s. Jodbpnr, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276.
Mahg£o9, s. Mahor, S. Bardr, 286.
Mahihafcti, s. Satgao^, S. Bengal,
141.
Mahijil, 8. SoDargao^, S. Bengal,
139.
Mahikanfca (State), S. Gujarat, 260
a 2.
Mabim (port), S. Gujarat, 243.
Mabinagar, s. Lakhnauti, S. Bengal,
131.
Mabir, see Mah^n.
Mabkar (Sarkiir), S. Barar, 230, 237.
Mabkar, s. Mabkar, S. Barir, 237.
Mabkaribad, S. Barir, 228.
MabU, 8. Tirbut, S. Babir, 167.
Mabland, s. Sbarifabad, S. Bengal,
140.
Ma^mudabad (tract), 123.
Ma(imddab&d, s. A^madabad, S,
Gujarat, 263.
Matimudabid (Sarkar), S, Bengal,
123, 132.
Ma^mdd4b&d (town), S. Gujarat, 241.
Ma^ddpur, s. Barbdk^bad, S. Beng-
al, 137.
Ma^dd ShihU s. MatimddabiUl, S.
Bengal, 133.
Maboba {var, Maboba), s. Kalmjar
8. Allababad, 90,^66, 167 u 2.
Maboi, s. Bijagarb, 8. Malwab, 206.
Maboi (Mr. Hawai), s. Cbunar, 8. AI-
Iab4b4d, 90, 166.
Maboli, 8. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Maboli (par, Mi^uli), 8. Gorakbpur,
8. Audb, 93, 176.
Maboli, 8. Irij, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Mabon, {var. Mabson), 8. Tajpnr, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Mabonab, s. Lakbnau, 8. Audb, 94,
179.
Mabor (t«r. Mabur) (fort), 8. Barar,
228, 230.
Kih6r (Sirkar)/p. Barir, 236.
M£b6r (mr.^ihsor, (Mabur), s. Mi-
bor, S. Barar, 230, 236,
Mabres6, s. ShaHfatabid, 8. Bengal,
134.
Mabror, see Mabasror.
Mabror, s. Biiri DiUb, 8. Ubor, 319.
mhT6\, 8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102, 273.
Mab8amand, s. Raisin, 8. Malvrah,
112, 199.
Mabsi, s. Cbamparan, S. Babar, 155.
i Mabson, see Mabon.
I Mabnm Anagab (canal), S. Kabul,
404.
Mabur, see M&bor.
Mabwab {vaar, Mowa), s. Snrat, 8.
Gujar&t, 267.
Mabwari, s. Cbunar, S. Allababad,
90,166.
Maidan, s. Kabul, 8. Kiibul, 402, 412.
Maigaon, see Mangaon.
Maimand (town), L. Kandabiir, 396.
Majabid, see Kob M.
Majbaon {var, Majbiwan), s. Korah,
S. Allabibad, 90, 167.
Majbaulab, see Manjbolab.
Majhaura, see Majbora.
Majbawan, see Majbaon.
Majbora, s. Cbamp&ran, 8. Bahir,
166.
Majbora {var. Majhaura), s. Jaunpur,
8. Allababad, 89, 164.
Majbwirab, s. Cbunar, 8. Allab^bid,
90,166.
Majlol Gbazfpdr (var. Malot), s. Mul-
tan (Birun i Panjnad), 8. Mnltan,
331.
Majori (fort), s. Bbadrab, 8. Orissa,
143.
Mabim, see Aish M.
Makand, see ^ot M.
Makandari, see Balandari.
Makasbpar, see Magatpdr.
Makat Badbker, see Makat Madhker.
Makat Madbkber (mr. Makat Badb-
kb^r), 8. PitbrI, 8. Barar, 286.
Makbdlabad, s. Babrocb, 8. Gujarat,
266.
Maker, s. 8aran, 8. Bah^r, 166.
Makbad (town) 8. Multin, 402 q 3.
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Google
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Miikhiiaali, 8. Sind Sigar Ddib, S.
Labor, 824.
Makhiya, a. Mihmudabd^d, S. Bengal,
133.
Makhorf , see Ding M.
Maktn, see Nagfn.
Makorgaon, s. FathabAd, 8. Bengal,
132.
Makiied {var. Bakraed, B^rf). r.
Lakbnan, 8. Andb, 94, 179.
Makriin, s. Lakbnante, 8. Bengal,
132.
Maktonnpnr (town) 8. Maltin, 326
9. 1.
Maknma see Bakoya.
Mai, see Medni M.
Mai P (fort), 8. Ohanderi, 8. Miilwah,
201.
Malabar (country), 128 o. 4.
M&Ubfl, 8. Kberlab, 8. Barar, 288.
Malichdr, s. Knmion, 8. Dibli, 289.
Malabml {var. Mnlbani, Malbi), s.
Tirbut, 8. Babiir, 157.
Maliir, s. Gboragb&t, 8. Bengal, 136.
Malandarl (pass), see Balandari.
Halimah, s. Bantbambbor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
MaUwah, s. Lakbnan, 8. Audh, 94,
179.
Malbori, s. Kilamb, 8. Barir, 235.
Miilcbbata {var. Miljikta), s. Jal^sar,
8. Orissa, 143.
Mildab (district), 129 n. 6.
M^dah, 8. Behir, 8. Bahir, 154.
MiUdah, s. Lakbnanti, 8. Bengal, 182.
Mildah (Haveli) s. Lakbnanti, 8.
Bengal, 132.
Miler, see M^Uner.
M^lgaon, see Tilg^o^.
Malbaipnr, s. 8abar&npnr, L. Diblf,
292.
Malbani, see Malabmi.
Malbit see Malabmi.
MaU, see 84bd M.
Malid, {var. M&lna), 8. Gnjarit, 242.
Mali gio9, see Mang^o^. [131.
Milfgion, 8. Lakbnanti, 8. Bengal,
9
; Malfbiibad {var. Malikbiib&d), s.
Lakbnan, 8. Andb, 94, 179.
Malik, see Anwar M.
MalikbiibAd, see Malibib^d.
Malikpdr, s. ^sMtMhid, 8. Bengal.
134.
Malikpdr, s. Kol, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
Malfkpdr, s. Soratb, 8. Gnjar&t, 259.
Malik Banj, see Malkand Baj.
Malik Sbib, s. Biirl Dd^b, 8. Ubor,
319.
Maljab, s. Tattab, 8. Tattab (Mnl-
tan), 840.
Maljikta, see Milcbbata. [137.
M&ljipdr, 8. Barbukibiid, 8. Bengal,
Malkimad {var. Melnnga, Malkand),
(fort), 8. EhAndes, 224.
Malkind, see Malk&mad.
Malkand Baj {var. Malkand, 8ber
Kban, Malik Banj, Malik Bikb),
(pass), 8. 8w&t, 8. Kibnl, 892.
Malk^pur, s. NamiUab, 8. Barir, 284.
Milkb^, 8. G&wil, 8. BarAr, 283.
Malkdsab, s. Kanauj, S. Agra, 96.
185.
M41na, see Malfa.
Milner {var. UiUr), s. Sirbind, S.
Diblf , 105, 296.
MiLlof, 8. Kberlab, 8. Barir, 234.
Maldt, see Majlol Gb^zfpdr.
Maldt {var. Albifdr M.), s. Betb
Jilandbar, 8. Ubor, 317.
Mal6t, 8. Sindb 8&gar Du&b, S.
Ubor, 325.
Maldtrii Kedi^ri, s. Bobtas, (Jecb
Ddab) 8. L&bor, 110, 322.
MiLlwab (Sdbab), 112, 115, 166 q. 2,
169, 179, 181, 195, 213, 214, 214 ©.
1, 215, 217, 218, 219, 219 q. 1, 220,
221, 222, 227 b- 2, 229, 289, 251.
261, 805 g. 2, 308, 809, 335, 415.
Malwirab {var. Talwarab), s. Ku-
mion, 8. Dibli, 289.
Mamdrab, see Dibl M^
M4nab, s. Giwil, 8. BMr, 232.
Minakpatan, s. Katd^S. Orissa.
144.
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mnaBa, 313 q. 2 (9).
Minasarowar (lake), 310 Q. 2.1
Mananr^bad, 8ee MuziMd.
Man&wali, see Burkab M.
Man&warah, s. Mando. S. Malwah,
112, 207.
Manawi, s. Lakhnau, S. Andh, 94,
179.
Manbah {va/r. Maina, Maner), s.
GMwil, 8. Barir, 283.
Manchur (lake), s. Tattha (MultAn),
838.
Mandah, b. Ahmadabad, S. Qnjarat.
253.
Mandab {var. Mub^nd), s. Tirbut,
S. Bahir, 157.
Mandal (fort), S. Ajmer, 268.
Mandal, s. Chitor, S. Ajmer, 102, 268,
274.
Miin^al, S. Gujarat, 242.
Mandala (far. Mandela), (town), 150
n. 1.
Man^algarb, s. Obitor, S. Ajmer,
102, 274.
Mandalgbat, s. Madaran, S. Bengal,
141.
M&ndan, s. Nadoi, 8. GnJM^t, 254.
Mandaurab, see Mandiwarab.
Miindintbi, see Mindotbi.
Mindav (biUs), 8. Qnjai^t, 245 o 6.
Manddwar, a. Agnt 8. Agra, 96, 183.
Mandawar, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
192.
Mandawar, s. Sambbal, 8. Dibli, 105,
290.
Mandiiwarab {var. Mandiinrab), s.
Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Mandiwarab, s. Bijagarb, 8. M^lwab.
206.
Mandawi, see 8akbet, M.
Mandawi, s. S£tgaov» 8. Bengal,
141.
Mandeh, see 8ani8, M.
Mandebab, see Sonasl, M.
Mandela, see Mlndala.
Mandesar (tipf Mar6s6r), s. Mande-
sar, 8. Malwab, 208.
Manddsar (ffar. Mitr686r, Manddsaotr,
Mardsor, Mandsor) (8irkar), 8.
MalwHb, 208.
Mandessor, see Mandesor.
Mandg&on Karar, s. Panir, S.
Bar£r, 233.
Man^bal, s. 8iran, 8. Babar, 156.
Mandbali 8. Dipalpnr (Biiri Duab),
8. Muhan, 332.
Man^botah, s. Betb J&landbar, 8.
Labor, 317.
Mandi, see 8akbet Mandawi.
Mandidbo (wur. Mariibu), s. Jaan-
pnr, 8. Allab£b£d, 89, 164.
Manila, s. Kanauj, 8. Milwab, 200.
Mandla («ar. Gar^, M.), 8. Malwab,
195.
Man^la^r (sirkir), 8. Agra, 190.
Mandlaer s, Man^laer, 8. Agra, 190.
Man4.1ab, a. Gorakbpnr, 8. Audb,
93, 175.
Mandni (tM»r. Mandri), s. Hajkan, 8.
Tattab (Multdn), 340.
Mando (oar. Mindu) (8irkiir), 8. Mal-
wab, 112, 206.
Mando (var. Mandd)(oity), s. Mando,
8. Malwab, 112, 196, 207, 21P o 1.
Mand6i {var, Mandoli, Mandnri), 8.
Kberlab, 8. Barar. 233.
Mandoli, see Mand6i.
Mandor, 8. Ajmer, 271 o 7.
M^ndotbi (vor. Mandiutbi), s. Dibli,
8. Dibli, 104, 288.
Mandrinr, b. K&bnl, 8. K^bnU406,
411.
Mandri, see Mannni.
Mandsor, see Mandesar.
Mandd, 8. Malwab, 196, 251 e 1.
Man^wab, a. Gorakbpnr, 8. Andb,
93, 175. [244.
Mandwi, s. Gobilwarab, 8. GnjaHit,
M4ndwi, s. 8oratb, 8. Gujarat, 259.
Man^r, see Manbab.
Manor (village), 150, 151.
Mangah, s. KberlaJb, 8. Bar^, 234.
Mangala, see Mangblor (8. Kabul).
Mangala (village), 8. Libor, 315 9. 1.
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Mangalpdr, & Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
MangaJsi, see Manglasi.
Miiigaon {var, Maigaon, Maha-
gao\i Maligion), s. Namalah, S.
Barir»234.
Mangatwilah, see Mankatwalah.
Manghar, var. Maghar), s. Gorakh-
pur, S. Audh, 93, 175.
Mngjhi, s. Saran, S. Bahar, 156.
Manglasi Naipor (tKir. Mangalsi)> s*
Audh, S. Andh, 93, 174.
Mgnglaur, see Manglor.
Mangli, Jech Ddab, S. Labor, 322.
Manglor, s. Basim, S. Barar, 235.
Manglor, va/r, Mangrol, Maglor,
Manalor)» s. Gawil S. Barar, 233.
Manglor), s. Naghar, S. Gujarat, 244.
Manglor, z/or. Manglaur), s. Saha-
ranpur, S. Dibit, 105, 292.
Manglor, s. Sorath, S. Gujarat, 247,
259.
Manglor {va/r, Mung-kieli, Mangala,
Mangora^ Manglora), s. Swat, S.
Kibul, 391, 391 ft 7.
Manglora, see Manglor (S. Kabul).
Manglor, var. Margrol) (port), S.
Gujarit, (246, 259.
Mangorayl^ee Manglor (S. Kabul).
Mangorgbat, s. Kbalifatabad, S. Ben-
gal, 134.
Mangotlahy s. Agra S. Agra, 96, 183.
Mangr^j, s. Abmadabad, S. Gujarat,
250,253.
Mangrol, see Manglor.
Mangror, s. Eantbambhor, S. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Mangrdr, s. Robtas, S. Babar, 117.
Manhalah, 8. Bbakkar, S. Multan,
334.
Manikdari, see Narangwari.
Manikdrug (fort), S. Barar, 230.
Mabibatti, s. Satgao^, S. Bengal,
141.
Manikpdr (Sirkar), S. Allababad, 90,
164.
Manikpdr, s. Lakbnauti, S. Bengal,
132.
Manikpdr, s. Manikpur, S. Allaba-
bad, 90, 165, 170.
Manikpdr (Haveli), s. Manikpdr, S.
Allababad, 90, 165.
Manivedaka, 313, ft 2 (25).
Manjar, s. Tattab, 8. Tattab (Mul-
tan), 340.
Manjarkb^r, s. GiwU, S. Barar, 233.
Manjbaulab, see Manjbolab.
Manjbolab {var.) Manjbaulab), s.
Sambbal, S. Dibli, 105, 290.
Manjrdd, s. Kbandes, S. KbandoH,
225.
Minka {var. Malka, Medka), see Banj,
M.
Mank^walib (var. Manga^walab),
8. Labor Bacbnau Ddab), S. Labor,
110, 321.
Mankoknor Sialkot, s. Sialkot (Racb-
nau Ddab), S. Ubor, 110.
M4nk6t {var. Minkot), s. Siilkot,
(Racbuftu Dd4b), 8. Labor, 110,
821.
Manmani Singb, s. Baroba, 8. Ben-
gal, 138.
Manobamagar, s. Nagor, S. Ajmer,
102, 277.
Manobarpdr, s. Sonargaon, 8. Ben-
gal, 139.
Manobar 8babf, a. Sbarifabad, 8.
Bengal, 140. ^
Manroa, s. Babar, 8. Babar 154.
Man Samali s. Barbakabad, 8. Ben-
gal 137.
Mansawal, s. Betb Jalandbar, S.
Labor, 316 ft 2, 317.
Mansdrab (fort and town), 8. Multan,
327, 327 ft 3, 336 ft 4. [296.
Manfdrpur, s. 8irbind, 8. Dibli, 105,
Mantb, see Mettb.
Mar (river) s. Kasbmir, 355, 355 ft 1.
Margbadrab, 8. Nadot, 8. Gujarat »
254.
Mari, see Bagb M.
Mara, see Pati ka M.^
Marabrab, see Marb
Maraj, see Marraj.
rha^
Digitized by
Google
68
Marali, s. 8indh 8agar Du&b, 6.
Ubor, 325.
Marit, 8. Sialkot (Bachnui Du&b),
8. LihoT, 110.
Mariwali {var, Maroli), s. Surat, S.
Gujarat, 267.
Mardiinpar, s. Hin^iah, S* Malwah,
207.
Mardsor, see Mandesar.
Marg, see Mol M.
Margi, {va/r. Naranga) s. Tirhut, S.
Bahar, 157.
Marg M61, see Mill Marg.
MiLrliarah (Dastdr) s. Kol, 8. Agra,
97.
Marharah {var, Marahrah), s. Kol, 8.
Agra, 97, 186.
Mari^u, see Mandiihd.
M^rkandan, 8. Nafirpur, 8. Tattah
(Mult&n), d41.
Mar61i, see Marawali.
Marosor, see Mandesar.
Marot, 8. Multan (Binin i Ftojnad),
8. Multan, 331.
Marrij {var, Mar&j, Meraj) s. Kash-
mir, 8. iUbul, 365, 368, 368 a 1.
Martand, see Matan.
Mam Adwin {va/r, Maru Wardwan),
8. Kashmir, 8. Kabul 358, 358 o 1>
369.
MaVufdebb, s. Malftnddiib^d, 8. Ben-
gal, 133.
Maru Wardwdn, see Maru A^win.
Marwdr (country), 8. Ajmer, 226, q 1,
268, 270, 271, 271 q 1, 271 ft 7.
Mdsad, {var. Basad), s. Kherlah, 8.
Bar^r, 233.
Masandibad, s. A^madibad, 8. Gu-
jarat, 253.
Masa'udabad, s. Ajmer, 8. Ajmcr,
102, 273.
Masa'ddabdd, s. Dihli, 8. Dihli 104,
288.
Mas^ba, s. Baobukabad, 8. Bengal,
137. M
Masdi, 8. Mitf|her, 8. Bahar, 155.
Masengan, see Masenkan.
Masenkan (var, Masengan), s. Sir-
hind, 6. DihU, 105, 296.
Masbtang {var, Mastang) 8. Kanda-
hir, 8. Kibul, 897.
Mas j id Andar Khini, {var. Andar-
khinO, 6. Ghoraghit, 8. Bengal,
136.
Masjid Husain Shihi 8. Ghoragbat,
8. Bengal, 136.
Masjidpur, s. Mungher, 8. Bahar,
155.
Masnadpdr, s. Fat^iibad, 8. Bengal,
132.
Masodhi {var, Modha), & Bahar, 8.
Bahir, 154.
Massouab (town), 121 u 4.
Mastim, see Jdi Pul i M.
Mastang, see Mast&ng.
Maswani {var, Maswali, Mastuvani),
8. Kabul, 398.
Matalbimah (village), 8. Kashmir, 8,
Kabul, 362.
Matan {var, Martand), s. Kashmir, 8.
K£bul,358, 858 0 4,369.
Matar, see Bier.
mtargio9,!8. Fitbri, 8. Barir, 236.
Mathuri {var, Mattra, Muthura), s.
Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 181, 183, 185 o I,
248,881.
Matflab, s. Mult&n (Ban Ddab), 8.
Ubor, 329.
Matiyari, s. 8atgao9, 8. Bengal, 141.
Mattu, see Karyit M.
Mau, see Kbinkhat M.
Mau (town), 8. Allahabad, 158.
Mau, 8. B4ri Dd&b, 8. Labor, 319.
Mau, 8. Bay&nwan, 8. Agra, 189.
Mau, 8. Jaunpur, 8. Allahibid, 89,
164.
Miudha, {var, Modha) s. Kalinjar,
8. Allahabad, 90, 166.
Maub, see Moj.
Maukri, see Makri.
Mawai, see Mab6i.
Mawiri, see 8iir dl M.
Mayapur (town), 8. Dihli, 312 o 4.
Mecca (city), 859 o. 2.
Digitized by
Google
Medarab, s. Sora^h, 8. Gujarat, 259.
Medni Mai, s. Sitgion, S.Bengal,
Ul.
M^dnipdr, s. Jalesar, 8. Orissa, 143.
Heemt, see Merath.
Meghna (river), 8. Bengal, 116 g 8.
Mehar, s. Sonargaoy, 8. Bengal, 189.
Mehradni^, s. Bazoha, S.Bengal,
187.
Mehrk61, s. Sonargaoy, 8. Bengal,
139.
Mehwisi (estate) 8. Shades, 251 g 3.
Hekrin, 8. Mnltin, 326, 836, 843, 844,
344 u 2.
Mekri (fHur,) Mengri, Maokri), s.
Parsaror (Bachniu Dd4b), s.
Uhor), 8. Lihor, 110, 821.
Mflgarh (fort), 8. Barir, 228.
M^gafh, 8. Nam&lab, 8. Barar, 229,
284.
Melk6r (port), 8. Gujarat, 259.
M^lsi, s. J&landhar, 8. Labor, 110,
317.
Melunga, see Malkimad.
Men^hab (Karyat M.) s. Jaunpdr, S.
Allah&bdd, 89, 164.
Mengri, s. Baobniu Duiib, S. L&bor,
321.
Meo, eee Barodi^ Meo.
Meraj, eee Marraj.
M^ratb (Dastdr). s. Dibli, 8. Dihli,
104.
M^ratb {var, Miratb, Meerut), s.
Dibli. 8. Dibli, 104, 288.
Miratb, s. Nagor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Mesdali, eee Hesoli.
M^ttb (var. Mantb,Mabantb, Mabaen-
teb, Setb), s. Mabor, 8. Barar,
236.
Mewa Mal^l, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Ben-
gal, 181.
Mewar (country), 8. Ajmer, 220,
221 a 2, 268, 268 g 4, 269, 270.
Mew£t (country), 307.
Miili, eee Patala.
Mianab, s. Cbanderi, S. Malwab, 203.
Mianab, s. Soratb, 8. Gujarat, 259.
Miini {var, M. Nuriab, M. Nurbab,
M. Nurtab, M. Nurinab), s. J&lan-
dbar, 8. Ubor, 110, 317.
Micbni (village), 8. Ubor, 311 g. 3.
Midnapur (district), 126 n. 1.
Mibman Sbabi {var, Sberpur, Serpdr
Morcbab), s. Baroba, 8. Bengal,
188.
Mibman Sbibi, s. Mabmudibad, 8.
Bengal, 188.
Mibran (Indus), river, 323, 327,
827g. l,836g.4.
Mina b4g, see Mfnab^k.
Mi nabik {var. Mina Big), s. Madaran,
8. Bengal, 141.
Minigioti {var, Mung&otf), s. Cban-
deri, 8. Miilwab, 203.
Miral, s. Godbra, 8. Gujarat, 258.
Mfranpur, s. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal, 132.
Miratb, see Meratb.
Mir Rban, eee Tbanab, M. K.
Mirkbini, s. Kandahar, 8. Kabul,
398.
Mirpur, s. Matunud-abad, 8. Bengal,
138.
Mitbila,313g.2,(41).
Mittu, see ^pkriyit M.
Miyan Obang, see Bamian C.
Miydn Sbiu, see Banian Gbang.
Modba, see Maso(Uia.
Modba(vUlage), S. Allababad, 160.
Modba, s. Kdlinjar, 8. Allabibad, 90.
Modi, 8. Hin^iab, 8. Malwab, 207.
Modibat, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
Modi Ma^l, s. Lakbnauti, S.Bengal,
131.
Modipur, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
Mogbulistan (country), 220 g. 5.
Moban, see Ali M.
Moban (Islampur), s. Gbitor,
8. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Moban, s. Lakbnau, l|L Audb, 94, 179.
Mobmund (country), WCabul, 401 g. 1.
Mobsamand {var. Mnisamand), s.
Baisin, 8. Malwab, 112, 199.
Digitized by
Google
70
Mphun (town), ^. Gujarit, 251 o* 1-
Moliwah, (var. Mowa), (port), S-
Gujarat, 247, 247 ft. 5, 269.
M<^wah {var. Mowa), s. Sorath, S.
Gujarat, 259.
Mohwah, s. WaUk, S. Gujarat, 244.
Moj, s. Multan (Birdn i Panjnad),
(var. Mauh), S. Multan, 3Sa g, 1,
331.
Mujpor, 8. Alwar, S. Agra, 96, 192.
Molghar, s. Sulaimanabad, S. Bengal,
140.
Mol Marg {var. Marg Mol), s. Bam-
garh, S. Barar, 237.
Momedanah {var. Mumidanah),. a.
Banthambhor, S. Ajmer, 102, 275.
Mongarta, see Fathpur M.
Monghyr, see Mungh^r.
Mongdna, see Monkona.
M6ng{^ (Parganah) 6. Allahabad,
91, 92.
Monjpur, s. Pattan, S. Gujarat, 254.
Monkona {voir. Mongona), s. Alwar*
8. Agra, 96, 192.
Montgomery (district), 329 ij. 6, 330
0. 1, 322 0. 4.
Moodkee, eee Mddkl.
Mooleir, see Muler.
Mora (town), S. GujariLt, 250.
Moranah, s. Bijagarh, S. Malwah,
206. •
MoraoD, 8. Lakhnau, 6. Audh, 94,
179.'
Morasah, s. A^madabad, 8. Gujarat,
253.
M6rbi (var. Morli), 8. Gujarat, 242.
MArbi, 8. 8orath, 8, Gujarat, 242,
259.
Morchah, see 8erpur, M.
Morli, eee Morbi.
M6rwah, s. Tirhut, 8. Bahar, 157.
Morwiirah, s. Pattan, 8. Gujarat, 254.
Mowa, eee Mah-v^ah.
Mowa, see Mohwah.
Mu*azzampnr# 8. 8onargao\i, 8.
Bengal, 1^
Mubirakabad (city), 308 o* 3-
Mubarak Ajiyal, s. Baroha, 6. Bengal,
138.
Mubirakpur, eee Mubarikpur.
Mubirikpdr {var. Mubarakpur), s.
Alwar, 8. Agra. 96, 192.
Mubarikpur (Dastdr), s. Alwar, 8.
Agra, 96.
M^ddsar, s. Udner, 8. Bengal, 130.
Mddki {va/r. Moodkee), (town), 8-
Uhor, 326 o* 2.
Mughalpdr, s. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli,
290.
Mulubbbatpdr, 8. Ghoraghat, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Mutammadabad, 8. Ghazipur, 8.
Allahabad, 90, 162.
Mu^mmadabad, s* Kalpi, 8. Agra,
97, 184.
Mu^ammadibad, 8. Jaunpur, 8.
Allahabad, 89, 164.
Mu^nunad Bari, Ddkrao, 8. Eachnau
Ddabi 8. Labor, 321. [110.
Muhammadot, s. Haibatpur, 8. Labor,
MutAmmadpur, eee Lahrpur, M.
Mu^mmadpdr, 8. Jalandbar, b.
Lihor; 110, 317.
Muhammad pdr, 8. Sarangpur, S.
Malwah, 204.
Mu^ammadpdr, 8. 8ulaimanabad, S.
Bengal, 140.
Mu^iammadwat, 8. Dipalpur (Birun-i-
Panjnad), 8. Multan, 333.
Muhend, see Mandah.
Muhim, 8. Hisar Firdzah, 8. Dihli,
106, 296.
Muhim (Dastdr) s. Hisar Firdzah, 8-
Dihli, 105.
Mu^sanpdr, see Mu^inpur.
Mul^sinpdr {var. Mu^sanpur), 8.
Korah, 8. Allahabad, 90, 167.
Mu*izzuddinpdr, 8. Lakhnauti, S.
Bengal, 132.
Mujabid, see Koh M.
Mukand, see Qioh M.
Mukt^sar, eee Grarh M.
Muler (rat* Mulher, Mooleir), (forf),
^. Gujarat, 251, 261 o. 2.
Digitized by
Google
71
MnUier, see Malm*.
Mul Mahadeo (town), S. Gajarttt. 246*
Mai Mafaddeo, s. Naghar, S. Gajaiit.
244.
Mdltai, 8. Kherlah, S. Barar
222 &. 5, 233.
^[altan, 8. Mnltan (Biiri Ddab), S.
Maltfin, 826 o. 1, 326 q. 2, 327, 327,
ft. 1, 327 u. 3, 329, 334 ». 6, 335, 886,
339 g. 1.
Multan (HaveU), a. Multan (Bari
Dnih), S. Multan, 329.
Multan (Sirkar). S. Multan, 328.
Multan (Sdbah), 113, 113 » s.. 114.
115, 218, 218 a. 2, 306. 307, 308. 310,
325, 325 Q. 2, 326 q. 1, 326 q. 2y 327,
329, 329 a. 3, 329 q. 6, 334, 335, 339,
346. 388 g. L
Mdmid£nali, $ee Momedanah.
Munalore, see Manglor.
Mdndikdohh, 8. KhalifatdUd, S.
Bengal, 184.
Mun^gichhil, s. Sdtgaou, S. Bengal
141.
Mdndi, s. Dipalpur, S. Mnltan, 113.
Mundonry, see Mand6i.
Muner, s. BaMr. S. Bahar, 154.
Mung^oti, 8. Chanddri, S. Malwah,
203.
Munghir (Monghyr), s. Mnngher, S.
Bahir, 155.
Mungher (vobr, Mongbjrr, Mnng(r).
(Sirkir), S. Bahir, 152, 154.
Mungir, see Mnngher.
Mung Kieli, see Manglor (S. K£bnl).
Mdngra, s. Jaunpnr, S. Allahibi^d,
164.
Mnnja-pattana (town), 215 q. 2.
Mdrjhi, s. Gawil, S. Barar, 233.
Murree Hills, 823 n. 5.
Mnrree (town), 847 u- 8.
Mnstafa-ibiid, s. Sirhind, S. Dihli,
105, 296.
Mnthnr^. see Mathnra.
Muttra, see Mathura.
Mdsabad, (var, Matiaur^bad), s.
Ajmer, S. Ajmer, 102, 273.
MnzA&lribad, 8. Gujarit, 246.
Muzafl^tib&d, s. Sahiiratipnr, S.
Dihli, 105, 292.
Mn<a£Efeurpdr, 8. Satgaon, 8. Bengal.
141.
Mnzaffar Shihl, 8. 8hari*fabad, S.
Bengal, 140.
Myna, see Manbah.
K
Nabih, (var. Banah), 8. B&rl Duiib,
S. Labor, 319.
Nabija (ror. Nipa), 8. Sulaim^nibiid,
S. Bengal, 140.
Nabr&n, see Natrin.
Nachang4ov« s. Kalamb, 8. Barar,
285.
Nadapnr, see 'Nindkpur.
Nadarbar, see Nasarbir.
Naddiya (var, Nodiya, Nodi), s. Sit-
gioM, 8. Bengal, 141.
Nadhi, see GUthi, N.
Nadi, see Bami, N.
Nadi, see lUli, N.
Nadinah (var, Naginah), s. Sambhal.
8. Dihli, 105, 290.
Nadiyi (town), 8. Bengal, 140 g. 5,
6,148.
Nadon (town), 308 q. 1.
Niddt (var. Nand6d), (Sirkar). 8.
Gujar&t, 251, 21^1 q. 1, 3. 254.
Ilid6t (haveli), a. NAd6t, 8. Gujarat.
254.
Niddrah (var. Nilndnn^. Madirodra.
Madroodreh), s. Narniilah, 8.
Barir, 284.
Nagar. see Manohar, N.
Nagar, a. Eanthambhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Nagara, see Nagarahiira.
Nagarahira, (vcur. Nagara), 8. Kibul,
405 Q. 1.
Nagarkdt (city), 8. Lihor, 812.
Nagark6t, 887. ^
Ndghar (var. B^khM. (8irkiir), 8.
Gujarit, 244. ^
Naghinah, see Nadinah.
Digitized by
Google
72
Nagbr {va/r. Naghz), b. Kibnl, S.
Eibnl, 898 o. 6, 399, 401, 412.
Nagh£, tee Nagbr.
Nagin (vor. Makf n), s. Sulaimiiiibad,
S. Bengal, 140.
Naglnab, 9ee Nadfnab.
Naginin, s. Tijarah, S. Agra, 96, 193.
Nagor, see Pilkdr.
Nigor (Haveli), S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
mgor (var. Ha4auti), (Sirkir), S.
Ajmer, 102, 241, 270, 271, 276.
Nagdr, s. MacUiran, S. Bengal, 141.
Nilgor (oar. Nagorwatb), s. Nagor, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 277.
Nigsari, 8. S6ratb, S. Gnjarit, 259.
Nahajann B4tor, 8. Gbor&gbit, 8.
Bengal, 136. 192.
Nibargai'b, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96,
Nilbat, 8. Lakbnanti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Nabrwalab, eee Pattan.
Nabtanr, eee Nabtor.
Nabtdr (ix»r. Nabtanr), s. Sambbal,
8. DibU, 105, 291.
Ndigio^, 8. Kalamb, 8. Barir, 235.
Naigdn (var, N^gdn), s. Jannpnr, 8*
AUababad, 89, 164.
Naipdr, see Manglasi, N.
Naipdr, s. Andb, 8. Audb, 174.
Naipdr, 8. HAjipdr, 8. Babir, 155.
N&ir6, 8. 8nlaiminib4d, 8. Bengal,
140. •
Najr6o, s. Kilbnl, 8. Kilbnl, 406, 407
tt. 1, 411.
Nakar Banki, s. Ma^mddab4d, 8.
Bengal 133.
Nakarcbil Kotiyi, s. Ma^ddibdd,
8. Bengal, 133.
Nakbat, see Pati, N.
Nakb<$d, see Knsbk, N.
N41e8ar, 8. Fatfiibid, 8. Bengal, 132.
Nak6dar, 8. Betb Jilandbar, 8. Ubor,
110, 317.
Nakor, see Nnkdr.
Nakr6dab, see Nakr6h.
Nakrdb (va/r. Kkrodab, Nakrotab),
8. Beib Jij^hnr Dnib, 8. Ubor,
817.
Nakrotab, see Nakrdb.
Nala, see 'Asi, N.
Nila Kbattar, b. 8indb Sigsit Ddib,
8. L4bor, 323 q. 6.
Nalang, see Lalang.
Niilcbab {var. Nalcbab), 8. Mando, 8.
Milwab, 112, 207.
Naldai, b. Ma]|jtmddlib4d, 8. Bengal,
133.
NaUpiti, 318 o. 2, (43).
Namdl, see 8a77adpar, N.
Nam6rb!, 8. Nafiarb4r, 8. M41wab,
208.
Nanakwiri, see Nilrangwari.
Nilniman, 8. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96,
185.
N&nautab (var. Nanotb), 8. 8abiran-
pur, 8. Dibli, 105, 292.
Nandabra, 8. Gbor4gbit, 8. Bengal,
136.
Nandanpur, 8. Bobtds, (8mdb 84gar
Ddib), 8. Ubor, 110, 325.
N4nd4pdr (var. N&wilpdr, Nidlipnr,
Navipdr, Nadapdr), 8. Mab^r,
8. Barir, 286.
Nand^r, 8. Piltbri, 8, Barir, 236.
Nandgion Pftb, b. Giwil, 8. Bartb*,
233.
Nandipnra, 318 o* 2, (48).
Nand<$d, see md6t.
Nanddn, b. Betb Jalandbar, 8. Ubor,
317.
Ninddrab, see, Niddrab.
Nangalw&rf, b. Bijagarb, 8. M&lwah,
206.
Nangenbar, see N^knibil.
Nangnibir, see N^knib£l.
Nankal, b« Betb Jilandbar, 8. Ubor,
817.
Nanndr, b. Bobt48, 8. Bab4r, 157.
Nanotb, see Nanautab.
Napta {var. Bfn4), (river), 8. Barir,
Nar&enpdr, s. 8onirgion, 8. Bengal,
139.
Nar6inab, b. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102,
273.
Digitized by
Google
73
Nariinpdr (var. Kandh£r), s. Jal^sar,
8. Orissa, 148.
Naranga, see Marga.
Narangwari (var. Nanakwiri, Manik-
dari, T4nekbari). s. Kherlah, S.
Barir,2S8.
Narbadah (river), (wr. Narbada), 160,
150 0. 1, 196, 197, 204, 206, 207.
224 0. 2, 289, 248, 261 q. 8, 266.
Narhan, see Barhan.
Narhar, see DeoU Narhar.
Narhar, see Narharab.
Narbarah (var. Narhar), s. Nimol,
8. Agra, 97, 194.
Narhat, s. Babir, S. Babir, 164.
NM, see Kalambub, N.
Nariild, s. A^madibid, 8. Gujarat,
268.
Nariad, b. Sdrat, S. Gujarat, 267.
Narmadi, 818 g. 2, (29).
Narmal, s. Telinginab, 8. Barir, 280,
287.
Narmodar Bbattarob^raj, see Par-
modar.
Namalab (fort), (wr. Bamilah, Pi^r-
naUh), 8. Bardr, 229, 268, 268 q. 6.
Namilab (8irkar), 8. Barir, 284.
Naraalat (fort), 8. Barar, 228.
Nirn61 (Dastdr), 8. Agra, 97.
N4mol (bill), 8. Agra, 182.
Namol (Haveli), s. Namol, 8. Agra,
97,194.
Narnol (Kaeba), s. Namol, 8. Agra,
97,194.
Namol (8irkar), 8. Agra. 97, 182,
193.
Narolf, s. 8ambhal, 8. Dibli, 106,
291.
N4m61i, 8. 8drat, 8. Gujarat, 267.
Nardrpanj, see Narwar.
Nar<St, 8. 8i£lkot, 8. L4bor, 110.
Narsi, s. Bi8im, 8. Barar, 236.
Nardni, see Baroli.
Narwan (wr. Naran), s. Cbunir, S.
Allababid, 90.
Narwar {var, Narorpanj), (Sirkar), 8.
Agra, 96, 189, 196.
10
Narwar (Haveli), 8. Narwar, 8. Agra,
190.
Niirwi, 8. 8indh Sdgar Ddib, 8.
Labor, 326.
Na8ak (var, Nasang). s. 8barif4bad, 8.
Bengal, 140.
Nasang, see Nasak.
Nasang, s. 8alaimtoilb4d, 8. Bengal,
140.
Nisbipdr (var Ujain), s. Mabmuda-
bad, 8. Bengal, 133.
Nafibi, a. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 180.
Naf Ibpdr, s. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 180.
Nasik (distnct). 8. Barar, 228.
Nasirdb&d, s. Ehi&ndes, 8. Kbandes,
226.
Nafiribad, s. Manikpnr, 8. Allaba,
bad, 90, 166.
Na$ratab&d, s. Ghor&gbat, 8. Bengal-
136.
Na^rat Ajiyil, a. Bizohi, 8. Bengal,
188.
Na$rat 8bibi, Bdzoba, 8. Bengal,
637, 188.
Nasrat 8b£bi, s. MatLmudib&d, 8.
Bengal, 188.
Natbdpdr, s. Jaunpur, 8. AUababad,
89, 164.
Natil (wr. Tanil, Tabaal, Bataal,
Bansanil, Bambal), s. ^ndabar,
8. Kabnl, 894, ^ g. 3.
Natran {var. Nabrdn), a. 8barifdb4d,
8. Bengal, 140.
Natrang, s. Ndddt, 8. Gujarit, 264.
Naug&m, a. Sirangpur, 8. Milwab
204.
Nangdon (va/r. Nowgong), a. Alwar,
8. Agra, 96, 192.
Naugion, a. Hin^iab, 8. Mdlwab, 207.
Naunankal (txw. Nonangal), a. Betb
Jalandbar, 8. L4bor, 110, 817.
Naupara, a. Gborigb&t, 8. Bengal,
136.
Nauram, s. Tirbut, S|Babdr, 167.
Nautan, s. Tirbut, 8.^^r, 167.
Navanagar (fort), ^. Gujarit,
246^.6.
Digitized by
Google
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Navapur, $ee Nandipdr.
Navasari (va/r, Noaari), (district), S.
Gnjarit, 251 n. 2.
Nawagarh (Killab), s. Bharaicb,
8. Audh, 93, 176.
Nawihi, 8. Banthambhor, S. Ajmer,
102, 376.
Ndwi&kot, s. Sonar gao^, S. Bengal,
139.
Nawali, s. Mando, S. miwah, 112, 207.
Nawanagar, S. Gujarat, 250.
Nawanagar, s. IJdn^r, S. Bengal, 130.
Nawdpdra, s. Chatgaon, S. Bengal,
139.
Ndwipdr, see Nandipur.
Nawarl, s. Bijagarh, S. Malwah, 206.
Nawasdri (tww. Nosari), s. Siirat, S.
Gujarat, 257.
Nawi-Bandar, see 245 n. 6.
Nawi, see Kandi N.
Najjarbar (va/r, Nadarbar Nandar-
b£r), (Sirkar), S. Malwab, 195, 195
a. 1, 197, 208, 251, 251 n. 1.
Nasarbar, (va/r, Nadarbar), s. Nazar-
bar, S. Malwab, 197, 208.
N^gdn, see Naigun.
Nejehly, see Nejli.
Nejlf (var, Benjili, Bedjili, Nejebly),
s. Kananj, 8. M&lwah, 200.
Nekerhar, see N^knihil.
N^knih&l (va/r, Ktknibir Nangnihar,
Nangenbar, Nekerbar), s. Kabul,
S. Kabul, 405, 405 n. 1, 405 n. 3,
411.
N^knibar, see N^knibal.
Nemecb, see Nimacb.
Neodbanab, s. Sambbal, 8. Dibli, 105,
291.
Nepal (country), 172 n. 3.
Nepila, 313 n. 2. (8).
N^r, 8. Nagarbar, 8. Malwab, 208.
Nia'matpur, 8. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal,
182.
Nilab, 8. ^db 8agar Ddiib, 8.
Labor, 32#
Nilgiri (t;i#Nilkar) (biU), 127.
Nilkar, see Nilgiri.
NIbiagar, s. Tajpur, 8. Bengal, 135.
Nildn, 8. Tajpdr, 8. Bengal, 135.
Nim, see Betwa.
Nimacb, (var. Nemecb), s. Chitor, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 274.
Niman, 8. Hin^iab, 8. Malwab, 207.
Nimawar, 8. Hin^iab, 8. Milwah, 207.
Nimkha (var. Nimkbar), a. Kbaira-
bid, 8. Audh, 93, 177.
Nimkbar (fort), 8. Audh, 172.
Nimlab (mountains), 8. Kabul, 399.
Nimranab, s. Rewari, 8. Dibli, 105,
293.
Nimroz (territory), 8. Kabul, 414.
Nimtb6r, s. Gigron, 8. Malwah, 209.
Nipa, see Nabiya.
Nir, (Parganab), s. Gawil, 8. Barar,
233.
Nir, 8. Madiknrug, 8. Barar, 236.
Nitgnon, see ^^bab Hatgoan.
Nizamabad, s. Jaunpur, 8. Allaha-
bad, 89, 164.
Nieampur (8ankardal), s. Barbaka-
bdd, S. Bengal, 137.
Nobat-Lohar, see Yunt Lobara.
Nobi, 8. Beth Jalandbar, 8. Labor.
110.
Nodi, see Naddiya.
Nodiya, see Naddiya.
No^tlobira, see Ydnt Lobara.
Nob, see Ndh.
Nokha, 8. Nagor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Ndkosiral Kha^far, s. 8indh 8agar
Duab, S. Labor, 325.
Nolii, 8, Ujjain, 8. Malwah, 112, 198.
Nonangal, see Naunankal.
Nonh^ra (var. Nunh^rah), s. Sahir,
8. Agra, 96, 195.
Nonbera(wir. Nd^b^rah) (Dastur,) s.
Sabar, 8. Agra, 96, 195.
Nonitlowbara, see Ydnt Lobara
Nonitolohara, see Ydnt Lobara.
Noorek, see Lorakh.
Noorny, see Ndrni.
Norak, see Lorakh
Northern China, 118 a 3.
Nosari, see Navasari, Nawasari.
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NoBchhara (tjar. Sultanpour) (town),
326 a 1, 2.
Noseka, see Fathpdr a.
Nowgong, see Naagao\i.
Nowsherah, S. Kdbul, 347 n. 3.
Ndh. {vwr Noh), s. Kol, S. Agra,
97, 186.
Nukdr (wtr. Nakor), s. Saharanpur,
S. DiWi, 105, 292.
Ndmi (village), 167 o 1.
Nundgion, s. Giwil, S. Barar, 23S.
Nd^ih^rah, see Nonhera.
Nurbah, see Miani Ndriah.
Ndrgil, see Ndrkil.
Ndriah, see Miani« N.
Nurinah, see Miani Ndriah.
Ndriya (var. Miini, N), s. Beth Jal-
andhar, S. Lahor, 110, 317.
Ndrkil, {var. Nurgil), s. Swat. S.
Kabul, 392, 392 & 2.
Ndrai (joar, Noomy) (or Sutlej,
(river), 326, 326 q. 2.
Ndrpur, see Dahmeri.
Nurtah, see Miini Ndriah.
(Jd (var. U'd), s. Agra, S. Agra, 96,
182.
Odhi, see Oad^hi.
Ohind, 8. Kabul, 404 o 6.
O'l (var. Owl), 8. Agra, S. Agra, 96,
182.
Old Tanda (town), s. Udner, S. Ben-
gal, 129 n 6.
Oman (gulf), 121.
Onam (Dastdr), s. Lakhnau, S. Audh,
94.
Onam (va/r, Unam), s. Lakhnau, S.
Audh. 94, 177.
Opian (var. Alexandria Opiana),
400 el.
Opiana, see Alexandria, O, and
Hupian.
Orissa (Subah), 116, 126, 126 g 1, 2, 4.
127 a 2, 142, 219 » 1, 311 ft 3, 34^
Orpar, s. Bahroch, S. Gujarat, 266.
dsam (var. Adham) (fort). S.
Gujarit, 246.
Osla, 8. Munghir, S. Bahar, 164.
Gud^hi (tHir. Odhi), 8. Agra, S. Agra,
96, 182.
Oudh, see Audh.
Owl, see 01.
Oxu8 (river). 119 ft 1, 327 ft 1, 400 o 1.
Pachchham Dikh, s. Katak, 8.
Orissa, 148.
Pachham Bhagd, s. Tirhut, S. Bahar,
166.
Pachchham Donk (Fort), s. Bhadrak,
S. Orissa, 143. [174.
Pachhamrath, s. Audh, S. Audh, 93,
Pachhi (var. Bachti, Batschi), s. Tir-
hut, S. Bahar, 166.
Paohlakh, s. Saran, S. Bahar, 166.
Pachlanah, (van Pachlana), s. Kol, B.
Agra, 97, 186.
Pichndr (var. Bajmor, Bdjpour), s.
Sulaiminabad, S. Bengal, 140,
140 ft 6.
Pach<Srah (var. Bangora, Banjureh),
8. Khandes (Dandes), S. Khandes,
226.
Pachdtar, s. Ghazipdr, S. Allahabad,
90, 162.
Pachotar, s. Kuma^, 8. Bihli, 289.
Padmati (river), S. Kibul, 366.
Padmawati (Ganges river), 120.
Padri, s. Tirhut. S. Bah4r, 156.
Paegah, see Karjat, P.
Pa^l, 8. Sirhind, S. DihU, 106, 295.
Pagdwar (var. Sakaar), s. Ghoraghat,
S. Bengal, 135.
Paghman (mountains), S. Kabul,
408 ft 6.
PagU (river)^ 129 ft 6.
Pahar, see Panj, P.
Paharhalah, s. Sindh Sagar Duab, S.
Lahor, 323.
Pahari, s. Bahar, S. A^, 96, 195.
Pahar i (Bhdri), s. El^hanbor, S.
Ajmer, 102. ^
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Paharkiah, b. Manghir, 8. Bahar,
155.
PahiLsd, 8. K<Sl, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
Pahra, s. Bahar, 8. Babar, 154.
Painim (village) (Sonarg&on), 8.
Bengal, 124 g 2.
Pak, see Pal.
Pakal, see Islamabad, P.
Pakli (Sirkar), 8. Kibul, 847, 865,
390, 391.
Pakdr (ttobr, Nagor, Tagore), s. Lakh-
nauti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Fik Pattan, see Pattan.
Pal (var. Pak) (state), 8. Gujrat, 250,
250 0 2.
RLl, 8. 8aran, 8. Bahar, 155, 222.
P4la, see Karyat, P.
Palaoh, 8. Babar, 8. Babir, 153.
Palakwab {var. Balnkwib,Pa1kwarab,
Balkwarab, Pdlukwib), s. Bet
Jilandbar Duab, 8. Labor, 316.
Pilam, 8. Bi Duab, 8. Labor, 819.
Palam, s. DibU, 8. DiUi, 104, 286.
Palar, see Batar.
Palasgarh, sec Palashker.
PaUsgbati, see Balis Katbi.
Palasbker {v<ur, PaUsgarb), s. Giwil.
8. Barir, 232.
Palitiab, s. Bantbanbor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Palbanpor, s. Pat^ 8. Gujrat, 254.
Pali, see Kary4t P.
Pili, see Tab.
P41i, 8. Jodbpur, 8. Ajmer, 102, 271,
276.
PaU, 8. dau^bidy S. Audb, 93, 176.
Pali (Dastdr, s. Shaiiibid, 8. Audb,
93.
Pilitana, see Palitbanab.
PiUtdnab, s. W4Uk, 8. Gujrat, 244.
Pilitbanab (var. Palitina) Pali
Tbanab, s. 8oratb, 8. Gujr6t, 247,
247 g 2, 258.
Palkwarab, see Pilakwib.
P6161 {va4r. Pd#al, Apelava), 8. Oibli,
8. Dibli^k 179, 278, 278 o 2,
286, 286 0 1^
Palparab, s. Jodbpur, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276.
Palukwib, see Pilakwab.
Palwal, see PaloL
Palwirab, s. Tirbut, 8. Babir, 156.
Pampur 8. Kasbmir, 8. Kibul, 856.
0 8,357.
Panabakbi, see Barsi Tankli.
Panib, see Derab Din, P.
Paniin, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 191.
Panir (fort), 8. Barir, 229.
Panir (Haveli), s. Panir, 8. Bwir,
238.
Panar (Sirkar), Barir, 238.
Panbabir, see Pinbibir.
Panbibir (var, Pinbabir), 8. Ujjwn,
8. Milwab, 112, 198.
Pincbalgio?, s. Pitbri, 8. Bartr,
286.
Pancbasagara, 318 o 2 (83).
Panobgrimi, see Panj Gkkrimi, 318.
Pancbnagar, see Sidbpur, P.
Pancbnagar, b. Recbniu Dnib, S.
Labor, 820.
Pandig (var, Pandarak, Pandok), e.
Babar, 8. Babar, 154.
Pandirab (village), s. Hi^ir FiroMh,
8. Dibli, 294.
Pandarak, see Pandig.
Pandarbi (var, Pandrab), s. Benares,
8. Allabibid, 89, 162.
Pandok, see Pandig.
Pindor, see Pindur.
Pandrab, see Pandarbi.
Pandrijab, b. Tirboot, 8. Bahir. 156.
Pindretban, s. Kasbmir, 8. Kabul,
855o2,884ol.
Pindri, see Pondri.
Pindur (var, Pandor). s. Iraj, S.
Agra, 96, 187. [140.
Pan^wab, s. 8ulaiminibid, 8. Bengal,
Pangion, s. Tijpiir, 8. Bengal, 185.
Pangat, see Bai^f.
Pangpvan, see Beg^n.
Pangwin, see Bbariman, P.
Pangwin, s. Lakbnau, 8. Audb, 98,
178.
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Ftohan, s. Lakhnaa, 8. Andh, 93,
178.
Pinhatta, s. Sonirgaon, 8. Bengal,
138.
Paiiial, we Paniyal.
Paniila, see Ba^lah.
Paniala, see Batialah Bari.
Pani ka mara, see Pati ka mara.
Panipat, s- Dihli, 8. DihU. 104, 149 u
2, 170 0 6, 285.
Panipat (Dastur), s, Dihli, 8. Dihli*
104.
Paniyal (vor. Panial), s. Ba^lah (Bari
Dd£b), 8. Labor, 110, 318.
Panjab, 8. Labor, 110.
Panjab (distnct), 246 o 3, 804, 325
O 2, 388, 388 0 1, 389, 889 g 1, 390
Ol.
Panjab (hills), 303 o 1.
Panjakora {va/r, Panjkora), 311 o 3.
Panjal, see Pir, P.
Panjar, s. Narnilah, 8. Barar, 234
Panj Bari 8bihpdr, 8. Labor, 110.
Panjbrirab, see Yej Br&ra.
Panjgar&mi (va/r. Pancbgrami), s.
Bari Dnab, 8. Labor, 110, 318.
Panjbir (valley), 8. Kabul, 399, 399
Panjbir {var. Panjsbir Pancbir), s.
iUbal, 8. K&bnh 399 o 3, 400 a 1,
410ol»41L
Panjkband, see Partabgafb.
Panjkora (district), 8. Kabul, 391
0 7.
Panjnad, see Birdn-i, P.
Panj Pab4r, s. Gigr6n, 8. Malwa,
209.
Panjsbir, see Panjbir.
Panman (par. B^min, Betm4n or
Peman), s. Mando, 8. Malwab, 112.
Panora, see Banori.
Pantasok, s. Kasbmir, 8. Kabul, 355
a 2, 356 0 3, 384 0 1.
Pantscb Botaca, see Banj M^nka.
Panwan, s. 8atgiov, 8. Bengal, 141.
Paywar, s. Beanwin, S. Agra, 188.
Panw4r. s. Bobtis, 8. Bab£r, 157.
Paplod (ootr. Biland Pilod, Beelowd),
8. A^madabad, 8. Gujrat, 253.
Papliin (var, Bildn, Bailun, Pildn),
s. 8arangpdr, 8. Malwa, 203.
Par&ncbab, s. Beanwan, 8. Agra, 188.
Parang (town), 8. Kabul, 411 o 1.
Paranpur, s. Ma^mddabad, 8. Bengal,
133.
Paranti, Parantij ? s. A^madabad, 8.
Gujrat, 253.
Parari, see Bwi^l
Parasbawar, s. Kabul, 8. Kabul, 411.
Paraspdr (var, Paruspdr, Paribasa-
pura), s. Kasbmir, 8. Kabul, 364,
364 0 3, 370.
Parat (var. Bairat, Birat, Peritb,
Beerat, Beratb), s. Alwar, 8. Agra,
96, 181, 191.
Pariiyab, see Kotri, P.
Parbadi, s. Jal^sar, S. Orissa, 142.
Parbani (row. Burree, Barai, Parti),
8. Patbri, 8. Barar, 236.
Parbat (t>ar. Parit), s. Ajmer, 8.
Ajmer, 102, 273.
Parcbol, s. 8drat, 8. Gujrat, 256.
Pirdiyir, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
Parbir (var, Paribir), s. Iraj, 8.
Agra, 96, 187.
Parbar, s. Kanauj, 8. Malwa, 200.
Parbarbdri, s. (Jfiazipdr, 8. Allaba-
bad, 90, 162.
Parbarpdr Jabdi (vor. Parbarpur,
Jbandi, Jabdi), s. Tirbut, 8. Babar,
156,
Ptobarpur Jabdi {va/r, P. Jbandi,
P. Jabdi), s. Tirbut, 8. Babir, 156.
Parbarpur Jabdi, see P. Jabdi.
Parbarpur Jbandi, see P. Jabdi.
Parbir Ragbd, s. Tirbut, 8. Babar,
156.
Paribar, see Parbar.
Paribasapura, see Paraspdr.
Paristdn, 8. Kibul, 347.
Parit, see Parbat. %
Parroanand, s. I^Uifatabad, 8.
Bengal, 134. ^^
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Parmgao^f see Birimgaof.
Parmodar Bhattachiraj {var. Nar-
modar, B.), s. Khali fatabad,
8. Bengal, 134.
Parnalah, see Namalah.
Parn^r, s. Sdrat, S. Gnjrat, 257.
Paf6hi (var. Baroi, Barohi), s. Sam-
bhal, S. Dihli, 105.
Parsand^n, s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93,
178.
Parsaror (8irkar) (Beohnan Dudb),
8. Labor, 110.
Parsaror (ww. Pasnir), s. Recbnan
Dnab, 8. Labor, 110, 320.
Parsotam, b. Katak, 8. Orissa, 144.
Partab, see Chand, P. Bazd.
Partab, see SalSm, P. B^zii.
Part^b-B^zii, s. Bazoha, 8. Bengal,
137.
Partabgafh (ror. Panjkhan<}),
8. Sylhet, 8. Bengal, 139.
Partahkulsy, see Barsi Tankli.
Parti, see Parbani.
Pamspur, see Paraspur.
Parwan, 8. Kabul, 399 a 3. 400,
400 a 1, 409 n 1.
Pasai {var. Bassi), a. Munghir, 8.
• Bahar, 155.
Pashii (monntain), 8. Kibnl, 399 o 3.
Pasbang (territory), s. Kandahar,
8. Kabul, 397. •
Pasrur, see Parsaror.
Patala (vor. Batala, Mi&la, 8hambala),
8. 8indh 8agar Duib, 8. Labor,
324.
Pataldeh, s. Ghoragbit, 8. Bengal,
135.
Patalibotra or Patna (city), 246 o 5.
Patal Nagari, 8. Barir, 231.
Patan, see Batan.
Patau, 8. Kashmir, 8. Kdbul, 371.
Patan, s. Kherbih, 8. Barar, 233.
Patan, s. Lakbnau, 8. Audh, 98, 178.
Patau, 8. Ranthanbhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
P&tar, see Bat
Patarrab, s. Kamalab, 8. Barar, 234.
Etanthai
, ^^arnal
Piltar 8hafkh Bibd, s. Namilah,
8. Barar, 234.
P^taddhi, (var, Pato^hi), s. Bewari,
8. DihU, 105, 293 *
Patban, {var, Bethau), s. Bari Ddab,
8. Labor, 318.
Pathrirah, s. Munghir, 8. Bahar, 155.
Pathri (Haveli). s. Pdtbri, 8.
Barar, 236.
Pdthri (8irkar). 8. Barar, 230, 236.
Pati, see Kiiranja Bibi.
Piiti, see Tdli.
Patialah, see Batalah.
Patiali, a. Kauauj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
Pati 'Alipdr, 6. Kauauj, 8. Agra, 96,
185.
Pati Biirmak, s. Parsaror (Bechnau
Duab), 8. Labor, 110.
Pati Barmali, see Pati Tarmali.
Pati Dhinat, (var. Piti Dhinot), s.
Jalaudhar, 8. Labor, llO, 316.
Pati Haibatpdr, 8. Bari Ddab,
8. Labor, 110, 318.
Pati Hajipdr {var, Barsi, H.)i
8. Chitor, 8. Ajmer, 102.
Pati ka mara {var. Pini ka mara),
8. Ma^ddibad, 8. Bengal, 133.
Pati Nakhat, s. Kauauj, 8. Agra,
185.
Pati Tarmali (var. Pati Barmali), s.
ftecbnau Duib, 8. Lahore, 320.
Patiyar, s. Bari Duab, 8. Labor, 319.
Pati Zafarwal, s. Parsaror. (Bechnau
Diiab), 8. Labor, 110, 320.
Patkabiri, see Patkamari.
Patkimari {var, Patkabari, Banga-
bari), s. Ma^mddabad, 8. Bengal,
138.
Patkehra {var. Tekhra, Tigara» Tay-
kehra), s. Hajipdr, 8. Bahir, 155.
Patlad, 6. Af^madiibid, 8. Gujrat,
253.
Patman, see Betman.
Patna, see Patalibotra.
Patna, s. Bahar, 8. Bahar, 151, 154.
Pato^hi, see Pataddhi.
Patora, see Batori.
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Pitri, S. GuJTat, 242.
Pftttan, see Deo Pattaiir
Pat tan, see Pattan Somnath.
Pattan (van Fik Pattan), s. Bet
Jalandhar Duab, S. Multan, 330 u
2,332.
Pattan (SirkirX S. Gujrat, 251, 264.
Pattan, a. Pattan, S. Gnjrat, 249,
254, 262.
Pattan (Haveli), s. Pattan, S. Gujrat,
254.
Pattan Deo, b. Sorath, S. Gujrat, 246
Q 2, 258, 259.
Pattan Somnath, s. Sorath, S. Gujrat,
239, 240, 242, 244, 245, 246, 246 o 1
246 a 3.
Patti Qajipdr, see Bar si H.
Patwah, see Batwah.
Pauagbar, see Chimpan^r.
Paund, see Pond.
Panni, s. Kberlah, S. Barar, 238.
PAwah (bill), S. Gujrat, 256.
Pawan Sendh, see Bawan Sendb.
Pegu {var. Chin), 119.
Pei, see Babai.
Pekin (city) (Tatou), 118 o 3.
Peman, see Panmin.
Peniir, see Bidwar.
Pentapolis (town), S. Bengal, 116
Pi^prti, s. Tirbut, S. Babir, 156.
Per^tb, see Parat.
Perim, see Biram.
Persia (country), 118 b 2, 121, 179,
240, 243, 265, 304 o 1* 312, 343, 348,
852, 371 B 6, 397 a 4, 404.
Persian Sea, 121.
Peshawar, S. lUbul, 281 o I, 311 o 3,
324 g 2, 391 0 5, 404 a 6, 411 u 1-
Peti, see Mangldr.
Pbdk, s. Kashmir, S. Kabul, 360, 369.
Phakar, see Bhakar.
Phali, 8. Tajpur, S. Bengal, 135.
Pbalka, s. Sitgaon, S. Bengal, 141.
Pband^r, see Bhander.
Pbapuiid, a. Kanauj, S. Agra, 96^
185.
Pbarwala (fortress), S. Labor, 323
0 5.
Pbug&nah, see Tandah, P.
Pbulari, s. Sonargao^, S. Bengal,
138.
Pbdlia, 8. Chitor, S. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Pbulnagar, see Bbulnagar.
Pbiilodhi, (vor. Bhodhi), s. Jodbpur,
S. Ajm^r, 276.
Pbulri, 8. Bari Duib, S. Labor, 318.
Pbulwari, s. Bahar, S. Babar, 154.
Phulwari, s. Gbor^gbat, S. Bengal,
135.
Phulwari (tappali), (Bari Duab), s.
Labor, S. Labor, 110, 318.
Pbulwari, s. Udner, S. Bengal, 130.
Piazbari, see Piyasbari.
Picb (district), 398 o 6.
Pigalgaou, s. Namalah, S. Barar,
234.
Pila, s. Khairabdd, S. Audb, 93, 177.
Pilod, see Paplod.
Pilon, see Papldn.
Pind Dadan Khin, S. Kabul, 405 & 2.
Pindi, see Bawul, P.
Pinjarab (Haveli), s. Pinjarah, S.
Bengal, 137.
Pinjarah (Sirkar), S. Bengal, 136.
Pipalbariya, s. Ma^mddabad, S. Ben-
gal, 138.
Pipal^ol (fort),*. Khandes, 224.
Pipli, see Bibli.
Pir, see Haji Pir.
Pir Panobil, see Pir Panjal.
Pir Panjal (var. Pir Pancbdl, Pir
Pantsal), (pass), S. Kabul, 347 o 3,
348, 348 0 1-
Pir Pantsal, see Pir Panjal.
Pirii, 8. Eobtas, S. Bahar, 157.
Pith, see Nandgao^, P.
Piyasbari (t?ar. Biarbdri, Piazbari),
(reservoir), S. Bengal, 123.
Podbah, see Podbh.
Podbb, (var, Podl^), s. Jodbpur, S.
Ajmer, 102, 276.%
Pokal, 8. Bikan^r, l^jm^r, 278.
Pokbaran, s. Bikan^r, S. Ajm^r, 278.
Digitized by
Google
80
Pdlah, 8. Ehalifalibid, S. Bengal,
1S4.
PoUrUr, B. Birbakabid, S. Bengal,
187.
Pond {va/r. Paund, Pdnar), s. Badiion,
6. Dihli, 104, 288.
Pdndri, (va/r. P^ndri), s. Sirbind, 8.
Dibli, 105, 295.
Poorgong, 966 Borg&on.
Poormal, see B6d^r.
P<Sr, 866 Par.
Porbandar, see Porbandar.
Portugal (country), 124 g 5.
Postah, »ee ^afbah, P.
Pothh, 866 Puth.
ToiU (var. Pdnga), s. Kbalifatiibftd,
S. Bengal, 184.
Pdtli, 866 Kot, P.
Ponrgaon, see Borg&on.
Prabisba, 813 o 2 (37).
Prabbasa (place of pilgrimage), S.
Gujrit, 280 0 1.
Prabbis Kan4 (spring), 8. Dibli, 280.
Pratipur-Durlabbaca, s. Kasbmir,
8. Kabul, 371-5 a 6.
Pravarasenapara, 8. Kasbmir, 8.
Kdbal,355a^,356Q3.
Praydga, 818 o 2 (20). '
Priyag (Allabibad) (town), 158.
Pubuman, see Betmin.
Pul-i Hasten, see Jli Pul-i Mastan.
Pdnab, s. Kallam, 8. Bariir, 235.
Punar, see Pond.
Pdncb (country), 8. Kabul, 847 a 8,
351 a 2.
Pdncb (river), 347 a 3.
Pdnga, see Potkii.
Puniya^, a. Hi^&r Firozah, 8. Dibli,
294.
Punjab, 866 Panjab.
Punpun (river), 8. Babar, 151.
Par, 8. Obitor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Par (vow. Pdr), s. Tijirab, 8. Agra,
96, 198. ^
Pdrab Bbagd#8. Tirbut, 8. Babir,
156. ^
Pdrab Dikb, 8. Katak, 8. Orisaa, 148.
Pdrab, 8. Sigtiiov, 8. Bengal, 141.
Purbandar {voir. Porbandar) (port),
8. 8oratb, 8. Gujriit, 246, 246 a 2,
259.
Pdr Obbapar, 8. 8abiranpdr, 8. Dibli,
105, 291.
Pdrgaon, see Bdrgiof.
Puri (town), 8. Bengl, 171 a 5.
Pdri (city), Oriaea, 127.
Pari (district), 127 a 1-
Pdma Pdmi, Pdmi (river), 222 a 5,
228, 224, 228.
Pdmiyab (8irkiir), 8. Bengal, 184.
Pdmiyab (Haveli), 8. Pdmiyab, 8.
Bengal, 184.
Puruabottama (Pdri) (city), 8. Orissa,
127.
Puaiih (vor. Bouaaa, Booeeb, BdsahX
8. Mdbdr, 8. Bar&r, 235.
Putaleh, 866 Bat^lah.
Putb (wr. Potbb), a. Dibli, 8. Dibli,
104,286.
Puttyaleb, see Batiilah Bin.
MhktA Baldcbin, aee 8urbb, B..i B.
Bacbniiu {var. Beobna), a. (Bechnia
Duib), a. Labor, 8. Labor, 110, 320.
Bacbniu Ddiib, s. Dipilpdr, 8. MultaD,
9S3.
Bacbniu Duab (oar. Becbniu D,
Bacbna Doab), (8irk4r), 8. Labor,
110, 110 a 5, 819, 826 a 1.
Bacbnad Ddab, a. Multin, 8. Multin,
880.
Badban, 8. Pattan, 8. Gujrat, 254.
B^dbanpdr, 8. Gujariit, 262.
Radjcober (country), 814 a 1-
Bae, see Karyat, R. 8amd.
B&eBareli, a. Minikpdr, 8. AUahi-
Ud, 90, 165, 286 a 4.
E4e Bareli (Daatur), 8. Minikpdr, 8.
Allab&bdd, 90.
Bae Bochab, see high, B. B.
Raekamiiti {var, Bangamati, •. Bagga-
matty), a. Lakbnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
Digitized by
Google
81
Bae Redib% see Malpt, B. R.
Baenih, 9ee Baesih.
Baepore (village), a. Ndrnol, S. Agra,
194.
Btepdr, aee Baipdr.
lUepdr, 8. Gigr6n, S. M&lwah, 201^.
Baepdr, s. Gwalior, 8. Agra, 187.
Biepdr, s. Jal^sar, S. Orissa, 142.
Biepdr, s. Soniirg^o?, S. Bengal,
188.
Baepdr Kanki, s. Mnltin (Sind Mgir
DdabXS.Malt4n,8dO.
Baepdr T4tir, s. Sahiranpdr, S.
Dihli, 106, 292.
Biesih (iKir. Baesik, Raenih), s.
Sulaimiinibad, 8. Bengal, 140,
140 ©7.
Baes4k, $ee Baesah.
B4e Samd, $ee Karyat B4e, 8.
Bigah, 8. Ghand^ri, 8. M^lwab, 202.
Baggamafcty, aee B4ek£mati.
B4ghd, see Parhar, B.
B4ghdpdr {vwr. Bilhdpdr), s. Cha-
nidah, 8. AllaUbid, 90, 165.
Bahbin, s. Tattah, 8. MuMn, 340,
340^3.
Bahim^bid, aee Lakbi, B.
Ba^imibad, s. Jilandbar, 8. Labor,
110, 316.
Ba^matiibdd, s. Dip^lpdr (Bet Jilan-
dbar Ddib), 8. Mnltin, 332.
Bah<St» 8. N4gor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Bai, 881.
Baigaon, aee Ballg&oy.
Biipdr, (dot. B4epdr), s. Kilpi, 8.
Agra, 97, 184.
Bai Sagar (lake), 8. Ajmer, 273 o 7.
Baisfn (8irk4r), s. Milwab, 112, 199.
BaiBin (Haveli), a. Baiain, 8. Milwab,
112» 199.
B4jabpdr, a. 8ambbal, 8. Dibli, 105,
290.
Baja Mabandrab (8irkir), 8. Oriasa,
126.
B4jimabendri, 228 q 6.
Bajanri, aee Bajori.
B4jgar (village), 8. Babar, 152.
11
Bijgarb, a. Bahir, 8. Saliar, 154
Bajbat, a. Bbariicb, 8. Andh, 93, 176.
Bajhifliar, a. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 188.
Bijmabal (bills), 8. Bengal, 116 g 1.
Bijmabal (town), 8. Bengal, 129 u 0«
B4j Mabandrab (8irkar), 8. Oriasa,
144.
Bijnagar, 273 q 7.
B4j6r, aee Karyit, B.
B4j6r, a. Madiknmg, 8. Barir, 236.
Bijdr, a. Namilab, 8. Barir, 234.
Bijor, a. Telinginab, 8. Barir, 287.
Bijori, a. Hin^fab, 8. Malwab, 207.
Bajori {va/r. Bajanri), a. Kaabmir, 8.
Kibul, 347 Q 2, 887 0 8.
BijpSplab, 8. Ghijarit, 251, 251 o 1, 8.
Bijpipla (bills), 8. Gujrat, 251 u 2, 8.
Bijpdr, a. Moltin, 8. Maltin, 829.
Bijpdr (villages), s. Mnltin (Birdn-i-
Panjnad), 8. Mnltin, 331.
Bijpdr, a. Sambbal, 8. Dibli, 106, 290.
Bijpdrpatan, a. Bet Jilandbar Ddib,
8. Libor, 317.
Bijpntina (country), 246 n 3, 268 e 4.
Bajur, 8. Kibul, 411 g 1.
Bakaa-tal (lake), 310 o 2.
Bilgan a. 8oratb, 8. Gnjarit, 258.
Bilhnpdr, see Bigbdpdr.
Billgio^ (va/r. Bwgaon, Banygong), a.
Kallam, 8. Barir, 235.
Bimagiri, 318 s 2^80).
Bimanti, s. Lakbnauti, 6' Bengal,
131.
Bambal {var. Zambil, Zimbal, Batll),
(village), 0. Kaabmf r, 8. Kibul, 861.
Bamcbandpdr (fort), a. Jal^sar, 8.
Oriasa, 142.
Bimcbiwand, aee Bamjaund.
Bimiaar (abrine), 8. Kbandea, 224.
Bimgar, aee Kobbir.
Bamgarb (fort), 8. Barir, 228.
Bimgarh, a. Gbrakhpur, 8. Andb, 93,
175. *
Bamgbar, aee Bangbar.
Bimgbar, (fort), 8. ^^r, 230.
Bamgbar (Haveli), aT^ftingbar, / 8.
Barir, 237.
Digitized by
Google
8t
lUmjinnd (mr. Biadiiwaild), i.
Tirliiit^ a Bahir, 156.
Btojok, a. Kherlah, 8. Barir, 284.
BAmk^t, 8. Lakhnan, 8. Audh, 96, 178.
Bamna (oar. Khamnii), s jTal^sar, 8.
OrifiM,148.
Bim6t, B. 8orath, S. Gujarit, 258.
BampiU (oityX 8. Dihli, 282.
Bimpdr, s. Bahir, 8. Bahi^, 154.
B4iBpdr(«ar. TeUmpdrX s. Ghitor, 8.
Ajmer, U)2.
Bimpdr, b. Sahiranpar, 8. Dibit, 105,
limpdr, (txor. BlnpdrX s. 8oTa^h, 8.
Gnjarit, 242, 244^ 258.
Btopdr, 8. Udner, 8. Bengal* 190.
Bimri, tee Arinuie.
Ban (tractX S. Gnjrat, 240, 249 o 7.
Baii4, tee Barodah, B.
B4n4, 966 Khohari, B.
Banbarpdr, «ee Banbirpdr.
B^birpdr, (wmt. Banbarpur), a.
Lakhnan, 8. Andh, 93, 178.
Binder, 96$ B4n^r.
B4n^r (var. Bandar), 8. 86rat, 8.
Gnjarit, 248, 257.
Bangamati, ms B4^k4ni4ti.
Bangarh, s. Kanaaj, 8. Malwa, 200.
BAngdiya, a. Ehalif at4b4d, 8. Bengal,
184.
B4nghar, (var, B4il«harX (SirkirX 8.
Barir,287.
Bangpar, 8. Bengal, 128 u 6, 124
ttl.
Bangpar, a. Knltin (8md 84g6r
DoibX a Multan, 880.
Bangtah (Tillage), 8. Agra, 180.
Banigit (biUX 404 n 6.
Banfh^i i. 84tgi09, 8. Bengal, 141.
Ban<Sd, a. Chand^ri, 8. Milwa, 202.
B4npdr, aee B4mpdr.
Bantanbhor, Me Banthanbb6r.
Banthanbh6r (Daatdr), a. Banthaobor,
8. Ajmer, 102.
Bantbanbor Miva/r. Banthanbhor),
(HaveUX^Unthanbbdr, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275.
Banthanbbdr {va/r. Baaliiaabor),
(8irk4r), 8. Ajmor, 102, 274.
B4nw^r, a. Rbandea (D&ndeaX
8. Khandea, 225.
B4nygong, aee Baiga<m.
B4o, aee Sikandar, B.
Bapari, a. Agra, 8. Agra» 96.
B4pri, a. Agra, 8. Agra» 96, 188.
Bm^ (river), 175.
B4ri, 8. Jaunpnr, 8. A11ah4b4d, 89,
168.
Bin, a. Karrab, 8. Allahib4d, 90,
168. [166.
Baaan, a. Kalinjar, 8. AUab4b4d, 90,
Baakoi (fortreaa), a. Bbadrak,
a Oriaaa, 143.
Baapdr, see B^npdr.
BaauUb4d, 176 u 2.
Baadliyi, a. Kanftnj, 8. M41wa, 200.
Baadlpdr, aee Jeaar.
Baadlpdr, 8. Dipilpdr, 8. Mnlttn.
113.
Baadlpdr, a. Fat^bid, 8. Beogpl
182.
Baadlpdr, a. Gk>ri^pdr, 8. Andb* 98i
175.
Baadlpdr, a. N4gor, 8. Ajmer, lOiL
277.
Bdtdi Jatdi, a. Bewiri, 8. Dibli, 105,
298.
Batangafh, a. Beanwin, 8. Agra,
189.
Batanpdr (town), (var. Battanpdr),a
Audb, 171.
Batanpdr, a. Qorakbpdr, 8. Andh, 98,
175.
Batanpdr, a. Kananj, 8. Midwis 200.
Batanpdr, a. Bobtda, 8. Bahibr, 157.
Bat^. a. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Bdtb, a. Kilpi, 8. Agra, 97, 184.
BatI, a. Hajipdr, 8. Bab4r, 165,
155 g 8.
Batil, see Bambal.
Batili (var. Batila), a. Knai4oo,
8. Dibli, 289.
BatUm, a. Ujjain, & M41wab» 112,
198.
Digitized by
Google
8S
Btittiali, 8. TaHfth, 8. Mnltin, 340.
Bataavali, 313 o 2 (41).
Battenpdr, see B^npar.
Bivi, eee Deg, B.
Bavi (vof. Irawati, Hydraotes).
(river), 310, 310 o 1, 311, 312,
826o2.
Bawal Pindi, 324 o 2.
Bayet, 8. Gujarit, 244.
Bayn, s. JaUsar, S. Orissa, 142.
Beebni, eee Beohnan.
Bechna (vaUey), S. Uhor, 311.
BeohnAn Duab, eee Bachnio, D.
Bed Sea, 121 u 3.
B^g-i Bawin, see Khwdjah B.-i B.
Bend (river), 157 o 10.
B^nha (var. Bfohi), s. 8Mk6t
(Bechnau D64b), s. Lahor, 110,
320.
B^npdr (var. Etaepdr, Bafctanpdr,
Buttenpoor), s. Ehandes, 8. Rhiln-
de8,225.
Sw Bettenpour, (town), 150 g 1.
Bewa Kaniha (ag^noy), 251 o 3.
Bewiodlinah, s. Baathanbhor, 8. Aj-
mer, 102, 275.
Bewiri, s. Bewiri, 8, Dihli, 105, 203.
Bewiri (Dastdr), s. Bewiri, 8. Dihli,
10&
Bewiri (Sirkar), 8. Dihti, 105, 160,
278, 298.
Bewasi, s. Ndgor, S. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Bhotis (town), 8. Bahir, 149.
Biibinah, see Biyibinah.
Bidlipdr, s. Giwil, 8. Barir, 283.
BihUpdrah, see Khalipiri.
Bilili. see Bohli.
BInha, see B^nhi.
Biyibinali (var. Biibinah), s. Iraj,
8. Agra, 96, 188.
B6dahi, s. Chand^ri, 8. Milwah, 202.
Bohankhir, s. Namalah, 8. Barar,
234
Bohirah, a. Beanwin, 8. Agra, 189.
Bohilkhand, 186 g 4.
Bohli, (va/r. Bihli, Bndanli), s. Qo-
rakhpor, 8. Audh, 93, 175.
Bohni, 8. Mtin^lr, 8; Bahir, 155.
Bohtak, (Dastdr), 8. Dihli, 8. DiMi,
104,287.
Bohtak, s. Hifar Firosah, 8. Dihli,
105.
Bohtis (fortress), 8. Bahar, 152.
Bohtis (Sirkar), 8. Bahir, 157.
B<^t48, 8. Bohtds, 8. Bahir, 157.
Bohtifl (Sirkar), a Labor, 110.
Bohtis, 8. Bohtas (Sindh Sagar
(Ddib), 8. Labor, 110, 328.
B<$n, 8. Nigor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 277.
Bdsbanpdr, s. Ajmer, 8. Ajmeif, 102,
273.
Bdbaspdr, s. IJdner, 8. Bengal, 180.
Bnobadah, s. Beuiwin, 8. Agra, 189.
Bndauli, see Bohli.
Budaoli, s. Audh, S. Audh, 98, 174.
Bdh, 8. Bahar, 8. Bahir, 154.
Bnknpdr, s. Ghorighit, 8. Bengtfl,
136.
Bdpar, s. Sirhind, 8. Dihli, 105, 296,
810.
Bnpari, s. Mnlt4n (Bimn-i Panjab),
8. Moltin, 381.
Bnpgarh (f ortX 8. Gkijarit, 251 9 2.
Bdpnagar, b. Baohnia Ddib, 8. Likor,
820.
Borki, B. Sahiranpdr, 8. Dthli, Mi,
Buttenpoor, see B^npdr.
Sabakbdla, fee Ban, 8.
Sabalbarak, see Silbaras.
Sabalbaras, see Silbaras.
Sabang, s. Jaliaar, 8. Orissa, 142w
Sabarchal, see Seojal.
Sibarma^ti («Nir. Savanumati),
(river), 239, 240, 253.
Sabdi (var. Sidi), s. Ghorighit,
8. Bengal, 136.
Sablgiria, see Selkhariya.
Sabtakah, see Sikhsh^ar.
Sad^lah, s. Nagor, w. Ajmer, 102,
277. VU
Sadghati, s. Sil^on, 8. Bengal, HI.
Digitized by
Google
84
Sadharbari, s. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal,
187.
Sidhdrah, s. Chand^ri, S. Mihrah,
202.
Sidhdrah, s. Sirhind, S. Dihli, 105,
296.
Sadhwa, b. FattuUbad, 8. Bengal, 132.
I^adkarah (Tappah), see §adkharah.
8adkliarah (oar. Tappak 8adkarah),
6. Dipalpur, 8. MtdUn, 113, 882.
8adkichal Kota, see 8adkich41 Koiiyi.
8adkichil Kotija, s. Ma^mddibid,
8. Bengal, 188.
8admapara {va/r. Pampur), b« Kash-
mir, 8. Kabul, 356 o 8.
Sadrpur, s. Shl^irabad, 8. Audh, 98,
177.
8afed K6h (White MoontainX
8. Kabnl, 405.
8af^ddn (vor* 8afiddn), s. Dihli,
8. Dihli, 104, 287.
Safiddn, aee Safeddn.
Sagar, see Eai, 8.
Sigar, 066 8indk 8agar.
8ag4i (var. SagriX s. Jaunpur, 8. Al-
lab^bdd, 89, 164.
Saghat, 8. Ghorighat, 8. Bengal, 186.
8aghaull, s. Monghir, 8. Bah&r, 155.
Sagri, 866 Sag^i.
8aha, aee 8ahia.
Sahajrao (dot. Sajhrao, 8anjrio),
8. Bachnau Ddib, 8. L4hor, 821.
SahaU, 8. Gujarat, 242.
8ahili, 8. Lakhnau, 8. Audh, 93, 178.
8ahan8ari, 8. Baotanbhor, 8. Ajm^r,
275.
8ahanspur, 8. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 105,
290.
Sahaysd, s. Bhadrak, 8. Orisea, 148.
8ahar, see Akhir»
Sahir (8irkar), 8(. Agra, 96, 160, 195,
309 u 8.
8ahar, s. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
8ahar, 8. 8i^, 8. Agra, 96, 160,
195. /
8ahar (da^), 8. 8ahar, 8. Agra,
96.
8ahiiranpdr (8irkarX 8. Dilhi, 105,
160, 291.
8aharanpdr, 8. 8ahiranpdr, 8. Dihli,
105,292.
8ahir B4ba Haji, 8. 84rangpdr,
8.Malwa,208.
8ahirkal (oar. 8arharkal), s. Fatl^-
b4d, 8. Bengal, 182.
84ha8, 8. Khalffatdbad, g. Bengal,
184.
8aha8pdr, 8. Khalifatabdd, b. Bengal,
184.
8ahaur (oar. 8ahawar), s. Kanaaj,
8. Agra, 96, 185.
8ahawar, see 8ahaur.
8ahia {va/r. 8aha, 8ah8ia, Sahaa)
(mountains), 228.
84himal6t, s. Jalandhar, 8. Labor,
110.
Sihir, see Bajwa^ 8.
Sahiswan, sae 8ah8aon.
8ahjan, b. Chand^ri, 8. Malwa, 202.
8ahl6r, s. 8indh 8igar Ddab^
(Birdn i Panjnad), 8. L4hor, 326u
8ahnah (town), 8. DihU, 281, 286 %2.
8ahrah, s. Bahir, 8. Bahar, 154.
8ahrind, aee 8irhind.
8ah8a, see 8ahia.
8ah8aon (oar. 8ahiBwan), s. Badtoi,
8. DihU, 104, 288.
8ahsaraon, s. Bohtas, 8. Bahir, 157.
8ah8ia, see 8ahia.
8ahspdr, 8. 8ulaimanabad, 8. Bengal,
140.
84hd Mali, s. Labor (Eaohnau Ddab),
8. Uhor, 110, 820.
8ahwi, 8. Ghittagong, 8. Bengal,
139.
8ai (river), 165, 171, 173.
8aifib&d, 8. Kibdl, 400 o L
8aighan, see Talikin.
8aiU, 8. Ghenhat Ddab, 8. Lahor,
322.
8ainbhdm, 8. Madiiran, 8. Bengal
141.
8ainkherah, s. Kherlah, S. Barar,
283.
Digitized by
Google
St John, Bee Sttnjin.
Sifpdr, 8. Lakhnaa, 8. Audh, 93, 178.
S&ir-i Mawasi (vor. Saira'l Mawari),
B. Kashmir, 8. Kibnl, 867, 868,
371.
Saira'l Mawasi, eee S4ir-i Maw&zi.
84jiri, eee Deoli, 8.
Sajiwaad, a. Kibul, 8. Kabul, 406.
Sajhiio, eee 8ahajhU>.
Sakari, 8. Sonirgaon, 8. Bengal, 138.
Sakatpdr, s. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96,
185.
Saket, eee 8akhet Mandawi.
Saketh, s. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96, 185,
309, 809 u 3.
Saketh (Dastur), s. Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96.
Sakhadeh, s. 8onirgion, 8. Bengal,
138.
Sakhan, s. Alwar, 8. Agra, 96, 192.
Sakhar, eee Kanak, 8.
Sakharbhum, see Shergarh.
8akhargio9, s. Sonirgao^, 8. Bengal,
138.
Sakhit* 8atg&09. 8. Bengal, 141.
Sakhet Mandawi (var, Saket and
Mandi) s. Beth Jalandhar Ddib,
8. Jjkhar, 317.
SikhmiU, eee Ganj, 8.
Sakhrasinf, s. Munghfr, 8. Bahar,
155.
8akhwa, s. Sonargao^ 8. Bengal,
188.
Sakhwarah, eee Dant}, 8.
Sakkar Kh^rlah! a. Mahkar, 8. Barir,
287.
8akla (river), 190.
8akot&, 8. Satgaov, 8. Bengal, 141.
8akrao9, 8. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
Sakras, s. Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Salbahan, eee Kot, 8.
Saldah, s. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Sal<^r (fort), 8. Gujarat, 251.
Sal^sarbahi (vwr. S^lesari), s. Khali -
fatab&d, 8. Bengal, 134.
8il68ari, eee SaMsarbahi.
Salgiram (river), eee Gandhak.
Silibariya, s. Ma^mudibad, 6. Ben-
gal, 133.
8alfmiib&d, eee 8ulaim4nib4d.
8alim£b4d, s. Ba^lah, 8. Uhor, 110.
8alimabad, s. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 157.
8alim Partib Bizu, s. Bazohi, 8. Ben-
gal, 138.
8alimpur, s. Mahmudib^d, 8. Ben-
gal, 133.
8altmpdr, s. Sdtgio^, 8. Bengal, 141.
8alimpdr, 8. Son^rgao^, 8. Bengal,
138.
8alfmpdr, b. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 156.
8alimpdr, b. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 130.
8aliBari, b. Soniirgaoy, 8. Bengal,
138.
8al6d, eee 8al<$r.
8al<$i, 8. Kherlah, 8. Barar, 234.
8al6n, 8. Manikpdr, 8. Allah£b4d, 90,
165.
Sal6r (var, 8al6d), s. Gawil, 8. Barar,
232.
Salor, B. Kallam, 8. Barar, 235.
8alt Mountains, 823 a 8, 405 a 2.
8alvar Bara, eee 8an6lad B^rah.
8amadAni, eee 8amdwdni.
SaxnkU 8. BahiT, 8. Bahir, 154.
8amaj (road), 8. Kabul, 392.
8amili, eee Man, 8.
8aman (var, Biman) (lake), b. Bija-
garh, 8. Malwit 204.
8anUnah, s. 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 105,
296.
8amanah (Daatdr), s. 8irhind,
8. Dihli, 105.
8amani 8arai, 8. Kiibul, 347 o 3.
Samarkand (country), 220 o 5, 388 a 1,
401 0 4, 404, 408.
I 8amaml, s. Hinffah, 8. Malwah, 207.
8amar Sanhas, s. Madiran, 8. Ben-
gal, 141.
Samauli, s. Gwalior, 8. Agra, 187.
Samiwani (var. Samadani), s. Na^ir-
pdr, 8. Multan, 341.
Sambal, eee 8anbal.\
Sambala (var, SadQ|p), s. Udn^r,
8. Bengal, 130. '
Digitized by
Google
8ft
Sattbalh^ri, am Sanbftlri.
Sambh&l, see Sanbal.
8ambhar» s. Ajm^r, 8. Ajm^r» 217 u 2,
273.
Samel (var. S^mbal), s. Ghit6r,
8. Ajmer, 102, 274
Sami, s. PaUan, 8. Gujarat, 254.
8am6ni (var. Sfmaiinl), s. Kilinjar,
8. Allahibad, 90, 166.
Somrdn, b. Ohampiran, 8. Bah^r,
155.
8amd, see Karyat Bae 8amd.
8ani, s. Kanauj, 8. Malwa, 200.
8aBiai, s. Mando, 8. Malwah, 112,
207.
8ana8 Mandeh, see Sonasi Mand^hah.
8anawar, Bijigarh, 8. Milwah, 204
8anbal (var. 8ambhal) (Sirkar),
8. Dihli, 105, 160, 281, 289.
8anbal (var. 8ambhal, 8ambal),
8. Sanbal, 8. DiUi, 105, 281.
Sanbal {va/r. Sambhal) (Daatdr)^
8. Sanbal, 8. Dihli, 105.
Sanbal (vor. Sambhal) (Haveli),
8. Sanbal 8. Dihli, 105, 281.
Sanbalhera, aee Sanbalfi.
Sanbalfi (var. Sanbalhera, Sam-
balh^ri, SanbaltariX s* Sahiran-
par, 8. Dihli, 105, 292.
Sanbaltari, see Sanbalfi.
Sinbhar, 8. Ajmer, Sk Ajmer, 102.
Stochdr, 8. Sirdhi, 8. Ajmer, 276.
Sandabad, see Ghenab river.
84n4ah, 8. Bahar, 8. Bahar, 154
Sandal, see Akbarshahi.
Sandaram (river), 8. Kashmir,
8. Kibol, 355 o 1.
Sandari, 8. Ajm^r, 8« Ajm^r, 273.
Sandarsi, 8. Sarangpdr, 8. Milwah,
204
Sandharbiri, s. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal*
137.
Sandheri, see Bandhan, 8.
Sandhwal (txir. Sandhwan, Sindhii-
wan), 8. l^or (Bari Ddib),
8. Labor, 1^19.
Sandhwan, see Sandhwal.
Sin^i, 8. Ehairiibdd, 8. Audh, 9^
177.
San4l, 8. Lakhnao, 8. Andh, 98,
178.
Sandilah, e. Lakhnau, 8. Audh« 98,
178.
Saydip, (var. So^dip), 8. Fat^^bid, 8.
Beng^ 182.
Sandri, 8. Chitor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
274
Sanddmi, 8. Khandes (Dindes,
8. Khandes, 225.
Sangdwir, s. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
Sanghauli, a. Solaimaniibid, 8. Ben-
gal, 140.
Sangkalkara, 8. Lakhnauti, 8. Ben-
gal, 13L
Singdr, see Sankdr.
Sangdri, s. Bijigarh, 8. Malwah,
205.
Sangror, s. Allahabad, 8. AUahibid,
89.
Sanhas, see Samhar, 8.
Sanhata, see Senthhah.
Sdinhipdr, s. Qfaoraghat, 8. Bengal,
186.
Sa^husiri, 8. Banthanbor, 8. Ajmer,
102.
Sinia, see Kamari.
Saniar 8a8a, see lUmari.
Saniba, see Kamari.
Sanila, see Sambala.
Saniy& (var. Snneyi), s. Badaoa,
8. Dihli, 104, 289.
Sanjan (var. Sanjana, Schechana,
St. John), 8. Gajarat, 242, 243,
243^8.
84njaali (river), 287.
Sanjhanli, b. Bharaich, 8. Audh, 93,
176.
Sanjbauli (va/r. Sanjholi, Sinjholi),
8. Jaonpdr, 8. AUahibdd, 89, 157,
163.
Sanjholi, see Sanjhanli.
Sanjdli Tadii, 8. Tirhat, 8. Bah4r,
157.
Digitized by
Google
J
8«ikab4U, Me Bwi Sabakb^U.
BMikar, b. Bhakkur, 8. Mnlt^n, 884.
fiankarbanot, aee Sahimalot.
Sankirdal (or Nizimpdr), 8 Barba-
kibid, 8. Bengal, 137.
Bankardija, s. Ma^mddibid, 8. Ben-
gal,'l88.
Bankatd, s, Pinjarah, 8. Bengal, 187.
Bankatodiya, Bee Sankodiya.
BankbiU, see Ban 8ibakbaU.
Sankbina, s. Narnol, 8. Agra, 97.
8ankbi Arwal, s. BiriDdiib, 8. Uhor,
• 319.
Bankbashaliar, see Sikhsbahar.
6ankodiya(iHu*.8aiikatodiyaX b. Lakb-
nanti, 8. Bengal, 132.
8ank6r, {var, Siugdr), s. Mand6, 8.
Malwah, 112,207.
8ankiidh£r, see Dbirbi.
8ankddbar (vor. Beyt) (island),
8. Gajarat, 248.
Bankdrah, s. Tattab, 8. Mnltdn, 340.
8an61ad Birab (var, 8ownlapara,
8alTar Bara), s. Batialab, 8. Barir,
288.
8an6t, s. Babar, 8. Babar, 154.
Bin^hidiri, a. Tijarab, 8. Agra, 96.
19J.
Bantbil (ParganabsX 8. Bengal,
116 u 1.
Ban'win, see Bayanwin, Beanw&n.
Bi^wirgbiti, m Bi^wirkbiti.
Bi^warkbiti (iMtr. Baywargbati),
8. Cbit6r, 8. Ajmer, 102, 274.
Banw^r, a. Ujjain, 8. Milwab, 112,
198.
Banw^s, s. Cbimpan^r, 8. <}a]ar^t,
250.
Sanybet, see Bentbbab.
Siodi, 8. Kbandes (Dindes), 8. Kban-
des, 225.
Bar, see Bati, 8.
8arada (teihple), a. Kasbmir,
8. lUbnl, 866.
Barab, see Birab.
Barab (riyer), 168.
Seana, see Birai.
8ar6i, see Gbegban, 8.
Biran (Sirkar), 8. Bahi^, 155.
Barangpdr (SirkarX 8. Milwab, 112,
208.
Birangpdr, s. Kanauj, 8. Milwab,
200.
Birangpdr, (Haveli), s. Sirangpdr,
8. Malwab, 208.
Baraon, s. AUababad, 8. Allabib^d,
89, 161.
Baras, see Sarsi.
Barasgio^, s, (Hwil, 8. Barar, 282.
Baraswati {var. Barasvati) (river),
120 0 4, 120 a 5, 125 u 2, 158, 239,
239 u 6, 281.
Bar^wah (vor. BarwirabX 8. Dibli,
8. Dibli, 104, 287.
Barayd (river), 228 o 4.
Barbddablpdr, s. Lakbnauti, 8. Ben-
gal, 182.
Barbana, see Cbanki.
Barban^ab, a. Gwalior, 8. Agra, 187.
Sarbbdn, a. Sdrat, 8. Qnjarat, 257.
Sardabi, a. BobUa, 8. Lt^or, 110.
Bardbanab. see Birdbanab.
Bardbir, a. Bora^b, 8. Gajarit, 244,
244 ul.
Bardiyd, a. Fat^bdd, 8. Bengal, 182.
Bar^si, 8. H&jipdr, 8. Babar, 155.
Bareabta, s. TirUHt, 8. Babar, 156.
Sarbarkar, see Babarkar.
8arbarpdr {vcur, Bnrbarpdr), a. Jaan-
pur, 8. Allab^bad, 89, 164.
Barbind, see Birbind.
Baril {wur, Barai), s. Boratb,
8. Gujarit, 258.
Bariaani, s. Fat^b&d, 8. Bengal, 182.
Bariydnab, see Hajipdr, 8.
Barjani, aee Bb^rkbanab.
Sarjd, see Bard.
Sarkar, see Bbergarb.
Barkarara, 318 u 2 (2).
Barkban^al, a. SyJbet, 8. Bengal,
189. \
Barkbdni, see Bberktii^b.
Sarkbecbi see Barkbej.
Digitized by
Google
Sarkhej {var. SarkheohX S. Gnjarit,
241.
Samain, Bee Amar, S.
8ar6hi, $ee 8ir6hi.
Sarohi, s. Munghir, 8. Bengal, 155.
8ar6n, s. Lakhnan, 8. Andh, 98, 178.
Saronj, s. Chand^ri, 8. Malwah, 202.
8ar6r (var, Birdr, 8erw6r), s. Kananj,
8. Agra, 96, 185.
8ar68i, s. Lakhnan, 8. Andh, 93, 178.
8ar6t, see 8arwit.
8arotiyi, s. Ma^ddabid, 8. Bengal,
138.
Sarsibad, s. Lakhnanti, 8. Bengal,
181.
Sarsariya, a. Ma(Lmudibid, 8. Bengal,
188.
Sarsiwah, s. Sah^ranpur, 8. Dihli,
105, 292.
Sarsawah, (var, Sdr8iwali)» s. 8am-
bhal, 8. Dihli, 105, 290.
8arsi, see 8arii.
8arBi (var, Saras), s. Bohtas, 8.Bahar,
157.
8arsi, (var, Sirsi), s. 8anbal, 8. Dihli
105, 290.
Sarsiah, s. Baisin, 8. Milwah, 112,
199.
8arB6n, s. Giwil, 8. Barar, 282.
Sarsdp, s. Banthanbhor, 8. Ajmer,
102, 275. •
8arsuti (var. 8ara8wati) (riverX l^t
• 242,246.
Sara (var, Sarju) (riverX 157, 171,
172, 176, 805.
Sardp 8ingh, s. Udner, 8. Bengal,
180.
8ardr, see Bhfn, 8.
8arwa, see Barwa.
8arwdpali, s. Andh, 8. Andh, 98, 174.
8arwar, s. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102, 278.
Sarwirah, see 8artiwah.
8arwAt (var, Sarot), s. 8ah^ranpnr,
8.DihH,105,m
QAah6T, B. PinjJah, 8. Bengal, 187.
Sitalm^r, s.^Uipdr, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276.
8atalpdr, s.F^tfan, 8. Gnjarit, S54
8iitanpdr, b. Andh, 8. Andh, 98, 174.
8atanpdr, b. Lakhnan, 8. Andh, 94,
178.
8atanpdr, s. 8itgio^ 8. Bengal, 141.
8ata8i Mnndiyi, see 8ona8i Mandehah.
S^tgaon (portX 8. Bengal, 120, 125.
Sitgiov, (8irkarX 8. Bengal 125,
125 u 2, 140.
8itgao9, B. 8atgao9, 8. Bengal, 14L
8atgarah (oar. 8atgarha, 8atgbara)»
310, 310 o 1, d26 u L
8atgarha, see 8atgarah«
8atheU (var. 8ithU, 8athilaX *
8. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer, 102, 273.
SathiU, see 8atheU.
8ati 8ar, (diBtrictX s. Kashmir,
8. Kibnl, 380.
8atlaj, see 8ntlej.
8atner, s. Kherlah, 8. Barir, 233.
8^t6r, B. Matmindabid, 8. Bengal
188.
8atpdr, b. Kashmir, 8. Kabnl 864.
Satpdra (monntainsX 223 a 2, 228 b%
251 u 3.
8atrakah (var, 8atrikah, 8afcrikh),
8. Andh, 8. Andh. 98, 174.
8atrikah, 8atrikh, see Satrakah.
8atrdnjah (var. 8atmnjaya), (hill),
8. Gnjarat, 247, 247 u 2.
8atmnjaya (hill), see 8atmnjah.
Satsanga, see 84t8iki.
8itBik4 (var, Satsuiga), b. 8nlaimina»
bdd« 8. Bengal 140.
8atwi8, B. Hinfiah, 8. Malwah, 207.
Satyiri, b. Mnnghir, 8 Bah&r, 155.
8anrakh, see 8e6nrakh.
8aYamamati, see 8ibarmaUi.
8awad, see Qwit,
8awail (or JaUlpdr), b. FatLtibad,
8. Bengal, 132.
8ayyidpnr, see 8idhor.
8ayyidpdr Namdl, b. Ghazfpdr,
8. Allahab&d, 90, 162. .
8chagnnpoor, see 8dganpdr.
8chechina, see 8anJMu •
Sebelgehrya, see Selkha^iya. , .
Digitized by
Google
Seedhore, lae Sidhoi".
Seekenpoor, Bee Sdganpdr.
Seernoor, see Serhwar.
Sehamarli, see Tamumi.
8eh6r, b. Gohdwan^ Qujarit, 244.
Sehra, b. Godhii, S. Gujarat, 258.
Sehrend, 326 u 2.
S^hwin, 8. Mnltdn, 387, 337 a 4, 388,
346.
8ejestan, eee SejiBtan.
8eii8tan (tw. Sejestan) (territory),
8. Kibal,344u2, 414 «!.
Selak (var. Silak), b. Audh, 8. Audh,
93, 174.
8elkhariya (var. Sablgiria, Sebel-
gehrya), b. Lakhnanti, 8. Bengal,
131.
8^mbal, see Samel.
S^na, see Bhima, 8.
Senargam (Soniirgao^), 8. Bengal,
124 u 5.
SencUr, s. Gigr6n, 8. M41wah, 209.
8endh, see Bawan, 8.
8en4ha (far. 8ih6ndiX »• Kilinjar,
8. AUahaMd, 90, 166.
flengarh (fort), 8. Gujarat, 251 © 2.
8enj4ni, see 8anjan.
8^n6r, s. Baroda, 8. Gujarat, 255.
Sentah, see 8enthhah.'
8enthhah {var, 8entah, 8enhata,
8anyhet), b. Dihli, 8. Dihli, 104,
287. [290.
8eohara, s. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 105,
Seojil (vdr, 8abarchal), s. 8onargionf
8. Bengal, 138.
8eokherah, b. Mar68dr, 8. Milwah,
908.
8e61i, see 8e6ni.
8e61i (var. 8heoli), Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96,185.
8e61i, 8. P^thri, 8. Barir, 286.
8eo9, ^ ^^^f S.
H^ni, B. BatUlah, 8. Bardr, 238.
8e6ni (var, 8e<$li), s. Hinfiah,
8. Malwih, 207.
84Qiii (var. Sorli, 8oorety, 8eorli,
Surati), b. Pithri, 8. Barto, 286.
18
Seonkar Beonkri, b. Agra, 8* Agra,
96, 183.
Seonkri, see 8eonkar, 8.
8ednrakh (var, 8aurakh, 8onarka,
8ewbnrgeh), s. Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96,185.
8eopur, see 8idhar.
8eopdri, see 8eorpdrf.
Se<$r, 8. Bahir, 8. Bifair, 154.
8eorihi, b. Multan (Birdn-i Panjnad),
8. Multan, 331.
Seor^n, s. Hifar Firdeah, 8. Dihli,
294.
8eorinah, b. Bfjigarh, 8. M^lwah,
205.
8eorli, see 8^oni.
Seorpdrl (var. 8eopdri), s. Narwar,
8. Agra, 190.
8era, see Chegban, 8.
8era, 8. Eibul, 347 u 3.
8er£U, see Kafbah, 8.
Seres (country), 118 o 2.
Serhwar (var. Sirapour, Seemoor),
8. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal, 131.
Serik^ (country), 118 © 2.
Serot, Seroot, see Jalalpnr Barwat.
Serpdr Morehah, see Sherpdr.
Serwer, see 8ar6r.
Sesahr^, s. Tijpdr, 8. Bengal, 135.
Sesdd^, 8. Ajmer, 269.
Seth, fee M^tth. •
S^uola, see SheoU.
Sewah, eee Barah, 8.
Sewah, b. Eherlah, 8. Barar, 234.
SewaU, 8. M&hdr, S. Barir, 236.
S^wana, s. Jodhpdr, 8. Ajmer, 102,
276.
Sewanbdrha, a. Pan^r, 8. Barir,
238.
Sewani, s. Hifar Fir6zah, 8. Dihli,
295.
8^wini, 8. Baisin, 8. IkUlwah, 113,
199.
Sewburgeh, see 8edni^h.
8^we, see Siwi. |\
8ewi, 8. Bhakkar, 8. M^n, 384 ^ 6,
336, 387, 346,
Digitized by
Google
90
Bewistan, s. SewistAn, 8. Mnlt&n,
340.
Sewist^n (vor. Siwistin) (Sirkar),
8. Multan, 180 u 5, 326, 828 a 1»
d87,3d7Q4,888, S40..
Shidarah, a. Kashmir, 8. lUbol, 869.
Shidi-ibad, s. Jannpore, 8. Allahi-
Ud, 89, 164.
Shadfpdr, 855 a 1.
ShAdlpur, 8. Kalinjar, 8. Allahabad,
90,166.
Shah, see Malik, 8.
8hahabad, see Vemag.
Shahab&d, s. Sirhind, S. Dihli, 105,
296.
8hahibti'ddinpdr, s. Kashmir, 8. Ka-
bul, 864.
8hahajiyal, s. Ma^mddiLb^d, 8. Ben-
gal, 188.
8hdh Ajiy^l BiiKu, s. BAzohA, 8. Ben-
gal, 188.
8hahar, see 8ikh, 8.
Bhihbdla, s. Lakhnanti^ 8. Bengal,
181.
8hahbiizpdr, s. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal,
182.
8hahbazpdr, s. Lakhnaati, 8. Bengal,
131.
8hah Hindin, see 8h^hmandawi.
Shihi, see M\Ap 8.
8hahi, see Bahadur b.
8h4hi, see Bali 8.
8hahi, see Bazu FauUd 8.
8hahi, see Bizn Zafar 8.
8hahi, see Dadd 8.
Bhihi, see ^usain 8.
8hahi, see Ma^Lmnd 8.
Shiihiy see Manohar 8.
8hahi, see Mihmin 8.
8hahi, see Musjid Hnsain 8.
8hahi, see Mufaffar 8.
Shahi^ see Nafrat 8.
8hahi, see 8ulaiman 8.
8hihi, see Td^ 8.
Shahi, 8. Safibhal, 8. Dihli, 105,
290. ^
8hAhjehan4bid,^t6e Dihli.
8hah Kibul (hill), s. Kibol, 8. Kibol,
403, 403 g 5, 404.
8hahk6t (mountain), s. Kashmir, 6.
Kabul, 861.
8h6hlalsari, s. Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal,
131.
8h£hbandawi (var. 8hih Hindui), 8.
Lakhnauti, 8. Bengal, 182.
Shahpdr, see Dakhan, 8.
Shahpdr, see Utar, 8.
8faahpdr (city), 8. Barar, 229.
8hahpdr, s. Kiilpi, 8. Agra, 97, 184»
8hAhpdr, s. Kanauj, 8. Malwa,.200
8hahpdr, b. Labor (Bari Daub), 8.
Labor, 110, 811 n 2, 819,
Shihpdr, s. Madaran, 8. Bengal, 141.
Shahpdr, s. Baisin, Malwah, 112, 199.
Shahpdr, s. Tajpur, 8. Bengal, 185.
Shahr Mri (gardens), s. Kibul, 6.
Eibul, 404.
Shahzadah Baloch, see 8. Baloj.
ShahzadiOi Baloj (va/r. 8. BalochX
s. Dipalpdr, 8. MulUn, 118, 338.
Shahzidah ETajrau, s. Dipalpdr, S.
Multan, 113.
Shibzidah Hinjrao, see 8hi|izdah, H.
Shahzadahpdr, s. BogU, 8. Bengal,
134.
Shihzadahpdr, 8. Irij, 8. Agra, 96,
188.
Shahzadahpdr, s. Lakhnauti, 8. Ben-
gal, 18L
Sh&hz^dah Banjr^, see ShAnadah
Hinjrio.
Shaikh B4bd, see Pitar, 8. B.
Shaikpdr, see Sulaimanpdr.
Shaikhpdr, s. Jalandhar, 8. Labor,
110, 317.
Shakamag (spring s. Ka^mfr, 8.
Kabul, 361.
Shakarpdr, s. DihH, 8. Dihli, 104,
287.
Shakarpdr, s. Hazirah (Jecb DdibX
8. Labor. 110, 822.
8hal, 8. J^Iandabar, 8. Kabul, 397.
Shalahmir (waterfall), s. Kaeindr,
8, Kabul, 861.
Digitized by
Google
91
Shalesari, 6. LakhnautS^ S. Bengal,
132.
Shamsabad, aee Sharashibad.
Shamidiabad (var. Sharosiibad), s.
. Hazarah (Sindh 86gar Ddab), 8.
Uhor, 111, 816, 324.
Shamshabad, s. Kanauj, 8. Agra,
96,185.
Shamsh Khani, s. Udn^r. 8. Bengal,
ISO. [138.
81ian>8hpdr, s. Sonargao^, 8. Bengal,
8han Chang, $ee Banian Chang.
8han£dah Dih^t, 8. Hifir Firozah, 8.
DihU, 105, 295.
Shanzdah Hinjrao (var. Shihzadah
8anjrar, Sfhihaidah Hinjrio>
Shanzdah Sinjrao), s. Bachnau
Ddab, 8. Uhor, 321.
8hanzdah 8injrao, «ee 8. Kinjrao.
8harff£bid (8irkar), s. Bengal, 125>
ia9.
8battadar (txnr, Sydrns), Sutlej
river, 310, 310 o 2.
SheoU (var, S^nola, s. Namalah, 8.
8. Barar, 234.
8heoli^ $00 8doli.
Sheopnr, tee 8fdhor.
8hergarh (ttar. Sarkar,), s. Jalandhar,
8. Labor, 110, 317.
8h^rgarh, s. Katak, 8. Orissa, 144.
8hergarh (or 8akharbhdm), s. Mada-
ran, 8. Bengal. 141.
Sh^rgarh, s. Multan, (Beth Jalandhar
Ddiib), 8. Mnlt&n, 329.
8her Khan, see 8herkhanah.
8h^rkhanah (var. Sher Khan, 8h^-
khani, Sarjani, 8arkhAni) (pass),
8. Kabul, 391, 392.
Sherkol, 8. 8anibhal, 8. Dihli, 105,
290.
Sh^rpdr, see Karyit, 8.
Sh^rpdr, 8. Barbakabad, 8. Bengal,
137.
8h^rpdr, s. Bari DoAb, 8. Labor, 319.
8herpdr (Mihman 8hihi) (var. 8er-
pnr Morchah), s. Bazob^, S. Ben-
gal, 138.
8herpdr, s. Lakhnaatt, B. Betigal,
131.
8herpdr, s. Ma^ddibid, 8. Bengal,
138.
8h^rpdr, s. Namalah, 8. Barar, 284.
8herpdr, a. Udntfr, 8. Bengal, 130.
Sherpdr At4i, s. 6harii4b4d, 8. Ben^
gal, 140.
8herpdrbari, 8. Maf^ddibidy 8. Ben-
gal, 138.
Sherpdr Koibiri, 8. Ghora^^t, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Shershihi, s. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 180.
8hevaki (plain), 404 o 2.
Shiber, 8. Kibnl, 400 a 1-
Shibertd (pa88), s. Kabul, 8. Kabul,
400, 400 0 1.
Shikarpdr, 8. Barbakab4d, 8. Bengal,
137.
Shikarpdr (district), 8. Kabul, 884 1^
1, 402 B 3.
Shikarpdr, s. K61, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
Shiken, see Dendan, 8*
Shillong (district), 119 a 1-
8hiriiz, 146.
Shirpao, 8. Kabul, 411 u 1.
Sh6r, 8. Hazarah, (Rachnau Ddib),
8. Labor, 111.
Shdr, 8. Multan, 326, 836.
Shorabak, s. ^^dahar, 8. Kabul,
897.
Shorbhdm, see Dawar, 8.
Sherpdr, s. Hazarah (Jech Ddab), 8.
Labor, 110, 322.
Shnjaapdr, s. Sdrangpdr, 8. Milwab,
204.
Shukroh, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 1362,
370.
Shukru, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 363,
Ol.
8humsibad, 8. Ajmer, 271.
Shupiyon, 8. Kdbul, 347 a 3.
Shuster, see Tustar.
Sialgoga, see Sialkol^.
Sialkokah, (var. Sia^roga) (island^
8. aujarit, 245.
Sialkot, 389 u 1.
Digitized by
Google
92
Siilk($i, 96e Maakoknor, S.
8iilk<$t (Sirkir) (Bechnau Ddab), 8.
Lfthori 110.
Siilkdt, 8. 8ialk6t, (Bachnau Ddih),
8. L4hor, 110, 321.
8iioi, 8. Gujarat, 242.
Sibah, 8. Beth Jalandhar Ddiib, 8.
lAhoT, 317.
Siberia (country), 363 u 3*
8ibi, see Siwi.
SIdhawa, s. Bijigarh, 8. Milwah,
205. [295
8fdhinukh, s.Hifar Firosab, 8. Dihli,
8idbor {var, Sayyidpur, 8eopur,
Sheopur), 8. Lakbnau, 8. Audh, 98,
, 178.
8idhpur, 8. Gujarat, 242, 246 u 8-
8idhp6r, (RidbdpdrX 8. K61, S.Agra,
97, 186.
Sidbpdr, 8. Ldbor (Bachniu Ddab),
8. Ubor, 110, 320.
Si^hpdr, (var. Sf dhApur), a. Lakhnau,
8. Audh, 93, 170, 178.
8idbpiir Panchnagar, (var. Bijna-
gar), 8. Labor (Becbnau Duab), 8.
L&hor, 110.
Sidhdpdr, gee Sfdbpdr.
8Sdi» $66 8abdi.
8ib6iida» 866 8endba.
Sihonda, 176 o 2.
8ikandarib&d, s. Abli, 8. Dihli, 104
287. '
Sikaudarpnr, s. AUahibad, 8. AUaha-
bad, 89, 161.
8ikandarpdr, 8. Jauitpur» 8. Allaha-
b&d, 89, 164.
Sikandarpur, (Dastdr), 8. Kanauj, 8.
Agra, 96.
Sikandarpur Atr^ji, (var. Atr^ji),
8. Kanauj, 8. Agra, 99, 185.
8ikandar Bao (Sikandrah Bao), s.
K61, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
8ikandrah Bao, gee 8ikandar, B.
8ikandrapdr O^u, s. Kanauj, 8.
Agra, 185. #
8ikh Shabai^ Birbakabad, 8. Ben-
gal, 137.
Sikhabahar {vckr. Sabtakah, Beehddi,
8ilah£babar, Sankhaabahar), a.
Ghorighit, 8. Bengal, 186.
8ikri, eee Fatehpnr, 8. Agra, S. Agra.
Sikri Bbukarh^ri, eee BhukarbeH s.
Sahiranpdr, 8. Dibli, 105, 292.
Silababahar, eee Sikbabahar.
Silak, eee Selak.
Sllbaraa (var. Barak, Sabalbaraa,
Sabalbarak), s. Bisohi, 8. Bengal,
138.
8ilpur, 8. Cbanadab, 8. Allah4bad, 90.
Slid, a. Panir, 8. Barar, 283.
8ilwirab, a. BIjigarb, 8* M^wah,
205.
Simauni, eee SanuSni.
Simauni, 176 o 2.
Sinai (country), 118 u 2.
8ind, eee Kali, 8.
Sind, eee Sindb.
Sindb {var. Sind), 8. Gujarat, 249, o
2, 250, 268. 827, 327 o 3, 334 a 1*
385, 336 u 1, 837 u 2, 338 u 2, 341
U 1|344, 344 0 2, 345 0 1, 346, 88S,
888, 898, 398 u 2.
8indb (river), 202, 310, 311, 812. 325,
326 a 2, 827, 827 g 1, 328, 355 qI,
359 u 2, 864, 365 u 1, 381, 405 u 2.
8indbdwan, eee 8andbwaL
Sindb Sagar (valley), 8. Ldbor, 311,
315.
Sindb 8agar Ddab (Sirkir), 8. Labor,
322.
Sind Sagar Dddb, a. Multan, 330.
Singb, eee Fat^ 8.
Singh, eee Quaain, 8.
Singh, eee Manmani, 8.
8ingb, eee Sardp, 8.
Singbinah Udaipdr, a. Namol, 8.
Agra, 182, 194.
Singraur, a. lUbibae, S. Allibabad,
161.
8injhauli, eee Sanjboli.
8ipab, a. Saran, 8. Bahir, 156.
Sipra (river), 195, 196.
Sirab, (iMM*. 8arah), s. Khairab4d, 8
Audh, 93, 177.
Digitized by
Google
93
Siiii, s. Kherlah, S. Baiir, 234.
Sfrali, 8. Basoha, 8. Benffal, 137.
Stran, 8. Katak, S. 0ri88a, 144.
Sirapour, see Serliwar.
Sir Daria (Jaxartes) (river), 119 u 1*
Sirdhaoah (oar. Sardhanah), s. Saha-
ranpdr, 8. Dihli, 105, 292.
Sirdhani^ (txir. 8ardhanah), (Das-
tdrX 8..8ahiranpdr» 8. Dehli, 105.
Sirhata, s. Ghoraghit, B.Bengal, 136.
Sirhind (Sirkar), 8. Dihli, 105, 295,
302 u 1, 808, 310, 326.
Sirhind (var, 8ahrind, Sarhind), s.
Sirhind, 8. Dihli, 105, 281, 281 o 4,
296.
Sirhind (Dastdr), s. Sirhind, 8. Dihli,
105.
Siri (Port), 8. Dihli, 279.
Siriyi Kandi, s. Ghortighat, 8. Ben-
gal, 136.
Sirmar (Mils), 246 o 3.
Simal, 8. AJI^madibad, 8. Gujarat,
253.
8ir6hi (<x*r. Sarohi) (Sirkar), 8. Aj-
mer, 102, 270. 276.
Sirohi, 8. Gujarat, 251.
Sirohi, s. Sirohi, 8. Ajmer, 276.
Sirsi, 8. Hi^ar Firozah, s. Dihli, 105,
281,294,326 0 2.
Siraeni, s. Gwalior, 8. Agra, 187.
Sirsi, see Sarsi.
Sirsi Jam, s. Tattah, 8. Multan, 340.
8i8t4n (territory), 395, 396, 412, 413.
Sitalpar, 8. Kanauj, 8. Malwa, 200.
Sithla, tee Satheli.
Sitpdr, 8. Ghorighat, 8. Bengal, 136.
Sitpiir, 8. Multan (Biran-i Panjnad),
8. Multan, 331.
Siwan (Taalluk of)> s. Ghoraghat, 8.
Bengal, 136.
Siwi (var. Sibi, Sewe), (town), 8.
Multan, 328, 328 ol.
Siwi8tan, see 8ewi8tdn.
Siyamgafh, s. Hin4ifth, 8. Malwah,
207.
Siyanah^ s. Dihli, 8. 104, 287.
Siyar, see Langahtiyar.
Sfyar, s. Chakarhilah, 8. Multin,
341.
Siyari, s. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Siyor, 8. Sora^h, 8. Gujarit, 258.
Sobehe, 8. AUahab&d, 8. AlUthabid,
161 u 3.
Sobhnith, s. Khalifat&bdld, 8. Bengal,
134.
86drah, see Sudharah.
8oer8aman, see Soparsaman.
So^thah, see ^riyit Swetab.
Sogdiana (country), 119 o L .
Sohan {var. Sowari, Sowii, Soi),
(river), 328, 323 o 5.
Sohandi, 8. Beanwan, 8. Agra 189.
Sohat, 8. I^otri Pariyab, 8. Malwah,
209.
Soi, see Sohan.
Sojhat, see Sdjhat.
Sokrah (fort), s. Jal^8ar, 8. Ori88a,
142.
Solah, see Bandar, 8.
8olomon'8 Hill, s. Kaahmir, 8. Kabul,
888.
Soltara Ajiyal (or Koma), s. MaJlund-
dabid, 8. Bengal, 133.
Soltara Koma, see Soltara Ajiyal.
Somandi, see Kahe6d.
Somnath, see Pattan, 8.
8omnath,8. Gujarit, 246, 246 o 2,
263ol, 280o«.
Son (river) (var. Soane), 8. Bahar,
150, 150 ol, 151.
Sona Bazii, a. Bazoha, 8. Bengal, 138.
Sonaghiti Bazd, 8. Bazoha, 8. Bengal,
138.
Sonamarg, s. Kashmir, 8. Kibul,
359 0 2.
Sonargao^? (Sirkir), 8. Bengal, 124,
138. [138.
Sonargao^, s. Sonirgaov, 8. Bengal,
Sonarka, see Seonrakh.
Sonasi Mand^hah (var. Sanaa Man-
deh, Satasi Mundjf a), s. Badaon, 8.
Dihli, 104, 288. ^
8o^dip(wr. Sa4^dip)VFat^bad, 8.
Bengal, 132.
Digitized by
Google
94
Bongarh, 8. Gujarat, 251.
Sonhal, s. Qigron, 8. Malwah, 209.
86nipat {var. Sonpat), s. Dihli, 8.
Dihli 104, 287.
8<mitpara (city), 215 a 2.
86ni7a, s. 8harifabad, 8. Bengal, 140.
8o|ij,, s.Kanaaj, 8. Agra, 96, 185.
8onkh^r ah, s. Chimpan^r, 8. Guja-
rat, 256.
8onpat, $69 8onipat. v, ^ / ^
8oorety, $ee 8^iii. "'^ ^
86par, s. Beth Jalandhar Ddab, 8.
Lahor, 317.
86par8aman {par. 8<Br8aman, Sarsa-
mftn), s. Kashmir, 8. iUbal, 869.
8opar, iee 8iirapara.
8oran, 8. Beth Jilandhar, 8. Lihor,
317.
86ranpalri, tee 8draiipalri.
Soraon, 8. lUhibdls, 8. Allahabad, 161.
86rath (8irkar), 8. Gujarat, 242, 243,
243 0 5, 252, 258.
Sorath, s. 8orath, 8. Gujarat, 248 a 3,
249, 250, 258.
8ora|h, new, 8. (8irkar), 8. Guja-
rat, 244, 245.
8ora)h old (8irkar), 8. Gujarat. 244.
8ordhar, 8. Gujarat, 244.
8orli, see 8^oni.
86ro9, 8. K61, 8. Agra, 97, 186.
868n^r, s. 8arangjtydr, 8. Malwah,
204.
8owai, 906 8ohan.
8ow4ri, 866 8oh«n.
Sownlapara, fae 8an61ad Barah.
86yam (var. 8uhoyum), s. Kashmir,
8. Kabul, 365, 365 0 2.
8rinagar(var. 8rmagari), s. Kashmir,
8. Kibul, 355, 355 a 2, 856 0 3,
368,384.
8rinagar, 8. Uhore, 311.
Sripirvatta, 313 u 2 (35).
8ripat Kirij {TiJJLuk of), (vor. 8ripat
Kabraj, 8np^ lUraj), s. Khalifa-
tabad, 8. B^al, 134.
.8ripdr, s. Pdili^ah, 8. Bengal, 184.
Sririjpur, s. 8&tgio9, 8. Boigal, 141.
8rirampnr, s. Bogla, 8. Bengal, 184.
8rirang (TadUlu| of), s. KhaLifat4b4d,
8. Bengal, 184.
8n8aila, 313 u 2 (26).
Siiaken (townX 121.
8ubeha, 9ee 8upahah.
Suchi, 314 u 2 (82).
8ddan, Me Ghat, 8.
Sddharah (vwr. 8odrah), a. 8i^Ukot,
(Eechnau Ddib), 8. Lahor, 110,
311,321.
8uez (town), 121 a 8.
8ugandhi, 813 o 2 (3).
8dganpdr (va^, 8ohaganpoor, 8ee-
kenpoor), s. Kalpi, 8. Agra, 97,
184.
8uhnah, s. Bewiri, 8. Dihli, 105, 293.
Suhoyum, eee 86y«m.
8di 8dpar, $ee 8di 8dpar.
8di 8dpar {var, 8di 86par), 8. Ban-
thanbhor, 8. Ajmer, 102, 275.
8dj£pdr, s. Li^hnauti, 8. Bengal, 133,
8dj4pdr, 8. Tajpdr, 8. Bengal, 135.
Sdjhat (var. Bojhat), s. Jodhpdr,8.
Ajmer, 102, 271, 276.
8ukhar Nai (river bed), 826 u 2.
8ukhdehra, s. Munghir, 8. Bafaar,
155.
8ulaim^n, aee Koh-i 6.
8ulaimin, aM Takt-i 8.
8ulaimin (mountains), 887 o 4.
8ulaimiUiiib6d, s. Ajmer, 8. Ajmer,
102, 273.
8ulaiminabid (8irk£r), 8. Bengi^.
140.
8ulaiman£b4d, s. Dihli, 8. Dihli,
104.
8ulaimanib^d, s. Khalifatibid, S^
Bengal, 134
8ulaimanabad, 8. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal,
137.
8ulaiminabiid f^aveli), s. 8nlainia-
bid, 8. Bengal, 140. 140 u 7.
8ulaiminab4d {tfor, Sidimabid), s.
Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 130.
8ulaimanpur (or Shaikkpdr), s. Ohit^
tagong, 8. Bengal, 189.
Digitized by
Google
95
dulaimin 61i4hi, s. Sbftrifftbid,
S. Bengal, 140.
Sttlftimiui Bhahi, s. Udner, 6. Bengal,
130.
Snltin BAzu, •. B4zohi, 8. Bengal,
138.
8nltanpoar (var. Nosohahra),
826 u 2.
Sul^npdr, s. Audh, S. Andh, 93, 174.
Sultanpdr, s. Bahraioh, S. Andh, 93,
176.
8alt4npur, s. Ghorighiit, S. Bengal,
136.
SuUinpur, B. Jalandhar, S. Labor,
110, 310, 317.
Snltanpdr, s. Lakhnanti, 8. Bengal,
131.
SnHanpnr, e. Nafarbir, 8. Milwah,
208.
Snltibipdr, s. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal,
137. [134.
SnlUnpdr, s. Pdrniyah, 8. Bengal,
Snltiinpdr, s. 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 105,
296.
Snltinpdr, s. 8orath, 8. Gujarat, 244,
258.
Sul^npdr, s. Snlaimanabad, 8. Ben-
gal, 140.
8alt^npdr Ajiyil, s. Udn^r, 8. Ben-
gal, 130.
Bnl^pdr Bilrhah, aee 8ultanpdr, 8.
DihH.
8ambal (village), s. Kashmir, 8. lU-
bnl, 364 a 3.
Bnmmemj, see Tamumi.
8undar, eee Riyira, 8.
Snndarbans (ooa«t*Btrip), 8. Bengal,
116 0 3.
8aney4, eee 8aniya.
8unnam, s. 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 105,
296.
8npa, s. 8drat, 8. Gajarit, 257.
Bupabah (mr . 8abeha), s. Audh, 8.
Audh, 98. 174, 174 0 3.
8upar, aee 8ui, 8.
Sdrah (Kabbah), a. M^hor, 8. Bar^,
8nrajgarh, s. Munghir, 8. BahiF,
155.
Sdrajkand (village), 8. Audh, 173.
Bdranpabn, b. 8ahiranpdr, Dihli 105,
292.
Surapura (var. 8opar), b, Kaahmir,
8. lUbnl, 356 0 8.
Surasbtra, eee Sorath.
Sdrat (Sirkir), 8. Gkijarit, 243, 256
8drat, b. 8drat, 8. Gujartit, 195 q 1,
243, 251, 251 » 2, 257.
Snrati, eee 8^oni.
8nr^8wari Ketra, S. iUbul, 371 d 6.
Surharpdr, eee 8arharpdr,
8urkh-rdd (river), 8. Kibul, 405 o 3.
Siirsaman, eee Soparsaman.
Sursiwab, eee Sarsiwah.
8urnppdr, s. Ma^Lrnddib^d, 8. Ben-
gal, 133.
8urdr, eee Behin 8.
8uryaBar (8pring), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kiibnl, 361.
8utle3 (river), (wr. Heeidrus) 121 u
2, 278, 295, 296, 310. 311, 312, 325
O2,326,326o2,330o2.
8wit (w*r. 8ua8to8, 8uva8tn), (river),
311 n 8,
Swat (var, 8awid), (8irkirX 8. Kibul,
311, 311 ft 3, 347, 891, 391 g 7, 392.
8wetah, see Raryit, 8.
8ydruB, eee 8hatMidar.
8ylhet (8irkar), 8. Bengal, 124,
124 ft 6, 189.
Sylhet (Haveli), s. 8ylhet, 8. Bengal,
Ta'alluk Afimad SlUn, 000 Aftmad or
AfpnadSb^-
Tdbi, eee Tili.
Tabk&r, eee Tankar.
Tibriz (country), 408.
Tabsal, eee Natil.
Tichahal, s.Ghoragl^, 8. Bengal, 136.
Tadri, eee Sanjoll, TV\
Tagore, see Pakor. ^
Tagr^ta, 8. Uhore, 314 g 1.
Digitized by
Google
96
fiihm, tee, JHdTi,T.
f ihirpur, 8. B&rbak&bid, 8. Bengal,
137.
Tahrwirfth, b. Pattan, 8. Gajartit,254.
Tahwi, s. N4d6t, 8. Gujarit, 254.
Tahsariy see Khatfcar.
Tajpur, tee Jash.
Tajpur, 8. Sonirgion, 8. Bengal, 138.
Tijpur (Haveli), s. TAjpiir, 8. Bengal,
135.
Tajpur, 8. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 156.
Tajpur, 8 Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 130.
Tik, tee Desht.
Tik, see Pagdwir.
Tak^i, 8. Pinjarah, 8. Bengal, 137.
Takht, i 8nliman (monntains), 8.
Kabul, 355 0 2, 856 o3, 371 g 6,
384 ul.
Tal, B. Mardsdr, 8. Malwah,208.
Tila, 8. Khallfatibad, 8. Bengal, 134.
TaUd, 8. Banthanbor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
275.
TiUg^oy (vor. Milg^o^O <9- ^l^itta-
gong, 8. Bengal, 139.
Talain, 8. 8&rangpur, 8. iKUlwa, 203.
Tal^ji, 8. Sorath, 8. Gujarit, 244, '
247, 247 B 5, 258, 259.
TaUlpur, 8. Dihli, 8. Dihli, 104.
Talang, eee Lalang.
Talbarod, tee Telrdd.
Til Bar6dah, s. Chfcid^ri, 8. Malwa,
201.
Talb^gampur, tee Tilb^gampiir.
Tildwir, 8. Tijpiir, 8. Bengal, 135.
Tilgra^w, tee Bilgrio^.
Talhanfi, 8. M4nikpdr, 8. AUabibad,
90.
Talhani, tee Belheti.
Talhi ivar, Balhati, Talhati, Balai)
8. Badi09, 8. Dihli, 288.
Tili, tee Binhas, T.
TaU (river). (tHw. Tibi, Mili, P41i
Piti), 222, 228.
Taligao^, 8. KaMam, 8. Barir, 235.
Tilikin (tK»r^ikan), 8. Kabul, 400,
400 ul. ^
Taliya, s. Jallsar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Talkwirah, s. Niddt, 8. Gu jarit, 254.
Talner, tee Thalner.
Talokehiwand, s. Tirhut, 8. Bahir,
156.
Tal<$n, (vof. Taiwan), s. Tilandhar, 8.
Lahop, 110, 316.
Tal6ndi, 8. Rechniu Duab, 8. Labor,
320. [341.
7al8arah, a. Naffrpdr, 8. Multan,
Taiwan, tee Talon.
Talwirah, tee Malw^ah.
Talwirah, b. Bin Duab, 8. Lahor,
818.
Tamldk, tee Tanbdli^.
Tamsa, 8. Mih6r, 8. Bartir, 235.
Ttoukbdli, tee Ban 8£bakb4U.
Tamumi, {vcur, Summemj, Seha-
marli), b. Mahkar, 8. Barir, 287.
famumi, s. Telinganah, 8. Barir,
237.
Tanauli, b. Udn^r, 8. Bengal, 130.
Tanbdlak (txir. Tamluk), s. Jal^aar,
8. OrisBa, 142.
Tin^i, tee Udn^r.
Tiin4i (Haveli), s. Udner, 8. Bengal,
130.
Tin^ah, tee Khifpur, T.
Tin^ah, b. Chanddah (Chanir), 8.
' Allahibid, 90, 165.
Tandah (Sirkir), 8. OriBBa, 340 u 8.
T^dah, 8. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 156.
IVindah Bhagwto {var, BhagwAn,
TMidah Phuginah), 8. Dihli, 8.
DihH, 104, 286.
Tandah Phugtoab, tee Tandah Kiag-
win.
Tinekbiri, tee Nirangwari.
Tangi, 8. Kabul, 411 g 1.
Tangtalah (pasB), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul, 347 e 3, 348.
Tanil, tee Natil.
Tinkali (vor. B4ncali, Bongally), s.
Pithri, 8. Barir, 286.
Tankar (vor. Tabker, Batkar, Banker.
Bangar), 8. Kanauj, 8. Malwah, 199,
Tankir^ {var. Tekira), S. Gfijarst,
242.
Digitized by
Google
VI
t^xAAvi (seaport), S. Otijai^it, 243
a4.
Tinkli. we Barsi T.
Tanna, aee Thin4.
Tanur, a. Munpfhir, 8. BahaP, 165.
Taoru, s. RewAri, 8. Dihli, 106, 293.
Tapal («ir. Tappal), e. Kdl, 8. Agra,
97, 186.
Tappal, 9ee Tapal.
Ti^ti {vat. Timi) (river), 222 o 5, 223,
224, t24 e 2, 226, 239, 243, 257, 257
Taragaon, we Trahgam.
Tanh, Bee Barab.
Taraajiyil, s. Mahmudabad, 8. Ben-
gal, 183.
Tarakina, s. Ma^ddabad, s. Bengal,
183.
Taral, s. Hazarah, (Rechnau Doib), 8.
Labor, 110, 820.
Tar&ni, s. Tirbut, 8. Babar, 166.
Taripdr, 8. Gujarit, 243.
Tiraspdr, a. Kasbmir, 8. Kabul, 364
0 8.
Tarfn (territory), s. Kandabar, 8.
Kibul, 898.
TMrk Ohanda {va/r. Bark Cband, Bark
Hind, Barkebond, Narectcband), 8.
KaHam, 8. Barar, 285.
Tark^aar, s. Babrocb, 8. QujarAt,
255.
Tarkb^ri, b^ Akbarabid T.
Tarkt, s. Sonargioy, 8. Bengal, 188.
Tark61, a. Jal^sar, 8. Orissa, 142.
Tark Pari, see Akbbarabad Tarkb^ri.
Tarli, «ee Kbarli T.
TfctrtnaH, see Pati T.
Tarsdn, s. Tirbut, 8. Babar, 156.
Tartary (country), 118 q 2.
Tartary (Grand) (Country), 118 b 8.
Tartuk, see Kalat T.
Tasboli, s. Ma^mddabad, 8. Bengal,
133.
Tatar, eee Baepdr T.
Tatarpur, s. Jalandbar, 8. Labor, 816.
Tatou, see Pakin.
Tatta, see Tattab.
18
tiattah {wvr. Tatta), (Sarkar), 8. Mut
tan, 325, 826 9 2, 327, 386, 389, 841,
845.
Tattab, s. Tattab, 8. Miiltan, 387, 387
0 1,888, 889, 840 uL
Tdvi (river), 320 0 11.
Tiwali, Bee Area T. 8^tgaoii.
Taxila, 8. Labor, 296 u 1* 824 0 2.
Taykebra, see Patkebra.
Teerood, see Telrdd.
I Tekrar, 8. Pattan, 8. Ghijarat, 254.
I Tekira, see Tankara.
' Tekbra, see Patkebra.
T^Uri, 8. Sdrat, 8. Gujarat, 257.
T^lbati, 8. Fat^bad, 8. Bengal. 182.'
j Telbi, (vor. Balai, Balbati), 8. Badaon,
I 8. Dibli, 104.
I Teliagarbi (paas), 8. Bengal, 116 n 1.
! Telinginab (Sarkir), 8. Barar, 288,
228 0 2, 280, 287.
Telkam (Kanuij Traci), s. Kasbmir,
8. Kabul, 871.
; Tel Kulz^m (Bed 8ea), 121 0 3.
I Telpdr, s. (^rakbpdr, 8. Audb, 98,
I 176.
Telr6d {va/r, Talbarod, Teerood), s.
Maroaor, 8. Malwa, 208.
T^mba, s. 8drat. 8. Gujarat, 257.
Te68ah (wur. Botossa, Betuseb), s.
Gawil, 8. BaranJ^.
Tewari {var. Lawiri), s. Cbakarbilab,
8. Multan, 341.
Tbad, see Tbid.
Tbal, Bee Bddab T.
Tbilner, (tww. Tabier) 8. Kbandes,
224, 226. [252.
Tbaraanab, s. A^madabad, 8. Gujrat,
Tbana {v<w. Tanna), di8tricti>8. Guja*
rat, 243 a 3.
Tbanab, see Cbir T.
Tbanab, see Beo T.
Tbanab, see Kbora ka T.
Tbanab, see PiK T.
Tbanab Bbadao^, s. Av'*db, 8. Audb,
93, 174. \^
Tbanab Bhawan, s. Sabaraupdr, 8.
Dibli, 106.
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Google
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Timuah Bhim, s. Saharanpur, S-
Dihli, 106, 291.
Thanah Farida (dastiir), s. K61, S.
Agra, 97, 186.
Thanah Farida, s. K61, S. Agra, 79,
186.
Thanah Mir Khan, 8. Raisin, S. Mil-
wah, 112, 199.
Thancjot, s. Batalali (Bari DuAb), 8.
Lahor, 110. 318.
Than^sar, s. Sirhind, S. Dihli, 105,
281, 296, 300.
Than^sar (Dastiir), a. iSirhind, S.
Dihli, 106.
Thanessar, a. Dandes (Khande«), fcj.
KhandeH, 226.
Thank i, see Chanki.
Thanwarah, 8. Chand^ri^ 8. Malwah,
201.
Tharah, 8irhind, 8. Dihli, 106, 296.
Tharah (Dastur), s. 8irhind, 8. Dihli,
106.
Tharchak Dami {ixMr. Bharchak
Dami), s. 8indh 8agar Duab, 8.
Lahor, S23. |
Thatabariyar, s. Chand^riy 8. Milwa,
201. 1
Thibet, see Tibet.
Thid {var. Thad), (village), 8. Kash-
mir, 8. Kabul, 3£1.
Thdgaoy, s. Gawil, 8. Barar, 232.
Thungy, see Chanki.
Tibet (country), 11», 118 b 2,304, '
' 347, 360, 350 u 3, 351 ^2, 365, 368,
359 n 2, 360, 363, 364, 378, 383, 386,
387, 388, 390.
Tigara, see Patkehra. [192. '
Tijarah (Sarkar), 8. Agra, 96, 160,
Tijdrah, s. Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Tila (mountains), 316 u !•
Tilah Bilnith, {va/r. Balnath ka Tila,
Gorakhnath ka Tila), 316, 316 u 1.
Tiladah, s. Bahar, 8. Bahar, 164.
Tilb^gampiir Jft^or. Talb^gampur), s.
Dihli, S.^iili, 104,286.
Tilhandi, sTManikpiir, 8. Allahabad.
164.
Tilhanl, (var. Belheti, Talhoni), s.
Jaunpiir, 8. Allahibad, 163.
Tilpat, 8. Dihli, 8. Dihli, 104, 286.
Timi, see Tapti.
Tipperah (district), 120.
Tipperah (mountains), 124 q. 4.
Tirath, see Bhal ka T.
Tirhut (Sirkar), 8. Bahar, 166.
Tirhut, 8. Tirhut, 8. Bahir, 149, 162,
166.
Tirhut (Haveli), s. Tirhut, 8. Bengal,
156.
Tlrth, see Chikar T.
Tiyaghati, s. Ma^roiidibad, 8. Ben-
gal, 133.
Toda, 8. Banthanbhor, 8. Ajmer, 102,
275.
To4a (Dastur), s. Ranthanbhor, 8.
Ajmer, 102.
Todah Bhfm, s. Agra, 8. Agra, 96,
181, 188.
Todri, 8. Bantanbhor, 8. Ajmer, 276.
Toghla^piir, s. 8aharanpur, 8. Dihli,
106.
Tohanah, s. Hifar Ffrozah, 8. Dihli,
106, 2 94.
Tonk, 8. Banthanbhor, 8. Ajmer,
102,275.
Tora, 8. 8onargao9, 8. Bengal, 138.
Tori, 8. Banthanbhor, 8. Ajmer,
102.
Tortariya, s. 8atgao9, 8. Bengal, 141.
Toshim, s. Hiyar Firozah, 8. Dihli,
105, 294.
Trahgam (village), (vaar. Taragion), s.
Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 366, 866 u 1*
Transoxiana (country), 179, 220 g 6,
303 a 2.
Tribeni (three streams), 120.
Triga^hi, see Pattan.
Tri-Kalinga (Province), 228 © 2.
Trimab ( Jhelum valley), 825 b 2.
Trimbak, 228, 228 a 6.
Tripura, 318 a 2 (15).
Tri^rota, 313 ft 2 (16).
Tschanokd^ou, see Changdco.
Tschekliliret, see Chikar Tirtli.
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Google
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Tschena, see Jesa.
Tschetanr, see Chatiawar.
Tschetia, aee Jethi.
Tschetor, aee Jantor.
Tschinarghar, s. Ghanar, S. Allaha-
bad, 90 0 1.
Tschinor, see Jan6r.
Tshandoar, see Janwar.
TughlablUd, 8. Dihli, 279, 279 q 2.
Tughla^pdr, s. Saharanpdr, 8. Dihli,
292.
Tugow, 8. Kabul, 406 ft 6.
Tul (pass), S. Kabul, 399, 400.
Tulambah, s. Multan, (Bari Duab),
8. Multan, 329.
Tulja (Turja) Bhawani, 313.
Tulmiila, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 364.
Tukighat, s. G-horighat, 8. Bengal,
136.
Tiimun (village), 8. Malwa, 196.
Tumdn, s. Ghand^ri, S. AUlwa, 201.
Tiink^gosha (var. Tunkragosa village)
8. Gujarat, 245, 245 o 6.
Tunkragosa, see Tankagosha.
Turak, see Kalat Tartuk.
Turin (country), 115, 278, 300,385,
399,401.
Turangzai, 8. Kabul, 411 a 1.
Turja Bhawani, see Tulja B. .
Turkestan (itot. Turkish tan), (coun-
try), 304, 312, 348, 352, 368, 390,
391 ft 2, 392, 404.
Turkey (country), 240, 241.
Turkey European (country), 125.
Turkishtan, see Turkestan.
Tusina (var. Bossina), s. Ajr, 8em.
Ajmer, 102, 273.
Tustar, Kabul, 413.
Ubaurah, s. Sind 8agar Duab, 8.
Multan, 331.
(7ch, 8. 8ind Sagar Duab, 8. Multan,
304, 326, 326, g 2, 380 u 2, 331, 339.
(Td, see Od.
IJdahu, see 8ikaudrapur U.
Udaipdr, see Singhanah U.
TJdaipar, 8. Agra, 182.
Udaipdr, s. Ghand^ri, S. Malwah, 201 .
Udaipdr, s. Ghitdr, 8. Ajmer, 102,
268 a 3, 273.
Udangao^, s. Batialah, 8. Barar, 237.
I7dar, s. Ban Duab, 8. Labor, 318.
Udn<^r (vor. Tin^a) (8irkar), 8. Ben-
gal, 129.
i Udyina (districts), 8. Kabul, 891 ft 7.
I Ugasi, see Aguasi.
Uguasi, see Aguisi.
I Ujain, see Nashipdr.
I Ujain, see Ujjain.
I Ujaina (var, Ujinah, s. Tijarah, 8.
Agra, 96, 192.
U jhari, s. 8ambhal, 8. Dihli, 105, 290.
Ujinah, eee Ujaina.
Ujjain (city), s. Ujjain, 8. Malwah,
196, 196 ft 1, 210, 215 ft 2, 259 ft 2.
Ujjain (Haveli), s. Ujjain, 8. Malwah,
112, 198.
Ujjain (Sirkar), 8. Malwah, 112, 198.
Ujjayani, 818 ft 2 (18).
Ukala, 318 ft 2 (10).
ITkra, s. Satgaoy, 8. Bengal, 140.
Ula, 8. Sulaimanabad, 8. Bengal, 140.
Ulah, s. Telinganah, 8. Barar, 237.
Ulai, s. Kalpi, 8. Agra, 97, 184.
Ulwar, see Alwar.
Umara Umari {var, Umra Vmri), a.
Tijarah, 8. Agra, 96, 193.
Umari, see Umara U.
Umarkot, a. Na^rpdr, 8. Multan, 389,
341.
Umarpur, s. 8ulaimanabad, 8. Bengal,
140. (319.
Uminabad, s. B4ri Duab, 8. Labor,
Umraoti, s. Kallam, 8. Barar, 235.
Umra Umrl, see Umari Umari.
Umrsai, 8. Kabul, 411 ft 1.
Unah, see Un^.
Unam, see Onam.
Unchah Giov> s. Lakhnau, 8. Audh,
93,178. '
Unchod, s. Hin^iah, S. Malwa, 207.
Un4, {var. Unah), s. Sb^ath (new), 8.
Gujrat, 244, 247.
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Google
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Ungachhi, s. 0dn^r, S. Bengal, 130.
Ungli, aee Angali.
Uniiri, we Uniyar».
Uniyara {var. Uniara), s. Bantban-
bhor. 8. Ajmer, 102, 274
Untgar, s. Mancjla^r, 8. Agra, 190.
Urf^da, KAbul, 396 o 6, 401 ^ 2.
Uri, 8. Kabul, 347, b 3.
ITrmal, b. Gagron, 8. Malwab, 209.
Ush, Transoxiana, 303 o 2.
Ufmanpdr, see Dakhan U.
Iffm&npur, see Utar U*
Usmanzai, 8. Kabul, 411 b 1.
UtarkhaiK}, s. Tirhut, 8. Bahar, 156.
Utar 8bahpur, 8. 8onargaov, 8. Bengal.
L88.
Utar Usmanpur, 8. bouargao^^, 8.
Bengal, 138.
Utmankhail, b. Kabul, 407.
UsHuatpdr* s. 8harifabad, 8- Bengal,
* 140.
V
Vahula, 313 b 2 (12).
Vaidyanatha, 313 b 2 (7).
Vakreflfvara, 313 u 2 (45).
Varanasi (Benares) (city), 158 b S,
31B n 2 (22).
Vej Brara (vor. Panjbrarah, Bij
Beara) (village), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul. 356, 356 n ^.
Ver, tee JQ^ambar V.
V^r, 8. Kashmir, 8. Kibul, 311, 861,
370.
Yemag (stream), 8. Kabul, 356 b 2,
361.
Yeshau (stream), 8. Kabul, 362.
Yibhasha, 313 n 2 (36).
Vidharbangar (city), 8. Malwah, 210,
Yihi, B. Kaelimir, 8. Kabul, 357, 368.
Y ijipara, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabid, 356«3.
Yindhya (plateau), 157 b B.
Virata. 313 b 2 (50).
Yrindavana, 318 b 2 (31).
Wachhi. s. GhtfRgliat, 8. Bungal, 136.
Wahaiby see Wahrib.
Wahan, see Kao\i W.
Wahrib {var. Wabaib), 8. Ghoraghat,
8. Bengal, 136.
Waigao^, s. Kallam, 8. Barar, 235.
WaigiQV, 8. Kherlah, 8. Buir, 234.
Wakar Hazir, s. Ghoraghat, 8. Bengal,
136.
Wala, see Walak.
Walak (var. Wala) (8irkar), 8. Gnjrat,
244.
Waldah, s. Kherlah, 8. Barar, 234.
Waliyan, s. Kabul, 400.
Wan, 8. 8ialkdt (BeolHiatt Diiab), 8*
Labor, 110, 321.
Wankddn (var. Dangdoun, Danuik-
dun), 8. Bharaioh, 8. Audh, 93,
176.
Wantipar, s. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 356
b3.
Warangal, 8. Barar, 230 b 1-
Warda (river), 228.
Wardatal (Barar) (8ub«h), 228.
Wasa, 8 Pathri, 8. Bai^r, 236.
Watar, see Hasti W.
Wazirpdr, s. Agra, 8. Agra, 96, 183^
Wasirpur, s. Barbakabad, 8. Bengal;
137.
Wisah (Disah ? j, 8. Pa^an, 8. Gujrat#
254.
Wular, 8. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 358,
369.
Wun (district), 8. Barar, 229 b 5.
Wurdwun, a^ Maru W.
Yaduvati (tract), 250 b 1-
Ya^r, see Chand Y .
Y^kiib, see Deh-i Y. '
Ya^ub, see Maulana Y. Charkhi
Yangi-yuli (pass), 8. Kabul, 400,
400 b1»
Yarkand (district), 348 b ^*
YaiBtarldk, 9ee IJMl Y.
Yugiidya,318Ba(18.).
Ydnt Lohara {var. Nonitok>haraV
NuiiitlowharH, \uetloliara, Nobat-
Lobar, 8. Kaliam, 8. Barar, 235.
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Yusaf, gee Basar-i Y.
Ynsfani, see Lakhi, Y.
Yus^ni, see Lakhi Loskini.
Yu8uf, 8. Tajpur, S. Bengal, 135.
Yuaufpar, s. Fat^Md, S. Bengal,
132.
Yasuf Shihi, s. Bisohi, B. Bengal.
138.
Z
TSfyd^ Me Ghaznin.
ZitoHstin, s. lUbnl, 115, 347, 391,
408.
Zafaribid, s. Jannpnr, S. Allah^Ud,
89a 164.
Zafa,r Ajiyal B4zd, s. Bizobi, 8.
Bengal, 138.
Zafarpdr, S. Multan, 326.
Zafar Sbihi, see Bizu Z S.
Zafarwaly see Pati Z.
Zafarwil (town), 8. Allah^bid, 168,
I Zaburab^d, h. Obi^zfpur S. Allabii-
I bid, 90, 162.
Zambil, see Rambal.
Zamin Dawar, 8. Kibul, 394 n 4.
Zerpur (village), s. Narnol, S. Agra,
194.
Z^wan, 8. Kashmir, 8. Kabul, 858.
Zimbal, see Bambal.
Zinahkar, s. Kashmir, 8. Kibnl, S70.
Zinahpdr, b. Kashmir, 8. Kabul,
369. [203.
Zirapdr, s. Sirangpur, 8. Malwa,
Zohik, 8. Kibnl, 8. Kibnl, 409.
Zohik (fortress), 8. Kabnl, 409.
ZohikBimiin, s. Kabnl, 8. Kibul,
412.
Zonnbara, see Jobnair.
Zukru {va^. Znknr), s. Kashmir, 8.
Kabul, 356 0 3. 362 Q 5.
Zukur, see Zukru.
Zdrmat, s. Kabul, 8. Kabul 407 n 4
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